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4,860 results on '"P. OGDEN"'

1. Using polynomials to find lower bounds for $r$-bond bootstrap percolation

Author

Morrison, Natasha and Ogden, Shannon

Subjects
Mathematics - Combinatorics
Abstract

The $r$-bond bootstrap percolation process on a graph $G$ begins with a set $S$ of infected edges of $G$ (all other edges are healthy). At each step, a healthy edge becomes infected if at least one of its endpoints is incident with at least $r$ infected edges (and it remains infected). If $S$ eventually infects all of $E(G)$, we say $S$ percolates. In this paper we provide recursive formulae for the minimum size of percolating sets in several large families of graphs. We utilise an algebraic method introduced by Hambardzumyan, Hatami, and Qian, and substantially extend and generalise their work., Comment: 28 pages, 4 figures

Published
2024

2. CELI: Controller-Embedded Language Model Interactions

Author

Wagner, Jan-Samuel, DeCaprio, Dave, Raja, Abishek Chiffon Muthu, Holman, Jonathan M., Brady, Lauren K., Cheung, Sky C., Barzekar, Hosein, Yang, Eric, Martinez II, Mark Anthony, Soong, David, Sridhar, Sriram, Si, Han, Higgs, Brandon W., Hamadeh, Hisham, and Ogden, Scott

Subjects
Computer Science - Software Engineering, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Computation and Language, 68T50, 68Q32, 68N19, I.2.6, I.2.7, D.2.2
Abstract

We introduce Controller-Embedded Language Model Interactions (CELI), a framework that integrates control logic directly within language model (LM) prompts, facilitating complex, multi-stage task execution. CELI addresses limitations of existing prompt engineering and workflow optimization techniques by embedding control logic directly within the operational context of language models, enabling dynamic adaptation to evolving task requirements. Our framework transfers control from the traditional programming execution environment to the LMs, allowing them to autonomously manage computational workflows while maintaining seamless interaction with external systems and functions. CELI supports arbitrary function calls with variable arguments, bridging the gap between LMs' adaptive reasoning capabilities and conventional software paradigms' structured control mechanisms. To evaluate CELI's versatility and effectiveness, we conducted case studies in two distinct domains: code generation (HumanEval benchmark) and multi-stage content generation (Wikipedia-style articles). The results demonstrate notable performance improvements across a range of domains. CELI achieved a 4.9 percentage point improvement over the best reported score of the baseline GPT-4 model on the HumanEval code generation benchmark. In multi-stage content generation, 94.4% of CELI-produced Wikipedia-style articles met or exceeded first draft quality when optimally configured, with 44.4% achieving high quality. These outcomes underscore CELI's potential for optimizing AI-driven workflows across diverse computational domains., Comment: 26 pages, 2 figures

Published
2024

3. Multilevel Interpretability Of Artificial Neural Networks: Leveraging Framework And Methods From Neuroscience

Author

He, Zhonghao, Achterberg, Jascha, Collins, Katie, Nejad, Kevin, Akarca, Danyal, Yang, Yinzhu, Gurnee, Wes, Sucholutsky, Ilia, Tang, Yuhan, Ianov, Rebeca, Ogden, George, Li, Chole, Sandbrink, Kai, Casper, Stephen, Ivanova, Anna, and Lindsay, Grace W.

Subjects
Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition
Abstract

As deep learning systems are scaled up to many billions of parameters, relating their internal structure to external behaviors becomes very challenging. Although daunting, this problem is not new: Neuroscientists and cognitive scientists have accumulated decades of experience analyzing a particularly complex system - the brain. In this work, we argue that interpreting both biological and artificial neural systems requires analyzing those systems at multiple levels of analysis, with different analytic tools for each level. We first lay out a joint grand challenge among scientists who study the brain and who study artificial neural networks: understanding how distributed neural mechanisms give rise to complex cognition and behavior. We then present a series of analytical tools that can be used to analyze biological and artificial neural systems, organizing those tools according to Marr's three levels of analysis: computation/behavior, algorithm/representation, and implementation. Overall, the multilevel interpretability framework provides a principled way to tackle neural system complexity; links structure, computation, and behavior; clarifies assumptions and research priorities at each level; and paves the way toward a unified effort for understanding intelligent systems, may they be biological or artificial.

Published
2024

4. Characterization of foam-filled hohlraums for inertial fusion experiments

Author

Iaquinta, Sam, Amendt, Peter, Milovich, Jose, Dewald, Eduard, Divol, Laurent, Jones, Ogden, Suter, Larry, Wallace, Russel, Bingham, Robert, Glenzer, Siegfried, and Gregori, Gianluca

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

On the path towards high-gain inertial confinement fusion ignition, foams are being considered to tamp the hohlraum wall-motion, and mitigate laser backscattering from Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) and Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS). Here we present the results from an experimental campaign on foam-filled hohlraums conducted at the OMEGA laser facility. SiO2 foam-fills, with densities as low as 1 mg/cm3, successfully reduce the gold wall expansion, with laser backscattering comparable to gas-fill.

Published
2024

5. A constant rank theorem for special Lagrangian equations

Author

Ogden, W. Jacob and Yuan, Yu

Subjects
Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, Mathematics - Differential Geometry, 35J60, 35B08, 35B50
Abstract

Constant rank theorems are obtained for saddle solutions to the special Lagrangian equation and the quadratic Hessian equation. The argument also leads to Liouville type results for the special Lagrangian equation with subcritical phase, matching the known rigidity results for semiconvex entire solutions to the quadratic Hessian equation.

