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This technique is a novel superior based muscle sparing approach. Acetabular reaming in all hip approaches requires femoral retraction. This technique is performed through a hole in the lateral femoral cortex without the need to retract the femur.A 5 mm hole is drilled in the lateral femur using a jig attached to the broach handle, similar to a femoral nail. Specialised instruments have been developed, including a broach with a hole going through it at the angle of the neck of the prosthesis, to allow the rotation of the reaming rod whilst protecting the femur. A special C-arm is used to push on the reaming basket. The angle of the acetabulum is directly related to the position of the broach inside the femoral canal and the position of the leg. A specialised instrument allows changing of offset and length without dislocating the hip during trialling.Some instrumentation has been used in surgery but ongoing cadaver work is being performed for proof of concept. The ability to ream through the femur has been proven during surgery. The potential risk to the bone has been assessed using finite analysis as minimal. The stress levels for any diameter maintained within a safety factor >4 compared to the ultimate tensile strength of cortical bone.The described technique allows for transfemoral acetabular reaming without retraction of the femur. It is minimally invasive and simple, requiring minimal assistance. We are incorporating use with a universal robot system as well as developing an electromagnetic navigation system. Assessment of the accuracy of these significantly cheaper systems is ongoing but promising.This approach is as minimally invasive as is possible, safe, requires minimal assistance and has a number of other potential advantages with addition of other new navigation and simple robotic attachments.

Excited states in 63,65,67Mn were studied via in-beam γ-ray spectroscopy following knockout reactions from 68Fe. Similar level schemes, consisting of the 11/2−, 9/2−, 7/2− and 5/2g.s.− level sequence, connected by I→I−1 transitions, were established, the first time for 65,67Mn. Their level structures show features consistent with strongly-coupled rotational bands with K=5/2. State-of-the-art shell-model calculations with the modified LNPS effective interaction reproduce the observed levels remarkably well and suggest the dominance of 4-particle-4-hole neutron configurations for all the states. The data on the low-lying excited states of odd-mass 53−67Mn provide a textbook example of nuclear structure evolution from weak coupling through decoupling to strong coupling along a single isotopic chain on the n-rich side of the β stability line. These results help to deepen our understanding of the N=40 “island of inversion”. Keywords: In-beam γ-ray spectroscopy, “Island of inversion” around N=40, Strong coupling, Structure evolution

Identifying and optimizing housing and management systems that improve the well-being of the gestating sow is essential to sustaining animal agriculture. Therefore, the impact of 2 floor-space allowances and a high-fiber gestation diet on dry group-housed sows were evaluated using multiple measures of well-being. Groups of 10 multiparous sows/pen (n = 221) were assigned randomly to treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement to either a corn-soybean meal diet (CTL) or corn-soybean meal diet supplemented with soybean hulls and wheat middlings (FBR), and floor-space allowance of either 1.7 or 2.3 m(2)/sow. Sow BW, backfat (BF), and body condition score (BCS) were all recorded on d 34, 65, 90, and 110 of gestation, whereas skin lesions were scored on d 34, every 2 d for the first 2-wk postmixing, and then biweekly throughout gestation. Blood sample was collected only on d 34 for cortisol (baseline), and samples were collected on d 90 of gestation for other measures including cortisol. Behavior was registered on multiple days throughout gestation. Sows fed FBR and kept at 1.7 m(2) produced heavier litter and weaning weights and greater number of piglets born alive, compared to sows fed FBR but kept at 2.3 m(2) of floor space (diet × floor space, P ≤ 0.04). Sows fed FBR and kept at 1.7 m(2) performed fewer oral-nasal-facial and sham-chew behaviors than sows fed CTL and kept at the same floor space (diet × floor space, P ≤ 0.044). Sows kept at 1.7 m(2) of floor space had a greater (P < 0.05) total lesion severity score than sows kept at 2.3 m(2)/sow, and vulva lesion scores were more (P < 0.02) severe among CTL-fed sows than FBR-fed sows. Parities 2 and 3 sows fed FBR and kept at 1.7 m(2) of floor space were heavier (P < 0.001) than sows fed the same diet but kept at 2.3 m(2). These results indicate that keeping small groups of pregnant sows at a minimum floor-space allowance of 1.7 m(2)/sow and floor feeding these sows a high-fiber diet can improve short-term sow well-being.

