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The physics case for quarkonium-production studies accessible at the US Electron Ion Collider is described., Comment: Latex, 84 pages. Review prepared for Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics

We investigate experimentally the undirected open microwave network $\Gamma $ with internal absorption composed of two coupled directed halves, unidirectional networks $\Gamma_{+} $ and $\Gamma_{-} $, corresponding to two possible directions of motion on their edges. The two-port scattering matrix of the network $\Gamma$ is measured and the spectral statistics and the elastic enhancement factor of the network are evaluated. The comparison of the number of experimental resonances with the theoretical one predicted by the Weyl's law shows that within the experimental resolution the resonances are doubly degenerate. This conclusion was also corroborated by the numerical calculations. Though the network is characterized by the time reversal symmetry the missing level spectral statistics and the elastic enhancement factor are rather close to the Gaussian unitary ensemble predictions in random matrix theory. We used numerical calculations for the open non-dissipative quantum graph possessing the same structure as the microwave network $\Gamma$ to investigate the doublet structures in the spectrum which otherwise would not be experimentally resolved. We show that the doublet size distribution is close to the Poisson distribution.

The accumulation of accreted matter onto the neutron star surface triggers exothermic reactions in the crust. The heat released as a result influences the luminosity exhibited by the X-ray transient. The most common approach to the kinetics of exothermic reactions in the crust of accreting neutron stars is to consider an infinite reaction rate. Here, we investigate accretion-related heat release in the accreted outer crust of a neutron star by including a time-dependent accretion cycle and experimentally based reaction rates in the kinetics of electron captures above the reaction threshold. A simple model was used to compute the zero temperature equation of state of a crust in which two nuclei can coexist. We solved the abundance of parent nuclei as a function of the depth in the star and the time variable using astrophysically motivated features of the accreting system. We calculated the heat release and neutrino loss associated to reactions in the outer crust. We report the existence of layers in the outer crust, which contain both parent and grand-daughter nuclei of electron captures. The reactions can occur deeper in the shell than the reaction threshold, thus releasing more heat per accreted baryon for a given accretion rate. The electron capture layers continue to exist even when the accretion has stopped. The heat sources are time- and pressure-dependent in accreting crusts of neutron stars. The total heat released is a function of astrophysical (active and quiescent time) and microscopic (reaction rate) parameters Therefore, we conclude these parameters should be considered individually and carefully for a range of different sources., Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables, 2 appendices, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics

Procedural video understanding is gaining attention in the vision and language community. Deep learning-based video analysis requires extensive data. Consequently, existing works often use web videos as training resources, making it challenging to query instructional contents from raw video observations. To address this issue, we propose a new dataset, COM Kitchens. The dataset consists of unedited overhead-view videos captured by smartphones, in which participants performed food preparation based on given recipes. Fixed-viewpoint video datasets often lack environmental diversity due to high camera setup costs. We used modern wide-angle smartphone lenses to cover cooking counters from sink to cooktop in an overhead view, capturing activity without in-person assistance. With this setup, we collected a diverse dataset by distributing smartphones to participants. With this dataset, we propose the novel video-to-text retrieval task Online Recipe Retrieval (OnRR) and new video captioning domain Dense Video Captioning on unedited Overhead-View videos (DVC-OV). Our experiments verified the capabilities and limitations of current web-video-based SOTA methods in handling these tasks., Comment: ECCV2024 accepted

This work uses a statistical framework to present and evaluate the ranking algorithm that has been used by F\'ed\'eration Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB) since 2020. The salient feature of the FIVB ranking is the use of the probabilistic model, which explicitly calculates the probabilities of the games to come. This explicit modeling is new in the context of official ranking, and we study the optimality of its parameters as well as its relationship with the ranking algorithm as such. The analysis is carried out using both analytical and numerical methods. We conclude that, from the modeling perspective, the use of the home-field advantage (HFA) would be beneficial and that the weighting of the game results is counterproductive. Regarding the algorithm itself, we explain the rationale beyond the approximations currently used and explain how to find new parameters which improve the performance. Finally, we propose a new model that drastically simplifies both the implementation and interpretation of the resulting algorithm.

We consider solutions of the Cauchy problem for semilinear equations with (possibly) different L\'evy operators. We provide various results on their convergence under the assumption that symbols of the involved operators converge to the symbol of some L\'evy operator. Some results are proved for a more general class of pseudodifferential operators.