Published
2024

6. A note on the invertibility of oriented graphs

Author

Behague, Natalie, Johnston, Tom, Morrison, Natasha, and Ogden, Shannon

Subjects
Mathematics - Combinatorics
Abstract

For an oriented graph $D$ and a set $X\subseteq V(D)$, the inversion of $X$ in $D$ is the graph obtained from $D$ by reversing the orientation of each edge that has both endpoints in $X$. Define the inversion number of $D$, denoted $inv(D)$, to be the minimum number of inversions required to obtain an acyclic oriented graph from $D$. We show that $inv({D_1 \rightarrow D_2}) > inv(D_1)$, for any oriented graphs $D_1$ and $D_2$ such that $inv(D_1) = inv(D_2) \ge 1$. This resolves a question of Aubian, Havet, H\"{o}rsch, Klingelhoefer, Nisse, Rambaud and Vermande. Our proof proceeds via a natural connection between the graph inversion number and the subgraph complementation number., Comment: 10 pages

Published
2024

7. School System Responses to Racial Injustice. Technical Report

Author

National Center for Research on Education Access and Choice (REACH), University of Southern California (USC), Center on Education Policy, Equity and Governance (CEPEG), Enoch-Stevens, Taylor, Daramola, Eupha Jeanne, Marsh, Julie, Mulfinger, Laura, Ogden, Kait, Bradley, Duwana, Hemphill, Annie, and Williams, Sheneka

Abstract

Over the past two years, there have been calls for racial justice in nearly every sphere of social and political life, including the field of education. As much of the nation reeled at yet another life violently taken at the hands of a police officer, education workers faced the challenge of responding to local and national demands for policy change at the school and district levels in order to better meet the academic, social emotional, and other personal needs of racially minoritized students. In this report, the researchers share data from our 2020-21 study of how schools in eight districts across the United States responded to racial injustice, as well as parents' satisfaction with these responses. Specifically, they ask: (1) How did school systems in different sectors (i.e. traditional versus charter) respond to heightened attention to racial injustice?; (2) How did these different organizational contexts or other conditions shape response?; and (3) How did parents experience this year of racial reckoning and system responses? [For "A Year That Forced Change: Examining How Schools and School Systems Adapted to the Challenges of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Calls for Racial Justice in 2020. Policy Brief," see ED629490.]

Published
2023

8. A Year That Forced Change: Examining How Schools and School Systems Adapted to the Challenges of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Calls for Racial Justice in 2020. Policy Brief

Author

National Center for Research on Education Access and Choice (REACH), University of Southern California (USC), Center on Education Policy, Equity and Governance (CEPEG), Jabbar, Huriya, Enoch-Stevens, Taylor, Winchell Lenhoff, Sarah, Marsh, Julie, Daramola, Eupha Jeanne, Alonso, Jacob, Singer, Jeremy, Watson, Chanteliese, Mulfinger, Laura, Ogden, Kait, Bradley, Dwuana, Hemphill, Annie, and Williams, Sheneka

Abstract

In the spring of 2020, the COVID-19 virus shuttered schools across the country and world and calls for racial justice expanded into nearly every sphere of social and political life as the nation reeled at another life violently taken at the hands of a police officer. School system leaders faced difficult decisions about delivering instruction while maintaining the safety and well-being of students, families, faculty, and staff. Moreover, the spotlight on racial injustice also drew attention to the need for educational reform to better serve historically marginalized students with academic, social, emotional, and other special needs. This research explores how educational institutions and their systems responded to two sudden disruptions, the COVID-19 pandemic and increased awareness of racial inequity. This research compared responses from traditional, charter, voucher-receiving private schools and rural and urban districts. The findings were based on 68 interviews with district, school, and community leaders and 46 interviews with parents, plus website, social media, and document analysis across four states and Washington, DC. [For the "School System Responses to Racial Injustice. Technical Report," see ED629491. For the "System Responses to Crisis: Organizational Perspectives. Technical Report," see ED629492.]

Published
2023

11. Flexible Models for Simple Longitudinal Data

Author

Ogden, Helen

Subjects
Statistics - Methodology, Statistics - Applications
Abstract

We propose a new method for modelling simple longitudinal data. We aim to do this in a flexible manner (without restrictive assumptions about the shapes of individual trajectories), while exploiting structural similarities between the trajectories. Hierarchical models (such as linear mixed models, generalised additive mixed models and hierarchical generalised additive models) are commonly used to model longitudinal data, but fail to meet one or other of these requirements: either they make restrictive assumptions about the shape of individual trajectories, or fail to exploit structural similarities between trajectories. Functional principal components analysis promises to fulfil both requirements, and methods for functional principal components analysis have been developed for longitudinal data. However, we find that existing methods sometimes give poor-quality estimates of individual trajectories, particularly when the number of observations on each individual is small. We develop a new approach, which we call hierarchical modelling with functional principal components. Inference is conducted based on the full likelihood of all unknown quantities, with a penalty term to control the balance between fit to the data and smoothness of the trajectories. We run simulation studies to demonstrate that the new method substantially improves the quality of inference relative to existing methods across a range of examples, and apply the method to data on changes in body composition in adolescent girls.

