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Abstract: Diabetes mellitus, an epidemic of the 21st century, is listed as one of the top ten causes of death around the world by the World Health Organization and is a complicated disease to deal with. Medically, a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels and altered metabolism of biological macromolecules, mainly carbohydrates. Diabetes mellitus has a worldwide prevalence, and populations of all high, middle, as well as low-income countries, are affected by it. More than 400 million persons are currently living with diabetes. Many risk factors, such as lack of exercise, irregular diet, drinking, and smoking habits, as well as genetic factors, also contribute to the increased incidence of diabetes mellitus in the modern era. The conventional therapies for diabetes are based on insulin, insulin analogues, peptides, and oral hypoglycemics. The primary objective is to lower the elevated blood glucose levels and manage the distress to enhance the quality of life of the patient. The management of diabetes is very crucial to avoid complications having serious consequences such as the extra economic burden due to these complications. Conventional drug therapy has its own adverse effects, and its timely availability and cost are still an issue in many low and middle-income countries. Diabetes mellitus has been reported in various ancient kinds of literature along with various natural remedies (plants/herbals) useful in it. These plant-based remedies offer the benefits of lesser or no adverse effects, easy availability due to natural abundance, and low cost. Therefore, extensive research work is carried out in the past few decades to identify and understand the underlying principles of plant-based/herbal medicines to develop new potential lead molecules and a relatively safer, easily available and more economical alternative treatment therapy for diabetes mellitus.

Fabrication of sodium-ion full cell (SIFC) with optimized anode and cathode material is in the initial phases. The successful fabrication of full cell is depended on effective improvement in electrode materials and performance of sodium-ion half-cells. Cathode material plays crucial role in the performance of full cell. Sodium-ion full cell was fabricated based P2-type Na0.67Ni0.167Co0.167Mn0.67O2 (Na-NCM) material synthesized by sol-gel process and commercially available hard carbon. The electrochemical properties of Na-NCM material and hard carbon were systematically investigated. The hard carbon material achieved a reversible capacity of 210.82 mAh g−1 with initial columbic efficiency of 81.15% in Na/Hard Carbon half-cell. The Na-NCM material exhibits a discharge capacity of 149.27 mAh g−1 at C/20 rate in Na/Na-NCM half cell. The fabricated SIFC in coin cell configuration delivers a specific capacity of 74.6 mAh g−1 at C/20 rate, with 40% of the initial discharge capacity delivered after 100 cycles at C/20 and the columbic efficiency is more than 90%. The coin cell in full cell configuration displays reasonable performance at the rates of C/20 to 3C indicating the capability of high rate performance of anode and cathode materials. The first discharge capacity of fabricated SIFC in prismatic configuration is 2.16Ah.

The variety of theories that can account for the dark energy phenomenon encourages current research to concentrate on a more in-depth examination of the potential impacts of modified gravity on both local and cosmic scales. We discuss some cosmological reconstruction in $f(Q,T)$ cosmology (where $Q$ is the non-metricity scalar, and $T$ is the trace of the energy-momentum tensor) corresponding to the evolution background in Friedmann-La\^imatre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) universe. This helps us to determine how any FLRW cosmology can arise from a specific $f(Q,T)$ theory. We use the reconstruction technique to derive explicit forms of $f(Q,T)$ Lagrangian for the different kinds of matter sources and Einstein's static universe. We also formulate the models using several ansatz forms of the $f(Q,T)$ function for $p=\omega \rho$. We demonstrate that several classes of $f(Q,T)$ theories admit the power-law and de-Sitter solutions in some ranges of $\omega$. Additionally, we reconstruct the cosmological model for the scalar field with a specific form of $f(Q,T)$. These new models with cosmological inspiration may impact gravitational phenomena at other cosmological scales., Comment: PLB published version

On the basis of homogeneous and isotropic Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) geometry, solutions to the issues of cosmic acceleration and dark energy are being put forth within the context of $f\left( Q\right)$ gravity. We take into account a power law $f(Q)$ model using $f\left( Q\right) =\alpha Q^{n}$, where $\alpha $ and $n$ are free model parameters. In the current scenario, we may establish the energy density and pressure for our $f(Q)$ cosmic model by applying the constant sound speed parameterizations, i.e., $\vartheta_{s}^{2}=\beta$, where a barotropic cosmic fluid is described in terms of $\beta$. The field equations are then derived, and their precise solutions are established. We obtain the constraints on the model parameters using the updated Hubble (Hz) data sets consisting of 31 data points, the recently published Pantheon samples (SNe) with 1048 points, and Baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) data sets. We also examine the physical behaviour of the deceleration parameter, the equation of state (EoS) parameter, the statefinder diagnostic, and the Om diagnostic. We conclude that our $f\left( Q\right) $\ cosmic model predicts a transition in the universe from deceleration to acceleration. Further, to investigate the feasibility of the model, we discussed some of its thermodynamic aspects., Comment: Nuclear Physics B published version