Exclusive production of a $\chi_{c1}$ axial vector quarkonia in photon-proton scattering at high energies requires a $C$-odd $t$-channel exchange. In the limit of vanishing momentum transfer this occurs either via the exchange of a photon, the Primakoff process, where the spin of the proton does not change. For axial-vector meson production, as a consequence of the Landau-Yang theorem, the Primakoff cross section is finite as $t \to 0$. Alternatively, a $C$-odd spin dependent Odderon can be exchanged, which involves a spin flip of the proton. The resulting cross section is related to the square of the gluon Sivers function or its $\boldsymbol{k}_\perp^2$-moment. Using two models for the gluon Sivers function from the literature we compute the ratio of Sivers to Primakoff cross sections and the angular coefficient $\lambda_\theta$ governing the angular distribution of the $\chi_{c1} \to J/\psi + \gamma$ decay as functions of $x$. We point out that these observables constrain the magnitude of the gluon Sivers function at small $x$ which could be accessed in electron-proton scattering and ultraperipheral proton-proton and nucleus-proton collisions., Comment: 6 pages (with references), 3 figures

It has become standard that, when a SAT solver decides that a CNF $\Gamma$ is unsatisfiable, it produces a certificate of unsatisfiability in the form of a refutation of $\Gamma$ in some proof system. The system typically used is DRAT, which is equivalent to extended resolution (ER) -- for example, until this year DRAT refutations were required in the annual SAT competition. Recently [Bogaerts et al.~2023] introduced a new proof system, associated with the tool VeriPB, which is at least as strong as DRAT and is further able to handle certain symmetry-breaking techniques. We show that this system simulates the proof system $G_1$, which allows limited reasoning with QBFs and forms the first level above ER in a natural hierarchy of proof systems. This hierarchy is not known to be strict, but nevertheless this is evidence that the system of [Bogaerts et al. 2023] is plausibly strictly stronger than ER and DRAT. In the other direction, we show that symmetry-breaking for a single symmetry can be handled inside ER., Comment: To appear in the proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing (SAT 2024)

We give a tentative definition of the recently introduced Root-$T\bar{T}$ operator in a generic, two dimensional quantum conformal field theory with continuous spectrum of scaling weights. The definition assumes certain factorization properties and uses Schwinger parametrization to introduce the square root. Properties of the operator thus defined are investigated by explicit computation of variations of two- and three-point correlation functions., Comment: 28 pages, 1 figure; v2: references added

The Northern European Enclosure Dam (NEED) is a hypothetical project to prevent flooding in European countries following the rising ocean level due to melting arctic glaciers. This project involves the construction of two large dams between Scotland and Norway, as well as England and France. The anticipated cost of this project is 250 to 500 billion euros. In this paper, we present the simulation of the aftermath of flooding on the European coastline caused by a catastrophic break of this hypothetical dam. From our simulation results, we can observe that there is a traveling wave after the accident, with a velocity of around 10 kilometers per hour, raising the sea level permanently inside the dammed region. This observation implies a need to construct additional dams or barriers protecting the northern coastline of the Netherlands and the interior of the Baltic Sea. Our simulations have been obtained using the following building blocks. First, a graph transformation model was applied to generate an adaptive mesh approximating the topography of the Earth. We employ the composition graph grammar model for breaking triangular elements in the mesh without the generation of hanging nodes. Second, the wave equation is formulated in a spherical latitude-longitude system of coordinates and solved by a high-order time integration scheme using the generalized $\alpha$ method., Comment: 24 pages, 32 figures, 1 table

In this work, we explore LLM's internal representation space to identify attention heads that contain the most truthful and accurate information. We further developed the Inference Time Intervention (ITI) framework, which lets bias LLM without the need for fine-tuning. The improvement manifests in introducing a non-linear multi-token probing and multi-token intervention: Non-Linear ITI (NL-ITI), which significantly enhances performance on evaluation benchmarks. NL-ITI is tested on diverse multiple-choice datasets, including TruthfulQA, on which we report over 16% relative MC1 (accuracy of model pointing to the correct answer) improvement with respect to the baseline ITI results. Moreover, we achieved a 10% relative improvement over the recently released Truth Forest (TrFf) method that also focused on ITI improvement., Comment: Accepted on Interspeech 2024 Conference. Code is available at https://github.com/Samsung/NL-ITI

