446 results on '"P. S. Chang"'
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2. Effects of Times of Repetition, Text Features, and Vocabulary Knowledge on EFL Learners' Oral Reading Rates
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Anna C-S Chang
- Abstract
This study investigated the effects of assisted oral reading on EFL learners' oral reading rates and took into account repetition times, passage features (length and type), and language proficiency. Forty-nine students from a university of technology took part in a 27-week oral reading program. Teaching assistants were assigned to assist individual students' oral reading and offered immediate feedback for their performance. Students read a total of 27 texts, one per week. The texts involved 9 short- and 9 long-conversational texts, and 9 monologic texts. Each text was read six times and the time for each oral reading was recorded. The collected data were analyzed with HLM. The dependent variable was students' oral reading rates, and three fixed factors were repetition times, text features, and students' language proficiency. The results showed that students' oral reading rates significantly improved with times of repetition increased. Text length (shorter or longer) did not affect students' oral reading rates but text types (conversational vs. monologic) did. Higher-level students read significantly more fluently than those in the lower-level. Implication of the study results was discussed.
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- 2024
3. Validation of GEMS tropospheric NO2 columns and their diurnal variation with ground-based DOAS measurements
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K. Lange, A. Richter, T. Bösch, B. Zilker, M. Latsch, L. K. Behrens, C. M. Okafor, H. Bösch, J. P. Burrows, A. Merlaud, G. Pinardi, C. Fayt, M. M. Friedrich, E. Dimitropoulou, M. Van Roozendael, S. Ziegler, S. Ripperger-Lukosiunaite, L. Kuhn, B. Lauster, T. Wagner, H. Hong, D. Kim, L.-S. Chang, K. Bae, C.-K. Song, J.-U. Park, and H. Lee
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Environmental engineering ,TA170-171 ,Earthwork. Foundations ,TA715-787 - Abstract
Instruments for air quality observations on geostationary satellites provide multiple observations per day and allow for the analysis of the diurnal variation in important air pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The South Korean instrument GEMS (Geostationary Environmental Monitoring Spectrometer), launched in February 2020, is the first geostationary instrument that is able to observe the diurnal variation in NO2. The measurements have a spatial resolution of 3.5 km × 8 km and cover a large part of Asia. This study compares 1 year of tropospheric NO2 vertical column density (VCD) observations from the operational GEMS L2 product, the scientific GEMS IUP-UB (Institute of Environmental Physics at the University of Bremen) product, the operational TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) product, and ground-based differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) measurements in South Korea. The GEMS L2 tropospheric NO2 VCDs overestimate the ground-based tropospheric NO2 VCDs with a median relative difference of +61 % and a correlation coefficient of 0.76. The median relative difference is −2 % for the GEMS IUP-UB product and −16 % for the TROPOMI product, with correlation coefficients of 0.83 and 0.89, respectively. The scatter in the GEMS products can be reduced when observations are limited to the TROPOMI overpass time. Diurnal variations in tropospheric NO2 VCDs differ by the pollution level of the analyzed site but with good agreement between the GEMS IUP-UB and ground-based observations. Low-pollution sites show weak or almost no diurnal variation. In summer, the polluted sites show a minimum around noon, indicating the large influence of photochemical loss. Most variation is seen in spring and autumn, with increasing NO2 in the morning, a maximum close to noon, and a decrease towards the afternoon. Winter observations show rather flat or slightly decreasing NO2 throughout the day. Winter observations under low-wind-speed conditions at high-pollution sites show enhancements of NO2 throughout the day. This indicates that under calm conditions, dilution and the less effective chemical loss in winter do not balance the accumulating emissions. Diurnal variation observed at a low-pollution site follows seasonal wind patterns. A weekday–weekend effect analysis shows good agreement between the different products. However, the GEMS L2 product, while agreeing with the other data sets on weekdays, shows significantly less reduction on weekends. The influence of the stratospheric contribution and the surface reflectivity product on the satellite tropospheric NO2 VCD products is investigated. While the TM5 model's stratospheric VCDs, used in the TROPOMI product, are too high, resulting in tropospheric NO2 VCDs that are too low and even negative, when used in the GEMS IUP-UB retrieval, the GEMS L2 stratospheric VCD is too low. Surface reflectivity comparisons indicate that the GEMS L2 reflectivity makes a large contribution to the observed overestimation and scatter.
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- 2024
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4. Helping Mentors Address Scientific Communication in STEM Research Training Helps Their Mentees Stay the Course
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C. Cameron, H. Y. Lee, C. B. Anderson, E. K. Dahlstrom, and S. Chang
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Scientific communication (SC) has important social-cognitive, behavioral, and career-related benefits for emerging researchers, but both mentors and mentees find development of SC skills challenging. Whether training mentors to effectively mentor development of SC skills could have a meaningful impact on mentees was not clear. The Scientific Communication Advances Research Excellence (SCOARE) project has conducted faculty training workshops in techniques for mentoring SC skills since 2018. To study indirect workshop effects of mentors' attendance at the SCOARE workshop on their matched PhD and postdoctoral mentees (N = 477), we surveyed mentees before and 6 months after their mentors attended and measured their social-psychological and behavioral outcomes. To examine the effectiveness of the workshop and to explore whether workshop effects vary based on mentee demographic characteristics, including home language variety (speaker of standardized English [STE], non-standardized English [NSTE], or another language [L2]), we conducted multilevel models. After adjusting baseline scores, mentees of mentors who attended SCOARE workshops (W +) were more engaged in speaking activities ([beta] =0 .30, p = 0.016), had higher science identity ([beta] = 0.20, p = 0.048), and were less likely to reconsider their career due to SC skills ([beta] = -- 0.39, p = 0.004) than mentees in the W-- group. Across demographic groups, mentees of mentors who attended SCOARE workshops showed similar improvements in SC outcomes. Postdoctoral mentees, compared to doctoral mentees, had higher science identity and lower intention to pursue a non-research-intensive career. Comparing mentees of the 3 categories of home language variety, both the NSTE and L2 groups, compared to the STE group, were more likely to reconsider their careers due to SC skills and had a higher intention to pursue non-research-intensive careers both at baseline and post-workshop, suggesting the possibility of language background as a barrier to mentee career progression. Mentor training for SC skill development can improve social-psychological and behavioral outcomes for mentees, including science identity, frequency of speaking, and reconsideration of research careers due to concerns about SC.
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- 2024
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5. The Effect of Listening Instruction on the Development of L2 Learners' Listening Competence: A Meta-Analysis
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Anna C-S Chang
- Abstract
This study synthesized the research on listening instruction (LI) and its effectiveness on L2 learners' listening competence development based on studies published from 1980 to 2019. After a literature search, well-designed studies that involved not only experimental or quasi-experimental and control groups but also pretests and posttests were selected for the analysis. A total of 39 samples from 32 primary studies with 2,797 participants were included. A random-effect model was employed to assess the differences in the treatment effect, which might be moderated by mediator variables: treatment length, treatment method, implementation types, and measurement types. The result showed a small effect size (Cohen's d = 0.25) for listening instruction. Meta-regression for treatment length showed that the longer the treatment period is, the better the effectiveness is. A significant difference was found for implementation types, but not so for the treatment methods and measurement types. Pedagogical implications for LI are discussed, and directions for future studies are provided.
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- 2024
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6. Rethinking First Language-Second Language Similarities and Differences in English Proficiency: Insights from the ENglish Reading Online (ENRO) Project
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Noam Siegelman, Irina Elgort, Marc Brysbaert, Niket Agrawal, Simona Amenta, Jasmina Arsenijevic Mijalkovic, Christine S. Chang, Daria Chernova, Fabienne Chetail, A. J. Benjamin Clarke, Alain Content, Davide Crepaldi, Nastag Davaabold, Shurentsetseg Delgersuren, Avital Deutsch, Veronika Dibrova, Denis Drieghe, Dušica Filipovic Ðurdevic, Brittany Finch, Ram Frost, Carolina A. Gattei, Esther Geva, Aline Godfroid, Lindsay Griener, Esteban Hernández-Rivera, Anastasia Ivanenko, Juhani Järvikivi, Lea Kawaletz, Anurag Khare, Jun Ren Lee, Charlotte E. Lee, Christina Manouilidou, Marco Marelli, Timur Mashanlo, Ksenija Mišic, Koji Miwa, Pauline Palma, Ingo Plag, Zoya Rezanova, Enkhzaya Riim, Jay Rueckl, Sascha Schroeder, Irina A. Sekerina, Diego E. Shalom, Natalia Slioussar, Neža Marija Slosar, Vanessa Taler, Kim Thériault, Debra Titone, Odonchimeg Tumee, Ross van de Wetering, Ark Verma, Anna Fiona Weiss, Denise Hsien Wu, and Victor Kuperman
- Abstract
This article presents the ENglish Reading Online (ENRO) project that offers data on English reading and listening comprehension from 7,338 university-level advanced learners and native speakers of English representing 19 countries. The database also includes estimates of reading rate and seven component skills of English, including vocabulary, spelling, and grammar, as well as rich demographic and language background data. We first demonstrate high reliability for ENRO tests and their convergent validity with existing meta-analyses. We then provide a bird's-eye view of first (L1) and second (L2) language comparisons and examine the relative role of various predictors of reading and listening comprehension and reading speed. Across analyses, we found substantially more overlap than differences between L1 and L2 speakers, suggesting that English reading proficiency is best considered across a continuum of skill, ability, and experiences spanning L1 and L2 speakers alike. We end by providing pointers for how researchers can mine ENRO data for future studies.
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- 2024
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7. Empowering Black Youth: Insights from the Books 2 Basketball Program on Career and Academic Development
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Sam Steen, Hung-Ling Liu, and Melissa S. Chang
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In this article we describe the Books 2 Basketball (B2B) program created by a school counselor for Black youth along with some preliminary outcomes examined after its implementation. This program was not evaluated for effectiveness but to determine if the program was feasible and to share feedback from some of the participants. The B2B program is facilitated after-school and geared toward exposing Black youth to college preparatory dialogue using the development of basketball and academic skills. The overarching goal of this program is to promote students' potential for academic success, which enhances post-secondary options, by teaching children basic basketball and basic arithmetic/mathematical skills (i.e., how to calculate fractions, percentages, decimals, and ratios). The feedback from the student participants provides implications for the use of sport and recreation-related programs to promote their learning, career development, and physical health. We conclude this article with implications for research, practice, and policy for educators unveiling the brilliance of Black/African American youth.
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- 2023
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8. Mini-Reactor Proliferation-Resistant Fuel with Burnable Gadolinia in Once-Through Operation Cycle Performance Verification
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John D. Bess, Gray S. Chang, Patrick Moo, and Julie Foster
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LEU+ ,237Np ,238Pu ,proliferation-resistant fuel ,reactor design ,small modular reactor ,Nuclear engineering. Atomic power ,TK9001-9401 - Abstract
A miniature nuclear reactor is desirable for deployment as a localized nuclear power station in support of a carbon-free power supply. Coupling aspects of proliferation-resistant fuel with natural burnable absorber loading are evaluated for once-through operation cycle performance to minimize the need for refueling and fuel shuffling operations. The incorporation of 0.075 wt.% 237Np provides favorable plutonium isotopic vectors throughout an operational lifetime of 5.5 years. providing 35 MWe. Core performance was assessed using a verification-by-comparison approach for core designs with or without 237Np and/or gadolinia burnable absorber. Burnup Monte Carlo calculations were performed via MCOS coupling of MCNP and ORIGEN to an achievable burnup of ~62.5 GWd/t. The results demonstrate a minimal penalty to reactor performance due to the addition of these materials as compared against the reference design. Coupling of a proliferation-resistant fuel concept with a uniform loading of natural gadolinia burnable absorber for LEU+ fuel (7.5 wt.% 235U/U UO2) provides favorable excess reactivity considerations with minimized concerns for additional residual waste and more uniform distribution of un-depleted 235U in discharged fuel assemblies.