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the efficacy of programfed, corn-silage-based diets containing reduced-fat, modified wet corn distillers grains (RFDGS); high-fat, modified wet corn distillers grains (HFDGS); or highfat, condensed corn distillers solubles (HFCDS) containing 8.01, 10.53, and 10.99% ether extract (crude fat), respectively, on beef cow and calf performance. Angus × Simmental crossbred cows (n = 128) were program fed 1 of 4 dietary treatments for 206 d beginning in the third trimester through calf weaning. Cows were blocked by parity (first parity and 2 or more parities) and stratified within parity by BW subject to variation in BCS to 16 pens. Each block was equally represented within treatment. Control cows were fed diets based on corn silage, shelled corn, and soybean meal to provide 12.0% CP (T1). In treatment diets, corn silage and either RFDGS (T2) or HFDGS (T3) replaced shelled corn and soybean meal to provide 12.0% CP. High-fat, condensed distillers solubles (T4) replaced shelled corn and a portion of soybean meal to provide 12.0% CP. Cow DMI per day was lower (P = 0.01) for T3 comparing 10.13 ± 1.12, 9.88 ± 1.02, 8.07 ± 0.88, and 10.08 ± 1.20 kg for T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively. Crude fat composition of the diets was different (P = 0.001), where T1 T2 and T3, T1 = T4, and T1 = T2 = T3. Milk urea nitrogen differed between treatments (P = 0.02), where T1 > T2 and T3, T4 = T1, and T4 = T2 = T3. No differences (P > 0.05) between treatments were observed for calf BW and cow BW and BCS at the end of the feeding period. Calf birth weight tended (P = 0.10) to be lower for T3 compared with T1, T2, and T4. In corn silage– based diets when beef cows are program fed to maintain similar BCS, HFDGS, RFDGS, and HFCDS can replace shelled corn and soybean meal, with similar performance.

Two experiments were conducted to examine feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers fed reduced-fat, modified wet distillers grains with solubles (RMDGS). Angus cross steers were stratified by BW in each experiment and assigned to 20 pens containing either 6 or 7 steers per pen. In Exp. 1, pens were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 diets containing 15% corn silage and 1) 25.0% RMDGS and 57.04% whole shelled corn (25 RMDGS); 2) 40.0% RMDGS and 42.69% whole shelled corn (40 RMDGS); 3) 70.0% RMDGS and 12.49% whole shelled corn, fed 84 d, then switched to 40 RMDGS (70/40 RMDGS); 4) 70.0% RMDGS and 12.49% whole shelled corn (70 RMDGS). In Exp. 2, the same diets were fed except 70/40 RMDGS was replaced with a diet containing 73.16% whole shelled corn and 9.60% soybean meal (0 RMDGS). In Exp. 1, no significant differences in DMI, ADG, G:F, or carcass characteristics were found. In Exp. 2, DMI increased (P = 0.003) with increasing RMDGS. In Exp. 2, LM samples from 2 steers in each pen at each slaughter date were analyzed. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in percentage of moisture, fat, or cooking loss in shear force of rib steaks among treatments. Steers fed the 70 RMDGS diet produced rib steaks with lower a* (P < 0.05) following 7 d of chilled storage. Fatty acid analysis showed an increase (P < 0.05) in SFA at the expense of MUFA because of RMDGS supplementation. Increases were observed in PUFA, PUFA/SFA, conjugated linoleic acid, and omega-6 fats, with increasing RMDGS. Steers fed 70 RMDGS had inconsistent feedlot performance with a trend for lighter HCW, lower QG, and reduced meat quality.