Finding schedules for pairwise meetings between the members of a complex social group without creating interpersonal conflict is challenging, especially when different relationships have different needs. We formally define and study the underlying optimisation problem: Polyamorous Scheduling. In Polyamorous Scheduling, we are given an edge-weighted graph and try to find a periodic schedule of matchings in this graph such that the maximal weighted waiting time between consecutive occurrences of the same edge is minimised. We show that the problem is NP-hard and that there is no efficient approximation algorithm with a better ratio than 4/3 unless P = NP. On the positive side, we obtain an $O(\log n)$-approximation algorithm; indeed, a $O(\log \Delta)$-approximation for $\Delta$ the maximum degree, i.e., the largest number of relationships of any individual. We also define a generalisation of density from the Pinwheel Scheduling Problem, "poly density", and ask whether there exists a poly-density threshold similar to the 5/6-density threshold for Pinwheel Scheduling [Kawamura, STOC 2024]. Polyamorous Scheduling is a natural generalisation of Pinwheel Scheduling with respect to its optimisation variant, Bamboo Garden Trimming. Our work contributes the first nontrivial hardness-of-approximation reduction for any periodic scheduling problem, and opens up numerous avenues for further study of Polyamorous Scheduling., Comment: v2: stronger and simplified hardness-of-approximation results, corrected constant in layering approximation algorithm

Exclusive $C=+1$ scalar, axial-vector, and tensor quarkonium production in high-energy electron-proton scattering requires a $C$-odd $t$-channel exchange of a photon or a three gluon ladder. We derive the expressions for the corresponding amplitudes. The relative phase of the photon vs. three gluon exchange amplitudes is determined by the sign of the light-front matrix element of the eikonal color current operator $d^{abc}J^{+a}J^{+b}J^{+c}$ at moderate $x$, and is not affected by small-$x$ QCD evolution. Model calculations predict constructive interference, which is particularly strong for momentum transfer $|t|\sim 1$~GeV$^2$ where the cross section for $\chi_{cJ}$ production exceeds that for pure photon exchange by up to a factor of 4. We find that exclusive $\chi_{cJ}$ electroproduction at the Electron-Ion Collider should occur with well measurable rates and measurements of these processes should allow to find an evidence of the perturbative Odderon exchange. We also compute the total electroproduction cross section as a function of energy and provide first estimates of the number of $\chi_{cJ}$ events per month at the Electron-Ion Collider design luminosity., Comment: minor updates, matches the published version

We investigate properties of the transmission amplitude of quantum graphs and microwave networks composed of regular polygons such as triangles and squares. We show that for the graphs composed of regular polygons with the edges of the length $l$ the transmission amplitude displays a band of transmission suppression with some narrow peaks of full transmission. The peaks are distributed symmetrically with respect to the symmetry axis $kl=\pi$, where $k$ is the wave vector. For microwave networks the transmission peak amplitudes are reduced and their symmetry is broken due to the influence of internal absorption. We demonstrate that for the graphs composed of the same polygons but separated by the edges of length $l' < l$ the transmission spectrum is generally not symmetric according to the axis $kl'=\pi$. We also show that graphs composed of regular polygons of different size with the edges being irrational numbers are not fully chaotic and their level spacing distribution and the spectral rigidity are well described by the Berry-Robnik distributions. Moreover, the transmission spectrum of such a graph displays peaks which are very close to $1$. Furthermore, the microwave networks are investigated in the time-domain using short Gaussian pulses. In this case the delay-time distributions, though very sensitive to the internal structure of the networks, show the sequences of transmitted peaks with the amplitudes much smaller than the input one. The analyzed properties of the graphs and networks suggest that they can be effectively used to manipulate quantum and wave transport.

We construct highest weight vectors of ${\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}_2}}_{,k+1} \oplus \mathsf{Vir}$ in tensor products of highest weight modules of ${\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}_2}}_{,k}$ and ${\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}_2}}_{,1}$, and thus for generic weights we find the decomposition of the tensor product into irreducibles of ${\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}_2}}_{,k+1} \oplus \mathsf{Vir}$. The construction uses Wakimoto representations of ${\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}_2}}_{,k}$, but the obtained vectors can be mapped back to Verma modules. Singularities of this mapping are cancelled by a renormalization. A detailed study of ``degenerations'' of Wakimoto modules allowed to find the renormalization factor explicitly. The obtained result is a significant step forward in a proof of equivalence of certain two-dimesnional CFT models., Comment: 37 pages, 1 figure, PDFLaTeX. Some material from the version 1 removed to make the paper more uniform