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- 2024
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9. Improving genetic risk modeling of dementia from real-world data in underrepresented populations
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Mingzhou Fu, Leopoldo Valiente-Banuet, Satpal S. Wadhwa, Bogdan Pasaniuc, Keith Vossel, and Timothy S. Chang
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Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Abstract Genetic risk modeling for dementia offers significant benefits, but studies based on real-world data, particularly for underrepresented populations, are limited. We employ an Elastic Net model for dementia risk prediction using single-nucleotide polymorphisms prioritized by functional genomic data from multiple neurodegenerative disease genome-wide association studies. We compare this model with APOE and polygenic risk score models across genetic ancestry groups (Hispanic Latino American sample: 610 patients with 126 cases; African American sample: 440 patients with 84 cases; East Asian American sample: 673 patients with 75 cases), using electronic health records from UCLA Health for discovery and the All of Us cohort for validation. Our model significantly outperforms other models across multiple ancestries, improving the area-under-precision-recall curve by 31–84% (Wilcoxon signed-rank test p-value
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- 2024
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10. Whole-genome sequencing analysis reveals new susceptibility loci and structural variants associated with progressive supranuclear palsy
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Hui Wang, Timothy S. Chang, Beth A. Dombroski, Po-Liang Cheng, Vishakha Patil, Leopoldo Valiente-Banuet, Kurt Farrell, Catriona Mclean, Laura Molina-Porcel, Alex Rajput, Peter Paul De Deyn, Nathalie Le Bastard, Marla Gearing, Laura Donker Kaat, John C. Van Swieten, Elise Dopper, Bernardino F. Ghetti, Kathy L. Newell, Claire Troakes, Justo G. de Yébenes, Alberto Rábano-Gutierrez, Tina Meller, Wolfgang H. Oertel, Gesine Respondek, Maria Stamelou, Thomas Arzberger, Sigrun Roeber, Ulrich Müller, Franziska Hopfner, Pau Pastor, Alexis Brice, Alexandra Durr, Isabelle Le Ber, Thomas G. Beach, Geidy E. Serrano, Lili-Naz Hazrati, Irene Litvan, Rosa Rademakers, Owen A. Ross, Douglas Galasko, Adam L. Boxer, Bruce L. Miller, Willian W. Seeley, Vivanna M. Van Deerlin, Edward B. Lee, Charles L. White, Huw Morris, Rohan de Silva, John F. Crary, Alison M. Goate, Jeffrey S. Friedman, Yuk Yee Leung, Giovanni Coppola, Adam C. Naj, Li-San Wang, P. S. P. genetics study group, Clifton Dalgard, Dennis W. Dickson, Günter U. Höglinger, Gerard D. Schellenberg, Daniel H. Geschwind, and Wan-Ping Lee
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Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) ,Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS) ,Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) ,Structural Variants (SVs) ,Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 ,Geriatrics ,RC952-954.6 - Abstract
Abstract Background Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a rare neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of aggregated tau proteins in astrocytes, neurons, and oligodendrocytes. Previous genome-wide association studies for PSP were based on genotype array, therefore, were inadequate for the analysis of rare variants as well as larger mutations, such as small insertions/deletions (indels) and structural variants (SVs). Method In this study, we performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) and conducted association analysis for single nucleotide variants (SNVs), indels, and SVs, in a cohort of 1,718 cases and 2,944 controls of European ancestry. Of the 1,718 PSP individuals, 1,441 were autopsy-confirmed and 277 were clinically diagnosed. Results Our analysis of common SNVs and indels confirmed known genetic loci at MAPT, MOBP, STX6, SLCO1A2, DUSP10, and SP1, and further uncovered novel signals in APOE, FCHO1/MAP1S, KIF13A, TRIM24, TNXB, and ELOVL1. Notably, in contrast to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), we observed the APOE ε2 allele to be the risk allele in PSP. Analysis of rare SNVs and indels identified significant association in ZNF592 and further gene network analysis identified a module of neuronal genes dysregulated in PSP. Moreover, seven common SVs associated with PSP were observed in the H1/H2 haplotype region (17q21.31) and other loci, including IGH, PCMT1, CYP2A13, and SMCP. In the H1/H2 haplotype region, there is a burden of rare deletions and duplications (P = 6.73 × 10–3) in PSP. Conclusions Through WGS, we significantly enhanced our understanding of the genetic basis of PSP, providing new targets for exploring disease mechanisms and therapeutic interventions.
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- 2024
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11. Bile acids differentially regulate longitudinal smooth muscle contractility in everted mouse ileum
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Peace N. Dike, Krishnakant G. Soni, Diana S. Chang, and Geoffrey A. Preidis
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Gpbar1 protein, mouse ,receptors, cytoplasmic and nuclear ,receptors, muscarinic ,smooth muscle ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Abstract Bile acids regulate gastrointestinal motility by mechanisms that are poorly understood. Standard isolated tissue bath assays might not recapitulate in vivo physiology if contractile responses to certain bile acids require direct application to the intestinal mucosa. We sought to determine the feasibility of quantifying longitudinal smooth muscle contractile responses to bile acids from intact segments of everted mouse ileum. Ileum from adult female C57BL/6J mice was isolated, gently everted over a notched metal rod, and mounted in tissue baths. Individual bile acids and agonists of bile acid receptors were added to the baths, and longitudinal smooth muscle contractile responses were quantified by isometric force transduction. Ursodeoxycholic acid robustly increased contractile responses in a dose‐dependent manner. Deoxycholic acid stimulated contractility at low doses but inhibited contractility at high doses. Chenodeoxycholic acid, glycocholic acid, and lithocholic acid did not alter contractility. The dose‐dependent increase in contractility resulting from the application of ursodeoxycholic acid was recapitulated by INT‐777, an agonist of the Takeda G protein‐coupled receptor 5 (TGR5), and by cevimeline, a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. Agonists to the nuclear receptors farnesoid X receptor, glucocorticoid receptor, pregnane X receptor, vitamin D receptor, and to the plasma membrane epidermal growth factor receptor did not modify baseline contractile patterns. These results demonstrate that gentle eversion of intact mouse ileum facilitates the quantification of longitudinal smooth muscle contractile responses to individual bile acids. Prokinetic effects of ursodeoxycholic acid and low‐dose deoxycholic acid are replicated by agonists to TGR5 and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
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- 2024
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12. EventLFM: event camera integrated Fourier light field microscopy for ultrafast 3D imaging
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Ruipeng Guo, Qianwan Yang, Andrew S. Chang, Guorong Hu, Joseph Greene, Christopher V. Gabel, Sixian You, and Lei Tian
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Applied optics. Photonics ,TA1501-1820 ,Optics. Light ,QC350-467 - Abstract
Abstract Ultrafast 3D imaging is indispensable for visualizing complex and dynamic biological processes. Conventional scanning-based techniques necessitate an inherent trade-off between acquisition speed and space-bandwidth product (SBP). Emerging single-shot 3D wide-field techniques offer a promising alternative but are bottlenecked by the synchronous readout constraints of conventional CMOS systems, thus restricting data throughput to maintain high SBP at limited frame rates. To address this, we introduce EventLFM, a straightforward and cost-effective system that overcomes these challenges by integrating an event camera with Fourier light field microscopy (LFM), a state-of-the-art single-shot 3D wide-field imaging technique. The event camera operates on a novel asynchronous readout architecture, thereby bypassing the frame rate limitations inherent to conventional CMOS systems. We further develop a simple and robust event-driven LFM reconstruction algorithm that can reliably reconstruct 3D dynamics from the unique spatiotemporal measurements captured by EventLFM. Experimental results demonstrate that EventLFM can robustly reconstruct fast-moving and rapidly blinking 3D fluorescent samples at kHz frame rates. Furthermore, we highlight EventLFM’s capability for imaging of blinking neuronal signals in scattering mouse brain tissues and 3D tracking of GFP-labeled neurons in freely moving C. elegans. We believe that the combined ultrafast speed and large 3D SBP offered by EventLFM may open up new possibilities across many biomedical applications.
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- 2024
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13. Multicenter prospective blinded melanoma detection study with a handheld elastic scattering spectroscopy deviceCapsule Summary
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Rebecca I. Hartman, MD, MPH, Nicole Trepanowski, MD, Michael S. Chang, MD, Kelly Tepedino, MD, Christopher Gianacas, MBiostat, Jennifer M. McNiff, MD, Maxwell Fung, MD, Naiara Fraga Braghiroli, MD, PhD, and Jane M. Grant-Kels, MD
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AI ,artificial intelligence ,automated ,biopsy ,DermaSensor ,DERM-ASSESS III ,Dermatology ,RL1-803 - Abstract
Background: The elastic scattering spectroscopy (ESS) device (DermaSensor Inc., Miami, FL) is a noninvasive, painless, adjunctive tool for skin cancer detection. Objectives: To investigate the performance of the ESS device in the detection of melanoma. Methods: A prospective, investigator-blinded, multicenter study was conducted at 8 United States (US) and 2 Australian sites. All eligible skin lesions were clinically concerning for melanoma, examined with the ESS device, subsequently biopsied according to dermatologists’ standard of care, and evaluated with histopathology. A total of 311 participants with 440 lesions were enrolled, including 44 melanomas (63.6% in situ and 36.4% invasive) and 44 severely dysplastic nevi. Results: The observed sensitivity of the ESS device for melanoma detection was 95.5% (95% CI, 84.5% to 98.8%, 42 of 44 melanomas), and the observed specificity was 32.5% (95% CI, 27.2% to 38.3%). The positive and negative predictive values were 16.0% and 98.1%, respectively. Limitations: The device was tested in a high-risk population with lesions selected for biopsy based on clinical and dermoscopic assessments of board-certified dermatologists. Most enrolled lesions were pigmented. Conclusion: The ESS device’s high sensitivity and NPV for the detection of melanoma suggest the device may be a useful adjunctive, point-of-care tool for melanoma detection.
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- 2024
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14. Pretreatment Quality of Life and Substance Use Among Patients Diagnosed With Head and Neck Cancer
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Eric Adjei Boakye, Sami I. Nassar, Suma J. Alzouhayli, Amy M. Williams, Steven S. Chang, Tamer A. Ghanem, Marissa Gilbert, Suhael Momin, Farzan Siddiqui, Vivian F. Wu, and Samantha H. Tam
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cannabis use ,FACT‐HN ,head and neck cancer ,illicit drug use ,quality of life ,substance abuse ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
ABSTRACT Background There is a paucity of research on the effects of commonly used substances, such as cannabis and other drugs, on quality of life as a contributor to head and neck cancer (HNC) prognosis. We examined associations between non‐alcohol or tobacco substance use (cannabis and other illicit drug) and self‐reported quality of life in patients with HNC prior to starting treatment. Methods This was a cross‐sectional study of patients who presented for routine psych‐oncologevaluation prior to treatment between 11/2015 and 9/2022. Primary exposures were cannabis use (never, past, or current users) and current illicit drug use (yes/no). The primary outcome measure was the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—Head and Neck (FACT‐HN) subscales (physical, social/family, functional and emotional). Linear regression models examined associations between pretreatment substance use and FACT‐HN subscales adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical factors. Results Of 570 patients, 13.9% endorsed current cannabis and 13.9% current illicit drug use. The mean (SD) scores for FACT‐HN subscales were physical well‐being = 22.8 (5.0), social well‐being = 22.7 (5.5), emotional well‐being = 17.5 (4.5), and functional well‐being = 18.7 (6.9). In the adjusted models, cannabis use was not independently associated with any FACT‐HN subscales. However, patients who currently used illicit drugs reported worse emotional well‐being (β = −1.32; 95% CI −2.45 to −0.20). No independent association was found between current illicit drug use and other subscales (physical, social, and functional). Conclusions Illicit drug use, but not cannabis use, is negatively associated with pretreatment emotional well‐being in patients with HNC. Further research exploring the relationships between longitudinal cannabis and illicit drug use and methods of consumption on QoL and cancer outcomes in patients with head and neck cancer is warranted.