Corn distiller's grains plus solubles (DGS) have become a common replacement for shelled corn in diets of finishing steers. Numerous studies have evaluated DGS inclusion, both wet (WDGS) and dry (DDGS), into feedlot diets with conflicting reports on feedlot performance and subsequent meat quality. Many authors have failed to describe the nutrient composition of the DGS utilized in their studies making it difficult to determine why different studies have different results. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feedlot performance and subsequent meat quality characteristics of steers fed high fat (10.36±0.72%), modified wet corn distiller's grains plus solubles (HWDGS) at 0, 25, 40, and 70% of the diet dry matter (DM). Angus cross steers (n=240; 335±55 kg) were blocked by source and stratified within block (3 blocks) by body weight (BW) to 32 treatment pens containing either 6 or 10 steers/pen. Pens within block were randomly assigned to one of four diets containing 15% corn silage: (1) 76.9% shelled corn, 6.4% soybean meal 1.5% limestone, 0.2% premix (0 HWDGS); (2) 25.0% HWDGS, 58.20% shelled corn 1.6% limestone, 0.2% premix (25 HWDGS); (3) 40.0% HWDGS, 42.74% shelled corn 2.06% limestone, 0.2% premix (40 HWDGS); (4) 70.0% HWDGS, 12.30% shelled corn 2.5% limestone, 0.2% premix (70 HWDGS). Target BW at harvest was 591 kg±23 kg with 121 steers harvested on day (d) 161 and 117 steers on d 224. Hot carcass weight and liver abscess scores were recorded on d of harvest. Longissimus muscle area, rib fat thickness, marbling score, and kidney, pelvic and heart fat were measured after a 24 h chill. No significant differences were observed between treatments regarding average daily gain (ADG) or BW. Steers fed 0 HWDGS had significantly lower average daily feed intake (ADFI) than steers fed HWDGS and the response was quadratic at lower ADFI. Steers fed 70 HWDGS had lower (P

The objective of this study was to evaluate 3 inclusion rates for modified wet distillers grains with solubles containing 5.6 to 8.0% fat (WDGS) when limit-fed to beef cows during late gestation and early lactation. Angus × Simmental crossbred cows (n = 128) in the third trimester were blocked by parity (first parity and 2 or more parities) and stratified within parity by BW, subject to variation in BCS, to 16 pens. Four diets were fed until completion of a timed AI. Control cows were fed corn silage-, shelled corn-, and soybean meal-based diets to provide 12% CP [treatment (T) 1]. In the treatment diets, WDGS replaced shelled corn, soybean meal, and a portion of the corn silage to provide 12% (T2), 16% (T3), or 20% CP (T4). Analyzed CP values were 12.0, 12.5, 15.7, and 19.0%, for T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively. Mean DMI per day was 7.80 ± 1.01, 7.96 ± 1.01, 8.55 ± 1.28, and 8.63 ± 1.11 kg for T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively. No differences (P > 0.05) between treatments were observed for calving ease score, calf birth weight, calf BW, and cow BCS at the end of the feeding period. There was a linear (P = 0.03) increase in cow BW change in cattle fed increasing levels of WDGS and a quadratic response (P = 0.03) in milk production, with production increasing in T3 compared with T4 and T2 cattle. Cows fed increased levels of WDGS performed equally or superior to cows fed shelled corn- and soybean meal-based diets.

The Daresbury On-Line Isotope Separator-Cryogenic On-Line Device (DOLIS-COLD), consisting of a 3He-4He dilution refrigerator coupled to an on-line isotope separator, has proved to be a powerful system for the study of nuclei far from stability. The design and performance of DOLIS-COLD is discussed. To illustrate the capabilities of the system, examples of magnetic moment measurements by static low-temperature nuclear orientation and by NMR on oriented nuclei (NMR/ON) are presented.

