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1. Dataset of night-time emissions of the Earth in the near UV range (290-430 nm), with 6.3 km resolution in the latitude range -51.6

Author

L. Marcelli, K. Bolmgren, D. Barghini, M. Battisti, C. Blaksley, S. Blin, A. Belov, M. Bertaina, M. Bianciotto, F. Bisconti, G. Cambiè, F. Capel, M. Casolino, I. Churilo, M. Crisconio, C. De La Taille, T. Ebisuzaki, J. Eser, F. Fenu, M.A. Franceschi, C. Fuglesang, A. Golzio, P. Gorodetzky, H. Kasuga, F. Kajino, P. Klimov, V. Kuznetsov, M. Manfrin, G. Mascetti, W. Marszal, H. Miyamoto, A. Murashov, T. Napolitano, H. Ohmori, A. Olinto, E. Parizot, P. Picozza, L.W. Piotrowski, Z. Plebaniak, G. Prevot, E. Reali, G. Romoli, M. Ricci, N. Sakaki, K. Shinozaki, J. Szabelski, Y. Takizawa, V. Vagelli, G. Valentini, M. Vrabel, and L. Wiencke

Subjects
UV terrestrial emissions, UV maps, ISS, Mini-EUSO, Earth observation from space, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Science (General), Q1-390
Abstract

The data presented in this article are related to the research paper entitled “Observation of night-time emissions of the Earth in the near UV range from the International Space Station with the Mini-EUSO detector” (Remote Sensing of Environment, Volume 284, January 2023, 113336, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2022.113336).The data have been acquired with the Mini-EUSO detector, an UV telescope operating in the range 290-430 nm and located inside the International Space Station. The detector was launched in August 2019, and it has started operations from the nadir-facing UV-transparent window in the Russian Zvezda module in October 2019. The data presented here refer to 32 sessions acquired between 2019-11-19 and 2021-05-06. The instrument consists of a Fresnel-lens optical system and a focal surface composed of 36 multi-anode photomultiplier tubes, each with 64 channels, for a total of 2304 channels with single photon counting sensitivity. The telescope, with a square field-of-view of 44°, has a spatial resolution on the Earth surface of 6.3 km and saves triggered transient phenomena with a temporal resolution of 2.5 µs and 320 µs. The telescope also operates in continuous acquisition at a 40.96 ms scale.In this article, large-area night-time UV maps obtained processing the 40.96 ms data, taking averages over regions of some specific geographical areas (e.g., Europe, North America) and over the entire globe, are presented. Data are binned into 0.1° × 0.1° or 0.05° × 0.05° cells (depending on the scale of the map) over the Earth's surface. Raw data are made available in the form of tables (latitude, longitude, counts) and .kmz files (containing the .png images). These are – to the best of our knowledge – the highest sensitivity data in this wavelength range and can be of use to various disciplines.

Published
2023
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2. Quantum error correction below the surface code threshold