Published
2024

12. Successor Heads: Recurring, Interpretable Attention Heads In The Wild

Author

Gould, Rhys, Ong, Euan, Ogden, George, and Conmy, Arthur

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract

In this work we present successor heads: attention heads that increment tokens with a natural ordering, such as numbers, months, and days. For example, successor heads increment 'Monday' into 'Tuesday'. We explain the successor head behavior with an approach rooted in mechanistic interpretability, the field that aims to explain how models complete tasks in human-understandable terms. Existing research in this area has found interpretable language model components in small toy models. However, results in toy models have not yet led to insights that explain the internals of frontier models and little is currently understood about the internal operations of large language models. In this paper, we analyze the behavior of successor heads in large language models (LLMs) and find that they implement abstract representations that are common to different architectures. They form in LLMs with as few as 31 million parameters, and at least as many as 12 billion parameters, such as GPT-2, Pythia, and Llama-2. We find a set of 'mod-10 features' that underlie how successor heads increment in LLMs across different architectures and sizes. We perform vector arithmetic with these features to edit head behavior and provide insights into numeric representations within LLMs. Additionally, we study the behavior of successor heads on natural language data, identifying interpretable polysemanticity in a Pythia successor head., Comment: 12 main text pages, with appendix

Published
2023

14. Role of Grit and Other Factors in Mitigating Math Anxiety in College Math Students

Author

Lori Ogden, Marjorie Darrah, and Monica Leppma

Abstract

Math anxiety refers to feelings people get when facing computational challenges. The fear of failure often causes people to avoid activities, like taking challenging mathematics courses or choosing majors that require mathematics. Grit describes how people persist or persevere in the wake of failure. This article looks at factors that contribute to a person having grit and the interaction of grit and math anxiety. Students (N = 258) enrolled in college math classes at a large university completed a set of surveys that indicated their levels of self-compassion, mindfulness, self-efficacy, math anxiety, and grit. The analyses of the data found that grit predicted math anxiety, and that self-compassion, mindfulness, and self-efficacy predicted grit. The results of this study suggest that promoting factors that help students develop grit can in turn affect their math anxiety and thus their persistence in mathematics courses and STEM majors. [For the complete proceedings, see ED658295.]

Published
2023

20. Gaia Focused Product Release: Sources from Service Interface Function image analysis -- Half a million new sources in omega Centauri

Author

Gaia Collaboration, Weingrill, K., Mints, A., Castañeda, J., Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Davidson, M., De Angeli, F., Hernández, J., Torra, F., Ramos-Lerate, M., Babusiaux, C., Biermann, M., Crowley, C., Evans, D. W., Lindegren, L., Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Palaversa, L., Mieres, D. Ruz, Tisanić, K., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Arenou, F., Barbier, A., Creevey, O. L., Ducourant, C., Eyer, L., Guerra, R., Hutton, A., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Smiljanic, R., Tanga, P., Walton, N. A., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Katz, D., Soubiran, C., van Leeuwen, F., Audard, M., Bakker, J., Blomme, R., Fabricius, C., Fouesneau, M., Frémat, Y., Galluccio, L., Guerrier, A., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Nicolas, C., Nienartowicz, K., Pailler, F., Panuzzo, P., Riclet, F., Roux, W., Seabroke, G. M., Sordo, R., Thévenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Portell, J., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Burgess, P. W., Busonero, D., Busso, G., Cánovas, H., Carry, B., Cheek, N., Clementini, G., Damerdji, Y., de Teodoro, P., Delchambre, L., DellÓro, A., Garcia, E. Fraile, Garabato, D., García-Lario, P., Torres, N. Garralda, Gavras, P., Haigron, R., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Holl, B., Jamal, S., Jordan, S., Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Löffler, W., Lorca, A., Marchal, O., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Campos, M. Nuñez, Oreshina-Slezak, I., Osborne, P., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Recio-Blanco, A., Riello, M., Rimoldini, L., Robin, A. C., Roegiers, T., Sarro, L. M., Schultheis, M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Utrilla, E., van Leeuwen, M., Abbas, U., Ábrahám, P., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Aerts, C., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Anders, F., Anderson, R. I., Antoja, T., Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barbato, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartolomé, S., Bashi, D., Bauchet, N., Baudeau, N., Becciani, U., Bedin, L. R., Bellas-Velidis, I., Bellazzini, M., Beordo, W., Berihuete, A., Bernet, M., Bertolotto, C., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Binnenfeld, A., Blazere, A., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Bouquillon, S., Bragaglia, A., Braine, J., Bramante, L., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cannizzo, S., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carnerero, M. I., Carrasco, J. M., Carretero, J., Carton, S., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Cesare, V., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiaramida, V., Chiavassa, A., Chornay, N., Collins, R., Contursi, G., Cooper, W. J., Cornez, T., Crosta, M., Dafonte, C., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Souza, R., de