Two trials were conducted to examine the effects of 40 and 70% inclusion rate of either dry or wet low-fat (6 to 8%) distillers grains on growth performance and meat quality. Trial 1 used dry distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) and 96 Angus steers. Trial 2 used wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS) and 216 Angus steers. Steers were stratified by BW to pens, and pens were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 treatments formulated on a DM basis: 1) whole shelled corn, soybean meal, 15% corn silage, fed as a control (CON); 2) 40% DDGS or WDGS, whole shelled corn, 15% corn silage (C40); 3) C40 switched mid-trial to 70% DDGS or WDGS, whole shelled corn, 15% corn silage (40/70); 4) 70% DDGS or WDGS, whole shelled corn, 15% corn silage switched mid-trial to C40 (70/40); 5) CON + soybean meal, isonitrogenous to C40 (N40); 6) CON + corn oil, iso-fat to C40 (E40). In trial 1 DMI was greater (P = 0.02) for N40 and DDGS steers compared with CON for the first 84 d; DMI was lower (P = 0.01) for CON and 40/70 on 168 d. No significant DMI differences (P ≥ 0.32) were observed on d 213. In trial 2 no significant differences in DMI, BW, ADG, or G:F were observed across treatment diets at 142 d except N40-fed steers had reduced (P = 0.01) DMI compared with other treatments. Average daily gain, BW, and G:F at 56 d and 112 d were greatest (P = 0.001) for CON, N40, and E40 steers compared with steers receiving WDGS. Carcass characteristics were not negatively affected (P ≥ 0.06) by level of DDGS in either trial. Neither level of DDGS or WDGS nor CP or fat concentrations had a significant effect on meat quality, fatty acid composition, or lipogenic activity. According to this study, it is possible to increase the inclusion of low-fat DDGS and WDGS in feedlot rations as a percentage of dietary DM above 40%.

The effectiveness of a static gravity screen-roll press separator operated in tandem with a polyacrylamide assisted gravity belt thickener to separate solid and liquid components of liquid pig manure (raw slurry – RS) under production-scale conditions was evaluated. The system was operated from May to October in 2006 and 2007 each of two years processing 4 039 919 l in year 1 and 4 674 840 l in year 2 of raw slurry (RS1). The amount of biosolids produced was 363 690 l in year 1 and 439 103 l in year 2 resulting in a 91.8% collection rate of separated effluent (SE). Significant reductions were obtained in settleable solids (98.4% and 94.3%), total suspended solids (98.2% and 80.9%), total nitrogen (60.6% and 37.0%) and phosphorus (91.7% and 70.9%) concentrations comparing RS1 with SE for years 1 and 2, respectively. The N:P ratio of RS1 was improved from 3.6:1 to 17.1:1 in SE for year 1 and from 5.1:1 to 11.3:1 in SE for year 2. The cost to separate and apply to land SE via centre pivot irrigation was 0.28 US¢ l−1, comparative in price to the cost for direct injection of RS (0.24–0.44 US¢ l−1). The cost of utilising this system was similar to existing land application technology while the nutrient load in the SE was significantly reduced.

In a 4-yr study, early-weaned Simmental steers (n = 192) of known genetics were individually fed to determine EPD, performance, and carcass measurements explaining variation in carcass value and profitability across incremental days on feed (DOF) when sorted by HCW, calculated yield grade (YG), or at their highest profit endpoint (BEST). Steers were weaned at 88.0 +/- 1.1 d of age, pen-fed a high-concentrate diet for 84.5 +/- 0.4 d, individually fed for 249.7 +/- 0.7 d, and slaughtered at 423.3 +/- 1.4 d of age. Carcass weight, YG, and marbling score (MS) were predicted using real-time ultrasound throughout the finishing period to calculate carcass value and profitability at 90, 60, 30 d preslaughter and under three individual sorting strategies. Sorting strategies included marketing the 25 and 50% heaviest HCW, the highest YG at d 60 and 30, or the remaining 25% at 0-d endpoints. Independent variables were year, weaning weight EPD, yearling weight EPD, marbling EPD, DMI, ADG, HCW, YG, and MS. Profit was quadratic in response to increased DOF; the greatest economic return was noted on d 30 (pre-slaughter). Final weight, DMI, HCW, MS, and YG increased (linear; P < 0.001) with additional DOF, and ADG and G:F decreased (linear; P < 0.001). Total cost of gain was quadratic (P < 0.001), and incremental cost of gain rose at an increasing rate (quadratic; P < 0.001) with increased DOF. With increasing DOF, HCW importance decreased from 58 to 21%; MS was variable, ranging from 18 to 23%; and YG and DMI were minor contributors to profit variation. Among sorting strategies, final BW and HCW were greater for BEST, whereas other measurements were similar. Sorting individuals by HCW, YG, or at BEST increased profitability 3.70 dollars, 2.52 dollars, or 30.65 dollars over the optimal group DOF endpoint (d 30). Retrospective analyses illustrated that sorting does not need to pinpoint each animal's profit optimum to result in economic gains; rather, increasing HCW and decreasing weight- and YG-related penalties improved profitability. Opportunities may exist with existing and new technology to uniformly allocate cattle into feeding and marketing groups, decrease overfeeding, and increase carcass value and profitability.