Author

Acharya, Rajeev, Aghababaie-Beni, Laleh, Aleiner, Igor, Andersen, Trond I., Ansmann, Markus, Arute, Frank, Arya, Kunal, Asfaw, Abraham, Astrakhantsev, Nikita, Atalaya, Juan, Babbush, Ryan, Bacon, Dave, Ballard, Brian, Bardin, Joseph C., Bausch, Johannes, Bengtsson, Andreas, Bilmes, Alexander, Blackwell, Sam, Boixo, Sergio, Bortoli, Gina, Bourassa, Alexandre, Bovaird, Jenna, Brill, Leon, Broughton, Michael, Browne, David A., Buchea, Brett, Buckley, Bob B., Buell, David A., Burger, Tim, Burkett, Brian, Bushnell, Nicholas, Cabrera, Anthony, Campero, Juan, Chang, Hung-Shen, Chen, Yu, Chen, Zijun, Chiaro, Ben, Chik, Desmond, Chou, Charina, Claes, Jahan, Cleland, Agnetta Y., Cogan, Josh, Collins, Roberto, Conner, Paul, Courtney, William, Crook, Alexander L., Curtin, Ben, Das, Sayan, Davies, Alex, De Lorenzo, Laura, Debroy, Dripto M., Demura, Sean, Devoret, Michel, Di Paolo, Agustin, Donohoe, Paul, Drozdov, Ilya, Dunsworth, Andrew, Earle, Clint, Edlich, Thomas, Eickbusch, Alec, Elbag, Aviv Moshe, Elzouka, Mahmoud, Erickson, Catherine, Faoro, Lara, Farhi, Edward, Ferreira, Vinicius S., Burgos, Leslie Flores, Forati, Ebrahim, Fowler, Austin G., Foxen, Brooks, Ganjam, Suhas, Garcia, Gonzalo, Gasca, Robert, Genois, Élie, Giang, William, Gidney, Craig, Gilboa, Dar, Gosula, Raja, Dau, Alejandro Grajales, Graumann, Dietrich, Greene, Alex, Gross, Jonathan A., Habegger, Steve, Hall, John, Hamilton, Michael C., Hansen, Monica, Harrigan, Matthew P., Harrington, Sean D., Heras, Francisco J. H., Heslin, Stephen, Heu, Paula, Higgott, Oscar, Hill, Gordon, Hilton, Jeremy, Holland, George, Hong, Sabrina, Huang, Hsin-Yuan, Huff, Ashley, Huggins, William J., Ioffe, Lev B., Isakov, Sergei V., Iveland, Justin, Jeffrey, Evan, Jiang, Zhang, Jones, Cody, Jordan, Stephen, Joshi, Chaitali, Juhas, Pavol, Kafri, Dvir, Kang, Hui, Karamlou, Amir H., Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn, Kelly, Julian, Khaire, Trupti, Khattar, Tanuj, Khezri, Mostafa, Kim, Seon, Klimov, Paul V., Klots, Andrey R., Kobrin, Bryce, Kohli, Pushmeet, Korotkov, Alexander N., Kostritsa, Fedor, Kothari, Robin, Kozlovskii, Borislav, Kreikebaum, John Mark, Kurilovich, Vladislav D., Lacroix, Nathan, Landhuis, David, Lange-Dei, Tiano, Langley, Brandon W., Laptev, Pavel, Lau, Kim-Ming, Guevel, Loïck Le, Ledford, Justin, Lee, Kenny, Lensky, Yuri D., Leon, Shannon, Lester, Brian J., Li, Wing Yan, Li, Yin, Lill, Alexander T., Liu, Wayne, Livingston, William P., Locharla, Aditya, Lucero, Erik, Lundahl, Daniel, Lunt, Aaron, Madhuk, Sid, Malone, Fionn D., Maloney, Ashley, Mandrá, Salvatore, Martin, Leigh S., Martin, Steven, Martin, Orion, Maxfield, Cameron, McClean, Jarrod R., McEwen, Matt, Meeks, Seneca, Megrant, Anthony, Mi, Xiao, Miao, Kevin C., Mieszala, Amanda, Molavi, Reza, Molina, Sebastian, Montazeri, Shirin, Morvan, Alexis, Movassagh, Ramis, Mruczkiewicz, Wojciech, Naaman, Ofer, Neeley, Matthew, Neill, Charles, Nersisyan, Ani, Neven, Hartmut, Newman, Michael, Ng, Jiun How, Nguyen, Anthony, Nguyen, Murray, Ni, Chia-Hung, O'Brien, Thomas E., Oliver, William D., Opremcak, Alex, Ottosson, Kristoffer, Petukhov, Andre, Pizzuto, Alex, Platt, John, Potter, Rebecca, Pritchard, Orion, Pryadko, Leonid P., Quintana, Chris, Ramachandran, Ganesh, Reagor, Matthew J., Rhodes, David M., Roberts, Gabrielle, Rosenberg, Eliott, Rosenfeld, Emma, Roushan, Pedram, Rubin, Nicholas C., Saei, Negar, Sank, Daniel, Sankaragomathi, Kannan, Satzinger, Kevin J., Schurkus, Henry F., Schuster, Christopher, Senior, Andrew W., Shearn, Michael J., Shorter, Aaron, Shutty, Noah, Shvarts, Vladimir, Singh, Shraddha, Sivak, Volodymyr, Skruzny, Jindra, Small, Spencer, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, Smith, W. Clarke, Somma, Rolando D., Springer, Sofia, Sterling, George, Strain, Doug, Suchard, Jordan, Szasz, Aaron, Sztein, Alex, Thor, Douglas, Torres, Alfredo, Torunbalci, M. Mert, Vaishnav, Abeer, Vargas, Justin, Vdovichev, Sergey, Vidal, Guifre, Villalonga, Benjamin, Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff, Waltman, Steven, Wang, Shannon X., Ware, Brayden, Weber, Kate, White, Theodore, Wong, Kristi, Woo, Bryan W. K., Xing, Cheng, Yao, Z. Jamie, Yeh, Ping, Ying, Bicheng, Yoo, Juhwan, Yosri, Noureldin, Young, Grayson, Zalcman, Adam, Zhang, Yaxing, Zhu, Ningfeng, and Zobrist, Nicholas