Torres, A., del Peloso, E. F., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Dharmawardena, T. E., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Dsilva, K., Durán, J., Enke, H., Esquej, P., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Fatović, M., Fedorets, G., Fernández-Hernández, J., Fernique, P., Figueras, F., Fournier, Y., Fouron, C., Gai, M., Galinier, M., Garcia-Gutierrez, A., García-Torres, M., Garofalo, A., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomel, R., Gomez, A., González-Núñez, J., González-Santamaría, I., Gosset, E., Granvik, M., Barrera, V. Gregori, Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Haywood, M., Helmer, A., Helmi, A., Henares, K., Hidalgo, S. L., Hilger, T., Hobbs, D., Hottier, C., Huckle, H. E., Jabłońska, M., Jansen, F., Jiménez-Arranz, Ó., Campillo, J. Juaristi, Khanna, S., Kordopatis, G., Kóspál, Á, Kun, M., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Campion, J. -F. Le, Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lecoutre, G., Liao, S., Liberato, L., Licata, E., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Loup, C., Mahy, L., Mann, R. G., Manteiga, M., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Pina, D. Marín, Marinoni, S., Marshall, D. J., Lozano, J. Martín, Marton, G., Mary, N., Masip, A., Massari, D., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Meichsner, J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnár, L., Monari, G., Monguió, M., Montegriffo, P., Montero, A., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Mowlavi, N., Munoz, D., Muraveva, T., Murphy, C. P., Musella, I., Nagy, Z., Nieto, S., Noval, L., Ogden, A., Ordenovic, C., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palicio, P. A., Pallas-Quintela, L., Panahi, A., Panem, C., Payne-Wardenaar, S., Pegoraro, L., Penttilä, A., Pesciullesi, P., Piersimoni, A. M., Pinamonti, M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Pourbaix, D., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Rainer, M., Raiteri, C. M., Ramos, P., Ratajczak, M., Fiorentin, P. Re, Regibo, S., Reylé, C., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rix, H. -W., Rixon, G., Robichon, N., Robin, C., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Rybicki, K. A., Sadowski, G., Núñez, A. Sáez, Sellés, A. Sagristà, Sahlmann, J., Gimenez, V. Sanchez, Sanna, N., Santoveña, R., Sarasso, M., Riera, C. Sarrate, Sciacca, E., Segovia, J. C., Ségransan, D., Shahaf, S., Siebert, A., Siltala, L., Slezak, E., Smart, R. L., Snaith, O. N., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spina, L., Spitoni, E., Spoto, F., Squillante, L. A., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Taris, F., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Tolomei, L., Elipe, G. Torralba, Trabucchi, M., Tsantaki, M., Ulla, A., Unger, N., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Vicente, D., Voutsinas, S., Weiler, M., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Zwitter, T., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Leclerc, N., Morgenthaler, S., Robert, G., and Zucker, S.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Gaia's readout window strategy is challenged by very dense fields in the sky. Therefore, in addition to standard Gaia observations, full Sky Mapper (SM) images were recorded for nine selected regions in the sky. A new software pipeline exploits these Service Interface Function (SIF) images of crowded fields (CFs), making use of the availability of the full two-dimensional (2D) information. This new pipeline produced half a million additional Gaia sources in the region of the omega Centauri ($\omega$ Cen) cluster, which are published with this Focused Product Release. We discuss the dedicated SIF CF data reduction pipeline, validate its data products, and introduce their Gaia archive table. Our aim is to improve the completeness of the {\it Gaia} source inventory in a very dense region in the sky, $\omega$ Cen. An adapted version of {\it Gaia}'s Source Detection and Image Parameter Determination software located sources in the 2D SIF CF images. We validated the results by comparing them to the public {\it Gaia} DR3 catalogue and external Hubble Space Telescope data. With this Focused Product Release, 526\,587 new sources have been added to the {\it Gaia} catalogue in $\omega$ Cen. Apart from positions and brightnesses, the additional catalogue contains parallaxes and proper motions, but no meaningful colour information. While SIF CF source parameters generally have a lower precision than nominal {\it Gaia} sources, in the cluster centre they increase the depth of the combined catalogue by three magnitudes and improve the source density by a factor of ten. This first SIF CF data publication already adds great value to the {\it Gaia} catalogue. It demonstrates what to expect for the fourth {\it Gaia} catalogue, which will contain additional sources for all nine SIF CF regions.

