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The position is substantiated according to which the preservation of the rite as an object of ethnocultural heritage in modern conditions is possible through bringing it into a museum state. It is argued that this process should be based on the fixation of the rite during the period of its existence in the natural socio-cultural environment, the results of which were reflected in the field diaries of ethnographers stored in museum archives. The authors point to the main difference between the “inheri tor of tradition” and the “bearer of tradition”, which is the fragmentation and discreteness of the information available to the latter, which is insufficient to recreate the complex image of the traditional rite. The potential of the proposed methodology for interpreting and reconstructing traditional rituals is revealed on the example of the Shor rite ‘Shachig’. The authors analyze modern national-social variations in the interpretation of ethnographic information about the rite of the first third of the XX century. It is shown that the superficial processing of the information contained in the sources and the incorrect decoding of the codes leads to the transformation of the descriptions of all elements and the material component of the rite. As a scientifically grounded alternative, reconstruction and interpretation of this rite from the standpoint of a semiotic approach is proposed, based on a comprehensive analysis of all its elements (actional, verbal, objective) and considering temporal and local characteristics.

Using the methods of differential thermal analysis and voltammetry the authors have studied the influence of grain-subgrain structure of alloys on the basis of nitinol Ti49,5Ni50,5 and Ti50,0Ni47,3Fe2,7 on the laws of their oxidation when heated in air and on corrosion resistance in chloride-containing solutions (0,9 % NaCl, artificial sea water). The alloy with submicrocrystalline structure was prepared by equal-channel angle pressing in 1-3 passages, minimum average size of grain/subgrain achieved 0,25μ. It was shown that decreasing element size of grain/subgrain structure results in reduction of alloy thermal oxidation stability which appears in fall of oxidation begining tempearture, temperatures of achieving process peak rate and full oxidation. When applying electropolishing and ion-beam processing of surface the corrosion resistance is determined to a great extent by surface state but not by alloy bulk structure. Using the mechanical polishing the iron-doped alloy with submicrocrystalline structure is more corrosion resistive than undoped TiNi with coarse-grain structure.

The study presents an assessment of variability of histological structure, measurement, and comparison of size of the neoplasm obtained by ultrasonographic examination and pathological examination, as well as the morphometric dimensions of nuclei and cytoplasm of testicular interstitial cell tumors in dogs. The study involved 35 dogs with neoplasms of 46 testes, where 11 animals had interstitial cell tumors in both testes. Insignificant differences of the size of these neoplasms were revealed (p 0.05) using ultrasonography and pathoanatomical measurement methods. Hence, it allows using both methods to assess the size of interstitial cell tumors. In the study, interstitial cell tumor was detected in both testes at once in 50 % of cases in dogs, however, this might be due to specific characteristics of the sample, and further research is required. In the course of scientific work, a morphological study showed the presence of variability in histological structure of interstitial cell tumors, which can lead to incorrect interpretation of the morphological picture and misdiagnosis, e. g. adipocyte-like morphology of interstitial cell tumors have morphological similarity to a benign neoplasm from adipose tissue - lipoma. In addition, there was an extremely pronounced difference in size of cytoplasm (from 23.6 to 148.4 m; average 66.21 22.42 m) and nuclei (from 9 to 57.6 m; average 23.19 7.10 m) in tumor cells. It proves the presence of pronounced anisocytosis and anisokariosis, which should indicate malignancy of the neoplasm, however, testicular interstitial cell tumors extremely rarely metastasize in practice and according to numerous studies.

The search for new markers of high productivity of sheep and the introduction of evaluation and selection methods for these indicators is an urgent direction in breeding of Russian sheep. The material for the research was the results of assessment of exterior, live weight of Romanov sheep. Genetic studies were carried out using tissue samples (ear plucking). Polymorphism of growth hormone gene in Romanov sheep was evaluated by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and polymerase chain reaction. Evaluation of polymorphism of growth hormone gene in the population of Romanov sheep showed the presence of three allelic variants - AA, AB and BB, with a frequency of 0.24, 0.63 and 0.14, respectively. The statistically significant difference between the indicators of live weight in animals with genotypes GHAB and GHAA, GHAB and GHBB was: at birth 210 g and 140 g (P 0.95), respectively; at weaning 350 g and 1260 g (P 0.95), respectively. The phenotypic variability of live weight was the highest at birth and at weaning and amounted to 31.732.5 % for all genotypes. Animals with genotypes GHAA and GHAB outperformed their peers with genotype GHBB in dimensions of rump width in tuber coxae, rump width in tuber trochanterica, chest width, chest circumference, and therefore, had a wide body. When studying the phenotypic and genetic correlations of measurements of exterior and live weight at the age of 12 months, a reliable positive relationship was established with height at withers height (rP = +0.13*; rG = +0.02), rump height (rP = +0.14**; rG = +0.03), rump length (rP = +0.14**; rG = +0.02). The new knowledge gained about polymorphism of GH gene and its relationship with productive traits of Romanov sheep will allow for in-depth evaluation, targeted selection and selection of individuals with desirable genotypes.

Species composition, structure, density and biomass of macrobenthos in the estuary of the Manuy River are described, its main communities are defined and their trophic characteristics, production, and distribution along the river channel are determined on the materials collected in July 2021. Three main biotopic zones of the estuary are identified by their hydrological features and parameters of macrobenthos: the river mouth, the lower estuary, and the upper estuary. Bilateral structure of salinity with 0.8–5.0 psu in the upper layer and > 27 psu near the bottom was observed in the lower estuary, whereas the upper estuarine zone was filled mostly by oligohaline water (0.8–1.6 psu), with only a thin refugial layer of the seawater (23.1 psu) at the depth of 0.9 m. In total, 24 species of benthic invertebrates and cyclostomes were presented in the macrobenthos. The species richness varied insignificantly across the estuary, from 4 species/section in its upper part to 9 species/section in the lower part, with lowered richness at the border between the lower and the upper estuarine zones, that corresponded to the theory of critical salinity. The density of macrobenthos distribution decreased from the river mouth to the boundary between the lower and upper zones (from 808.0 ± 162.0 ind./m2 to 16.0±2.8 ind./m2), then increased sharply in the upper estuary (up to 1384 ± 160 ind./m2). The total biomass had two peaks: in the lower estuary (4.381 ± 0.589 g/m2) and in the upper estuary (up to 28.950 g/m2), with the minimum of 0.076 ± 0.015 g/m2 between. The boundary between the meso-, polyhaline lower estuary and the oligohaline upper estuary had the width of several hundred meters. Four benthic communities were identified by various methods of cluster and ordination analysis, regardless of the method: two communities in the upper estuary (communities of Eogammarus kygi and Neomysis awatschensis), one community in the lower estuary (community of Hediste japonica) and the community of Haustorioides at the river mouth. Gathering detritivores formed the basis of biomass and macrobenthic production at the river mouth; collecting detritophages — sestonophages were the most significant in the lower estuary; while three key trophic groups were presented in the upper estuary: 1) collecting detritivores — macrogrinders — scavengers, 2) collecting detritivores, and 3) ground feeders — collecting detritivores. Daily production of macrobenthos was low at the river mouth and in the lower part of the lower estuary but increased in its upper part and in the upper estuary.