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- 2024
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15. Beyond Statins: Novel Lipid-Lowering Agents for Reducing Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
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Teimur Kayani, Bachar Ahmad, Rachel S. Chang, Frank Qian, Melis Sahinoz, Muhammad Waqar Rehan, Antonio Giaimo, Erica S. Spatz, and Jiun-Ruey Hu
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cholesterol ,atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease ,statin ,lipid lowering ,randomized trials ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 ,Other systems of medicine ,RZ201-999 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Although statins have served as the cornerstone for pharmacological lowering of lipid levels in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk reduction, many patients are unable to achieve target doses of statin medication due to side effects or target levels of cholesterol reduction on statin monotherapy. The landscape of lipid-lowering strategies has expanded in recent years, with the emergence of therapies that make use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and antisense oligonucleotides, in addition to traditional small-molecule agents. Non-statin therapies that have shown promising results in randomized controlled trials include adenosine triphosphate-citrate lyase inhibitors, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9)-inhibiting antibodies and siRNA, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and lipoprotein(a) gene-inhibiting siRNA and ASOs, in addition to older therapies such as ezetimibe. In contrast, cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors have shown less promising results in randomized trials. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize the evidence for these medications, with a focus on phase III randomized trials.
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- 2024
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16. Correction: Whole-genome sequencing analysis reveals new susceptibility loci and structural variants associated with progressive supranuclear palsy
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Hui Wang, Timothy S. Chang, Beth A. Dombroski, Po-Liang Cheng, Vishakha Patil, Leopoldo Valiente-Banuet, Kurt Farrell, Catriona Mclean, Laura Molina-Porcel, Alex Rajput, Peter Paul De Deyn, Nathalie Le Bastard, Marla Gearing, Laura Donker Kaat, John C. Van Swieten, Elise Dopper, Bernardino F. Ghetti, Kathy L. Newell, Claire Troakes, Justo G. de Yébenes, Alberto Rábano-Gutierrez, Tina Meller, Wolfgang H. Oertel, Gesine Respondek, Maria Stamelou, Thomas Arzberger, Sigrun Roeber, Ulrich Müller, Franziska Hopfner, Pau Pastor, Alexis Brice, Alexandra Durr, Isabelle Le Ber, Thomas G. Beach, Geidy E. Serrano, Lili-Naz Hazrati, Irene Litvan, Rosa Rademakers, Owen A. Ross, Douglas Galasko, Adam L. Boxer, Bruce L. Miller, Willian W. Seeley, Vivanna M. Van Deerlin, Edward B. Lee, Charles L. White, Huw Morris, Rohan de Silva, John F. Crary, Alison M. Goate, Jeffrey S. Friedman, Yuk Yee Leung, Giovanni Coppola, Adam C. Naj, Li-San Wang, P. S. P. genetics study group, Clifton Dalgard, Dennis W. Dickson, Günter U. Höglinger, Gerard D. Schellenberg, Daniel H. Geschwind, and Wan-Ping Lee
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Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 ,Geriatrics ,RC952-954.6 - Published
- 2024
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17. Letter to the Editor concerning ‘cost-effectiveness of velmanase alfa vs. bone marrow transplantation or no causal therapy in patients with mild to moderate alpha-mannosidosis’
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A. L. Stevenson, S. Chang-Douglass, P. Kazmierska, A. Benedict, K. Azimpour, and P. Dorling
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Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Published
- 2024
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18. Repair of bucket handle meniscus tears improves patient outcomes versus partial meniscectomy at the time of ACL reconstruction
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Gregory T. Perraut, Rachel E. Cherelstein, Alexandra M. Galel, Laura E. Keeling, Christopher M. Kuenze, Andrew J. Curley, David X. Wang, Kaitlin A. Malekzadeh, and Edward S. Chang
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ACL reconstruction ,bucket‐handle meniscus tear ,knee arthroscopy ,meniscal repair ,meniscectomy ,Orthopedic surgery ,RD701-811 - Abstract
Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to examine demographic and surgical factors that influence patient‐reported knee function in patients who undergo anterior crucial ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with concurrent bucket‐handle meniscal tear (BHMT) procedures. We hypothesized that repair of BHMT in the setting of concomitant ACLR and shorter time from injury to surgery would lead to improved patient‐reported outcomes. Methods Forty‐one patients (mean age: 28.0 ± 9.8 years, 72% male) with BHMT at the time of ACLR completed the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form (IKDC‐SKF) via online survey at an average of 15.2 months postop. Patient demographics and surgical characteristics, including time from injury to surgery, were compared between repair (n = 22) and meniscectomy (n = 19) groups using one‐way analysis of variances; distributions of sex, graft source, BHMT compartment and zone were compared between groups using χ2 tests. The association between IKDC‐SKF score, demographics and surgical characteristics was evaluated using multivariable linear regression. A priori alpha level was p
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- 2024
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19. Health‐related quality of life in patients with metastatic basal cell carcinoma treated with cemiplimab: Analysis of a phase 2 trial
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Ketty Peris, Timothy J. Inocencio, Alexander J. Stratigos, Karl D. Lewis, Zeynep Eroglu, Anne Lynn S. Chang, Cristina Ivanescu, Aleksandar Sekulic, Matthew G. Fury, Chieh‐I Chen, and Ruben G. W. Quek
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cemiplimab ,EORTC QLQ‐30 ,functioning ,health‐related quality of life ,metastatic basal cell carcinoma ,Skindex‐16 ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract Background A phase 2 cemiplimab study (NCT03132636) demonstrated a 24.1% objective response rate in patients diagnosed with metastatic basal cell carcinoma (mBCC) who were not candidates for continued hedgehog inhibitor (HHI) therapy due to intolerance to previous HHI therapy, disease progression while receiving HHI therapy, or having not better than stable disease on HHI therapy after 9 months. Here, health‐related quality of life (QoL) for this patient population is reported. Methods Adult patients with mBCC were treated with intravenous cemiplimab at a dose of 350 mg every 3 weeks for 5 treatment cycles of 9 weeks/cycle then 4 treatment cycles of 12 weeks/cycle. Patients completed the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life‐Core 30 (QLQ‐C30) and Skindex‐16 questionnaires at baseline and Day 1 of each cycle. Across Cycles 2 to 9, the overall change from baseline was analyzed using a mixed model with repeated measures. Responder analyses determined clinically meaningful improvement or deterioration (changes ≥10 points) or maintenance across all scales. Results Patients reported low symptom burden and moderate‐to‐high functioning at baseline. Maintenance for QLQ‐C30 global health status (GHS)/QoL and across all functioning and symptom scales was indicated by overall mean changes from baseline. Clinically meaningful improvement or maintenance was reported at Cycle 2 for GHS/QoL (77%), functioning scales (77% to 86%), and symptom scales (70% to 93%), with similar proportions of improvement or maintenance at Cycles 6 and 9, excluding fatigue. On the Skindex‐16, clinically meaningful improvement or maintenance was reported across the emotional, symptom, and functional subscales, in 76%–88% of patients at Cycle 2, which were generally maintained at Cycles 6 and 9. Overall mean changes from baseline showed maintenance across these subscales. Conclusions The majority of patients treated with cemiplimab reported improvement or maintenance in GHS/QoL and functioning while maintaining a low symptom burden.
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- 2024
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20. Therapeutic strategies focusing on immune dysregulation and neuroinflammation in rosacea
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Kuan-Yi Tu, Chiau-Jing Jung, Yi-Hsien Shih, and Anne Lynn S. Chang
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rosacea ,immune dysregulation ,neuroinflammation ,microbiota ,therapeutics ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Rosacea is a complex inflammatory condition characterized by papulopustular lesions and erythema on the central face for which there is no cure. The development of rosacea is influenced by both external triggers and genetics, but the common pathophysiology is overactivation of the immune system. Here, we review the current data on proinflammatory cytokines and dysregulation of the neurovascular system as targetable components of rosacea. Amelioration of cutaneous and gastrointestinal dysbiosis and other external factors impacts the immune state and has been observed to improve rosacea. While multiple treatments exist, many patients do not achieve their goals for rosacea control and highlights an unmet need for dermatologic care. Current interventions encompass topical/oral drugs, light devices, and avoidance of triggers management. Additional understanding of the underlying pathogenesis may help us develop novel targeted therapeutic strategies to improve rosacea.
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- 2024
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21. Total Knee Arthroplasty With Robotic and Augmented Reality Guidance: A Hierarchical Task Analysis
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Robert Koucheki, MD, MEng, Jesse I. Wolfstadt, MD, MSc, FRCSC, FAAOS, Justin S. Chang, MD, FRCSC, David J. Backstein, MD, MED, FRCSC, and Johnathan R. Lex, MBChB
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Hierarchical task analysis ,Augmented reality ,Robotic ,Navigation ,Efficiency ,Total knee arthroplasty ,Orthopedic surgery ,RD701-811 - Abstract
Background: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a commonly performed procedure that has traditionally utilized reproducible steps using a set of mechanical instruments. The number of TKAs performed using robotic assistance is increasing, and augmented reality (AR) navigation systems are being developed. Hierarchical task analysis (HTA) aims to describe the steps of a specific task in detail to reduce errors and ensure reproducibility. The objective of this study was to develop and validate HTAs for conventional, robotic-assisted, and AR-navigated TKA. Methods: The development of HTAs for conventional TKA involved an iterative review process that incorporated the input of 4 experienced arthroplasty surgeons. The HTAs were then adapted for robotic-assisted and AR-navigated TKA by incorporating specific steps associated with the use of these systems. The accuracy and completeness of the HTAs were validated by observing 10 conventional and 10 robotic-assisted TKA procedures. Results: HTAs for conventional, robotic-assisted, and AR-navigated TKA were developed and validated. The resulting HTAs provide a comprehensive and standardized plan for each procedure and can aid in the identification of potential areas of inefficiency and risk. Robotic-assisted and AR-navigated approaches require additional steps, and there are an increased number of instances where complications may occur. Conclusions: The HTAs developed in this study can provide valuable insights into the potential pitfalls of robotic-assisted and AR-navigated TKA procedures. As AR-navigation systems are developed, they should be optimized by critical analysis using the developed HTAs to ensure maximum efficiency, reliability, accessibility, reduction of human error, and costs.
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- 2024
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22. Resolution of metastatic neck nodes associated with a periauricular cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma after intranodal injection of talimogene laherparepvec
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Yonglu Che, MD, PhD, Curtis Chong, MD, Marketa Limova, MD, Laura Morris, RN, Sunil Arani Reddy, MD, and Anne Lynn S. Chang, MD
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chronic lymphocytic leukemia ,cutaneous oncology ,cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma ,herpes ,immunotherapy ,metastasis ,Dermatology ,RL1-803 - Published
- 2024
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23. Enhancing the image quality of blue light cystoscopy through green-hue correction and fogginess removal
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Shuang Chang, Micha E. Bermoy, Sam S. Chang, Kristen R. Scarpato, Amy N. Luckenbaugh, Soheil Kolouri, and Audrey K. Bowden
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Blue light cystoscopy (BLC) is a guideline-recommended endoscopic tool to detect bladder cancer with high sensitivity. Having clear, high-quality images during cystoscopy is crucial to the sensitive, efficient detection of bladder tumors; yet, important diagnostic information is often missed or poorly visualized in images containing illumination artifacts or impacted by impurities in the bladder. In this study, we introduce computational methods to remove two common artifacts in images from BLC videos: green hue and fogginess. We also evaluate the effect of artifact removal on the perceptual quality of the BLC images through a survey study and computation of Blind/Referenceless Image Spatial Quality Evaluator scores on the original and enhanced images. We show that corrections and enhancements made to cystoscopy images resulted in a better viewing experience for clinicians during BLC imaging and reliably restored lost tissue features that were important for diagnostics. Incorporating these enhancements during clinical and OR procedures may lead to more comprehensive tumor detection, fewer missed tumors during TURBT procedures, more complete tumor resection and shorter procedure time. When used in off-line review of cystoscopy videos, it may also better guide surgical planning and allow more accurate assessment and diagnosis.