Published
2023
Full Text
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21. Gaia Focused Product Release: A catalogue of sources around quasars to search for strongly lensed quasars

Author

Gaia Collaboration, Krone-Martins, A., Ducourant, C., Galluccio, L., Delchambre, L., Oreshina-Slezak, I., Teixeira, R., Braine, J., Campion, J. -F. Le, Mignard, F., Roux, W., Blazere, A., Pegoraro, L., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Arenou, F., Babusiaux, C., Barbier, A., Biermann, M., Creevey, O. L., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Guerra, R., Hutton, A., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Smiljanic, R., Tanga, P., Walton, N. A., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Katz, D., Soubiran, C., van Leeuwen, F., Audard, M., Bakker, J., Blomme, R., Castaneda, J., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Fouesneau, M., Fremat, Y., Guerrier, A., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Nicolas, C., Nienartowicz, K., Pailler, F., Panuzzo, P., Riclet, F., Seabroke, G. M., Sordo, R., Thevenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Portell, J., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Burgess, P. W., Busonero, D., Busso, G., Canovas, H., Carry, B., Cheek, N., Clementini, G., Damerdji, Y., Davidson, M., de Teodoro, P., Dell'Oro, A., Garcia, E. Fraile, Garabato, D., Garcia-Lario, P., Torres, N. Garralda, Gavras, P., Haigron, R., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hernandez, J., Hodgkin, S. T., Holl, B., Jamal, S., Jordan, S., Lanzafame, A. C., Loffler, W., Lorca, A., Marchal, O., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Campos, M. Nunez, Osborne, P., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Recio-Blanco, A., Riello, M., Rimoldini, L., Robin, A. C., Roegiers, T., Sarro, L. M., Schultheis, M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Utrilla, E., van Leeuwen, M., Weingrill, K., Abbas, U., Abraham, P., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Aerts, C., Altavilla, G., Alvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Antoja, T., Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barbato, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartolome, S., Bashi, D., Bauchet, N., Baudeau, N., Becciani, U., Bedin, L. R., Bellas-Velidis, I., Bellazzini, M., Beordo, W., Berihuete, A., Bernet, M., Bertolotto, C., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Binnenfeld, A., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Bouquillon, S., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cannizzo, S., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carnerero, M. I., Carrasco, J. M., Carretero, J., Carton, S., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Cesare, V., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiaramida, V., Chiavassa, A., Chornay, N., Collins, R., Contursi, G., Cooper, W. J., Cornez, T., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Souza, R., de Torres, A., del Peloso, E. F., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Dharmawardena, T. E., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Dsilva, K., Duran, J., Enke, H., Esquej, P., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Fatovic, M., Fedorets, G., Fernandez-Hernandez, J., Fernique, P., Figueras, F., Fournier, Y., Fouron, C., Gai, M., Galinier, M., Garcia-Gutierrez, A., Garcia-Torres, M., Garofalo, A., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomel, R., Gomez, A., Gonzalez-Nunez, J., Gonzalez-Santamaria, I., Gosset, E., Granvik, M., Barrera, V. Gregori, Gutierrez-Sanchez, R., Haywood, M., Helmer, A., Helmi, A., Henares, K., Hidalgo, S. L., Hilger, T., Hobbs, D., Hottier, C., Huckle, H. E., Jablonska, M., Jansen, F., Jimenez-Arranz, O., Campillo, J. Juaristi, Khanna, S., Kordopatis, G., Kospal, A., Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Kun, M., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lecoutre, G., Liao, S., Liberato, L., Licata, E., Lindstrom, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Loup, C., Mahy, L., Mann, R. G., Manteiga, M., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Pina, D. Marin, Marinoni, S., Marshall, D. J., Lozano, J. Martin, Martin-Fleitas, J. M., Marton, G., Mary, N., Masip, A., Massari, D., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Meichsner, J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Mints, A., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnar, L., Monari, G., Monguio, M., Montegriffo, P., Montero, A., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Mowlavi, N., Munoz, D., Muraveva, T., Murphy, C. P., Musella, I., Nagy, Z., Nieto, S., Noval, L., Ogden, A., Ordenovic, C., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palaversa, L., Palicio, P. A., Pallas-Quintela, L., Panahi, A., Panem, C., Payne-Wardenaar, S., Penttila, A., Pesciullesi, P., Piersimoni, A. M., Pinamonti, M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Pourbaix, D., Prsa, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Rainer, M., Raiteri, C. M., Ramos, P., Ramos-Lerate, M., Ratajczak, M., Fiorentin, P. Re, Regibo, S., Reyle, C., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rix, H. -W., Rixon, G., Robichon, N., Robin, C., Romero-Gomez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Mieres, D. Ruz, Rybicki, K. A., Sadowski, G., Nunez, A. Saez, Selles, A. Sagrista, Sahlmann, J., Gimenez, V. Sanchez, Sanna, N., Santovena, R., Sarasso, M., Riera, C. Sarrate, Sciacca, E., Segovia, J. C., Segransan, D., Shahaf, S., Siebert, A., Siltala, L., Slezak, E., Smart, R. L., Snaith, O. N., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spina, L., Spitoni, E., Spoto, F., Squillante, L. A., Steele, I. A., Steidelmuller, H., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Taris, F., Taylor, M. B., Tisanic, K., Tolomei, L., Torra, F., Elipe, G. Torralba, Trabucchi, M., Tsantaki, M., Ulla, A., Unger, N., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Vicente, D., Voutsinas, S., Weiler, M., Wyrzykowski, L., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Zwitter, T., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Leclerc, N., Morgenthaler, S., Robert, G., and Zucker, S.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Context. Strongly lensed quasars are fundamental sources for cosmology. The Gaia space mission covers the entire sky with the unprecedented resolution of $0.18$" in the optical, making it an ideal instrument to search for gravitational lenses down to the limiting magnitude of 21. Nevertheless, the previous Gaia Data Releases are known to be incomplete for small angular separations such as those expected for most lenses. Aims. We present the Data Processing and Analysis Consortium GravLens pipeline, which was built to analyse all Gaia detections around quasars and to cluster them into sources, thus producing a catalogue of secondary sources around each quasar. We analysed the resulting catalogue to produce scores that indicate source configurations that are compatible with strongly lensed quasars. Methods. GravLens uses the DBSCAN unsupervised clustering algorithm to detect sources around quasars. The resulting catalogue of multiplets is then analysed with several methods to identify potential gravitational lenses. We developed and applied an outlier scoring method, a comparison between the average BP and RP spectra of the components, and we also used an extremely randomised tree algorithm. These methods produce scores to identify the most probable configurations and to establish a list of lens candidates. Results. We analysed the environment of 3 760 032 quasars. A total of 4 760 920 sources, including the quasars, were found within 6" of the quasar positions. This list is given in the Gaia archive. In 87\% of cases, the quasar remains a single source, and in 501 385 cases neighbouring sources were detected. We propose a list of 381 lensed candidates, of which we identified 49 as the most promising. Beyond these candidates, the associate tables in this Focused Product Release allow the entire community to explore the unique Gaia data for strong lensing studies further., Comment: 35 pages, 60 figures, accepted for publication by Astronomy and Astrophysics

Published
2023
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22. Gaia Focused Product Release: Radial velocity time series of long-period variables