In the current research, we present a novel gravastar model based on the Mazur-Mottola (2004) method with an isotropic matter distribution in $f(Q)$ gravity. The gravastar, a hypothesized substitute for a black hole, is built using the Mazur-Mottola mechanism. This approach allows us to define gravastar as having three stages. The first one is an inner region with negative pressure; the next region is a thin shell that is made up of ultrarelativistic stiff fluid, we have studied proper length, energy, entropy, and surface energy density for this region. Apart from that, we have demonstrated the possible stability of our suggested thin shell gravastar model through the graphical study of surface redshift. Exterior Schwarzschild geometry describes the outer region of the gravastar. In the context of $f(Q)$ gravity, we have discovered analytical solutions for the interior of gravastars that are free of any kind of singularity and the event horizon., Comment: Chinese Physics C published version

The Newman-Janis technique and the semi-classical Hamilton-Jacobi approach are two distinct phenomena that we apply in this paper to examine the Hawking temperature $(T_{H})$ for $4$-dimensional gauge super gravity like black hole with rotation parameters. First, using the Newman-Janis algorithmic approach, we compute the gauge super gravity like black holes solution. We use surface gravity to derive the $T_H$ for a gauge super gravity like black hole. In order to do this, we use the Lagrangian field equation in the background of generalized uncertainty principle, semi-classical Hamilton-Jacobi approach and the WKB approximation technique. Furthermore, we investigate the stability of considered geometry with the help of corrected entropy and well known thermodynamic quantities. It is concluded that the gauge super gravity like black holes is stable under first-order corrections., Comment: Annals of Physics published version

In this manuscript, we present a number of fascinating explicit reconstructions for the f(Q) gravity from the background of Friedmann-Laîmatre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) evolution history. We find the more general functions of non-metricity scalar Q that admit exact ΛCDM expansion history. Adding extra degrees of freedom to the matter sector is the only method to get the scale factor to behave in this manner for more generic functions of Q. In addition, a cosmological reconstruction for modified f(Q) gravity is constructed in terms of e-folding. It is shown how any FLRW cosmology can arise from a specific f(Q) theory. We also reconstruct the well-known cosmological evolution for the specific examples of ΛCDM cosmology.

Background: Curcumin is a curcuminoid which is an active constituent of turmeric and is obtained from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa, family Zingiberaceae. Curcumin modulates the activity of various transcription factors and regulates the expression of inflammatory enzymes, cell survival proteins, adhesion molecules and cytokines by binding to a variety of proteins and inhibiting the activity of various kinases. Curcumin falls in the BCS class IV drug, with poor solubility and poor permeability which makes it very challenging in utilizing the maximum therapeutic potential of this moiety. Objective: The major aim of the study was to enhance transdermal penetration of curcumin via ethosomal gel and to overcome the barriers of poor permeability of transdermal drug delivery. Methods: Curcumin loaded ethosomes were prepared with varying quantities of ethanol and soya lecithin by cold method and were optimised based on entrapment efficiency, vesicular size and Ex-vivo studies. Optimised ethosomal formulation was further incorporated into a gel and was evaluated. Ex-vivo studies were performed with the ethosomal gel of curcumin and was compared with simple drug solution. Result: Prepared ethosomal system showed a vesicle size ranging from 211 to 320 nm with spherical, smooth surface and entrapment efficiency of 87 to 91%. Optimised ethosomal system (ET3) was incorporated into gel and was further evaluated. Conclusion: The findings of the research work suggested that the ethosomal gel holds an excellent potential for transdermal delivery of curcumin.

We present the coupling of the torsion scalar $T$ and the trace of energy-momentum tensor $\mathcal{T}$, which produces new modified $f(T,\mathcal{T})$ gravity. Moreover, we consider the functional form $f(T,\mathcal{T}) =\alpha \mathcal{T}+\beta T^2$ where $\alpha$ and $\beta$ are free parameters. As an alternative to a cosmological constant, the $f(T,\mathcal{T})$ theory may offer a theoretical explanation of the late-time acceleration. The recent observational data to the considered model especially the bounds on model parameters is applied in detail. Furthermore, we analyze the cosmological behavior of the deceleration, effective equation of state and total equation of state parameters. However, it is seen that the deceleration parameter depicts the transition from deceleration to acceleration and the effective dark sector shows a quintessence-like evolution., Comment: Fortschr. Phys. accepted version