Abstact Three trials utilizing 222 crossbred beef cows were conducted over 3 yr to evaluate the efficacy of replacing a portion of the diet with a dehydrated, pelleted mixture containing wheat middlings and ground food waste from retail grocery stores (DF). In trial (T1), trial 2 (T2), and trial 3 (T3), 78, 73, and 71 beef cows, respectively, in their second and third trimesters were blocked by parity (first parity vs two or more parities) then allotted to treatment (TRT) pens according to body condition score (BSC), subject to variation in BW. The durations of T1, T2, and T3 were 143, 184, and 155 d, respectively. Trials were terminated each year following a timed insemination to a synchronized estrus. Control cows were fed a corn silage, shelled corn, soybean meal-based diet according to NRC estimates. Treatment cows received diets similar to the control diet except the DF replaced all of the soybean meal and corn. According to chemical analysis, the DF contained 94.5 ± 0.1% DM, 12.0 ± 0.1% ADF, 6.8 ± 0.1% cellulose, 5.2 ± 0.1% ADL, 0.14 ± 0.0% AIA, 20.0 ± 0.5% CP, and 7.6 ± 0.0% ether extract (EE). During T1, T2, and T3, EE and P values were higher (P 0.05) between TRT and control cows. No significant differences were determined for milk production, milk fat, or milk protein between TRT and control cows. The calculated feed replacement value for DF for this study was 10.96¢/kg. The results of this study suggest that DF can serve as an alternative feedstuff in the diets of beef cows.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the acceptability, growth performance, and diet digestibility of feed mixtures containing food wastes that were further heat processed for growing-finishing lambs. The first experiment consisted of two feeding trials in which 36 lambs in each trial were fed 1) total mixed rations (TMR) containing extruded feed mixtures that were amended with pulped plate waste (PW) collected from university dining centers or 2) control TMR containing corn, soybean meal, and ground hay in Trial 1 (T1) or soybean hulls in Trial 2 (T2). On a DM basis, the treatment TMR in T1 contained 23.9% PW, and the treatment TMR in T2 contained 24.1% PW. The PW used in this study contained 37.5 ± 9.4% DM, 33.0 ± 8.2% CP, 14.7 ± 5.5% ether extract (EE), and 12.6 ± 5.2% ADF. During T1, lambs fed the control TMR (compared with lambs fed PW) had greater (P

We report first experimental and theoretical studies of a new type of temporal solitons and spatio-temporal bright-dark solitons in strongly coupled exciton-polariton planar waveguides.