Author

Gaia Collaboration, Trabucchi, M., Mowlavi, N., Lebzelter, T., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Audard, M., Eyer, L., García-Lario, P., Gavras, P., Holl, B., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Nienartowicz, K., Rimoldini, L., Sartoretti, P., Blomme, R., Frémat, Y., Marchal, O., Damerdji, Y., Brown, A. G. A., Guerrier, A., Panuzzo, P., Katz, D., Seabroke, G. M., Benson, K., Haigron, R., Smith, M., Lobel, A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Arenou, F., Babusiaux, C., Barbier, A., Biermann, M., Creevey, O. L., Ducourant, C., Evans, D. W., Guerra, R., Hutton, A., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Randich, S., Smiljanic, R., Tanga, P., Walton, N. A., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Lattanzi, M. G., Soubiran, C., van Leeuwen, F., Bakker, J., Castañeda, J., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Fouesneau, M., Galluccio, L., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Nicolas, C., Pailler, F., Riclet, F., Roux, W., Sordo, R., Thévenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Portell, J., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Berthier, J., Burgess, P. W., Busonero, D., Busso, G., Cánovas, H., Carry, B., Cheek, N., Clementini, G., Davidson, M., de Teodoro, P., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Garcia, E. Fraile, Garabato, D., Torres, N. Garralda, Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hernández, J., Hodgkin, S. T., Jamal, S., Jordan, S., Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Löffler, W., Lorca, A., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Campos, M. Nuñez, Oreshina-Slezak, I., Osborne, P., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Recio-Blanco, A., Riello, M., Robin, A. C., Roegiers, T., Sarro, L. M., Schultheis, M., Siopis, C., Sozzetti, A., Utrilla, E., van Leeuwen, M., Weingrill, K., Abbas, U., Ábrahám, P., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Aerts, C., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Anders, F., Anderson, R. I., Antoja, T., Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barbato, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartolomé, S., Bashi, D., Bauchet, N., Baudeau, N., Becciani, U., Bedin, L. R., Bellas-Velidis, I., Bellazzini, M., Beordo, W., Berihuete, A., Bernet, M., Bertolotto, C., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Binnenfeld, A., Blazere, A., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Bouquillon, S., Bragaglia, A., Braine, J., Bramante, L., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cannizzo, S., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carnerero, M. I., Carrasco, J. M., Carretero, J., Carton, S., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Cesare, V., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiaramida, V., Chiavassa, A., Chornay, N., Collins, R., Contursi, G., Cooper, W. J., Cornez, T., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., David, M., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., De Ridder, J., de Souza, R., de Torres, A., del Peloso, E. F., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Dharmawardena, T. E., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Dsilva, K., Durán, J., Enke, H., Esquej, P., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Fatović, M., Fedorets, G., Fernández-Hernández, J., Fernique, P., Figueras, F., Fournier, Y., Fouron, C., Gai, M., Galinier, M., Garcia-Gutierrez, A., García-Torres, M., Garofalo, A., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomel, R., Gomez, A., González-Núñez, J., González-Santamaría, I., Gosset, E., Granvik, M., Barrera, V. Gregori, Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Haywood, M., Helmer, A., Helmi, A., Henares, K., Hidalgo, S. L., Hilger, T., Hobbs, D., Hottier, C., Huckle, H. E., Jabłońska, M., Jansen, F., Jiménez-Arranz, Ó., Campillo, J. Juaristi, Khanna, S., Kordopatis, G., Kóspál, Á, Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Kun, M., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Campion, J. -F. Le, Lebreton, Y., Leccia, S., Lecoutre, G., Liao, S., Liberato, L., Licata, E., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Loup, C., Mahy, L., Mann, R. G., Manteiga, M., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Pina, D. Marín, Marinoni, S., Marshall, D. J., Lozano, J. Martín, Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Marton, G., Mary, N., Masip, A., Massari, D., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Meichsner, J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Mints, A., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnár, L., Monari, G., Monguió, M., Montegriffo, P., Montero, A., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Munoz, D., Muraveva, T., Murphy, C. P., Musella, I., Nagy, Z., Nieto, S., Noval, L., Ogden, A., Ordenovic, C., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palaversa, L., Palicio, P. A., Pallas-Quintela, L., Panahi, A., Panem, C., Payne-Wardenaar, S., Pegoraro, L., Penttilä, A., Pesciullesi, P., Piersimoni, A. M., Pinamonti, M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Pourbaix, D., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Rainer, M., Raiteri, C. M., Ramos, P., Ramos-Lerate, M., Ratajczak, M., Fiorentin, P. Re, Regibo, S., Reylé, C., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rix, H. -W., Rixon, G., Robichon, N., Robin, C., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Mieres, D. Ruz, Rybicki, K. A., Sadowski, G., Núñez, A. Sáez, Sellés, A. Sagristà, Sahlmann, J., Gimenez, V. Sanchez, Sanna, N., Santoveña, R., Sarasso, M., Riera, C. Sarrate, Sciacca, E., Segovia, J. C., Ségransan, D., Shahaf, S., Siebert, A., Siltala, L., Slezak, E., Smart, R. L., Snaith, O. N., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spina, L., Spitoni, E., Spoto, F., Squillante, L. A., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Taris, F., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Tisanić, K., Tolomei, L., Torra, F., Elipe, G. Torralba, Tsantaki, M., Ulla, A., Unger, N., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Vicente, D., Voutsinas, S., Weiler, M., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Zwitter, T., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Leclerc, N., Morgenthaler, S., Robert, G., and Zucker, S.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

The third Gaia Data Release (DR3) provided photometric time series of more than 2 million long-period variable (LPV) candidates. Anticipating the publication of full radial-velocity (RV) in DR4, this Focused Product Release (FPR) provides RV time series for a selection of LPVs with high-quality observations. We describe the production and content of the Gaia catalog of LPV RV time series, and the methods used to compute variability parameters published in the Gaia FPR. Starting from the DR3 LPVs catalog, we applied filters to construct a sample of sources with high-quality RV measurements. We modeled their RV and photometric time series to derive their periods and amplitudes, and further refined the sample by requiring compatibility between the RV period and at least one of the $G$, $G_{\rm BP}$, or $G_{\rm RP}$ photometric periods. The catalog includes RV time series and variability parameters for 9\,614 sources in the magnitude range $6\lesssim G/{\rm mag}\lesssim 14$, including a flagged top-quality subsample of 6\,093 stars whose RV periods are fully compatible with the values derived from the $G$, $G_{\rm BP}$, and $G_{\rm RP}$ photometric time series. The RV time series contain a mean of 24 measurements per source taken unevenly over a duration of about three years. We identify the great most sources (88%) as genuine LPVs, with about half of them showing a pulsation period and the other half displaying a long secondary period. The remaining 12% consists of candidate ellipsoidal binaries. Quality checks against RVs available in the literature show excellent agreement. We provide illustrative examples and cautionary remarks. The publication of RV time series for almost 10\,000 LPVs constitutes, by far, the largest such database available to date in the literature. The availability of simultaneous photometric measurements gives a unique added value to the Gaia catalog (abridged), Comment: 36 pages, 38 figures