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Quantum error correction provides a path to reach practical quantum computing by combining multiple physical qubits into a logical qubit, where the logical error rate is suppressed exponentially as more qubits are added. However, this exponential suppression only occurs if the physical error rate is below a critical threshold. In this work, we present two surface code memories operating below this threshold: a distance-7 code and a distance-5 code integrated with a real-time decoder. The logical error rate of our larger quantum memory is suppressed by a factor of $\Lambda$ = 2.14 $\pm$ 0.02 when increasing the code distance by two, culminating in a 101-qubit distance-7 code with 0.143% $\pm$ 0.003% error per cycle of error correction. This logical memory is also beyond break-even, exceeding its best physical qubit's lifetime by a factor of 2.4 $\pm$ 0.3. We maintain below-threshold performance when decoding in real time, achieving an average decoder latency of 63 $\mu$s at distance-5 up to a million cycles, with a cycle time of 1.1 $\mu$s. To probe the limits of our error-correction performance, we run repetition codes up to distance-29 and find that logical performance is limited by rare correlated error events occurring approximately once every hour, or 3 $\times$ 10$^9$ cycles. Our results present device performance that, if scaled, could realize the operational requirements of large scale fault-tolerant quantum algorithms., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, Supplementary Information

Published
2024

3. Latent optical nonclassicality of conditionally-prepared states

Author

Kovtoniuk, V. S., Klimov, A. B., and Semenov, A. A.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

The lack of information obtained from informationally-incomplete quantum measurements can prevent the detection of quantum resources, such as optical nonclassicality. We develop a technique that overcomes this limitation for single-mode quantum states conditionally prepared through measurements on another mode of a two-mode state. This task is performed by testing nonclassical steering -- a class of quantum correlations beyond quantum entanglement and quantum discord, for which we introduce a rigorous description., Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures

Published
2024

4. The EUSO-SPB2 Fluorescence Telescope for the Detection of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays

Author

Adams Jr., James H., Allard, Denis, Alldredge, Phillip, Anchordoqui, Luis, Anzalone, Anna, Battisti, Matteo, Belov, Alexander A., Bertaina, Mario, Bertone, Peter F., Blin-Bondil, Sylvie, Burton, Julia, Cafagna, Francesco S., Casolino, Marco, Černý, Karel, Christ, Mark J., Colalillo, Roberta, Crawford, Hank J., Creusot, Alexandre, Cummings, Austin, Diesing, Rebecca, Di Nola, Alessandro, Ebisuzaki, Toshikazu, Eser, Johannes, Ferrarese, Silvia, Filippatos, George, Finch, William W., Flaminio, Flavia, Fornaro, Claudio, Fuehne, Duncan, Fuglesang, Christer, Garg, Diksha, Golzio, Alessio, Guarino, Fausto, Guépin, Claire, Heibges, Tobias, Judd, Eleanor G., Klimov, Pavel A., Krizmanic, John F., Kungel, Viktoria, Kupari, Luke, Kuznetsov, Evgeny, Manfrin, Massimiliano, Marszal, Wlodzimierz, Matthews, John N., Mese, Marco, Meyer, Stephan S., Mignone, Marco, Miyamoto, Hiroko, Murashov, Alexey S., Nachtman, Jane M., Olinto, Angela V., Onel, Yasar, Osteria, Giuseppe, Panico, Beatrice, Parizot, Ètienne, Paul, Tom, Pech, Miroslav, Perfetto, Francesco, Piotrowski, Lech W., Plebaniak, Zbigniew, Posliguaaa, Jonatan, Prévôtb, Guillaume, Przybylakae, Marika, Reardona, Patrick, Reno, Mary Hall, Ricci, Marco, Sarazin, Fred, Schovánek, P., Scotti, Valentina, Shinozaki, Kenji, Soriano, Jorge F., Stillwell, Ben K., Szabelski, Jacek, Takizawa, Yoshiyuki, Trofimov, Daniil, Unel, Fredrik, Valore, Laura, Venters, Tonia M., Watts Jr., John, Wiencke, Lawrence, Wistrand, Hannah, and Young, Roy

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The Extreme Universe Space Observatory on a Super Pressure Balloon 2 (EUSO-SPB2) flew on May 13$^{\text{th}}$ and 14$^{\text{th}}$ of 2023. Consisting of two novel optical telescopes, the payload utilized next-generation instrumentation for the observations of extensive air showers from near space. One instrument, the fluorescence telescope (FT) searched for Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) by recording the atmosphere below the balloon in the near-UV with a 1~$\mu$s time resolution using 108 multi-anode photomultiplier tubes with a total of 6,912 channels. Validated by pre-flight measurements during a field campaign, the energy threshold was estimated around 2~EeV with an expected event rate of approximately 1 event per 10 hours of observation. Based on the limited time afloat, the expected number of UHECR observations throughout the flight is between 0 and 2. Consistent with this expectation, no UHECR candidate events have been found. The majority of events appear to be detector artifacts that were not rejected properly due to a shortened commissioning phase. Despite the earlier-than-expected termination of the flight, data were recorded which provide insights into the detectors stability in the near-space environment as well as the diffuse ultraviolet emissivity of the atmosphere, both of which are impactful to future experiments.

Published
2024

5. Optimization of decoder priors for accurate quantum error correction

Author

Sivak, Volodymyr, Newman, Michael, and Klimov, Paul

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Accurate decoding of quantum error-correcting codes is a crucial ingredient in protecting quantum information from decoherence. It requires characterizing the error channels corrupting the logical quantum state and providing this information as a prior to the decoder. We introduce a reinforcement learning inspired method for calibrating these priors that aims to minimize the logical error rate. Our method significantly improves the decoding accuracy in repetition and surface code memory experiments executed on Google's Sycamore processor, outperforming the leading decoder-agnostic method by 16% and 3.3% respectively. This calibration approach will serve as an important tool for maximizing the performance of both near-term and future error-corrected quantum devices.