Three trials utilizing 215 crossbred beef cows were conducted over 3 yr to evaluate the efficacy of replacing a portion of the diet with fresh pulped food waste (FPF) collected from university cafeterias. In trial 1 (T1), trial 2 (T2), and trial 3 (T3) 68, 73, and 74 beef cows in the third, second, and second trimester, respectively, were blocked by parity (first parity vs two or more parities), then stratified to six treatment pens according to body condition, subject to variation in body weight. The duration of T1, T2, and T3 were 99, 190, and 225 d, respectively. Trials were terminated each year following a timed insemination to a synchronized estrus. Control cows were fed a corn silage-shelled corn and soybean meal diet during T1 and T2, and a soybeanlage-shelled corn diet during T3, according to NRC estimates. Treatment cows received similar diets where FPF replaced 50% of the forage (wet weight basis) and all soybean meal. Treatment and control diets were not designed as isonitrogenous nor isocaloric. Chemical analysis found FPF to contain 46.1 ± 9.6% DM, 20.3 ± 6.8% ADF, 19.5 ± 6.8% Cellulose, 0.6 ± 1.1% ADL, 0.27 ± 0.23% AIA, 29.4 ± 7.2% CP, and 15.8 ± 3.3% EE. During T1, T2, and T3, EE was higher ( P P P >0.05) between control and treatment cows for T1, T2, or T3. Similar ( P >0.05) calf survival rates at birth and weaning rates were observed for control and treatment cows during T1, T2, and T3. Milk production (kilograms per day), and milk fat and protein percentage did not differ ( P >0.05) between control and treatment cows for T1, T2, and T3. Ending weights and ADG were higher ( P

Three trials were conducted to determine the effects of the changed USDA quality grade guidelines and finishing environment on the performance and carcass merit of Angus-sired and Wagyu-sired single-calving heifers. In trial 1, nine Angus and 15 Wagyu single-calving heifers were finished to a compositional subcutaneous fat cover of 1.0 cm on a corn/corn silage-based diet. Feedlot performance was not affected by sire breed. Wagyu (59.4 ± 0.49%) heifers had a higher ( P P P P P >0.10) lower as a result. Carcass merit was not significantly affected by finishing environment. The single-calving heifer system was a viable option for beef production despite the changes in USDA quality grade guidelines.

Intraoperative lymphatic mapping with identification of the first draining lymph node (sentinel node) is under investigation as a possible sole axillary staging procedure in breast cancer patients. The role of sentinel node biopsy in the district general hospital breast unit is currently unclear. We report a series of 122 patients undergoing sentinel node biopsy, using a blue dye technique. The sentinel node was identified in 113 patients, and accurately predicted the status of the axilla in 108 patients (96%). Of 39 patients who were node positive, the sentinel node was the only positive node in 11 cases (26%). There were five false negatives in patients who had a node-positive axilla. We therefore suggest that sentinel node biopsy may be a feasible alternative to formal axillary dissection in certain patients, and that lack of access to radioisotope facilities in a district general hospital need not preclude such an approach.

In a 4-yr study, early-weaned Simmental steers (n = 192) of known genetics were individually fed to determine genetic, performance, and carcass factors explaining variation in carcass value and profitability. Steers were weaned at 88.0 +/- 1.1 d of age and pen-fed a high-concentrate diet (108.99 dollars/t) for 84.5 +/- 0.4 d before allotment. Calves were implanted with Synovex C at weaning and successively with Synovex S (Fort Dodge Animal Health, Fort Dodge, IA) and Revalor S (Intervet, Inc., Millsboro, DE). Steers consumed a 90% concentrate diet (98.93 dollars/t), consisting primarily of coarse cracked corn and corn silage, for 249.7 +/- 0.7 d and slaughtered at 423.3 +/- 1.4 d of age. Five-year price data were collected for feedstuffs, dressed beef, and grid premiums, and discounts. Average dressed beef price was 110.67 dollars/45.4 kg. Premiums (dollars/45.4 kg) were given for Prime (5.62 dollars), Average Choice (1.50 dollars), and yield grades (YG) 1 (2.46 dollars), 2A (1.31 dollars), and 2B (1.11 dollars). Discounts (dollars/45.4 kg) were given for Standard (-16.85 dollars), Select (-8.90 dollars), and YG 3A (-0.12 dollars), 3B (-0.19 dollars), 4 (-14.16 dollars), and 5 (-19.56 dollars). Discounts were given for HCW extremes as well (409 to 431 kg, -0.64 dollars; 432 to 454 kg -11.39 dollars; > 454 kg, -19.71 dollars). Input costs included annual cow costs (327.77 dollars), veterinary/medical and labor (35 dollars per animal), feed markup (22 dollars/t), yardage (0.25 dollars/d per animal), and interest (10%). Dependent variables were carcass value and profit per steer. Independent variables were year, weaning weight EPD, yearling weight EPD, marbling EPD, DMI, ADG, G:F, HCW, calculated YG, and marbling score (MS). Carcass value was correlated (P < 0.05) with yearling weight and marbling EPD, DMI, ADG, feed efficiency, HCW, and MS. Carcass weight, MS, and YG accounted for nearly 80% of the variation in carcass value among steers, explaining 51, 10, and 8%, respectively. Profit was correlated (P < 0.05) with DMI, ADG, feed efficiency, HCW, and MS. Carcass weight, MS, YG, and DMI accounted for nearly 78% of the variation in profit among steers, explaining 21, 18, 12, and 3%, respectively. Carcass weight was the most critical factor contributing to carcass value, whereas BW and carcass quality were the primary factors affecting steer profitability. These models represent the relative importance of factors contributing to value and profitability in early-weaned Simmental steers based on historical pricing scenarios.