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- 2023
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24. Comparison of Standard 7-Field, Clarus, and Optos Ultrawidefield Imaging Systems for Diabetic Retinopathy (COCO Study)
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Nicole Duncan, MD, Nancy Barrett, MS, Kathleen Schildroth, MD, Jonathan S. Chang, MD, Roomasa Channa, MD, Kelsey Rickels, OD, Amitha Domalpally, MD, PhD, and Barbara Blodi, MD
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7-Field imaging ,Diabetic retinopathy ,ETDRS scale ,Retinal imaging ,Ultra-widefield imaging ,Ophthalmology ,RE1-994 - Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity levels assessed from 7 standard-field stereoscopic color photographs on a 35° fundus camera to both Clarus and Optos ultrawidefield color images. Design: Cross-sectional, comparative imaging study. Participants: Participants with DR imaged at a single-center retina practice. Methods: Participants were imaged on 3 cameras at a single visit with the Topcon 35° fundus camera, Clarus, and Optos. The DR Severity Scale (DRSS) level was determined within the 7-field (7F) area of each image set using the ETDRS scale. An additional global DRSS was assigned for both Clarus and Optos images using the entire visible retina. Weighted kappa (wκ) measured the agreement between cameras. Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome was a 3-way comparison of DRSS level within the 7F area imaged on the 3 cameras. Secondary outcomes included a comparison of the DRSS obtained with standard 7F imaging to the global DRSS of Clarus and Optos and a comparison of the global DRSS between Clarus and Optos only. Results: Ninety-seven eyes (50 participants) were evaluated. Agreement within 1-step of ETDRS levels between standard 7F imaging and Clarus 7F was 90.1% (wκ = 0.65), and with Optos 7F in 85.9%, (wκ = 0.58). Agreement within 1-step between standard 7F imaging and Clarus global was 88.9% of eyes (wκ = 0.63), and Optos global was 85.7%, (wκ = 0.54). Agreement between Clarus and Optos global DR level within 1-step was 89.1% (wκ = 0.68). Intergrader agreement for the 7F ETDRS level was 96% for standard 7F imaging, 98% for Clarus, and 95.5% for Optos. Conclusions: These findings suggest that when evaluating the 7F area on Clarus and Optos, DR severity grades are comparable to standard 7F imaging. However, it is important to understand the unique attributes and differences of each fundus camera when changing the type of system used in a clinical setting due to upgrading equipment. Additionally, if the facility has access to > 1 device, there should not be an exchange between cameras for the same patient. Financial Disclosure(s): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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- 2024
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25. Designing youth mental health services to improve access: A qualitative study and framework analysis of youths’ perspectives in Singapore
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J. A. Vaingankar, M. Subramaniam, E. Samari, S. Chang, C. Tang, Y. P. Lee, S. A. Chong, and S. Verma
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Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Introduction Although there is an increasing interest in making mental health services (MHS) accessible to youths, there is limited ground-up involvement of youths while designing MHS in Asian settings. Objectives This qualitative study sought to understand what youths considered as important elements of youth centric MHS and how these could be designed to improve access by youths in Singapore. Methods We conducted seven focus group discussions, and four semi-structured interviews with 50 multiracial youths aged 15-35 years in Singapore - a high-income Southeast Asian country. Purposive sampling allowed adequate representation of age, gender, and race (mainly Chinese, Malay, and Indian) groups. Participants reflected on the features of an ideal MHS for youths and how these could improve youths’ attitude and access to services. Participants also shared their preferences and additional opinions for culturally tailored and age appropriate MHS. Framework analysis using the ‘Conceptual Framework of Access to Healthcare’ (Levesque et al. Int J Equity Health 2013, 12:18) was used to code transcripts and identify the key themes (Ritchie & Spencer. In Analyzing qualitative data, 1994). Results The average age of the participants was 24 years. About one third of the participants had accessed MHS in the past. Three key themes were identified – making facilities ‘approachable’, ‘available and appropriate’ and ‘affordable’. (i) Making facilities approachable related to having non-stigmatizing, non-threatening and welcoming aesthetics, organizational culture, and personnel. The participants also recommended a range of professional services, digital tools, and online features to enhance the approachability of MHS designed for youths. (ii) Flexible operating hours, easy appointment management, accessible location, and easy availability to youths with unique needs (e.g., employed youths) or socio-cultural backgrounds were necessary for making facilities available and accessible to youths. (iii) While sharing challenges of family involvement in the help-seeking process, most of the participants, particularly those in the lower ages, talked about tailoring MHS to the ability of youths to pay for the services. Preferences such as having cheaper services for teenagers and initial contacts, offering more non-medical but trained professionals, and considering shorter in-person counselling sessions, followed by free online options were brought up by the participants. Conclusions The study provided insights into multiple aspects of MHS and how these could be designed to cater to the needs of youths in Singapore from their perspective. MHS that incorporate non-stigmatizing, flexible, non-threatening and affordable design approaches could improve help-seeking and early interventions in youths. Disclosure of Interest None Declared
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- 2024
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26. ACL Repair: Rationale and When to Consider Over Reconstruction
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Jalen N. Broome BA, MS, Rachel E. Cherelstein BS, and Edward S. Chang MD
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Sports medicine ,RC1200-1245 ,Orthopedic surgery ,RD701-811 - Abstract
Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) restoration has been divided into repair versus reconstructive approaches. We present an ACL repair using FiberTape sutures as an internal brace and an adjustable cortical button fixation on the femur. Indications: ACL rupture is a condition in which restoration is essential to regaining adequate knee function. ACL repair may be indicated in patients with an acute tear (
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- 2024
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27. Smooth muscle contractile responses to bile acids in mouse ileum require TGR5 but not ASBT
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Diana S. Chang, Krishnakant G. Soni, and Geoffrey A. Preidis
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sex differences ,ursodeoxycholic acid ,deoxycholic acid ,apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter ,Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
BackgroundMany disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBIs) are more prevalent in women than men and feature alterations in gastrointestinal motility and bile acid homeostasis. Mechanisms by which bile acids regulate gastrointestinal motility are poorly characterized. We recently validated an adapted tissue bath technique using everted mouse ileum, which revealed differential contractile responses to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and deoxycholic acid (DCA). Here, we aimed to determine whether these responses are dependent on host sex, the plasma membrane bile acid receptor TGR5, or the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter ASBT.MethodsIleal segments from male and female mice were everted and suspended in tissue baths. Contractile responses to physiologic concentrations of UDCA and DCA were quantified with or without TGR5 or ASBT inhibitors. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and myosin light chain (MLC), markers of TGR5 activation and smooth muscle contraction, respectively, were assessed with western blot.ResultsThere were no sex differences in the dose-dependent contractile responses to bile acids. At 100 μmol/L, UDCA but not DCA increased MLC phosphorylation and increased contractility. TGR5 inhibition decreased ERK phosphorylation and led to decreases in contractility, phosphorylated MLC, and surprisingly, total MLC. ASBT inhibition did not affect contractile responses.ConclusionDifferential effects of UDCA and DCA on ileal smooth muscle contractility are not dependent on host sex or ASBT-mediated transport. Bile acids signal through mucosal TGR5, which regulates smooth muscle contractility by complex mechanisms. Understanding how bile acids differentially regulate gastrointestinal motility could facilitate new therapeutic options for specific DGBIs.
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- 2024
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28. VesiX cetylpyridinium chloride is rapidly bactericidal and reduces uropathogenic Escherichia coli bladder epithelial cell invasion in vitro
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Namrata V. Sawant, Samuel S. Chang, Krutika A. Pandit, Prachi Khekare, W. Randolph Warner, Philippe E. Zimmern, and Nicole J. De Nisco
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cetylpyridinium chloride ,CPC ,bladder instillation ,urinary tract infection ,UTI ,recurrent urinary tract infection ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
ABSTRACTManagement of urinary tract infection (UTI) in postmenopausal women can be challenging. The recent rise in resistance to most of the available oral antibiotic options together with high recurrence rate in postmenopausal women has further complicated treatment of UTI. As such, intravesical instillations of antibiotics like gentamicin are being investigated as an alternative to oral antibiotic therapies. This study evaluates the efficacy of the candidate intravesical therapeutic VesiX, a solution containing the cationic detergent Cetylpyridinium chloride, against a broad range of uropathogenic bacterial species clinically isolated from postmenopausal women with recurrent UTI (rUTI). We also evaluate the cytotoxicity of VesiX against cultured bladder epithelial cells and find that low concentrations of 0.0063% and 0.0125% provide significant bactericidal effect toward diverse bacterial species including uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis while minimizing cytotoxic effects against cultured 5637 bladder epithelial cells. Lastly, to begin to evaluate the potential utility of using VesiX in combination therapy with existing intravesical therapies for rUTI, we investigate the combined effects of VesiX and the intravesical antibiotic gentamicin. We find that VesiX and gentamicin are not antagonistic and are able to reduce levels of intracellular UPEC in cultured bladder epithelial cells.IMPORTANCEWhen urinary tract infections (UTIs), which affect over 50% of women, become resistant to available antibiotic therapies dangerous complications like kidney infection and lethal sepsis can occur. New therapeutic paradigms are needed to expand our arsenal against these difficult to manage infections. Our study investigates VesiX, a Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC)-based therapeutic, as a candidate broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent for use in bladder instillation therapy for antibiotic-resistant UTI. CPC is a cationic surfactant that is FDA-approved for use in mouthwashes and is used as a food additive but has not been extensively evaluated as a UTI therapeutic. Our study is the first to investigate its rapid bactericidal kinetics against diverse uropathogenic bacterial species isolated from postmenopausal women with recurrent UTI and host cytotoxicity. We also report that together with the FDA-approved bladder-instillation agent gentamicin, VesiX was able to significantly reduce intracellular populations of uropathogenic bacteria in cultured bladder epithelial cells.
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- 2024
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29. Protocol of the Comparison of Intravesical Therapy and Surgery as Treatment Options (CISTO) study: a pragmatic, prospective multicenter observational cohort study of recurrent high-grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer
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John L. Gore, Erika M. Wolff, Bryan A. Comstock, Kristin M. Follmer, Michael G. Nash, Anirban Basu, Stephanie Chisolm, Douglas B. MacLean, Jenney R. Lee, Yair Lotan, Sima P. Porten, Gary D. Steinberg, Sam S. Chang, Scott M. Gilbert, Larry G. Kessler, Angela B. Smith, and CISTO Collaborative
- Subjects
Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer ,Pragmatic trial ,Radical cystectomy ,Administration, intravesical ,Patient-centered care ,Quality of life ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract Background Bladder cancer poses a significant public health burden, with high recurrence and progression rates in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Current treatment options include bladder-sparing therapies (BST) and radical cystectomy, both with associated risks and benefits. However, evidence supporting optimal management decisions for patients with recurrent high-grade NMIBC remains limited, leading to uncertainty for patients and clinicians. The CISTO (Comparison of Intravesical Therapy and Surgery as Treatment Options) Study aims to address this critical knowledge gap by comparing outcomes between patients undergoing BST and radical cystectomy. Methods The CISTO Study is a pragmatic, prospective observational cohort trial across 36 academic and community urology practices in the US. The study will enroll 572 patients with a diagnosis of recurrent high-grade NMIBC who select management with either BST or radical cystectomy. The primary outcome is health-related quality of life (QOL) at 12 months as measured with the EORTC-QLQ-C30. Secondary outcomes include bladder cancer-specific QOL, progression-free survival, cancer-specific survival, and financial toxicity. The study will also assess patient preferences for treatment outcomes. Statistical analyses will employ targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE) to address treatment selection bias and confounding by indication. Discussion The CISTO Study is powered to detect clinically important differences in QOL and cancer-specific survival between the two treatment approaches. By including a diverse patient population, the study also aims to assess outcomes across the following patient characteristics: age, gender, race, burden of comorbid health conditions, cancer severity, caregiver status, social determinants of health, and rurality. Treatment outcomes may also vary by patient preferences, health literacy, and baseline QOL. The CISTO Study will fill a crucial evidence gap in the management of recurrent high-grade NMIBC, providing evidence-based guidance for patients and clinicians in choosing between BST and radical cystectomy. The CISTO study will provide an evidence-based approach to identifying the right treatment for the right patient at the right time in the challenging clinical setting of recurrent high-grade NMIBC. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03933826. Registered on May 1, 2019.