Published
2023

23. Remarks on the Complex Euler Equations

Author

Albritton, Dallas and Ogden, W. Jacob

Subjects
Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs
Abstract

We consider a complexification of the Euler equations introduced by \v{S}ver\'ak which conserves energy. We prove that these complex Euler equations are nonlinearly ill-posed below analytic regularity and, moreover, we exhibit solutions which lose analyticity in finite time. Our examples are complex shear flows and, hence, one-dimensional. This motivates us to consider fully nonlinear systems in one spatial dimension which are non-hyperbolic near a constant equilibrium. We prove nonlinear ill-posedness and finite-time singularity for these models. Our approach is to construct an infinite-dimensional unstable manifold to capture the high frequency instability at the nonlinear level.

Published
2023

24. Minimum Bitrate Neuromorphic Encoding for Continuous-Time Gauss-Markov Processes

Author

Cuvelier, Travis, Ogden, Ronald, and Tanaka, Takashi

Subjects
Computer Science - Information Theory
Abstract

In this work, we study minimum data rate tracking of a dynamical system under a neuromorphic event-based sensing paradigm. We begin by bridging the gap between continuous-time (CT) system dynamics and information theory's causal rate distortion theory. We motivate the use of non-singular source codes to quantify bitrates in event-based sampling schemes. This permits an analysis of minimum bitrate event-based tracking using tools already established in the control and information theory literature. We derive novel, nontrivial lower bounds to event-based sensing, and compare the lower bound with the performance of well-known schemes in the established literature.

Published
2023

26. Perspectives on Drug Product Design Among Patients with Lung Cancer in the United Kingdom

Author

Joshua R. Coulter, Louis Edward Baig, Amy Antipas, Debra Montague, Angela Terry, Sally-Anne Dews, Michaela Ogden-Barker, Colm Doody, and Brett Hauber

Subjects
Lung cancer, Patient preference, Drug product design, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract

Abstract Introduction The use of oral anticancer medications has become more prevalent in cancer therapy. This is particularly the case in the management of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, when the treatment delivery interaction between the patient and the healthcare provider is removed, the risk of non-adherence increases. Insights into patient preferences can allow drug product formulation scientists to design more patient-centric medications that may promote an increase in adherence which, in turn, may lead to more beneficial health outcomes. Methods We conducted an advisory board with patients with NSCLC in the United Kingdom to elicit and understand preferences for drug product attributes related to appearance, instructions, and modality. The advisory board was preceded by a quantitative preference survey that included three object-case best–worst scaling exercises and was followed by administering the same survey to a broader group of patients to confirm the results. Results Patients strongly prefer once-daily dosing over more frequent dosing, regardless of the number of pills because taking tablets or capsules multiple times each day can disrupt daily activities. In addition, patients place high importance on surface smoothness because a rough surface implies decreased swallowability. Finally, food restrictions involving directions regarding taking medication with or without food represent difficulties for patients with cancer. Results of the follow-up survey confirmed these results. Conclusions Drug developers should attempt to limit the dosing of these medications to once-daily regimens, avoid surface roughness, and develop formulations that can be taken without regard to the timing of meals to the greatest extent possible.

Published
2024
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27. A conceptual health state diagram for modelling the transmission of a (re)emerging infectious respiratory disease in a human population

Author

Marc Avramov, Vanessa Gabriele-Rivet, Rachael M. Milwid, Victoria Ng, Nicholas H. Ogden, and Valerie Hongoh

Subjects
Mathematical modelling, Emerging disease, Reemerging disease, Pandemic, Epidemic, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Mathematical modelling of (re)emerging infectious respiratory diseases among humans poses multiple challenges for modellers, which can arise as a result of limited data and surveillance, uncertainty in the natural history of the disease, as well as public health and individual responses to outbreaks. Here, we propose a COVID-19-inspired health state diagram (HSD) to serve as a foundational framework for conceptualising the modelling process for (re)emerging respiratory diseases, and public health responses, in the early stages of their emergence. The HSD aims to serve as a starting point for reflection on the structure and parameterisation of a transmission model to assess the impact of the (re)emerging disease and the capacity of public health interventions to control transmission. We also explore the adaptability of the HSD to different (re)emerging diseases using the characteristics of three respiratory diseases of historical public health importance. We outline key questions to contemplate when applying and adapting this HSD to (re)emerging infectious diseases and provide reflections on adapting the framework for public health-related interventions.

Published
2024
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28. Get REAL: Development and Validation of the Rubric for the Evaluation of Apps for Learning

Author

Melanie Ann Weber, Mia Anzilotti, Reece Gormley, Christina Huber, Alyssa McGarvey, Grace McKee, Claire Ogden, Hannah Seinfeld, Julia Wank, and Arnold Olszewski

Abstract

Purpose: Technology, including educational applications (apps), is commonly used in schools by teachers and speech-language pathologists. Nonetheless, very little research has examined the efficacy of these apps for student learning or how to choose appropriate apps for instruction. Several previous rubrics to evaluate the instructional quality of apps have been published, yet limitations such as user training and time to administer have limited their use. The purpose of this study was to develop a comprehensive yet easy-to-use rubric for evaluating educational apps. Method: An iterative process guided the development and assessment of the Rubric for the Evaluation of Apps for Learning (REAL). Prior rubrics were synthesized to develop a comprehensive list of items. These items were condensed for simplicity purposes. A focus group and a survey of teachers and speech-language pathologists validated the rubric items and informed revisions. Multiple rounds of interrater reliability calculations and rubric revisions resulted in a final draft of the rubric, included here. Results: The final version of REAL passed validation and demonstrated evidence of interrater reliability among familiar users (Fleiss' [kappa] = 0.71-0.77) and those with no prior experience using the rubric (Fleiss' [kappa] = 0.46). The majority of practitioners (90%) reported that they would use the rubric in their practice. REAL was used to rate 10 apps teaching phonics and 10 apps teaching social skills; scores are presented for demonstration purposes and indicate a wide range of rankings. Conclusions: REAL is a feasible, comprehensive rubric for evaluating the quality of educational apps, for which there may be little to no published research evidence. Practitioners may be overwhelmed with the number of commercially available apps. REAL provides a tool to help them make decisions that benefit the children they serve.