Early-weaned Angus x Simmental heifers were used to evaluate the effects of postweaning nutritional management on feedlot performance, carcass merit, and the relationship of intramuscular and subcutaneous fat deposition to the feed efficiency among heifers fed for a high-quality market. Sixteen heifers were weaned at 73+/-5.5 d of age and grazed on endophyte-infected tall fescue for 18 mo before entering the feedlot (early-weaned-P). Eighty heifers from the following year's calf crop were weaned at 71+/-5.5 d of age and allowed either ad libitum access to a 25% concentrate diet (early-weaned-25C) or limit-fed a 90% concentrate diet (early-weaned-90C) to achieve a similar ADG. Following a 119-d growing period, 16 early-weaned-90C and 16 early-weaned-25C calves were paired based on BW and growth rate and individually fed during the finishing period along with the early-weaned-P heifers. Ultrasound measurements of s.c. and i.m. fat were recorded at approximately 60-d intervals throughout the finishing period. Feed efficiency was regressed against s.c. and i.m. fat, and i.m. fat was regressed on s.c. fat. Despite a similar ADG, early-weaned-90C calves gained more efficiently (P < or = 0.05) in the feedlot than early-weaned-25C calves. Heifers finished as yearlings tended (P < or = 0.10) to gain faster but gained less efficiently (P < or = 0.01) than early-weaned-90C heifers finished as calves. The rate of s.c. and i.m. fat deposition was similar between early-weaned-90C and early-weaned-25C heifer calves. The calves were grouped together for comparison to yearlings. Feed efficiency decreased quadratically (P < or = 0.01) as s.c. fat cover increased. The rate at which feed efficiency decreased relative to increasing s.c. fat cover was similar regardless of age at feedlot entry. However, heifers finished as calves gained more efficiently (P < or = 0.01) than yearlings at any given fat thickness. Feed efficiency decreased linearly (P < or = 0.01) as i.m. fat increased among heifers finished as calves. Additionally, heifers finished as calves deposited i.m. fat at a faster rate relative to s.c. fat (P < or = 0.01) than yearlings. These data suggest that heifers finished as calves produce high-quality carcasses with less s.c. fat cover while gaining more efficiently than heifers finished as yearlings.

The AKr(α, 2nγ)A+2Sr reactions have been studied by in-beam γ-ray spectroscopy for A = 78, 80, and 82. States with spins up to 10+ in 82,84Sr and 6+ in 80Sr are identified. The Sr nuclei undergo a transition from spherical to deformed ground states as neutrons are removed from the N = 50 shell. The systematics of these nuclei are compared with calculations based upon the shell model and interacting boson model.