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- 2023
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30. Satellite Oceanography in NOAA: Research, Development, Applications, and Services Enabling Societal Benefits from Operational and Experimental Missions
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Eric Bayler, Paul S. Chang, Jacqueline L. De La Cour, Sean R. Helfrich, Alexander Ignatov, Jeff Key, Veronica Lance, Eric W. Leuliette, Deirdre A. Byrne, Yinghui Liu, Xiaoming Liu, Menghua Wang, Jianwei Wei, and Paul M. DiGiacomo
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satellite ,oceanography ,research ,development ,operational ,Science - Abstract
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) facilitates and enables societal benefits from satellite oceanography, supporting operational and experimental satellite missions, developing new and improved ocean observing capabilities, engaging users by developing and distributing fit-for-purpose data, applications, tools, and services, and curating, translating, and integrating diverse data products into information that supports informed decision making. STAR research, development, and application efforts span from passive visible, infrared, and microwave observations to active altimetry, scatterometry, and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) observations. These efforts directly support NOAA’s operational geostationary (GEO) and low Earth orbit (LEO) missions with calibration/validation and retrieval algorithm development, implementation, maintenance, and anomaly resolution, as well as leverage the broader international constellation of environmental satellites for NOAA’s benefit. STAR’s satellite data products and services enable research, assessments, applications, and, ultimately, decision making for understanding, predicting, managing, and protecting ocean and coastal resources, as well as assessing impacts of change on the environment, ecosystems, and climate. STAR leads the NOAA Coral Reef Watch and CoastWatch/OceanWatch/PolarWatch Programs, helping people access and utilize global and regional satellite data for ocean, coastal, and ecosystem applications.
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- 2024
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31. First-time comparison between NO2 vertical columns from Geostationary Environmental Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) and Pandora measurements
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S. Kim, D. Kim, H. Hong, L.-S. Chang, H. Lee, D.-R. Kim, J.-A. Yu, D. Lee, U. Jeong, C.-K. Song, S.-W. Kim, S. S. Park, J. Kim, T. F. Hanisco, J. Park, W. Choi, and K. Lee
- Subjects
Environmental engineering ,TA170-171 ,Earthwork. Foundations ,TA715-787 - Abstract
The Geostationary Environmental Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) is a UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectrometer on board the GEO-KOMPSAT-2B (Geostationary Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite 2B) satellite launched into a geostationary orbit in February 2020. To evaluate the GEMS NO2 total column data, a comparison was carried out using the NO2 vertical column density (VCD) that measured direct sunlight using the Pandora spectrometer system at four sites in Seosan, South Korea, from November 2020 to January 2021. Correlation coefficients between GEMS and Pandora NO2 data at four sites ranged from 0.35 to 0.48, with root mean square errors (RMSEs) from 4.7×1015 to 5.5×1015 molec. cm−2 for a cloud fraction (CF) . Higher correlation coefficients of 0.62–0.78 with lower RMSEs from 3.3×1015 to 5.0×1015 molec. cm−2 were found with CF , indicating the higher sensitivity of GEMS to atmospheric NO2 in less cloudy conditions. Overall, the GEMS NO2 total column data tended to be lower than the Pandora data, owing to differences in the representative spatial coverage, with a large negative bias under high CF conditions. With a correction for horizontal representativeness in the Pandora measurement coverage, correlation coefficients ranging from 0.69 to 0.81, with RMSEs from 3.2×1015 to 4.9×1015 molec. cm−2, were achieved for CF , showing a better correlation with the correction than without the correction.
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- 2023
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32. Early detection of lung cancer using artificial intelligence-enhanced optical nanosensing of chromatin alterations in field carcinogenesis
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Ali Daneshkhah, Sravya Prabhala, Parvathi Viswanathan, Hariharan Subramanian, Jianan Lin, Andrew S Chang, Ankit Bharat, Hemant Kumar Roy, and Vadim Backman
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Supranucleosomal chromatin structure, including chromatin domain conformation, is involved in the regulation of gene expression and its dysregulation has been associated with carcinogenesis. Prior studies have shown that cells in the buccal mucosa carry a molecular signature of lung cancer among the cigarette-smoking population, the phenomenon known as field carcinogenesis or field of injury. Thus, we hypothesized that chromatin structural changes in buccal mucosa can be predictive of lung cancer. However, the small size of the chromatin chain (approximately 20 nm) folded into chromatin packing domains, themselves typically below 300 nm in diameter, preclude the detection of alterations in intradomain chromatin conformation using diffraction-limited optical microscopy. In this study, we developed an optical spectroscopic statistical nanosensing technique to detect chromatin packing domain changes in buccal mucosa as a lung cancer biomarker: chromatin-sensitive partial wave spectroscopic microscopy (csPWS). Artificial intelligence (AI) was applied to csPWS measurements of chromatin alterations to enhance diagnostic performance. Our AI-enhanced buccal csPWS nanocytology of 179 patients at two clinical sites distinguished Stage-I lung cancer versus cancer-free controls with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.92 ± 0.06 for Site 1 (in-state location) and 0.82 ± 0.11 for Site 2 (out-of-state location).
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- 2023
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33. An extensive database of airborne trace gas and meteorological observations from the Alpha Jet Atmospheric eXperiment (AJAX)
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E. L. Yates, L. T. Iraci, S. S. Kulawik, J.-M. Ryoo, J. E. Marrero, C. L. Parworth, J. M. St. Clair, T. F. Hanisco, T. P. V. Bui, C. S. Chang, and J. M. Dean-Day
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Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 ,Geology ,QE1-996.5 - Abstract
The Alpha Jet Atmospheric eXperiment (AJAX) flew scientific flights between 2011 and 2018 providing measurements of trace gas species and meteorological parameters over California and Nevada, USA. This paper describes the observations made by the AJAX program over 229 flights and approximately 450 h of flying. AJAX was a multi-year, multi-objective, multi-instrument program with a variety of sampling strategies resulting in an extensive dataset of interest to a wide variety of users. Some of the more common flight objectives include satellite calibration/validation (GOSAT, OCO-2, TROPOMI) at Railroad Valley and other locations and long-term observations of free-tropospheric and boundary layer ozone allowing for studies of stratosphere-to-troposphere transport and long-range transport to the western United States. AJAX also performed topical studies such as sampling wildfire emissions, urban outflow and atmospheric rivers. Airborne measurements of carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, formaldehyde, water vapor, temperature, pressure and 3-D winds made by the AJAX program have been published at NASA's Airborne Science Data Center (https://asdc.larc.nasa.gov/project/AJAXTS9 (last access: 1 November 2022), https://doi.org/10.5067/ASDC/SUBORBITAL/AJAX/DATA001, Iraci et al., 2021a).
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- 2023
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34. Manufacturing CD20/CD19-targeted iCasp9 regulatable CAR-TSCM cells using a Quantum pBac-based CAR-T engineering system
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Peter S. Chang, Yi-Chun Chen, Wei-Kai Hua, Jeff C. Hsu, Jui-Cheng Tsai, Yi-Wun Huang, Yi-Hsin Kao, Pei-Hua Wu, Po-Nan Wang, Yi-Fang Chang, Ming-Chih Chang, Yu-Cheng Chang, Shiou-Ling Jian, Jiann-Shiun Lai, Ming-Tain Lai, Wei-Cheng Yang, Chia-Ning Shen, Kuo-Lan Karen Wen, and Sareina Chiung-Yuan Wu
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Medicine ,Science - Published
- 2024
35. Macular Sensitivity Endpoints in Geographic Atrophy: Exploratory Analysis of Chroma and Spectri Clinical Trials
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Dolly S. Chang, MD, PhD, Natalia F. Callaway, MD, MS, Verena Steffen, MSc, Karl Csaky, MD, PhD, Robyn H. Guymer, MBBS, PhD, David G. Birch, PhD, Praveen J. Patel, MD, Michael Ip, MD, Simon S. Gao, PhD, Jayla Briggs, BS, Lee Honigberg, PhD, Phillip Lai, MD, Daniela Ferrara, MD, PhD, and Yasir J. Sepah, MBBS
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Mesopic microperimetry ,Geographic atrophy ,Perilesional sensitivity ,Responding sensitivity ,Visual function ,Ophthalmology ,RE1-994 - Abstract
Purpose: To assess different microperimetry (MP) macular sensitivity outcome measures capturing functional deterioration in eyes with geographic atrophy (GA) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Design: Patients were included from 2 identically designed, phase III, double-masked, randomized controlled clinical trials, Chroma (NCT02247479) and Spectri (NCT02247531). Participants: Patients enrolled were aged ≥ 50 years with bilateral GA and no evidence of previous or active neovascular AMD. Methods: Patients were randomized 2:1:2:1 to receive through 96 weeks intravitreal lampalizumab 10 mg every 4 weeks (LQ4W), every 6 weeks (LQ6W), or corresponding sham procedures. For this study, mesopic macular sensitivity of the central 20° was assessed using MP-1 microperimeter at selected sites. Main Outcome Measures: Two exploratory endpoints were developed, namely perilesional sensitivity (average of points adjacent to absolute scotomatous points) and responding sensitivity (average of all nonscotomatous points; > 0 dB at baseline) by using customized masks for each patient. These were compared with conventional MP endpoints (mean macular sensitivity and number of absolute scotomatous points). Results: Of 1881 Chroma and Spectri participants, 277 agreed to participate in the present study. Of these, 197 (LQ4W, n = 63; LQ6W, n = 68; pooled sham, n = 66) had reliable MP results. Enlargement of GA lesion area by approximately 2 mm2/year across treatment groups was accompanied by deterioration in all MP parameters. There was no difference in worsening of macular sensitivity or absolute scotomatous points among treatment groups. Perilesional and responding sensitivities showed greater decline over time than mean macular sensitivity. Change in GA lesion area at week 48 showed better correlation with perilesional sensitivity (r = −0.17) and responding sensitivity (r = −0.20) than mean macular sensitivity (r = −0.03), while the correlation was highest with the number of absolute scotomatous points (r = 0.37). Conclusions: Perilesional or responding macular sensitivity measured by MP should be considered more sensitive endpoints than mean macular sensitivity for monitoring functional decline over time in GA. Although perilesional, responding, and mean macular sensitivity had weak correlation with GA lesion area, the number of absolute scotomatous points may provide additional information on the anatomic/functional correlation. Financial Disclosure(s): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.
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- 2024
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36. The multidimensional effects of extensive listening on EFL learners
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Anna C-S Chang and Willy Ardian Renandya
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ELT ,extensive listening ,listening and viewing ,second language listening ,English language ,PE1-3729 - Abstract
This study investigated the multidimensional effects of extensive listening (EL) on learners’ actual language gains, selection of study materials, and practice styles. Language gains were measured through a pre- and a post-test on students’ aural vocabulary test (Listening Vocabulary Levels Test, LVLT) and general listening comprehension (TOEIC), administered before and after the intervention. Fifty-five university student participants took part in the four-month experiment; they were entirely free to select their favorite study materials online or off-line. The results showed that each student spent an average of 1,387 minutes (approximately 87 minutes per week) doing EL practice. The three most popular study materials were the following: Songs (63.64%), movies (49.09%), and talks (43.46%); materials were mainly from YouTube (74.55%), Netflix (49.09%), and other miscellaneous sources (43.63%). Their practice style was unanimously a combination of viewing and listening. From the pre-tests to the post-tests, students made significant gains in both LVLT and TOEIC, but the effect sizes were small. Some suggestions are made for implementing EL.
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- 2023
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37. Real time patient‐reported outcome measures in patients with cancer: Early experience within an integrated health system
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Samantha Tam, Theresa Zatirka, Christine Neslund‐Dudas, Wan‐Ting Su, Cara E. Cannella, Jeewanjot S. Grewal, Ahmad H. Mattour, Amy Tang, Benjamin Movsas, and Steven S. Chang
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cancer pain ,healthcare disparities ,oncology service ,patient reported outcome measures ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract Background While patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) have benefit in cancer clinical trials, real‐world applications are lacking. This study describes the method of implementation of a cancer enterprise‐wide PROMs platform. Methods After establishing a multispecialty stakeholder group within a large integrated health system, domain‐specific instruments were selected from the National Institutes of Health's Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) instruments (pain interference, fatigue, physical function, and depression) and were administered at varying frequencies throughout each patient's cancer journey. All cancer patients with an oncologic visit were eligible to complete the PROMs prior to the visit using a patient portal, or at the time of the visit using a tablet. PROMs were integrated into clinical workflow. Clinical partnerships were essential for successful implementation. Descriptive preliminary data were compared using multivariable logistic regression to determine the factors associated with method of PROMs completion. Results From September 16, 2020 to July 23, 2021, 23 of 38 clinical units (60.5%) implemented PROMs over 2392 encounters and 1666 patients. Approximately one third of patients (n = 629, 37.8%) used the patient portal. Black patients (aOR 0.70; 95% CI: 0.51–0.97) and patients residing in zip codes with higher percentage of unemployment (aOR: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.01–0.41) were among the least likely to complete PROMs using the patient portal. Conclusions Successful system‐wide implementation of PROMs among cancer patients requires engagement from multispecialty stakeholders and investment from clinical partners. Attention to the method of PROMs collection is required in order to reduce the potential for disparities, such as Black populations and those residing in areas with high levels of unemployment.