Aim. To analyze the effectiveness of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) from a related HLA-identical donor in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Materials and methods. From 2013 to 2018, the study included 8 patients (6 men, 2 women) aged from 27 to 55 years (median 39 years) with MM who underwent allo-HSCT from a related HLA-identical donor (7 patients after auto-HSCT, in 1 case without previous auto-transplantation). All patients required 2 or more lines of induction therapy, while the achieved antitumor effect was unstable. Before allo-HSCT, complete and very good partial remission was determined in isolated cases, in 4 patients the response was regarded as partial remission, stabilization in 1 observation, progression in 1 patient. All patients underwent reduced intensity conditioning (fludarabine 30 mg/m2 6 days + busulfan 4 mg/kg 2 days). Immunosuppressive therapy included the administration of antithymocyte globulin and post-transplant cyclophosphamide. Results. Severe acute GVHD (grade 34) was observed in 3 (37.5%) cases, which resulted in death in 1 case. A stable antitumor response was achieved in 5 (62.5%) patients, complete remission lasts for 2986 months after allo-HSCT. Specific therapy for these patients is not carried out. The 7-year progression-free survival rate was 75%, the 7-year overall survival rate was 84%, with a median follow-up of 65 months. The transplant-related mortality was 12.5%. Conclusion. Allo-HSCT is considered as an alternative method of therapy for young patients with aggressive MM. Allo-HSCT in MM in some cases leads to long-term immunological control of the tumor.

Обоснование. Представляя собой сложнейшую многофакторную систему, климат определяет существование биогеоценозов и экосистем на планете. Влияние климата на все живые организмы прямо, или косвенно через проявление различных природных процессов, заставляет учитывать климат и климатические явления при планировании и организации любых видов деятельности. Многочисленные исследования в области климатологии в интеграции с различными естественнонаучными, гуманитарными, социально-экономическими, геополитическими, информационными изысканиями выявляют множество проблемных вопросов, связанных с влиянием климатологических процессов и явлений на все сферы человеческой деятельности. Однако, следует отметить, что, несмотря на многочисленность таких исследований, вопросы влияния климата на безопасность человека находят отражение лишь в незначительном числе научных публикаций, и, в основном, косвенно. Вместе с тем, общее понимание важности изучения климатических изменений и их влияния на мировые экосистемы требует частного изучения, какое воздействие данная глобальная экологическая проблема оказывает на безопасность человека. Цель. Выяснить, каким образом население отождествляет свою безопасность с глобальными климатическими изменениями, а также определить возможные направления дальнейшей работы по повышению уровня безопасности населения. Материалы и методы. Теоретический анализ научных исследований проблемного поля влияния климатических изменений на безопасность человека; качественный и количественный анализ анкет 352 жителей Сахалинской области, собранных в ходе опроса, проведенного, в основном, в дистанционном формате, на онлайн площадках, а также путем рассылок на электронную почту и в социальных сетях. Результаты. Проведенное исследование выявило степень отношения населения Сахалинской области в проблематике изменения климата, причинами которого явились недостаток осведомленности в вопросах экологической безопасности, влиянии климата на здоровье и жизнедеятельность, недостаточный уровень развития культуры безопасности. Заключение. Таким образом, актуальными направлениями повышения уровня безопасность человека в свете современной климатической повестки в настоящее время могут стать проведения массовой научной, просветительской, образовательной работы с населением в этом направлении.

The relevance of the problem of noosphere-aesthetic education of primary school students is due to the need for their entry into noosphere-cultural space of the region which affects the formation of humanistic attitude of students to all life on the earth, their native nature and culture; insufficient theoretical and practical development of the model for the implementation of this phenomenon.The purpose of the article is theoretical substantiation, development and implementation of the model of noosphere-aesthetic education of primary school students by means of regional culture.The leading method of research is modeling which allows to create and implement an integral system of noosphere-aesthetic education of primary school students by means of regional culture.On the basis of cultural and environmental approaches we have defined the content of the concepts "noosphere-aesthetic education of primary school students", “regional culture" and proved the effectiveness of the model for implementing this approach. In this article from the standpoint of cultural and environmental approaches the concept of "noosphere-aesthetic education of primary school students" is clarified, the effectiveness of the implementation model of this phenomenon by means of regional culture is proved, prospects of using its building blocks: target, structural, diagnostic, technological and effective in the education system are substantiated.The results of the research presented in the article and statistical processing of experimental data using R.Fisher's angular coefficient of transformation proved the effectiveness of proposed model in educational process.Practical significance of the study is that diagnostic techniques, program, process unit of the model presented in the article contribute to more efficient noosphere education of primary school students and can be used by teachers of higher school, primary school teachers and educators in their activities.

Treatment programs for patients with acquired aplastic anemia include two main therapeutic options: allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and combined immunosuppressive therapy (IST). However, combined IST remains the method of choice for most adult AA patients. This study included 120 AA patients who received IST at the National Research Center for Hematology in 20072016. The analysis was applied to 120 patients. Median age was 25 (1765) years, M/F: 66/54, SAA/NSAA: 66%/34%. Effectiveness of IST was carried out in 120 patients with AA. This group did not include 8 SAA patients who died during the first 3 months from the start of treatment from severe infectious complications (early deaths 6.2%) and 2 AA patients who dropped out of surveillance. The observation time was 55 (6120) months. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH clone) was detected in 67% of AA patients. The median PNH clone size (granulocytes) was 2.5 (0.0199.5)%. The treatment was according to the classical protocol of combined IST: horse antithymocytic globulin and cyclosporin A. Most of patients (87%) responded to combined immunosuppressive therapy. To achieve a positive response, it was sufficient to conduct one course of ATG to 64% of patients, two courses of ATG 24% of patients and 2% of patients responded only after the third course of ATG. A positive response after the first course was obtained in 64% of patients included in the analysis. Most of the responding patients (93%) achieve a positive response after 36 months from the start of treatment. Therefore, the 3rd6th months after the first course of ATG in the absence of an answer to the first line of therapy can be considered the optimal time for the second course of ATG. This tactic allows to get an answer in another 58% of patients who did not respond to the first course of ATG. The probability of an overall 10-year survival rate was 90% (95% confidence interval 83.696.2).