Let $ R_\gamma B^{s}_{p,q}(\mathbb{R}d)$ be a subspace of the Besov space $B^{s}_{p,q}(\mathbb{R}^d)$ that consists of block-radial (multi-radial) functions. We study an asymptotic behaviour of approximation numbers of compact embeddings $id: R_\gamma B^{s_1}_{p_1,q_1}(\mathbb{R}^d) \rightarrow R_\gamma B^{s_2}_{p_2,q_2}(\mathbb{R}^d)$. Moreover we find the sufficient and necessary condition for nuclearity of the above embeddings. Analogous results are proved for fractional Sobolev spaces $R_\gamma H^s_p(\mathbb{R}^d)$., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1809.00833

In this work, we consider the problem of regularization in the design of minimum mean square error (MMSE) linear filters. Using the relationship with statistical machine learning methods, using a Bayesian approach, the regularization parameter is found from the observed signals in a simple and automatic manner. The proposed approach is illustrated in system identification and beamforming examples, where the automatic regularization is shown to yield near-optimal results.

Measurements from particle timing detectors are often affected by the time walk effect caused by statistical fluctuations in the charge deposited by passing particles. The constant fraction discriminator (CFD) algorithm is frequently used to mitigate this effect both in test setups and in running experiments, such as the CMS-PPS system at the CERN's LHC. The CFD is simple and effective but does not leverage all voltage samples in a time series. Its performance could be enhanced with deep neural networks, which are commonly used for time series analysis, including computing the particle arrival time. We evaluated various neural network architectures using data acquired at the test beam facility in the DESY-II synchrotron, where a precise MCP (MicroChannel Plate) detector was installed in addition to PPS diamond timing detectors. MCP measurements were used as a reference to train the networks and compare the results with the standard CFD method. Ultimately, we improved the timing precision by 8% to 23%, depending on the detector's readout channel. The best results were obtained using a UNet-based model, which outperformed classical convolutional networks and the multilayer perceptron., Comment: The paper has been accepted for publication in Computer Science journal: http://journals.agh.edu.pl/csci

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a growing health problem worldwide and is a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness, especially among working people aged 20-65. Its incidence is increasing along with the number of diabetes cases, and it is more common in developed countries than in developing countries. Recent research in the field of diabetic retinopathy diagnosis is using advanced technologies, such as analysis of images obtained by ophthalmoscopy. Automatic methods for analyzing eye images based on neural networks, deep learning and image analysis algorithms can improve the efficiency of diagnosis. This paper describes an automatic DR diagnosis method that includes processing and analysis of ophthalmoscopic images of the eye. It uses morphological algorithms to identify the optic disc and lesions characteristic of DR, such as microaneurysms, hemorrhages and exudates. Automated DR diagnosis has the potential to improve the efficiency of early detection of this disease and contribute to reducing the number of cases of diabetes-related visual impairment. The final step was to create an application with a graphical user interface that allowed retinal images taken at cooperating ophthalmology offices to be uploaded to the server. These images were then analyzed using a developed algorithm to make a diagnosis., Comment: 18 pages, 9 figures, preprint

X-ray free-electron lasers are sources of coherent, high-intensity X-rays with numerous applications in ultra-fast measurements and dynamic structural imaging. Due to the stochastic nature of the self-amplified spontaneous emission process and the difficulty in controlling injection of electrons, output pulses exhibit significant noise and limited temporal coherence. Standard measurement techniques used for characterizing two-coloured X-ray pulses are challenging, as they are either invasive or diagnostically expensive. In this work, we employ machine learning methods such as neural networks and decision trees to predict the central photon energies of pairs of attosecond fundamental and second harmonic pulses using parameters that are easily recorded at the high-repetition rate of a single shot. Using real experimental data, we apply a detailed feature analysis on the input parameters while optimizing the training time of the machine learning methods. Our predictive models are able to make predictions of central photon energy for one of the pulses without measuring the other pulse, thereby leveraging the use of the spectrometer without having to extend its detection window. We anticipate applications in X-ray spectroscopy using XFELs, such as in time-resolved X-ray absorption and photoemission spectroscopy, where improved measurement of input spectra will lead to better experimental outcomes., Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures

In this paper we study the following nonlocal Dirichlet equation of double phase type \begin{align*} -\psi \left [ \int_\Omega \left ( \frac{|\nabla u |^p}{p} + \mu(x) \frac{|\nabla u|^q}{q}\right)\,\mathrm{d} x\right] \mathcal{G}(u) = f(x,u)\quad \text{in } \Omega, \quad u = 0\quad \text{on } \partial\Omega, \end{align*} where $\mathcal{G}$ is the double phase operator given by \begin{align*} \mathcal{G}(u)=\operatorname{div} \left(|\nabla u|^{p-2}\nabla u + \mu(x) |\nabla u|^{q-2}\nabla u \right)\quad u\in W^{1,\mathcal{H}}_0(\Omega), \end{align*} $\Omega\subseteq \mathbb{R}^N$, $N\geq 2$, is a bounded domain with Lipschitz boundary $\partial\Omega$, $10$ and $\vartheta \geq 1$, and $f\colon\Omega\times\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ is a Carath\'{e}odory function that grows superlinearly and subcritically. We prove the existence of two constant sign solutions (one is positive, the other one negative) and of a sign-changing solution which turns out to be a least energy sign-changing solution of the problem above. Our proofs are based on variational tools in combination with the quantitative deformation lemma and the Poincar\'{e}-Miranda existence theorem.

We study embeddings between generalised Triebel-Lizorkin-Morrey spaces ${\mathcal E}^{s}_{\varphi,p,q}({\mathbb R}^d)$ and within the scales of further generalised Morrey smoothness spaces like ${\mathcal N}^{s}_{\varphi,p,q}({\mathbb R}^d)$, ${B}_{p,q}^{s,\varphi}({\mathbb R}^d)$ and ${F}_{p,q}^{s,\varphi}({\mathbb R}^d)$. The latter have been investigated in a recent paper by the first two authors (2023), while the embeddings of the scale ${\mathcal N}^{s}_{\varphi,p,q}({\mathbb R}^d)$ were mainly obtained in a paper of the first and last two authors (2022). Now we concentrate on the characterisation of the spaces ${\mathcal E}^{s}_{\varphi,p,q}({\mathbb R}^d)$. Our approach requires a wavelet characterisation of those spaces which we establish for the system of Daubechies' wavelets. Then we prove necessary and sufficient conditions for the embedding ${\mathcal E}^{s_1}_{\varphi_1,p_1,q_1}({\mathbb R}^d)\hookrightarrow {\mathcal E}^{s_2}_{\varphi_2,p_2,q_2}({\mathbb R}^d)$. We can also provide some almost final answer to the question when ${\mathcal E}^{s}_{\varphi,p,q}({\mathbb R}^d)$ is embedded into $C({\mathbb R}^d)$, complementing our recent findings in case of ${\mathcal N}^{s}_{\varphi,p,q}({\mathbb R}^d)$.

We examine the cosmological consequences of the heavy quarks in KSVZ-type axion models. We find that their presence often causes an early matter domination phase, altering the evolution of the Universe. This extends the axion mass into the region where standard cosmology leads to overproduction, and allows for a greater number of axion models with non-renormalizable terms to be viable. Quantitatively, we find that decays proceeding through effective terms of up to dimension 9 ($d=9$) remain consistent with cosmological constraints, in contrast with the result $d\leq5$ previously found in the literature. As a consequence, the heavy quarks can be much heavier and the axion mass window with the correct relic density for dark matter is extended by orders of magnitude, down to $m_a\approx 6\times 10^{-9} \,{\rm eV}$. This is achieved without resorting to fine-tuning of the initial misalignment angle, bolstering the motivation for many future axion haloscope experiments. Additionally, we explore how these models can be probed through measurements of the number of relativistic degrees of freedom at recombination., Comment: 24 pages, 6 figures

The paper deals with continuous and compact mappings generated by the Fourier transform between distinguished Besov spaces $B^s_p(\mathbb{R}^n) = B^s_{p,p}(\mathbb{R}^n)$, $1\le p \le \infty$, and between Sobolev spaces $H^s_p(\mathbb{R}^n)$, $1

We report the observations of single pulse emission from the pulsar B0809+74 at 150 MHz using the Polish LOFAR station, PL-611. The three major phenomena of subpulse drifting, nulling and mode changing associated with single pulse variations are prominently seen in these observations. The pulsar has a single component conal profile and the single pulses are primarily in the ``normal'' drift mode with periodicity ($P_3$) 11.1$\pm$0.5 $P$ for 96\% of the observing duration, while the shorter duration ``slow-drift'' mode has $P_3$ = 15.7$\pm$1.2 $P$. We were able to measure the phase behaviour associated with drifting from the fluctuation spectral analysis that showed identical linear phase variations across the pulse window for both modes despite their different periodic behaviour. Earlier studies reported that the transitions from the normal state to the slow-drift mode were preceded by the presence of nulling with typical durations of 5 to 10 periods. Our observations however seem to suggest that the transition to nulling follows shortly after the pulsar switches to the slow-drift mode and not at the boundary between the modes, with one instance of complete absence of nulling between mode switching. In addition we also detected a second type of short duration nulls not associated with the mode changing that showed quasi-periodic behaviour with periodicity, $P_N\sim44\pm7$. The variety of features revealed in the single pulse sequence makes PSR B0809+74 an ideal candidate to understand the physical processes in the Partially Screened Gap dominated by non-dipolar magnetic fields., Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, accepted in MNRAS