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- 2023
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38. Swash-Zone Formula Evaluation of Morphological Variation in Haeundae Beach, Korea
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Jong Dae Do, Sang Kwon Hyun, Jae-Youll Jin, Weon-Mu Jeong, Byunggil Lee, and Yeon S. Chang
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swash-zone model ,Telemac ,Larson and Wamsley formula ,beach erosion ,Haeundae Beach ,Hydraulic engineering ,TC1-978 ,Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes ,TD201-500 - Abstract
In this study, a swash-zone model, using Larson and Wamsley formula (LW07), was combined into the Telemac-2D model system to examine the performance of modeling swash-zone processes through comparisons with field observation data. The experimental site was the Haeundae Beach in South Korea where Typhoon Phanfone occurred in October 2014, and bathymetric surveys were performed before and after the typhoon. Hydrodynamic data were also measured to validate the modeled data. The performance of LW07 was tested by running the model in two modes, with and without LW07. First, the model was run to simulate the shoreline response to an imaginary coastal breakwater. The result showed a clear discrepancy between the two modes as the sediments were considerably cumulated behind the breakwater in the case with the swash-zone formula (LW07) in the wide range along the shoreline behind the breakwater, indicating that the sediments more actively and rapidly responded to the shadowing by the breakwater with LW07. The model was also run for a realistic case from August to October 2014, which included the typhoon’s period during 2–6 October. The results showed that the morphological changes at both ends of the beach in the swash zone were simulated with higher accuracy with LW07, supporting the effectiveness of LW07 in simulating the short-term morphological changes induced by the typhoon attack. In particular, the successful simulation of the sand accumulation at the end sides of the beach’s swash zone indicates that LW07 was effective in estimating not only the cross-shore transport but also longshore transport, which was likely due to the characteristics of LW07 that calculated sand transport in both directions. The enhanced modeling performance with LW07 was likely due to the adjustment of the sediment transport rate to the instantaneous changes in the local beach slope, which could successfully control the erosion/accretion process in the swash zone more realistically.
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- 2024
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39. Dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens promotes REM sleep and cataplexy
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Brandon A. Toth, Katie S. Chang, Sarah Fechtali, and Christian R. Burgess
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Health sciences ,Biological process ,Science - Abstract
Summary: Patients with the sleep disorder narcolepsy suffer from excessive daytime sleepiness, disrupted nighttime sleep, and cataplexy—the abrupt loss of postural muscle tone during wakefulness, often triggered by strong emotion. The dopamine (DA) system is implicated in both sleep-wake states and cataplexy, but little is known about the function of DA release in the striatum and sleep disorders. Recording DA release in the ventral striatum revealed orexin-independent changes across sleep-wake states as well as striking increases in DA release in the ventral, but not dorsal, striatum prior to cataplexy onset. Tonic low-frequency stimulation of ventral tegmental efferents in the ventral striatum suppressed both cataplexy and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, while phasic high-frequency stimulation increased cataplexy propensity and decreased the latency to REM sleep. Together, our findings demonstrate a functional role of DA release in the striatum in regulating cataplexy and REM sleep.
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- 2023
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40. The mother–daughter Shared Agency in Weight Management Scale (SAWMS): development, validation, and implications for body dissatisfaction
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Jianmin Shao, Esther S. Chang, Yuying Tsong, Chuansheng Chen, and Jessica L. Borelli
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Maternal control ,Maternal autonomy support ,Mother–daughter relationship ,Shared agency ,Body dissatisfaction ,Weight management ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Plain English summary The current study described the procedure of developing a new measurement—the mother–daughter Shared Agency in Weight Management Scale (SAWMS). This scale aims to measure the different ways in which mothers work with their cisgender daughters in weight management. Based on self-reported survey data from cisgender female college students, we identified two ways whereby mothers work with their daughters in weight management—maternal control and maternal autonomy support. To better understand these mother–daughter dynamics, we also examined their relations with daughter’s body dissatisfaction. We found that daughters whose mothers were more controlling when it comes to weight management reported higher levels of body dissatisfaction. On the other hand, daughters whose mothers were more autonomy-supportive in weight management reported lower levels of body dissatisfaction. Our results have important implications for understanding how mother–daughter relationship dynamics in weight management may contribute to the development of body image and perceptions among young women.
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- 2023
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41. A Generalized Two-Dimensional FFT Precoded Filter Bank Scheme With Low Complexity Equalizers in Time-Frequency Domain
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Rogerio Pereira Junior, Carlos Aurelio Faria Da Rocha, Bruno S. Chang, and Didier Le Ruyet
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2D-FFT ,filter bank ,high mobility ,rate factor ,time-frequency domain ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 - Abstract
Recently, the two-dimensional (2D) fast Fourier transform (2D-FFT) filter bank (FB) technique was proposed as an alternative to new wireless communication technologies covering several application scenarios. This technique presents similar characteristics to orthogonal time-frequency space modulation (OTFS), such as lower PAPR and robustness in high mobility scenarios; in addition, thanks to the use of filter bank modulation, the technique has a good spectral localization. In this work, we present the generalization of the 2D-FFT FB system by making changes in the waveform structure to obtain advantages in the symbol detection process. The proposed idea allows the use of low-complexity equalizers in the time-frequency (TF) domain, bringing a good performance/complexity trade-off and obtaining bit error rate (BER) results of the same order than delay-Doppler domain receivers for OTFS. Theoretical and simulation results show that it is possible to obtain a good error performance in high mobility scenarios even using simple equalizers in the TF domain combined with waveform structure adjustments.
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- 2023
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42. A modeling study of an extreme rainfall event along the northern coast of Taiwan on 2 June 2017
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C.-C. Wang, T.-Y. Yeh, C.-S. Chang, M.-S. Li, K. Tsuboki, and C.-H. Liu
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Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
In this study, the extreme rainfall event on 2 June 2017 along the northern coast of Taiwan is studied from a modeling perspective. While a peak amount of 645 mm was observed, two 1 km experiments produced about 400 and 541 mm, respectively, using different initial and boundary conditions, and thus are compared to isolate the key reasons for a higher total amount in the second run. While the conditions in the frontal intensity and its slow movement are similar in both runs, the frontal rainband remains stationary for a long period in this second run due to a frontal disturbance that acts to enhance the prefrontal southwesterly flow and focuses its convergence with the postfrontal flow right across the coastline. Identified as the key difference, this low-pressure disturbance is supported by the observation, and without it in the first run, multiple slow-moving rainbands pass through the coastal region and produce more widely spread but less concentrated rainfall, resulting in the lower peak amount by comparison. To explore and test the effects of Taiwan's topography in this event, two additional 1 km runs are also used. It is found that the removal of the terrain in northern Taiwan allowed the postfrontal cold air to move more inland and the rainfall became less concentrated, in agreement with a recent study. Also, when the entire island topography of Taiwan is removed, the result showed significant differences. In this case, the blocking and deflecting effects on the prefrontal flow are absent, and the heavy rainfall in northern Taiwan does not occur.
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- 2023
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43. Measurement of provider fidelity to immunization guidelines: a mixed-methods study on the feasibility of documenting patient refusals of the human papillomavirus vaccine
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Rachel S. Chang, Jaimie Z. Shing, Jennifer C. Erves, Liping Du, Tatsuki Koyama, Stephen Deppen, Alyssa B. Rentuza, Caree McAfee, Christine Stroebel, Janet Cates, Lora Harnack, David Andrews, Robert Bramblett, and Pamela C. Hull
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Measurement ,Fidelity ,Clinical guidelines ,Assessment and feedback ,Vaccine refusal ,Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,R858-859.7 - Abstract
Abstract Background Assessment and feedback is a common implementation strategy to improve healthcare provider fidelity to clinical guidelines. For immunization guidelines, fidelity is often measured with doses administered during eligible visits. Adding a patient refusal measure captures provider fidelity more completely (i.e., all instances of a provider recommending a vaccine, resulting in vaccination or refusal) and enables providers to track patient vaccine hesitancy patterns. However, many electronic health record (EHR) systems have no structured field to document multiple instances of refusals for specific vaccines, and existing billing codes for refusal are not vaccine specific. This study assessed the feasibility of a novel method for refusal documentation used in a study focused on human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. Methods An observational, descriptive-comparative, mixed-methods study design was used to conduct secondary data analysis from an implementation-effectiveness trial. The parent trial compared coach-based versus web-based practice facilitation, including assessment and feedback, to increase HPV vaccination in 21 community-based private pediatric practices. Providers were instructed to document initial HPV vaccine refusals in the EHR's immunization forms and subsequent refusals using dummy procedure codes, for use in assessment and feedback reports. This analysis examined adoption and maintenance of the refusal documentation method during eligible well visits, identified barriers and facilitators to documentation and described demographic patterns in patient refusals. Results Seven practices adopted the refusal documentation method. Among adopter practices, documented refusals started at 2.4% of eligible well visits at baseline, increased to 14.2% at the start of implementation, peaked at 24.0%, then declined to 18.8%. Barriers to refusal documentation included low prioritization, workflow integration and complication of the billing process. Facilitators included high motivation, documentation instructions and coach support. Among adopter practices, odds of refusing HPV vaccine were 25% higher for patients aged 15–17 years versus 11–12 years, and 18% lower for males versus females. Conclusions We demonstrated the value of patient refusal documentation for measuring HPV vaccination guideline fidelity and ways that it can be improved in future research. Creation of vaccine-specific refusal billing codes or EHR adaptations to enable documenting multiple instances of specific vaccine refusals would facilitate consistent refusal documentation. Trial Registration NCT03399396 Registered in ClinicalTrials.gov on 1/16/2018.