Published
2024

6. Thermalization and Criticality on an Analog-Digital Quantum Simulator

Author

Andersen, Trond I., Astrakhantsev, Nikita, Karamlou, Amir H., Berndtsson, Julia, Motruk, Johannes, Szasz, Aaron, Gross, Jonathan A., Schuckert, Alexander, Westerhout, Tom, Zhang, Yaxing, Forati, Ebrahim, Rossi, Dario, Kobrin, Bryce, Di Paolo, Agustin, Klots, Andrey R., Drozdov, Ilya, Kurilovich, Vladislav D., Petukhov, Andre, Ioffe, Lev B., Elben, Andreas, Rath, Aniket, Vitale, Vittorio, Vermersch, Benoit, Acharya, Rajeev, Beni, Laleh Aghababaie, Anderson, Kyle, Ansmann, Markus, Arute, Frank, Arya, Kunal, Asfaw, Abraham, Atalaya, Juan, Ballard, Brian, Bardin, Joseph C., Bengtsson, Andreas, Bilmes, Alexander, Bortoli, Gina, Bourassa, Alexandre, Bovaird, Jenna, Brill, Leon, Broughton, Michael, Browne, David A., Buchea, Brett, Buckley, Bob B., Buell, David A., Burger, Tim, Burkett, Brian, Bushnell, Nicholas, Cabrera, Anthony, Campero, Juan, Chang, Hung-Shen, Chen, Zijun, Chiaro, Ben, Claes, Jahan, Cleland, Agnetta Y., Cogan, Josh, Collins, Roberto, Conner, Paul, Courtney, William, Crook, Alexander L., Das, Sayan, Debroy, Dripto M., De Lorenzo, Laura, Barba, Alexander Del Toro, Demura, Sean, Donohoe, Paul, Dunsworth, Andrew, Earle, Clint, Eickbusch, Alec, Elbag, Aviv Moshe, Elzouka, Mahmoud, Erickson, Catherine, Faoro, Lara, Fatemi, Reza, Ferreira, Vinicius S., Burgos, Leslie Flores, Fowler, Austin G., Foxen, Brooks, Ganjam, Suhas, Gasca, Robert, Giang, William, Gidney, Craig, Gilboa, Dar, Giustina, Marissa, Gosula, Raja, Dau, Alejandro Grajales, Graumann, Dietrich, Greene, Alex, Habegger, Steve, Hamilton, Michael C., Hansen, Monica, Harrigan, Matthew P., Harrington, Sean D., Heslin, Stephen, Heu, Paula, Hill, Gordon, Hoffmann, Markus R., Huang, Hsin-Yuan, Huang, Trent, Huff, Ashley, Huggins, William J., Isakov, Sergei V., Jeffrey, Evan, Jiang, Zhang, Jones, Cody, Jordan, Stephen, Joshi, Chaitali, Juhas, Pavol, Kafri, Dvir, Kang, Hui, Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn, Khaire, Trupti, Khattar, Tanuj, Khezri, Mostafa, Kieferová, Mária, Kim, Seon, Kitaev, Alexei, Klimov, Paul V., Korotkov, Alexander N., Kostritsa, Fedor, Kreikebaum, John Mark, Landhuis, David, Langley, Brandon W., Laptev, Pavel, Lau, Kim-Ming, Guevel, Loïck Le, Ledford, Justin, Lee, Joonho, Lee, Kenny, Lensky, Yuri D., Lester, Brian J., Li, Wing Yan, Lill, Alexander T., Liu, Wayne, Livingston, William P., Locharla, Aditya, Lundahl, Daniel, Lunt, Aaron, Madhuk, Sid, Maloney, Ashley, Mandrà, Salvatore, Martin, Leigh S., Martin, Orion, Martin, Steven, Maxfield, Cameron, McClean, Jarrod R., McEwen, Matt, Meeks, Seneca, Miao, Kevin C., Mieszala, Amanda, Molina, Sebastian, Montazeri, Shirin, Morvan, Alexis, Movassagh, Ramis, Neill, Charles, Nersisyan, Ani, Newman, Michael, Nguyen, Anthony, Nguyen, Murray, Ni, Chia-Hung, Niu, Murphy Yuezhen, Oliver, William D., Ottosson, Kristoffer, Pizzuto, Alex, Potter, Rebecca, Pritchard, Orion, Pryadko, Leonid P., Quintana, Chris, Reagor, Matthew J., Rhodes, David M., Roberts, Gabrielle, Rocque, Charles, Rosenberg, Eliott, Rubin, Nicholas C., Saei, Negar, Sankaragomathi, Kannan, Satzinger, Kevin J., Schurkus, Henry F., Schuster, Christopher, Shearn, Michael J., Shorter, Aaron, Shutty, Noah, Shvarts, Vladimir, Sivak, Volodymyr, Skruzny, Jindra, Small, Spencer, Smith, W. Clarke, Springer, Sofia, Sterling, George, Suchard, Jordan, Szalay, Marco, Sztein, Alex, Thor, Douglas, Torres, Alfredo, Torunbalci, M. Mert, Vaishnav, Abeer, Vdovichev, Sergey, Villalonga, Benjamin, Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff, Waltman, Steven, Wang, Shannon X., White, Theodore, Wong, Kristi, Woo, Bryan W., Xing, Cheng, Yao, Z. Jamie, Yeh, Ping, Ying, Bicheng, Yoo, Juhwan, Yosri, Noureldin, Young, Grayson, Zalcman, Adam, Zhu, Ningfeng, Zobrist, Nicholas, Neven, Hartmut, Babbush, Ryan, Boixo, Sergio, Hilton, Jeremy, Lucero, Erik, Megrant, Anthony, Kelly, Julian, Chen, Yu, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, Vidal, Guifre, Roushan, Pedram, Lauchli, Andreas M., Abanin, Dmitry A., and Mi, Xiao