The isotope separator DOLIS, which is on-line to the Daresbury Laboratory's 20-MV tandem accelerator, is used to measure nuclear moments and decay schemes. Separated beams may be collected on a tape and transported to a counting station, implanted directly into a host lattice at on-line temperatures down to less than 10 mK, or allowed to interact with a collinear laser beam. The present status of DOLIS and its ancillary equipment is described.

A technique for the adjustment (by grinding) of castings in remount procedures has been presented. The importance of maintaining ridge and groove direction, the desired occlusal anatomic form, vertical dimension of occlusion, and proper function without disturbing the functional cusps has been stressed.

A sideband in 170 Yb has been identified up to I π =17 − . It has an isomeric I =4 bandhead, yet the odd-spin states have prompt branches to the ground-state band. The contrasting properties are explained by the Coriolis effects on the quasi-particle configuration.

The magnetic moment of116Sbg(t1/2=16 m, Iπ=3+) has been measured to be |μ|=2.716(7)μN using the technique of NMR/ON on nuclei oriented at low temperatures in an iron host, on-line at the DOLIS-COLD facility, Daresbury. The measured moment can be well interpreted using empirical magnetic moments of neighbouring odd-A antimony and tin nuclei. The change in Iπ=3+ moments between116-120Sb is well accounted for by the variation in the odd neutron contribution, the odd proton acting as a spectator. © 1987 J.C. Baltzer A.G., Scientific Publishing Company.

Decay sequences based on the 1 2 + [660] proton orbital have been identified in 171 Ta and 177 Re based on spin, parity, and large alignment. This decay sequence is observed higher in energy than predicted in cranking calculations based on modified oscillator potentials. Similarly known 1 2 − [541] decay sequences in these and other neighbouring isotopes are observed lower in energy than predicted. A reduction in the strength of the spin-orbit potential for protons is suggested as a solution to these problems.

The crossing of an octupole band by a rotation-aligned two-quasiparticle band has been observed in detail in 162Dy. Both the yrast and yrare states are identified from the band heads (I =2 and I = 5) to high spin (I ∼ 14), with band crossing in both the even-spin and odd-spin sequences.

At I π =22 + , the yrast band of 174 Hf is observed to have a second rotational anomaly, which may be linked with the high-spin extension of the K π =0 + “β-band”. A possible explanation of the anomaly is that the nucleus is more deformed in the excited band than in the yrast band.

The hyperfine field of Cs Fe has been measured to be (+)40.8(0.7)T, using the technique of on-line low temperature nuclear orientation. The time dependent relaxation of121CsmFe has also been investigated using a new technique, giving a Korringa constant Ck of 0.059 (15) sK. From this, an effective relaxation time of 3.0 (0.8)s can be deduced for the short lived118Csm(T1/2=17s). This value has then been used to extract the magnetic moment of118Csm to be |μ|=5.4 (1.1) nm. © 1987 J.C. Baltzer A.G., Scientific Publishing Company.

Members of the octupole band up to spin 14− have been identified with the 170 Er (α,2 n ) 172 Yb reaction. The band is strongly perturbed by Coriolis effects and has a high moment of inertia with variations characteristic of particle alignment. Vabrational alignment is insufficient to explain the data.

A high resolution isotope separator has been constructed at the SERC nuclear structure facility at Daresbury, principally for nuclear structure research. The separator may either be used on-line to the NSF tandem Van de Graaff accelerator to separate short-lived products of nuclear reactions or off-line to separate longer lived stable or radioactive samples. A high temperature FEBIAD ion source is used in the former mode of operation, while for off-line studies one of two Freeman ion sources may be used. Extraction voltages of up to 30 kV are possible with post acceleration up to a total energy of 100 keV. A 60° sector magnet is used to separate different isotopic ion species which are subsequently transported via an electrostatic switchyard to a dilution refrigerator for ion implantation nuclear orientation studies or to an atomic oven, which is used in conjunction with a tunable dye-laser, for atomic hyperfine structure experiments. This paper reviews the current status of the Daresbury Isotope Separator and its experimental programme.