Abstract:: Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease of the skin that is chronic, inflammatory, recurring, and affects about 2-5 percent of the population of the world. For treating psoriasis, ample drugs and molecules are available. However, none are safe and efficient for treating the disease without sacrificing the compliance of the patient. Also, existing medications are intended to mitigate the signs and symptoms and 100% cure is not achieved. They do, however, concentrate on treating the illness and relieving the symptoms. Therefore, finding a delivery mechanism that can treat psoriasis safely and efficiently without sacrificing patient enforcement remains a critical task. Nano based formulations present a high prospect of overcoming the weakness of traditional formulations by providing dose reductions, reduced side effects, and dosage frequency with improved efficacy while herbal medicinal products can also be used as potential drugs against psoriasis as they are easily available and are safe. This review focuses primarily on the traditional strategies and recent discoveries of a range of anti-psoriatic drugs in metallic, polymer, and herbal-based formulations. Nanocarriers such as nanoparticles, dendrimers, micelles, nano-capsules, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), ethosome, liposomes have been elaborated. Also, studies relating to the use of Phyto based plants in psoriasis has been discussed. Nano and herbal based formulations, in a nutshell, remain known as a promising approach for treating psoriasis.

The presence of nano-nutrients can be stimulatory for the anaerobic digestion (AD) of hardly degradable wastes and thus enhance process performance. One of the essential trace elements, nickel (Ni), is involved in multiple important enzymes necessary for efficient AD. This study investigated the effects of Ni nanoparticles (NPs) with different concentrations on cattle manure AD performance and effluent chemical composition. The results showed that the highest specific biogas production was attained with 4 mg/L Ni NPs (p

Metal nanoparticle elements such as Fe, Ni, and Co are promising in improving the performance and stability of anaerobic digestion. However, the impact of nanoparticle mixtures of Fe, Ni, and Co on biogas production from anaerobic digestion of cattle manure still needs further studies. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of the most effective concentrations of nanoparticle additives on biogas and CH4 production and H2S mitigation during anaerobic digestion of cattle manure. The nanoparticle additive concentrations were selected from the findings of previous studies and were 30 mg/L Fe, 2 mg/L Ni, and 1 mg/L Co at four combinations. Biogas production increased by 14.61% upon the use of nanoparticle mixtures of 30 mg/L Fe and 2 mg/L Ni compared with control (cattle manure-only). Furthermore, the addition of nanoparticle mixtures of 30 mg/L Fe, 2 mg/L, and 1 mg/L Co increased CH4 production by 19.30% compared with control. Moreover, H2S production decreased by 35.10% in the presence of nanoparticles mixture of 30 mg/L Fe, 2 mg/L, and 1 mg/L Co in comparison with control. Modified Gompertz and logistic function models were used to determine the kinetic constant of the reaction. The modified Gompertz model has the better predicting ability for cattle manure anaerobic digestion.

Parkinson’s disease is one of the most severe progressive neurodegenerative disorders, having a mortifying effect on the health of millions of people around the globe. The neural cells producing dopamine in the substantia nigra of the brain die out. This leads to symptoms like hypokinesia, rigidity, bradykinesia, and rest tremor. Parkinsonism cannot be cured, but the symptoms can be reduced with the intervention of medicinal drugs, surgical treatments, and physical therapies. Delivering drugs to the brain for treating Parkinson’s disease is very challenging. The blood-brain barrier acts as a highly selective semi-permeable barrier, which refrains the drug from reaching the brain. Conventional drug delivery systems used for Parkinson’s disease do not readily cross the blood barrier and further lead to several side-effects. Recent advancements in drug delivery technologies have facilitated drug delivery to the brain without flooding the bloodstream and by directly targeting the neurons. In the era of Nanotherapeutics, liposomes are an efficient drug delivery option for brain targeting. Liposomes facilitate the passage of drugs across the blood-brain barrier, enhances the efficacy of the drugs, and minimize the side effects related to it. The review aims at providing a broad updated view of the liposomes, which can be used for targeting Parkinson’s disease.

Many nanoparticles (NPs) were reported to enhance biogas production from anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic wastes. However, the influence of iron (Fe) NPs on processes stability of AD of cattle manure and effluent chemical composition has not yet been studied in depth. Therefore, three concentrations (15, 30, and 60 mg/L) of Fe NPs were added to the separate lab-scale batch bio-digester to investigate their impact on biogas production and effluent chemical composition from the AD of cattle manure compared with cattle manure only. The results indicated that the highest specific biogas production (p

$$f(R,T)$$ gravity is a widely used extended theory of gravity introduced by Harko et al., which is a straightforward generalization of $$f(R)$$ gravity. The action in this extended theory of gravity incorporates well-motivated functional forms of the Ricci scalar $$R$$ and the trace of the energy momentum tensor $$T$$ . The present manuscript aims at constraining the most widely used $$f(R,T)$$ gravity model of the form $$f(R+2\lambda T)$$ to understand its coherency and applicability in cosmology. We communicate here a novel method to find a lower bound on the model parameter $$\lambda\gtrsim-1.9\times 10^{-8}$$ through the equation relating the cosmological constant ( $$\Lambda$$ ) and the critical density of the universe ( $$\rho_{\textrm{cr}}$$ ).