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- 2022
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44. Erratum to: Searches for long-lived charged particles in pp collisions at s $$ \sqrt{\textrm{s}} $$ = 7 and 8 TeV
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The CMS collaboration, S. Chatrchyan, V. Khachatryan, A. M. Sirunyan, A. Tumasyan, W. Adam, T. Bergauer, M. Dragicevic, J. Erö, C. Fabjan, M. Friedl, R. Frühwirth, V. M. Ghete, N. Hörmann, J. Hrubec, M. Jeitler, W. Kiesenhofer, V. Knünz, M. Krammer, I. Krätschmer, D. Liko, I. Mikulec, D. Rabady, B. Rahbaran, C. Rohringer, H. Rohringer, R. Schöfbeck, J. Strauss, A. Taurok, W. Treberer-Treberspurg, W. Waltenberger, C.-E. Wulz, V. Mossolov, N. Shumeiko, J. Suarez Gonzalez, S. Alderweireldt, M. Bansal, S. Bansal, T. Cornelis, E. A. De Wolf, X. Janssen, A. Knutsson, S. Luyckx, L. Mucibello, S. Ochesanu, B. Roland, R. Rougny, H. Van Haevermaet, P. Van Mechelen, N. Van Remortel, A. Van Spilbeeck, F. Blekman, S. Blyweert, J. D’Hondt, A. Kalogeropoulos, J. Keaveney, M. Maes, A. Olbrechts, S. Tavernier, W. Van Doninck, P. Van Mulders, G. P. Van Onsem, I. Villella, B. Clerbaux, G. De Lentdecker, L. Favart, A. P. R. Gay, T. Hreus, A. Léonard, P. E. Marage, A. Mohammadi, L. Perniè, T. Reis, T. Seva, L. Thomas, C. Vander Velde, P. Vanlaer, J. Wang, V. Adler, K. Beernaert, L. Benucci, A. Cimmino, S. Costantini, S. Dildick, G. Garcia, B. Klein, J. Lellouch, A. Marinov, J. Mccartin, A. A. Ocampo Rios, D. Ryckbosch, M. Sigamani, N. Strobbe, F. Thyssen, M. Tytgat, S. Walsh, E. Yazgan, N. Zaganidis, S. Basegmez, C. Beluffi, G. Bruno, R. Castello, A. Caudron, L. Ceard, C. Delaere, T. du Pree, D. Favart, L. Forthomme, A. Giammanco, J. Hollar, P. Jez, V. Lemaitre, J. Liao, O. Militaru, C. Nuttens, D. Pagano, A. Pin, K. Piotrzkowski, A. Popov, M. Selvaggi, J. M. Vizan Garcia, N. Beliy, T. Caebergs, E. Daubie, G. H. Hammad, G. A. Alves, M. Correa Martins Junior, T. Martins, M. E. Pol, M. H. G. Souza, W. L. Aldá Júnior, W. Carvalho, J. Chinellato, A. Custódio, E. M. Da Costa, D. De Jesus Damiao, C. De Oliveira Martins, S. Fonseca De Souza, H. Malbouisson, M. Malek, D. Matos Figueiredo, L. Mundim, H. Nogima, W. L. Prado Da Silva, A. Santoro, A. Sznajder, E. J. Tonelli Manganote, A. Vilela Pereira, C. A. Bernardes, F. A. Dias, T. R. Fernandez Perez Tomei, E. M. Gregores, C. Lagana, F. Marinho, P. G. Mercadante, S. F. Novaes, Sandra S. Padula, V. Genchev, P. Iaydjiev, S. Piperov, M. Rodozov, G. Sultanov, M. Vutova, A. Dimitrov, R. Hadjiiska, V. Kozhuharov, L. Litov, B. Pavlov, P. Petkov, J. G. Bian, G. M. Chen, H. S. Chen, C. H. Jiang, D. Liang, S. Liang, X. Meng, J. Tao, X. Wang, Z. Wang, H. Xiao, M. Xu, C. Asawatangtrakuldee, Y. Ban, Y. Guo, W. Li, S. Liu, Y. Mao, S. J. Qian, H. Teng, D. Wang, L. Zhang, W. Zou, C. Avila, C. A. Carrillo Montoya, J. P. Gomez, B. Gomez Moreno, J. C. Sanabria, N. Godinovic, D. Lelas, R. Plestina, D. Polic, I. Puljak, Z. Antunovic, M. Kovac, V. Brigljevic, S. Duric, K. Kadija, J. Luetic, D. Mekterovic, S. Morovic, L. Tikvica, A. Attikis, G. Mavromanolakis, J. Mousa, C. Nicolaou, F. Ptochos, P. A. Razis, M. Finger, Y. Assran, A. Ellithi Kamel, M. A. Mahmoud, A. Mahrous, A. Radi, M. Kadastik, M. Müntel, M. Murumaa, M. Raidal, L. Rebane, A. Tiko, P. Eerola, G. Fedi, M. Voutilainen, J. Härkönen, V. Karimäki, R. Kinnunen, M. J. Kortelainen, T. Lampén, K. Lassila-Perini, S. Lehti, T. Lindén, P. Luukka, T. Mäenpää, T. Peltola, E. Tuominen, J. Tuominiemi, E. Tuovinen, L. Wendland, A. Korpela, T. Tuuva, M. Besancon, S. Choudhury, F. Couderc, M. Dejardin, D. Denegri, B. Fabbro, J. L. Faure, F. Ferri, S. Ganjour, A. Givernaud, P. Gras, G. Hamel de Monchenault, P. Jarry, E. Locci, J. Malcles, L. Millischer, A. Nayak, J. Rander, A. Rosowsky, M. Titov, S. Baffioni, F. Beaudette, L. Benhabib, L. Bianchini, M. Bluj, P. Busson, C. Charlot, N. Daci, T. Dahms, M. Dalchenko, L. Dobrzynski, A. Florent, R. Granier de Cassagnac, M. Haguenauer, P. Miné, C. Mironov, I. N. Naranjo, M. Nguyen, C. Ochando, P. Paganini, D. Sabes, R. Salerno, Y. Sirois, C. Veelken, A. Zabi, J.-L. Agram, J. Andrea, D. Bloch, D. Bodin, J.-M. Brom, E. C. Chabert, C. Collard, E. Conte, F. Drouhin, J.-C. Fontaine, D. Gelé, U. Goerlach, C. Goetzmann, P. Juillot, A.-C. Le Bihan, P. Van Hove, S. Gadrat, S. Beauceron, N. Beaupere, G. Boudoul, S. Brochet, J. Chasserat, R. Chierici, D. Contardo, P. Depasse, H. El Mamouni, J. Fay, S. Gascon, M. Gouzevitch, B. Ille, T. Kurca, M. Lethuillier, L. Mirabito, S. Perries, L. Sgandurra, V. Sordini, Y. Tschudi, M. Vander Donckt, P. Verdier, S. Viret, Z. Tsamalaidze, C. Autermann, S. Beranek, B. Calpas, M. Edelhoff, L. Feld, N. Heracleous, O. Hindrichs, K. Klein, A. Ostapchuk, A. Perieanu, F. Raupach, J. Sammet, S. Schael, D. Sprenger, H. Weber, B. Wittmer, V. Zhukov, M. Ata, J. Caudron, E. Dietz-Laursonn, D. Duchardt, M. Erdmann, R. Fischer, A. Güth, T. Hebbeker, C. Heidemann, K. Hoepfner, D. Klingebiel, P. Kreuzer, M. Merschmeyer, A. Meyer, M. Olschewski, K. Padeken, P. Papacz, H. Pieta, H. Reithler, S. A. Schmitz, L. Sonnenschein, J. Steggemann, D. Teyssier, S. Thüer, M. Weber, V. Cherepanov, Y. Erdogan, G. Flügge, H. Geenen, M. Geisler, W. Haj Ahmad, F. Hoehle, B. Kargoll, T. Kress, Y. Kuessel, J. Lingemann, A. Nowack, I. M. Nugent, L. Perchalla, O. Pooth, A. Stahl, M. Aldaya Martin, I. Asin, N. Bartosik, J. Behr, W. Behrenhoff, U. Behrens, M. Bergholz, A. Bethani, K. Borras, A. Burgmeier, A. Cakir, L. Calligaris, A. Campbell, F. Costanza, C. Diez Pardos, S. Dooling, T. Dorland, G. Eckerlin, D. Eckstein, G. Flucke, A. Geiser, I. Glushkov, P. Gunnellini, S. Habib, J. Hauk, G. Hellwig, H. Jung, M. Kasemann, P. Katsas, C. Kleinwort, H. Kluge, M. Krämer, D. Krücker, E. Kuznetsova, W. Lange, J. Leonard, K. Lipka, W. Lohmann, B. Lutz, R. Mankel, I. Marfin, I.-A. Melzer-Pellmann, A. B. Meyer, J. Mnich, A. Mussgiller, S. Naumann-Emme, O. Novgorodova, F. Nowak, J. Olzem, H. Perrey, A. Petrukhin, D. Pitzl, R. Placakyte, A. Raspereza, P. M. Ribeiro Cipriano, C. Riedl, E. Ron, M. Ö. Sahin, J. Salfeld-Nebgen, R. Schmidt, T. Schoerner-Sadenius, N. Sen, M. Stein, R. Walsh, C. Wissing, V. Blobel, H. Enderle, J. Erfle, U. Gebbert, M. Görner, M. Gosselink, J. Haller, K. Heine, R. S. Höing, G. Kaussen, H. Kirschenmann, R. Klanner, R. Kogler, J. Lange, I. Marchesini, T. Peiffer, N. Pietsch, D. Rathjens, C. Sander, H. Schettler, P. Schleper, E. Schlieckau, A. Schmidt, M. Schröder, T. Schum, M. Seidel, J. Sibille, V. Sola, H. Stadie, G. Steinbrück, J. Thomsen, D. Troendle, L. Vanelderen, C. Barth, C. Baus, J. Berger, C. Böser, T. Chwalek, W. De Boer, A. Descroix, A. Dierlamm, M. Feindt, M. Guthoff, C. Hackstein, F. Hartmann, T. Hauth, M. Heinrich, H. Held, K. H. Hoffmann, U. Husemann, I. Katkov, J. R. Komaragiri, A. Kornmayer, P. Lobelle Pardo, D. Martschei, S. Mueller, Th. Müller, M. Niegel, A. Nürnberg, O. Oberst, J. Ott, G. Quast, K. Rabbertz, F. Ratnikov, S. Röcker, F.-P. Schilling, G. Schott, H. J. Simonis, F. M. Stober, R. Ulrich, J. Wagner-Kuhr, S. Wayand, T. Weiler, M. Zeise, G. Anagnostou, G. Daskalakis, T. Geralis, S. Kesisoglou, A. Kyriakis, D. Loukas, A. Markou, C. Markou, E. Ntomari, L. Gouskos, T. J. Mertzimekis, A. Panagiotou, N. Saoulidou, E. Stiliaris, X. Aslanoglou, I. Evangelou, G. Flouris, C. Foudas, P. Kokkas, N. Manthos, I. Papadopoulos, E. Paradas, G. Bencze, C. Hajdu, P. Hidas, D. Horvath, B. Radics, F. Sikler, V. Veszpremi, G. Vesztergombi, A. J. Zsigmond, N. Beni, S. Czellar, J. Molnar, J. Palinkas, Z. Szillasi, J. Karancsi, P. Raics, Z. L. Trocsanyi, B. Ujvari, S. B. Beri, V. Bhatnagar, N. Dhingra, R. Gupta, M. Kaur, M. Z. Mehta, M. Mittal, N. Nishu, L. K. Saini, A. Sharma, J. B. Singh, Ashok Kumar, Arun Kumar, S. Ahuja, A. Bhardwaj, B. C. Choudhary, S. Malhotra, M. Naimuddin, K. Ranjan, P. Saxena, V. Sharma, R. K. Shivpuri, S. Banerjee, S. Bhattacharya, K. Chatterjee, S. Dutta, B. Gomber, Sa. Jain, Sh. Jain, R. Khurana, A. Modak, S. Mukherjee, D. Roy, S. Sarkar, M. Sharan, A. Abdulsalam, D. Dutta, S. Kailas, V. Kumar, A. K. Mohanty, L. M. Pant, P. Shukla, A. Topkar, T. Aziz, R. M. Chatterjee, S. Ganguly, S. Ghosh, M. Guchait, A. Gurtu, G. Kole, S. Kumar, M. Maity, G. Majumder, K. Mazumdar, G. B. Mohanty, B. Parida, K. Sudhakar, N. Wickramage, S. Dugad, H. Arfaei, H. Bakhshiansohi, S. M. Etesami, A. Fahim, H. Hesari, A. Jafari, M. Khakzad, M. Mohammadi Najafabadi, S. Paktinat Mehdiabadi, B. Safarzadeh, M. Zeinali, M. Grunewald, M. Abbrescia, L. Barbone, C. Calabria, S. S. Chhibra, A. Colaleo, D. Creanza, N. De Filippis, M. De Palma, L. Fiore, G. Iaselli, G. Maggi, M. Maggi, B. Marangelli, S. My, S. Nuzzo, N. Pacifico, A. Pompili, G. Pugliese, G. Selvaggi, L. Silvestris, G. Singh, R. Venditti, P. Verwilligen, G. Zito, G. Abbiendi, A. C. Benvenuti, D. Bonacorsi, S. Braibant-Giacomelli, L. Brigliadori, R. Campanini, P. Capiluppi, A. Castro, F. R. Cavallo, M. Cuffiani, G. M. Dallavalle, F. Fabbri, A. Fanfani, D. Fasanella, P. Giacomelli, C. Grandi, L. Guiducci, S. Marcellini, G. Masetti, M. Meneghelli, A. Montanari, F. L. Navarria, F. Odorici, A. Perrotta, F. Primavera, A. M. Rossi, T. Rovelli, G. P. Siroli, N. Tosi, R. Travaglini, S. Albergo, M. Chiorboli, S. Costa, F. Giordano, R. 