Precise dosing of warfarin is important to achieve therapeutic benefit without adverse effects. Pharmacogenomics explains some interindividual variability in warfarin response, but less attention has been paid to drug‐drug interactions in the context of genetic factors. We investigated retrospectively the combined effects of cytochrome P450 (CYP)2C9 and vitamin K epoxide reductase complex (VKORC)1 genotypes and concurrent exposure to CYP2C9‐interacting drugs on long‐term measures of warfarin anticoagulation. Study participants predicted to be sensitive responders to warfarin based on CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotypes, had significantly greater international normalized ratio (INR) variability over time. Participants who were concurrently taking CYP2C9‐interacting drugs were found to have greater INR variability and lesser time in therapeutic range. The associations of INR variability with genotype were driven by the subgroup not exposed to interacting drugs, whereas the effect of interacting drug exposure was driven by the subgroup categorized as normal responders. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering drug interactions in pharmacogenomic studies.

Rationale: Treatment of Parkinson's disease has been by now symptomatic. The literature on the efficacy and side effects of levodopa has been contradictory. Some authors mention an anti-depressant effect of the agent, while others believe that it is exactly levodopa that eventually induces the occurrence of depressive symptoms. Aim: To reproduce the OHDA-hemiparkinsonism rat model with subsequent assessment of both external and structural manifestations of the disorder, as well as to study the efficacy of levodopa for motor and non-motor symptoms of parkinsonism. Materials and methods: The study was performed in 52 male Wistar rats. The disease model included stereotaxic administration of neurotoxic 6-OHDA into the pars compacta of the substantia nigra. At 2 months after the administration, the animals underwent test for motor (Rotarod, cylinder, ketamine-induced rotation in the rotometer) and non-motor abnormalities (open field, social interest, conditioned escape response). Results: In 18% of the animals no hemiparkinsonism symptoms were found. 32% of rats had only motor symptoms, whereas in 50% of the animals both motor and non-motor symptoms were noted. Levodopa could partially correct the motor abnormalities, with augmentation of depressive-like behavior. Conclusion: Levodopa has shown its partial efficacy in correction of the motor symptoms caused by administration of 6-OHDA neurotoxin; however, it caused such side effects as augmentation of depressive-like behavior and anxiety.

The article summarizes information about the actinic keratosis. Presented data of the literature about the prevalence of the disease, the features of the clinical picture, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of dermatosis.

In our previous studies it was established that the remodeling of pancreatic islets with decreasing β-cell population density is formed in hypertensive SHR rats. The imbalance between the synthesis of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic factors may be one of the possible causes of disturbed formation of the endocrinocyte population in the pancreas. The aim of the research was to study the parameters of Bcl2 and p53 proteins synthesis in pancreatic islets in normotensive and hypertensive rats in the streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus development. Materials and methods. The study was performed on 30 normotensive male Wistar rats (systolic BP=105.0 ±1.1 mm Hg) and 25 hypertensive SHR rats (systolic BP=155.7 ±0.9 mm Hg) with fasting normoglycemia (4.73 ± 0.10 mmol/l). Bcl2 and p53 proteins were detected in histological pancreas sections by immunofluorescence method. The relative area of Bcl2- and p53-immunopositive material, concentration of proteins in endocrinocytes, their content in the islets and apoptosis index p53/Bcl2 were analyzed in pancreatic islands. Results. The area of relative immunofluorescence to the Bcl2 protein was 2 times less, and the protein content was 3 times lower in pancreatic islets of hypertensive rats (SHR) compared with normotensive Wistar rats. At the same time, no statistical differences in the area of the immunopositive material to the p53 protein and its content in the islets between the experimental groups were revealed. The development of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in Wistar rats was accompanied by approximately 2-fold decrease in the Bcl2 protein expression in pancreatic islets, a significant increase in the specific content of p53 protein and a 3.8-fold increase in the apoptosis index of p53/Bcl2. In pancreatic islets of SHR rats, diabetes mellitus development was accompanied by 2-fold increase in the specific content of the proapoptotic protein p53 without the reduction of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl2 synthesis. At the same time, the p53/Bcl2 apoptosis index in SHR rats remained statistically higher than in Wistar rats. Conclusions. Endocrine cells of pancreatic islets of SHR rats are characterized by the prevalence of proapoptotic protein p53 expression as compared with Wistar line normotensive rats. The development of streptozotocin diabetes in Wistar rats leads to a significant decrease in the number of endocrinocytes synthesizing the antiapoptotic protein Bcl2. At the same time, an increase in the synthesis of the proapoptotic protein p53 in endocrinocytes in diabetes is observed both in normotensive and in hypertensive rats.