Published
2024
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29. A Content Analysis of the Frequency of Fat Talk in Walt Disney Animation Films (1937-2021)

Author

Jane Ogden and Alissa Chohan

Abstract

Purpose: Previous research demonstrates a consistent association between the media and body and eating related issues in children. Recent research has highlighted a role for "fat talk" to describe discourses around body size and food. One key source of media information is Disney animation films, yet to date no research study has explored the verbal content of this genre. Design/methodology/approach: The present study used a content analysis to examine fat talk in Disney animation films (1937-2021; n = 53) with a focus on the frequency of fat talk, changes over time and differences between the genders and heroic statuses of the givers and receivers of fat talk. Fat talk was defined as relating to both body size and food and could be either positive or negative. Findings: Results revealed that there was more negative than positive fat talk per film; no significant changes over time; males were the givers of significantly more positive and negative fat talk than females and were also the receivers of more negative fat talk; good characters were the givers and receivers of more positive and negative fat talk and more self-directed negative fat talk than bad characters. Practical implications: The results are discussed in terms of possible legislation and parenting interventions to minimise the harm of this genre on young children. Originality/value: Disney animation films may not be as benign as often thought.

Published
2024
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30. Rest if You Must, but Don't You Quit: A Mixed Methods Study Examining PK-12 Black Women Principals' Experiences in Leadership and Burnout

Author

Jeri L. Ogden

Abstract

The landmark case of "Brown v Board of Topeka" in 1954 changed the trajectory for Black principals and the impact can still be felt 70 years later. Black women principals went from opening and leading schools to making up a mere seven percent of principals in elementary, middle, and high schools. They have long been an underutilized subject in educational leadership research. In this mixed methods study, there is an examination of Black women PK-12 public school principals' experiences and burnout. Utilizing the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI), 24 respondents had their burnout level measured. Eight of those respondents engaged in a semi-structured interview to share their experiences. The findings from this study indicate that all the respondents to the OLBI are experiencing moderate or high levels of burnout. Additionally, through a thematic analysis, five key themes were generated around the experiences of the participants. The data indicated that Acknowledge, Assess, and Advocate: A Framework for Self-Awareness Among Black Women Principals is a tool that can be used to support Black women principals in recognizing they are experiencing burnout and provide support for navigating the phenomenon. This study can have implications for not only Black women but also other women of color and people of historically marginalized groups with intersectional identities. Recommendations for future practice and research include an audit of recruitment practices when seeking Black women principals, a longitudinal study of burnout among Black women principals, and an examination of coping strategies and self-care practices among educational leaders at every level. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]

Published
2024

31. The Impact of Education Abroad Participation on College Student Success among First-Generation Students

Author

Anthony C. Ogden, Hsiu-Zu Ho, Yeana W. Lam, Angela D. Bell, Rachana Bhatt, Leslie Hodges, Coryn Shiflet, and Donald Rubin

Abstract

This study utilized the large-scale, multi-institutional CASSIE dataset to examine the impact of education abroad participation on academic outcomes for first-generation college students. Using robust multivariate matching methodology that effectively minimized self-selection bias, results showed the magnitude of benefit offered by studying abroad was greater for first-generation students than for continuing-generation students. Even after matching on a variety of background and prior achievement variables, first-generation students who studied abroad had higher 4- and 6-year graduation rates, had higher cumulative GPA scores, and took less time to graduate--relative to first-generation students who did not study abroad. These findings suggest that education abroad programming can be leveraged as a high-impact educational practice to promote college completion rates among first-generation students.

Published
2024
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32. Transnational Cultural Capital in Migrant Youth's School Transitions: Mobility Trajectories between Ghana and Germany

Author

Laura J. Ogden

Abstract

Research on migrant youth's school transitions has focused on the country of residence, ignoring migrant youth's pre-migration lives in the country of origin. Drawing on 14 months of multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork between Ghana and Germany, this paper instead analyses school transitions through migrant youth's mobility trajectories, encompassing all geographic moves and concurrent family constellations over time and space, both before and after migration. A mobility lens shows how resources gained in the country of origin -- including confidence, discipline, respect, and adaptability -- help migrant youth navigate their school transitions in the country of residence, thus becoming forms of transnational cultural capital.

Published
2024
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47. Correction: Clinical and cost-effectiveness of a New psychosocial intervention to support Independence in Dementia (NIDUS-family) for family carers and people living with dementia in their own homes: a randomised controlled trial

Author

Burton, Alexandra, Rapaport, Penny, Palomo, Marina, Lord, Kathryn, Budgett, Jessica, Barber, Julie, Hunter, Rachael, Butler, Laurie, Vickerstaff, Victoria, Rockwood, Kenneth, Ogden, Margaret, Smith, Debs, Lang, Iain, Livingston, Gill, Dow, Briony, Kales, Helen, Manthorpe, Jill, Walters, Kate, Hoe, Juanita, Orgeta, Vasiliki, Samus, Quincy, and Cooper, Claudia

Published
2024
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