Biogas production via anaerobic digestion (AD) of waste is a very attractive and challenging task. A slow rate of biodegradation and the presence of impurities in biogas propose the whole process f...

In this paper, we study two different phenomena (the Newman-Janis algorithm and the semiclassical Hamilton-Jacobi method) to analyze the Hawking temperature ($T_H$) for massive $4$-dimensional regular Hayward BH with spin parameter. First of all, we compute the rotating regular Hayward black hole solution by taking the Newman-Janis algorithmic rule. We derive the $T_H$ for rotating regular Hayward BH with the help of surface gravity. We have also analyzed the effects of spin parameter $a$ and free parameter $l$ on $T_H$ with the help of graphs. Moreover, we investigate the quantum corrected Hawking temperature ($T'_H$) for rotating regular Hayward black hole. To do so, we utilize the Lagrangian filed equation in the background of GUP within the concept of WKB approximation and semiclassical Hamilton-Jacobi method. The $T'_H$ of rotating regular Hayward BH depends upon correction parameter $\beta$, BH mass $m$, spin parameter $a$, free parameter $l$ and BH radius $r_+$. We also study the graphical behavior of $T'_H$ versus event horizon $r_+$ for rotating regular Hayward BH and check the influences of quantum gravity parameter $\beta$, spin parameter $a$ and free parameter $l$ on the stability of corresponding black hole. Moreover, we study the significance's of logarithmic entropy correction for regular rotating Hayward BH., Comment: Physics of the Dark Universe accepted version

We consider modified symmetric teleparallel gravity (STG), in which gravitational Lagrangian is given by the arbitrary function of non-metricity scalar $Q$ to study static and spherically symmetric charged traversable wormhole solutions with non-commutative background geometry. The matter source at the wormhole throat is acknowledged to be anisotropic, and the redshift function has a constant value (thus, our wormhole solution is non-tidal). We study the obtained field equations with the two functional forms of $f(Q)$ STG models, such as linear $f(Q)=\alpha Q+\beta$ and non-linear $f(Q)=Q+mQ^n$ models under Gaussian and Lorentzian distributions. Our analysis found the exact wormhole solutions for the linear STG model only. Also, for the non-linear model, we derived numerically suitable forms of wormhole shape functions directly from the modified Einstein Field Equations (EFEs). Besides, we probed these models via Null, Dominant, and Strong energy conditions with respect to free Modified gravity (MOG) parameters $\alpha$, $\beta$, $m$, and $n$. We also used Tolman-Oppenheimer-Vokloff (TOV) equation to investigate the stability of wormhole anisotropic matter in considered MOG. Finally, we plot the equation of state., Comment: Annals of Physics revised version

In this paper, we examine the accelerated expansion of the Universe at late-time in the framework of $f\left( Q\right) $ gravity theory in which the non-metricity scalar $Q$ describes the gravitational interaction. To this, we propose a new parametrization of the Hubble parameter using a model-independent way and apply it to the Friedmann equations in the FLRW Universe. Then we estimate the best fit values of the model parameters by using the combined datasets of updated $H(z)$ consisting of $57$ points, the Pantheon consisting of $1048$ points, and BAO datasets consisting of six points with the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. The evolution of deceleration parameter indicates a transition from the deceleration to the acceleration phase of the Universe. In addition, we investigate the behavior of statefinder analysis and Om diagnostic parameter, Further, to discuss other cosmological parameters, we consider a $f\left( Q\right) $\ model, specifically, $f\left( Q\right) =Q+mQ^{n}$, where $m$ and $n$ are free parameters. Finally, we find that the model supports the present accelerating Universe, and the EoS parameter behaves like the quintessence model., Comment: Comments are welcome

In this study, we obtain wormhole solutions in the recently proposed extension of symmetric teleparallel gravity, known as gravity. Here, the gravitational Lagrangian L is defined by an arbitrary function f of Q and T, where Q is a non-metricity scalar, and T is the trace of the energy-momentum tensor. In this study, we obtain field equations for a static spherically symmetric wormhole metric in the context of general gravity. We study the wormhole solutions using (i) a linear equation of state and (ii) an anisotropy relation. We adopt two different forms of , (a) linear and (b) non-linear , to investigate these solutions. We investigate various energy conditions to search for preservation and violation among the obtained solutions and find that the null energy condition is violated in both cases of our assumed forms of . Finally, we perform a stability analysis using the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkov equation.