Relevance. Ytterbium, its alloys and compounds are characterized by valuable thermoelectric, magnetic and optical properties, ytterbium-containing materials are used in military and nuclear industries. Due to the high chemical activity, as well as similarities with other rare earth elements, ytterbium isolation technologies include a large number of operations, among them deposition, electrolysis, cementation, adsorption, etc. The peculiarity of ytterbium (as well as europium and samarium) in comparison with other rare earth elements is the possibility of cathodic deposition at the mercury electrode and formation of amalgam at relatively low negative potentials. In this regard, the study of the regularities of the electrode processes involving ytterbium is an urgent task both from a fundamental and technological point of view. The aim of the research is to determine the features of the effect of complexing agents (acetate and citrate ions) on cathodic reduction of Yb(III) at mercury electrodes. Objects: ytterbium oxide, perchloric and acetic acids, solutions of salts (NaClO4, LiCl, N(C2H5)4Cl, sodium acetate and citrate) and alkali (NaOH). Methods: direct and alternating current polarography, cyclic voltammetry with mercury electrodes. Results. The range of potential of the cathodic process Yb(III)®Yb(II) (1×10–4...1×10–3 M) at mercury electrodes (dropping, stationary) in non-complexing and complexing (acetate, citrate) supporting electrolytes in a wide pH range 2...9 has been refined. The effect of complexation of Yb(III) on the ratio of ytterbium and hydrogen ions reduction currents and on the stability of the intermediate product Yb(II) of the cathode process in the solution medium was established. The paper introduces the catalytic nature of the chemical reaction of Yb(II) oxidation by hydrogen ions occurred in the near-cathode layer of the solution to the process Yb(III)®Yb(II) at potentials –1,3...–1,5 V (vs. Ag/AgCl/KCl). Interpretation of the results of electrochemical studies was carried out using the calculated diagrams E-pH for Yb–H2O–CH3COO– and Yb–H2O–Cit3– systems in comparison with the system without complexing agent. The importance of taking into account Yb(III) state in solutions and electrolysis conditions for the cathode process is discussed.

The article is devoted to the methodological problem of the use of information and communication technologies in the system of higher education. The formation of new models of educational activities with the wide use of information and communication technologies is the main component of the modernization of education. In addition, modern higher education is faced with the task of training students in accordance with federal state educational standards. The task requires the search for new technologies for the organization of educational activities. One of these technologies is the WebQuest technology, which can be aimed at solving the problem of effective professional training of students. As a solution to this problem, didactic possibilities and conditions for using the WebQuest technology have been identified and described.

Antibiotic residues in water are general health and environmental risks due to the antibiotic-resistance phenomenon. Sonication has been included among the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) used to remove recalcitrant contaminants in aquatic environments. Sonochemical processes have shown substantial advantages, including cleanliness, safety, energy savings and either negligible or no secondary pollution. This review provides a wide overview of the different protocols and degradation mechanisms for antibiotics that either use sonication alone or in hybrid processes, such as sonication with catalysts, Fenton and Fenton-like processes, photolysis, ozonation, etc.

Over the last two decades, the scientific community and industry have made huge efforts to develop environmental protection technologies. In particular, the scarcity of drinking water has prompted the investigation of several physico-chemical treatments, and synergistic effects have been observed in hyphenated techniques. Herein, we report the first example of water treatment under simultaneous hydrodynamic cavitation and plasma discharge with the intense generation of radicals, UV light, shock waves and charged particles. This highly reactive environment is well suited to the bulk treatment of polluted water (i.e. E. coli disinfection and organic pollutant degradation). We have developed a new prototype and have efficiently applied this hybrid technology to water disinfection and the complete degradation of methanol in water with the aim of demonstrating its scalability. We have analyzed the mechanisms of water disinfection under the abovementioned conditions and verified them by measuring cavitation noise spectra and plasma emission spectra. We have also used the degradation of textile dyes and methanol solutions as an indicator for the formation of radicals.

We have previously described the LCGA-17 peptide as a novel anxiolytic and antidepressant candidate that acts through the α2δ VGCC (voltage-gated calcium channel) subunit with putative synergism with GABA-A receptors. The current study tested the potential efficacy of acute and chronic intranasal (i.n.) LCGA-17 (0.05 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg) in rats on predator odor-induced conditioned place aversion (POCPA), a model of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) that produce a range of behavioral and physiological changes that parallel symptoms of depression in humans. CUS and LCGA-17 treatment effects were tested in the sucrose preference (SPT) social interaction (SI), female urine sniffing (FUST), novelty-suppressed feeding (NSFT), and forced swim (FST) tests. Analysis of the catecholamines content in brain structures after CUS was carried out using HPLC. The efficacy of i.n. LCGA-17 was also assessed using the Elevated plus-maze (EPM) and FST. Acute LCGA-17 administration showed anxiolytic and antidepressant effects in EPM and FST, similar to diazepam and ketamine, respectively. In the POCPA study, LCGA-17 significantly reduced place aversion, with efficacy greater than doxazosin. After CUS, chronic LCGA-17 administration reversed stress-induced alterations in numerous behavioral tests (SI, FUST, SPT, and FST), producing significant anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. Finally, LCGA-17 restored the norepinephrine levels in the hippocampus following stress. Together, these results support the further development of the LCGA-17 peptide as a rapid-acting anxiolytic and antidepressant.

Blue honeysuckle has attracted farmers’ attention from ancient times. Honeysuckle is used as a vitamin and therapeutic product. Honeysuckle berries are rich in sweet and acids. Besides, variety of its forms gives an opportunity to create wonderful decoration in living areas of towns and cities. Honeysuckle is of great diversity and wide ecological amplitude. The paper deals with the study of productivity of honeysuckle varieties, introduced in the Republic of Tatarstan to estimate ecological tolerance to climatic conditions of the Predkamie Area of the Republic of Tatarstan. Honeysuckle berries have been assessed on fruit-weight and taste depending on meteorological conditions. The phenological observations have showed that climatic conditions promote early vegetation (09-17 of April). The period of flowering lasts 7-12 days. Berry ripeness occurred in May, 28-29 (in 2012). In 2014 it was on the 1-4 of June. The earliest berry ripeness took place on the 28-29 of May in 2012. The duration of ripening during the years of study was 6-11 days. The most productive varieties ‘Nimfa’, ‘Bakcharskaya’ and ‘Volkhova’ have been selected with productivity of 0.80-0.79 kg of berries per bush, which turned to be stable to cultivation in such soil-climatic conditions. The largest berries have been received from the varieties ‘Dlinnoplodnaya’ and ‘Nimfa’ with 0.80 and 0.79 g respectively. The berries of the varieties ‘Nimfa’ and ‘Volkhova’ possessed the most wonderful taste (5.0 points) than the variety ‘Dlinnoplodnaya’ (4.8) and the variety ‘Bakcharskaya’ (4.7).

Flexible materials, such as fabric, paper and plastic, with nanoscale particles that possess antimicrobial properties have a significant potential for the use in the healthcare sector and many other areas. The development of new antimicrobial coating formulations is an urgent topic, as such materials could reduce the risk of infection in hospitals and everyday life. To select the optimal composition, a comprehensive analysis that takes into account all the advantages and disadvantages in each specific case must be performed. In this study, we obtained an antimicrobial textile with a 100% suppression of E. coli on its surface. These CeO2 nanocoatings exhibit low toxicity, are easy to manufacture and have a high level of antimicrobial properties even at very low CeO2 concentrations. High-power ultrasonic treatment was used to coat the surface of cotton fabric with CeO2 nanoparticles.