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Roland, G. Roland, G. S. F. Stephans, F. Stöckli, K. Sumorok, K. Sung, D. Velicanu, R. Wolf, B. Wyslouch, M. Yang, Y. Yilmaz, A. S. Yoon, M. Zanetti, V. Zhukova, B. Dahmes, A. De Benedetti, G. Franzoni, A. Gude, J. Haupt, S. C. Kao, K. Klapoetke, Y. Kubota, J. Mans, N. Pastika, R. Rusack, M. Sasseville, A. Singovsky, N. Tambe, J. Turkewitz, L. M. Cremaldi, R. Kroeger, L. Perera, R. Rahmat, D. A. Sanders, D. Summers, E. Avdeeva, K. Bloom, S. Bose, D. R. Claes, A. Dominguez, M. Eads, R. Gonzalez Suarez, J. Keller, I. Kravchenko, J. Lazo-Flores, S. Malik, F. Meier, G. R. Snow, J. Dolen, A. Godshalk, I. Iashvili, S. Jain, A. Kharchilava, A. Kumar, S. Rappoccio, Z. Wan, G. Alverson, E. Barberis, D. Baumgartel, M. Chasco, J. Haley, A. Massironi, D. Nash, T. Orimoto, D. Trocino, D. Wood, J. Zhang, A. Anastassov, K. A. Hahn, A. Kubik, L. Lusito, N. Mucia, N. Odell, B. Pollack, A. Pozdnyakov, M. Schmitt, S. Stoynev, M. Velasco, S. Won, D. Berry, A. Brinkerhoff, K. M. Chan, M. Hildreth, C. Jessop, D. J. Karmgard, J. Kolb, K. Lannon, W. Luo, S. Lynch, N. Marinelli, D. M. Morse, T. Pearson, M. Planer, R. Ruchti, J. Slaunwhite, N. Valls, M. Wayne, M. Wolf, L. Antonelli, B. Bylsma, L. S. Durkin, C. Hill, R. Hughes, K. Kotov, T. Y. Ling, D. Puigh, M. Rodenburg, G. Smith, C. Vuosalo, G. Williams, B. L. Winer, H. Wolfe, E. Berry, P. Elmer, V. Halyo, P. Hebda, J. Hegeman, A. Hunt, P. Jindal, S. A. Koay, D. Lopes Pegna, P. Lujan, D. Marlow, T. Medvedeva, M. Mooney, J. Olsen, P. Piroué, X. Quan, A. Raval, H. Saka, D. Stickland, C. Tully, J. S. Werner, S. C. Zenz, A. Zuranski, E. Brownson, A. Lopez, H. Mendez, J. E. Ramirez Vargas, E. Alagoz, D. Benedetti, G. Bolla, D. Bortoletto, M. De Mattia, A. Everett, Z. Hu, M. Jones, K. Jung, O. Koybasi, M. Kress, N. Leonardo, V. Maroussov, P. Merkel, D. H. Miller, N. Neumeister, I. Shipsey, D. Silvers, A. Svyatkovskiy, M. Vidal Marono, F. Wang, L. Xu, H. D. Yoo, J. Zablocki, Y. Zheng, S. Guragain, N. Parashar, A. Adair, B. Akgun, K. M. Ecklund, F. J. M. Geurts, B. P. Padley, R. Redjimi, J. Roberts, J. Zabel, B. Betchart, A. Bodek, R. Covarelli, P. de Barbaro, R. Demina, Y. Eshaq, T. Ferbel, A. Garcia-Bellido, P. Goldenzweig, J. Han, A. Harel, D. C. Miner, G. Petrillo, D. Vishnevskiy, M. Zielinski, A. Bhatti, R. Ciesielski, L. Demortier, K. Goulianos, G. Lungu, C. Mesropian, S. Arora, A. Barker, J. P. Chou, C. Contreras-Campana, E. Contreras-Campana, D. Duggan, D. Ferencek, Y. Gershtein, R. Gray, E. Halkiadakis, D. Hidas, A. Lath, S. Panwalkar, M. Park, R. Patel, V. Rekovic, J. Robles, K. Rose, S. Salur, S. Schnetzer, C. Seitz, S. Somalwar, R. Stone, S. Thomas, M. Walker, G. Cerizza, M. Hollingsworth, S. Spanier, Z. C. Yang, A. York, R. Eusebi, W. Flanagan, J. Gilmore, T. Kamon, V. Khotilovich, R. Montalvo, I. Osipenkov, Y. Pakhotin, A. Perloff, J. Roe, A. Safonov, T. Sakuma, I. Suarez, A. Tatarinov, D. Toback, N. Akchurin, J. Damgov, C. Dragoiu, P. R. Dudero, C. Jeong, K. Kovitanggoon, S. W. Lee, T. Libeiro, I. Volobouev, E. Appelt, A. G. Delannoy, S. Greene, A. Gurrola, W. Johns, C. Maguire, A. Melo, M. Sharma, P. Sheldon, B. Snook, S. Tuo, J. Velkovska, M. W. Arenton, S. Boutle, B. Cox, B. Francis, J. Goodell, R. Hirosky, A. Ledovskoy, C. Lin, C. Neu, J. Wood, S. Gollapinni, R. Harr, P. E. Karchin, C. Kottachchi Kankanamge Don, P. Lamichhane, A. Sakharov, M. Anderson, D. A. Belknap, L. Borrello, D. Carlsmith, M. Cepeda, S. Dasu, E. Friis, K. S. Grogg, M. Grothe, R. Hall-Wilton, M. Herndon, A. Hervé, K. Kaadze, P. Klabbers, J. Klukas, A. Lanaro, C. Lazaridis, R. Loveless, A. Mohapatra, M. U. Mozer, I. Ojalvo, G. A. Pierro, I. Ross, A. Savin, W. H. Smith, and J. Swanson
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Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity ,QC770-798 - Published
- 2022
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45. Nanoscale heterogeneity of ultrafast many-body carrier dynamics in triple cation perovskites
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Jun Nishida, Peter T. S. Chang, Jiselle Y. Ye, Prachi Sharma, Dylan M. Wharton, Samuel C. Johnson, Sean E. Shaheen, and Markus B. Raschke
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Science - Abstract
The optoelectronic performance of lead halide perovskite in highfluence applications are hindered by heterogeneous multi-polaron interactions in the nanoscale. Here, Nishda et al. spatially resolve sub-ns relaxation dynamics on the nanometer scale by ultrafast infrared pumpprobe nanoimaging.
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- 2022
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46. Recurrent bilateral cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma arising within hypertrophic lichen planus with metastasis while on cemiplimab
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Melissa C. Leeolou, BS, Nareh Marukian Burgren, MD, Carolyn S. Lee, MD, PhD, Arash Momeni, MD, Harlan Pinto, MD, Peter Johannet, MD, Cara Liebert, MD, Kristin M. Nord, MD, and Anne Lynn S. Chang, MD
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cutaneous immune-related adverse event ,cutaneous toxicity ,hypertrophic lichen planus ,hyponatremia ,lichen planus ,lichenoid ,Dermatology ,RL1-803 - Published
- 2022
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47. Lysyl-tRNA synthetase, a target for urgently needed M. tuberculosis drugs
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Simon R. Green, Susan H. Davis, Sebastian Damerow, Curtis A. Engelhart, Michael Mathieson, Beatriz Baragaña, David A. Robinson, Jevgenia Tamjar, Alice Dawson, Fabio K. Tamaki, Kirsteen I. Buchanan, John Post, Karen Dowers, Sharon M. Shepherd, Chimed Jansen, Fabio Zuccotto, Ian H. Gilbert, Ola Epemolu, Jennifer Riley, Laste Stojanovski, Maria Osuna-Cabello, Esther Pérez-Herrán, María José Rebollo, Laura Guijarro López, Patricia Casado Castro, Isabel Camino, Heather C. Kim, James M. Bean, Navid Nahiyaan, Kyu Y. Rhee, Qinglan Wang, Vee Y. Tan, Helena I. M. Boshoff, Paul J. Converse, Si-Yang Li, Yong S. Chang, Nader Fotouhi, Anna M. Upton, Eric L. Nuermberger, Dirk Schnappinger, Kevin D. Read, Lourdes Encinas, Robert H. Bates, Paul G. Wyatt, and Laura A. T. Cleghorn
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Science - Abstract
Tuberculosis is a major cause of mortality, and the rise of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis requires the urgent development of safe and effective treatments. In this work, the authors develop a compound against lysyl-tRNA synthetase, demonstrating on-target mechanism of action and efficacy in vivo.
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- 2022
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48. Excitonic and deep-level emission from N- and Al-polar homoepitaxial AlN grown by molecular beam epitaxy
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L. van Deurzen, J. Singhal, J. Encomendero, N. Pieczulewski, C. S. Chang, Y. Cho, D. A. Muller, H. G. Xing, D. Jena, O. Brandt, and J. Lähnemann
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Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
Using low-temperature cathodoluminescence spectroscopy, we study the properties of N- and Al-polar AlN layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy on bulk AlN{0001}. Compared with the bulk AlN substrate, layers of both polarities feature a suppression of deep-level luminescence, a total absence of the prevalent donor with an exciton binding energy of 28 meV, and a much increased intensity of the emission from free excitons. The dominant donor in these layers is characterized by an associated exciton binding energy of 13 meV. The observation of excited exciton states up to the exciton continuum allows us to directly extract the Γ5 free exciton binding energy of 57 meV.
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- 2023
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49. Sternoclavicular Joint Reconstruction With Gracilis Tendon Autograft
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John M. Apostolakos, M.D., M.P.H., Toufic R. Jildeh, M.D., Rony-Orijit Dey Hazra, M.D., Maria E. Dey Hazra, M.D., Peter S. Chang, M.D., Annabel R. Geissbuhler, B.S., Joan C. Rutledge, B.S., and Peter J. Millett, M.D., M.Sc.
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Orthopedic surgery ,RD701-811 - Abstract
Clinical instability of the sternoclavicular (SC) joint is a challenging problem. Recurrent subluxation and pain can lead to significant functional limitations. Although many patients respond positively to conservative treatment, chronic dislocations often require operative intervention. The complex anatomy of the diarthrodial SC joint and the existence of concomitant SC joint degenerative changes compounded with close-by neurovascular structures present a surgical challenge. The purpose of this Technical Note is to describe a technique for the open management of symptomatic sternoclavicular joint instability using a figure-of-8 reconstruction with a gracilis autograft. The present authors believe this technique provides a technically safe and reproducible method for reconstructing the SC joint without compromising biomechanical strength.
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- 2023
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50. Preliminary feasibility study using a solution of synthetic enzymes to replace the natural enzymes in polyhemoglobin-catalase-superoxide dismutase-carbonic anhydrase: effect on warm ischemic hepatocyte cell culture
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M. Hoq and T. M. S. Chang
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regenerative medicine ,artificial cell ,polyhemoglobin ,synthetic enzyme ,warm ischemia ,oxygen carrier ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
This is a study on a simple solution of chemically prepared small chemical molecules of synthetic enzymes: catalase, superoxide dismutase, and carbonic anhydrase (CAT, SOD, and CA). We carried out a study to see if these synthetic enzymes can replace the natural enzymes (CAT, SOD, and CA) and avoid the need for the complicated cross-linking of natural enzymes to PolyHb to form PolyHb-CAT-SOD-CA. We compared the effect a solution of these three synthetic enzymes has on the viability of warm-ischemic hepatocytes that were exposed to nitrogen for 1 h at 37°C. PolyHb significantly increased the viability. The three synthetic enzymes themselves also significantly increased the viability. The use of both PolyHb and the three synthetic enzymes resulted in an additive effect in the recovery of viability. Increasing the concentration of the synthetic enzymes resulted in further increase in the effect due to the synthetic enzymes.Implications: In addition to PolyHb, there are a number of other HBOC oxygen carriers. However, only Biopure’s HBOC product has received regulatory approval, but only in Russia and South Africa. None of the HBOCs has received regulatory approval by other countries. If regulatory agencies require HBOCs to have antioxidant or CO2 transport properties, all that is needed is to add or inject the solution of synthetic enzymes as a separate component.
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- 2023
- Full Text
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