In this article, we present a three-dimensional anisotropic $hp$-mesh refinement strategy for ultraweak discontinuous Petrov--Galerkin (DPG) formulations with optimal test functions. The refinement strategy utilizes the built-in residual-based error estimator accompanying the DPG discretization. The refinement strategy is a two-step process: (a) use the built-in error estimator to mark and isotropically $hp$-refine elements of the (coarse) mesh to generate a finer mesh; (b) use the reference solution on the finer mesh to compute optimal $h$- and $p$-refinements of the selected elements in the coarse mesh. The process is repeated with coarse and fine mesh being generated in every adaptation cycle, until a prescribed error tolerance is achieved. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed refinement strategy using several numerical examples on hexahedral meshes.

In this article, we employ the construction of the time-marching Discontinuous Petrov-Galerkin (DPG) scheme we developed for linear problems to derive high-order multistage DPG methods for non-linear systems of ordinary differential equations. The methodology extends to abstract evolution equations in Banach spaces, including a class of nonlinear partial differential equations. We present three nested multistage methods: the hybrid Euler method and the two- and three-stage DPG methods. We employ a linearization of the problem as in exponential Rosenbrock methods, so we need to compute exponential actions of the Jacobian that change from time steps. The key point of our construction is that one of the stages can be post-processed from another without an extra exponential step. Therefore, the class of methods we introduce is computationally cheaper than the classical exponential Rosenbrock methods. We provide a full convergence proof to show that the methods are second, third, and fourth-order accurate, respectively. We test the convergence in time of our methods on a 2D + time semi-linear partial differential equation after a semidiscretization in space.

We revisit the formation of a thermal population of hadronic axions in nonstandard cosmologies, in light of the recent developments in obtaining continuous and smooth interaction rates for both the gluon and photon couplings. For certain cosmological histories, such as low-temperature reheating (LTR) and kination-like scenarios, the thermalization of the axion can be severely delayed to higher masses. In the case that thermal equilibrium is achieved, we improve the constraints on LTR for axion masses around the eV scale with respect to previous works and we constrain for the first time early matter-dominated (EMD) cosmologies. We also point out the possibility of having the co-existence of cold and warm dark matter populations of axions in kination-like scenarios in the eV mass range., Comment: 44 pages, 12 figures; updated to match published version

In a time-harmonic setting, we show for heterogeneous acoustic and homogeneous electromagnetic wavesguides stability estimates with the stability constant depending linearly on the length $L$ of the waveguide. These stability estimates are used for the analysis of the (ideal) ultraweak (UW) variant of the Discontinuous Petrov Galerkin (DPG) method. For this UW DPG, we show that the stability deterioration with $L$ can be countered by suitably scaling the test norm of the method. We present the ``full envelope approximation'', a UW DPG method based on non-polynomial ansatz functions that allows for treating long waveguides.

Performing a large volume of experiments in Chemistry labs creates repetitive actions costing researchers time, automating these routines is highly desirable. Previous experiments in robotic chemistry have performed high numbers of experiments autonomously, however, these processes rely on automated machines in all stages from solid or liquid addition to analysis of the final product. In these systems every transition between machine requires the robotic chemist to pick and place glass vials, however, this is currently performed using open loop methods which require all equipment being used by the robot to be in well defined known locations. We seek to begin closing the loop in this vial handling process in a way which also fosters human-robot collaboration in the chemistry lab environment. To do this the robot must be able to detect valid placement positions for the vials it is collecting, and reliably insert them into the detected locations. We create a single modality visual method for estimating placement locations to provide a baseline before introducing two additional methods of feedback (force and tactile feedback). Our visual method uses a combination of classic computer vision methods and a CNN discriminator to detect possible insertion points, then a vial is grasped and positioned above an insertion point and the multi-modal methods guide the final insertion movements using an efficient search pattern. Through our experiments we show the baseline insertion rate of 48.78% improves to 89.55% with the addition of our "force and vision" multi-modal feedback method., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, accepted by CASE2023