The article analyzed the state policy for the development of rental housing. Countries were selected according to the following criterion: with a large share of housing in the property. The policy on the development of rental housing in the following countries is analyzed: Russia, Lithuania, Estonia, Bulgaria, Slovakia, Romania, Spain. Despite the statements of politicians in these countries about the interest in a civilized approach to the rental market, state projects are mostly experimental in nature and the share of investments in building social housing is very small. In a number of countries, attempts have been made to form long-term holistic concepts for the development of the rental housing market.

The article tracks the changes in the bird population during secondary succession of cleared spruce forest in SouthWestern Belarus. The field work was performed in the years 1992–2012 applying the conventional bird count methods. The study revealed that the bird species diversity in the course of succession (6 stages, 1–100 years old) increased from 10 to 59 species, overall abundance – from 137.1 to 689.5 birds/km2, overall biomass – from 3.68 to 47.70 kg/ km2. The ornithological variety included six fauna types. At the initial stages of succession the bird population comprised the European, European-Turkestan and Palaearctic types of fauna. At the stages of 50 –80 and 90 –100 years old the species structure (54.2–55.2 %) and the bird population (46.7– 49.1 % of the overall abundance; 66.0 – 66.3 % of the overall biomass) were dominated by the Palaearctic types of fauna.

Pemphigus vulgaris is a chronic autoimmune bullous disease characterized by the formation of blisters on the skin and/ or mucous tunics as a result of acantholysis. To search for new molecular and biological targets, study pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease development and develop new methods of treatment, it is urgent to create an experimental model of pemphigus in laboratory animals reproducing clinical, histological and immunological signs of pemphigus. Goal of the study. To develop an experimental model of pemphigus by injecting IgG produced from the blood serum taken from patients with pemphigus to neonatal mice of the BALB/c inbred line. Results. Accumulated IgG products taken from patients with pemphigus (main groups) and healthy volunteers (control group) were injected intraperitoneally to neonatal mice of the BALB/с in the doses of 10-30 mg per mouse. Clinical, histological and immunomorphological signs of pemphigus were revealed in the mice from the main group, which received intraperitoneal injections of IgG taken from patients with pemphigus in the dose of 30 mg per mouse. No signs of pemphigus were observed in the mice from the control group, which received injections of IgG taken from healthy people. This study confirms the role of pemphigus autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of pemphigus vulgaris and shows that passive transmission of antibodies to laboratory animals is possible.

The article discusses clinical indices suggested for the assessment of the severity of the course of autoimmune bullous dermatosis - pemphigus. These indices make it possible to assess the severity of the disease in view of the localization and prevalence of blisters and/or erosions and patient’s subjective sensations as well as efficacy of the therapy, and to compare the study results. In spite of the great number of indices suggested for the assessment of the severity of pemphigus, none of them are generally recognized. The following indices are currently considered as the best known and most convenient for application in clinical practice: Pemphigus Disease Area Index (PDAI), Autoimmune Bullous Skin Disorder Intensity Score (ABSIS) and Pemphigus Vulgaris Activity Score (PVAS). A number of studies demonstrated mutual correlation among ABSIS, PDAI and PVAS. However, the group of patients under examination mainly comprised people suffering from light to moderate forms of pemphigus, which makes it difficult to interpret the results of comparative studies. It is expedient for leading dermatovenerologists to carry out clinical studies based on a large group of patients with pemphigus of different severity to elaborate a common tool to assess the severity of pemphigus in the Russian Federation to be recommended by the Russian Society of Dermatovenerologists.

Alpha cells of pancreatic islets constitute the second largest population of pancreatic endocrinocytes, and the glucagon synthesized in them plays an important role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. At the same time, glucagon-suppressive therapy is defined as the strategically main source of success of therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In clinical practice, diabetes is often associated with hypertension in the metabolic syndrome, which causes interest in the pathophysiology of α-endocrinocytes. The aim of the study was to investigate the distribution parameters of α-cells in the pancreatic islets of SHR and to characterize the morphological and functional state of glucagon-synthesizing endocrinocytes Materials and methods. In the histological sections of the pancreas, glucagon was detected by the immunofluorescence method; the area of pancreatic islets, as well as the number of α-cells in them, the concentration of immunoreactive glucagon in these cells, the specific indices of the distribution of islets, α-cells and glucagon per unit area of the gland. The results were processed with a package of statistical programs, to assess the reliability of the differences in the groups, the Student’s t-test and the Wilcoxon W-test were used. Results. In normoglycemic SHR, the number of islets containing glucagon-synthesizing α-cells was 10% more (p

Major stages of the pathogenesis of true acantholytic pemphigus are interpreted in terms of autoimmune pathology; therefore, treatment of this group of diseases remains pathogenetic and is aimed at suppressing the synthesis of autoantibodies against keratinocyte proteins. Treatment with the use of systemic glucocorticosteroids is currently the main method of treatment for true acantholytic pemphigus. To reduce the course dose of glucocorticosteroids, decrease the risk of adverse effect development and achieve long-term remission, further studies of disease pathogenesis and development of new treatment methods for reducing the doses of glucocorticosteroids are of great importance.

True (acantholytic) pemphigus is an autoimmune disease characterized by blisters and erosions in the skin and/or mucous tunics. True (acantholytic) pemphigus can be diagnosed based on an assessment of clinical manifestations and results of cytology, histology and immunology tests. The current diagnostics methods are characterized by certain advantages and shortcomings yet none of them has 100% sensitivity and specificity. To diagnose pemphigus, a complex of studies is needed taking into consideration the body of clinical symptoms and laboratory indices.

Aim. To determine the prevalence of amp1q21 and its relationship to the clinical manifestations of multiple myeloma (MM). Subjects and methods. In December 2009 to March 2016, a total 134 patients aged 30 to 81 years (median 57 years) underwent a pretreatment FISH-study of bone marrow (BM) with centromeric and locus-specific DNA probes to identify amp1q21, t(11;14), t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20), t(6;14), trisomies of chromosomes 5, 9, 15, del13q14, del17p13/TP53, and t(8q24)/cMYC. Induction therapy with bortezomib-containing cycles was performed. Autologous stem cell transplantation was carried out in 48 patients. The median follow-up of patients was 19.3 months (3.2—77.4 months). Disease progression was diagnosed in 69 (51.5%) patients; 12 patients also underwent FISH study during disease progression. Results. At the onset of MM, amp1q21 was detected in 53 (39.6%) patients. The overall 5-year survival rate in patients with amp1q21 was almost 2 times lower than that in those without amp1q21 (43.5 and 79.4%, respectively; p=0.07). The overall 5-year survival rate in patients with one extra copy of 1q21 (only 3 copies) was 67.3%, that in those with 2 or more extra copies of 1q21 (only 4—7 copies) was 20.9% (p=0.0016). Nine (75%) of the 12 patients examined during disease progression were found to have amp1q21: 2 cases were detected in the period of progression to have amp1q21 in its absence at disease onset; 7 cases had amp1q21 both at MM onset and progression; however, the number of copies of 1q21 was unchanged. Conclusion. Аmp1q21 is one of the most common chromosomal abnormalities in patients with new-onset MM and may appear in the course of disease progression. The presence of аmp1q21 is an important prognostic factor and must have to be included in the diagnostic study both at disease onset and progression.

Aim. To estimate the frequency of lesions in the organ of vision in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) (Wegener’s) and to determine their relationship to systemic diseases. Subjects and methods. The retrospective study enrolled 218 patients followed up at the E.M. Tareyev Clinic of Nephrology, Internal and Occupational Diseases, with a diagnosis of GPA. The frequency and association of ophthalmic manifestations with systemic involvement were statistically analyzed using PASW Statistics 18. Results. The organ of vision was impaired in 48.1% of the patients with GPA. The most common manifestations were orbital space-occupying lesion (22.9%), conjunctivitis/episcleritis (14.7%), dacryocystitis (6.0%), and scleritis (4.6%). Orbital space-occupying lesions occurred more frequently in the local type of the disease (p=0.0003), and, on the contrary, the involvement of the conjunctiva and eyeball was seen in patients with the systemic types of GPA (p=0.02). Conclusion. The findings may suggest that the orbital lesion is an independent manifestation of GPA, which develops more commonly in its local type. Conjunctivitis/episcleritis is, on the contrary, more frequently seen in the active phase of the disease and generally in the involvement of other organs and systems.

BODIPY dyes are photostable neutral derivatives of 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene. These are widely used as chemosensors, laser materials, and molecular probes. At the same time, BODIPY dyes have small or moderate Stokes shifts like most other fluorophores. Large Stokes shifts are preferred for fluorophores because of higher sensitivity of such probes and sensors. The new boron containing BODIPY dye was designed and synthesized. We succeeded to perform an annulation of pyrrole ring with coumarin heterocyclic system and achieved a remarkable difference in absorption and emission maximum of obtained fluorophore up to 100 nm. This BODIPY dye was equipped with linker arm and was functionalized with a maleimide residue specifically reactive towards thiol groups of proteins. BODIPY residue equipped with a suitable targeting protein core can be used as a suitable imaging probe and agent for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). As the most abundant protein with a variety of physiological functions, human serum albumin (HSA) has been used extensively for the delivery and improvement of therapeutic molecules. Thiolactone chemistry provides a powerful tool to prepare albumin-based multimodal constructions. The released sulfhydryl groups of the homocysteine functional handle in thiolactone modified HSA were labeled with BODIPY dye to prepare a labeled albumin-BODIPY dye conjugate confirmed by MALDI-TOF-MS, UV-vis, and fluorescent emission spectra. Cytotoxicity of the resulting conjugate was investigated. This study is the basis for a novel BODIPY dye-albumin theranostic for BNCT. The results provide further impetus to develop derivatives of HSA for delivery of boron to cancer cells.

The control of b-cells pool in patients with hypertension is an actual problem, as it is possible that the hereditary genetic defects of arterial hypertension formation may affect the mechanisms of endocrine cell mass maintenance in pancreas and cause disruption of glucose metabolism and diabetes. In addition, violation of cytoarchitectonics of pancreatic islets may affect the adequate insulin secretion by the pancreas. This could be provoked by regional blood flow violations in patients with hypertension. The aim of our study was to assess the parameters of the allocation of pancreatic islets and characterize the b-cells morphofunctional state in SHR. Materials and methods. We assessed the amount of b-cells in islets, the concentration of immunoreactive material in them, specific indexes of allocation of islets, b-cells and insulin per unit area using immunohistochemical assay. Results were processed by statistical application package. We used Student’s t-test and Wilcoxon’s w-test when appropriate. Results and discussion. In normoglycemic SHR about 80 % of pancreatic islets are small islets, whereas in normotensive Wistar rats the portion of small islets is less than 45 %. In SHR rats we found the 1/3 decrease of b-cells in islets with area less than 1500 µm2, and 2-fold decrease in islets with area 3500–7500 µm2; decrease of specific amount of b-cells (12,4 % compared with Wistar) and insulin contain (3-fold compared with Wistar). Conclusions: Formation of hereditary hypertension in SHR is accompanied by remodeling of the insular apparatus of pancreas with prevailing of small and middle-sized islets, 2-fold decrease of amount of pancreatic islets and 8-fold decrease of b-cells cell amount. In normoglycemic SHR we found a middle b-cells hypertrophy and increased concentration of insulin. Herewith the specific insulin contain is 3-fold less in hypertensive compared with normotensive rats due to decrease of b-cells cell pool.

This article is dedicated to applicability justification as well as advantages and disadvantages analysis of discrete models in population dynamics. Discretization is the process of transferring continuous functions, models, and equations into discrete counterparts. We consider how temporal, spatial and structural discretization can be applied for solving typical issues in mathematical ecology, and try to estimate corresponding models adequacy and applicability limitations.

Extramedullary lesions in multiple myeloma occur on the extension of neoplastic plasma cells outside the cortical bone. On the local tumor growth the extramedullary mass are found most commonly in vertebrae, ribs, sternum and skull. Single or multiple malignant mass can be found in the skin, liver, breast, kidney and lymph nodes via hematogenous spread of the malignant plasma cells. Incidence of extramedullary lesions in multiple myeloma patients is 7 to 18% at MM diagnosis and up from 2.3 to 20% at relapse or progression. In the last decade, we noted the increase of extramedullary lesions diagnosis at the beginning of the disease that was associated with the wide use of modern x-ray diagnostic methods. Thus, in 2009 the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) recommended undergoing the magnetic resonance imaging scans of the spine and pelvis, especially in the absence of osteolytic lesions according to the results of x-ray study. The results of computer tomography allow more accurately find the localization and the sizes of extramedullary mass. Nowadays, it is widely discussed the advantages of positron emission tomography using not only at the beginning of the disease, but also during the treatment, assessing anti-tumour response. The application of standard therapy in case of extramedullary plasmocytomas at the beginning of MM is associated with the reduction of both overall and progression-free survival. Several articles indicate the high efficiency of the programs including bortezomib, there are also some reports concerning the successful application of lenalidomide and pomalidomide in the treatment of MM associated with presence of extramedullary plasmocytomas.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), formerly earlier known as Wegener’s granulomatosis, is primary systemic necrotizing vasculitis of small and medium-sized vessels, which is characterized by the formation of foci of granulomatous inflammation. One of the target organs in GPA is the organ of vision. Its affection may not only reduce quality of life, but also may lead to the severest complications even to a fatal outcome. The affection varies in severity from slight inflammation of the ocular superficial structures to severe involvement of all orbital and ocular structures to develop complete blindness, including bilateral one. GPA can affect any portion of the organ of vision. The changes are low specific, which makes early diagnosis and timely adequate therapy difficult. Overall, all ophthalmologic manifestations can be divided into 4 groups: 1) lesions of the orbit and appendages; 2) those of the conjunctiva and fibrous tunic of the eyeball; 3) those of the retina; 4) those of the optic nerve. Orbital affection is characterized by the development of granulomas, dacryoadenitis with marked inflammatory infiltration of the surrounding tissues, including oculomotor muscles, and destruction of orbital bony walls. Nonspecific conjunctivitis and episcleritis are commonly encountered. Affection of the fibrous tunic of the eyeball is characterized by the development of necrotizing scleritis, peripheral ulcerative or stromal keratitis. The retina is rarely involved and mainly described as sporadic cases in the literature. The optic nerve is most commonly damaged due to the compression of the orbit by inflamed tissue; the lesion is more infrequently ischemic.

Considering the fact, that pancreatic beta cells are responsible for production of all insulin needed to maintain the glucose homeostasis, the problem of beta cells pull control in patients with hypertension is rather topical. It cannot be ruled, that genetical defects of congenital hypertension formation can affect the mechanisms of maintaining of the cell mass of pancreatic endocrinocytes and lead to violation of glucose metabolism and diabetes mellitus development. Moreover, the violation of cytoarchitectonics of pancreatic islets of Langerhans may lead to impairment of the insulin secretion, which can be due to local impairment of the blood circulation in patients with hypertension. The aim was to study the features of SHR islets’ distribution in pancreas. Materials and methods. The glucose blood level and the insulin concentration were measured from tail vein. The immunofluorescence analysis was made and data were processed with statistical application kit with evaluation of reliability of differences in experimental groups with Student’s t-criterion. Results. The object of current study was the animals with fasting normoglycemia and Wistar rats with 3.94 mmol/l fasting glucose level. The morphometrical assay showed 78.8% of pancreatic islets in SHR are small islets, while in Wistar rats their share is 44.3%. Noteworthy is the great amount of solely beta-cells in SHR and total absence of large islets. Conclusions. The violation of pancreas’ cytoarchitectonic and changes of islets’ distribution with prevailing of small islets with area less than 1500 µm2 were observed. Beta-cells in normoglycemic SHR were characterized with 2-fold increased concentration of immunoreactive insulin compared with normotensive Wistar rats.

Purpose: to study activity of lysozyme in the blood of month rats after acute somatic pain.Materials and methods: Experiments were conducted on white month non-linear rats. Acute somatic pain (4-5 levels of intensity) was simulated by electrocutaneous stimulation of the receptor zone of the root of the tail. The animals were decapitated and blood sampling was carried out to study the activity of lysozyme by nephelometric method after the acute somatic pain.Results: Lysozyme activity of intact month old rats which determined in the blood serum, is higher than in infants in the initial state.Summary: Lysozyme reaction to acute somatic pain in month old rats has a phase character: its activity increases, decreases and increases again.

An efficient solid-phase-supported peptide synthesis (SPPS) of morpholinoglycine oligonucleotide (MorGly) mimics has been developed. The proposed strategy includes a novel specially designed labile linker group containing the oxalyl residue and the 2-aminomethylmorpholino nucleoside analogues as first subunits.

Conjugates of 2’-deoxyguanosine, L-tryptophan and benzophenone designed to study pathways of fast radical reactions by the photo Chemically Induced Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (photo-CIDNP) method were obtained by the phosphotriester block liquid phase synthesis. The phosphotriester approach to the oligonucleotide synthesis was shown to be a versatile and economic strategy for preparing the required amount of high quality samples of nucleotide–amino acid conjugates.

Цель статьи — оценка возможного дополнительного источника дохода пенсионеров за счет имеющегося у них в собственности жилья. Рассмотрено несколько стратегий у домохозяйств пенсионеров: 1) сдача комнаты в аренду (при совместном проживании), 2) продажа квартиры и покупка меньшей (по метражу, стоимости и т. д.), 3) сдача квартиры в аренду и переезд собственника на дачу, 4) обратная ипотека. Так как аренда жилья в России относится к сфере неформальной экономики, то применялись доступные косвенные оценки (обеспеченность квадратными метрами, количество комнат на человека, наличие дачи, благоустроенность жилья). Для анализа использовались данные форумов по недвижимости, специализированные сайты по аренде недвижимости, статистические данные (РМЭЗ НИУ ВШЭ и КОУЖ). На основе проведенного анализа установлено, что лучше всего обеспечены жилой площадью одинокие пенсионеры. Также большая доля одиноких пенсионеров владеют больше чем одной комнатой на человека и имеют потенциальную возможность сдать комнату в аренду. Одинокие пенсионеры являются собственниками благоустроенного жилья и могут продать его. Возможность сдачи квартиры в аренду имеется у одиноких неработающих пенсионеров и у семей неработающих пенсионеров, так как у них есть дачи. Способ использования обратной ипотеки пока слабо развит, и спрос относительно невелик. Следовательно, потенциальные возможности распорядиться своим жильем для повышения своих доходов несколько лучше у одиноких неработающих пенсионеров.

Purpose. To study the effects of acute somatic pain on the activity of lysozyme in the blood of animals.Materials and methods. Experiments were conducted on white adult non-linear male rats. Acute somatic pain was simulated by electrocutaneous stimulation of the receptor zone of the root of the tail. The animals were decapitated and blood sampling was carried out to study the activity of lysozyme by nephelometric method after the acute somatic pain.Results. Quantity of lysozyme increased in 2 minutes and in 30 minutes after acute somatic pain. Level of lysozyme decreased to the baseline values in 60 minutes after painful stimulation. Statistically significant decline of its level was observed.Summary. Lysozyme gets involved in the algogenic process when acute pain is experienced. The reaction of lysozyme to the acute somatic pain is transient and biphasic: a rapid increase in the peripheral blood with subsequent decline below the initial values.

86 women with pelvic organs prolapse were examined, including 51 women who have undergone low level laser therapy (LLLT) before and after surgery. It was revealed that LLLT accelerates reparative processes, reduces the expectation of inflammatory complications and leads to increasing of recoveries by 15,0% and reduces period of treatment by 5 days.

Diabetes is associated with a higher incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) and increased risk for adverse vascular and fibrogenic events post-MI. Bone marrow-derived progenitor cell (BMPC) therapy has been shown to promote neovascularization, decrease infarct area and attenuate left ventricular (LV) dysfunction after MI. Unlike vascular effects, the anti-fibrosis mechanisms of BMPC, specifically under diabetic conditions, are poorly understood. We demonstrated that intramyocardial delivery of BMPCs in infarcted diabetic db/db mice significantly down-regulates profibrotic miRNA-155 in the myocardium and improves LV remodeling and function. Furthermore, inhibition of paracrine factor hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling in vivo suppressed the BMPC-mediated inhibition of miR-155 expression and the associated protective effect on cardiac fibrosis and function. In vitro studies confirmed that the conditioned media of BMPC inhibited miR-155 expression and profibrotic signaling in mouse cardiac fibroblasts under diabetic conditions. However, neutralizing antibodies directed against HGF blocked these effects. Furthermore, miR-155 over-expression in mouse cardiac fibroblasts inhibited antifibrotic Sloan-Kettering Institute proto-oncogene (Ski) and Ski-related novel gene, non-Alu-containing (SnoN) signaling and abrogated antifibrogenic response of HGF. Together, our data demonstrates that paracrine regulation of cardiac miRNAs by transplanted BMPCs contributes to the antifibrotic effects of BMPC therapy. BMPCs release HGF, which inhibits miR-155-mediated profibrosis signaling, thereby preventing cardiac fibrosis. These data suggest that targeting miR-155 might serve as a potential therapy against cardiac fibrosis in the diabetic heart.

This article shows the results of research, analysis and systematization of historical information, scientific works, and regulatory and legal documents in the subject area under consideration in order to synthesize the Concept of scientific management of sustainable development of subjects of modern domestic economy.The results of the work are based on a systematic approach and the scientific and practical experience of the authors. The results of a retro-perspective analysis of management science through the prism of scientific and technological development of Russia in the XX–XXI centuries are presented. The forecast indicators of Russia’s socio-economic development in the field of achieving technological sovereignty are shown. Theoretical and practical significance of the work done consists in the formation and presentation to the scientific and business community of promising conceptual directions of sustainable development of economic entities through the development of adaptive strategy; deployment of industry clusters; introduction and commercialization of innovative technologies; differentiated application of elements of scientific management; formation and development of social capital, taking into account the requirement of protection from cyber threats in the era of industries 4.0 and 5.0.

Background. Acquired aplastic anemia (AA) is a non-tumor disease of the blood system and the pathogenesis is based on immune dysregulation directed against own hematopoietic stem cells, which leads to the development of bone marrow aplasia. Some modern research is directed to the study of intrinsic defects of hematopoietic stem cells, and one of which is the change in telomere length. Several large studies have shown the association of telomere shortening in AA patients with decreased overall survival, poor response to immunosuppressive therapy (IST), high rates of relapse and clonal complications.Aim. To study the influence of the initial telomeric DNA regions length in AA patients on the disease course.Materials and methods. 43 adult patients with acquired AA without previous pathogenetic therapy were included in the study. IST was performed according to a standard protocol including the use of hATG and cyclosporine. Flow-FISH was used as the method for measuring relative telomere length, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used as the study material.Results. Telomere length determined before IST did not differ between non-severe and severe AA, but there were significant differences depending on disease duration (p = 0.032). Initially short telomeres correlated with a lower rate of achieving hematologic improvement (53 % vs. 80 %; p = 0.059). In addition, significantly worse results were obtained in achieving partial and complete remission in patients with initially short telomeres compared to those with initially long telomeres (37 % vs. 62 % and 5 % vs. 23 %, respectively; p

Background. Aplastic anemia (AA) is a non-tumor and rare disease of the blood system, characterized by deep pancytopenia due to the development of bone marrow aplasia with immune-mediated damage of hematopoietic stem cells. Research results indicate the presence of antigenic effects leading to pathological activation and dysregulation of the T cells in the bone marrow with increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines that damage hematopoietic stem cells. The triggering factor that initiates the cascade of immune reactions is currently unknown. The high efficiency of immunosuppressive therapy (IST), which allows achieving remission in the majority of AA patients, is evidence of the immune genesis of the disease. The pathogenesis of AA is currently being actively studied. The participation of T cell subpopulations in immune response is beyond doubt, but the issues of their significance in the AA pathogenesis have not been fully studied. A more detailed understanding of the AA development mechanisms is necessary for the development of long-term effective treatment.Aim. To investigate the T cells subpopulation in bone marrow of AA patients during IST.Materials and methods. The study included 41 patients over 18 years of age with newly diagnosed acquired AA without previous IST. Treatment was carried out according to a protocol including horse antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporine. Flow cytometry was used to detect T cell subpopulations. Bone marrow examination was performed at three time points: initially, 3 and 6 months after initiation of combined IST.Results. Multidirectional changes in the T cell subpopulations ratio before the start of IST were found in all AA patients included in the prospective study: most patients had a higher proportion of effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (61 and 83 % of patients, respectively), memory CD4+ T cells (63 % of patients), and a lower proportion of naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (81 and 51 % of patients, respectively) compared to donors (p