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

Understanding how interacting particles approach thermal equilibrium is a major challenge of quantum simulators. Unlocking the full potential of such systems toward this goal requires flexible initial state preparation, precise time evolution, and extensive probes for final state characterization. We present a quantum simulator comprising 69 superconducting qubits which supports both universal quantum gates and high-fidelity analog evolution, with performance beyond the reach of classical simulation in cross-entropy benchmarking experiments. Emulating a two-dimensional (2D) XY quantum magnet, we leverage a wide range of measurement techniques to study quantum states after ramps from an antiferromagnetic initial state. We observe signatures of the classical Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition, as well as strong deviations from Kibble-Zurek scaling predictions attributed to the interplay between quantum and classical coarsening of the correlated domains. This interpretation is corroborated by injecting variable energy density into the initial state, which enables studying the effects of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) in targeted parts of the eigenspectrum. Finally, we digitally prepare the system in pairwise-entangled dimer states and image the transport of energy and vorticity during thermalization. These results establish the efficacy of superconducting analog-digital quantum processors for preparing states across many-body spectra and unveiling their thermalization dynamics.

Published
2024

7. Bus Factor Explorer

Author

Klimov, Egor, Ahmed, Muhammad Umair, Sviridov, Nikolai, Derakhshanfar, Pouria, Tüzün, Eray, and Kovalenko, Vladimir

Subjects
Computer Science - Software Engineering
Abstract

Bus factor (BF) is a metric that tracks knowledge distribution in a project. It is the minimal number of engineers that have to leave for a project to stall. Despite the fact that there are several algorithms for calculating the bus factor, only a few tools allow easy calculation of bus factor and convenient analysis of results for projects hosted on Git-based providers. We introduce Bus Factor Explorer, a web application that provides an interface and an API to compute, export, and explore the Bus Factor metric via treemap visualization, simulation mode, and chart editor. It supports repositories hosted on GitHub and enables functionality to search repositories in the interface and process many repositories at the same time. Our tool allows users to identify the files and subsystems at risk of stalling in the event of developer turnover by analyzing the VCS history. The application and its source code are publicly available on GitHub at https://github.com/JetBrains-Research/bus-factor-explorer. The demonstration video can be found on YouTube: https://youtu.be/uIoV79N14z8, Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, 2023 38th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE)

Published
2024
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8. Search for CP-violating Neutrino Non-Standard Interactions with the NOvA Experiment

Author

NOvA Collaboration, Acero, M. A., Acharya, B., Adamson, P., Aliaga, L., Anfimov, N., Antoshkin, A., Arrieta-Diaz, E., Asquith, L., Aurisano, A., Back, A., Balashov, N., Baldi, P., Bambah, B. A., Bat, A., Bays, K., Bernstein, R., Bezerra, T. J. C., Bhatnagar, V., Bhattarai, D., Bhuyan, B., Bian, J., Booth, A. C., Bowles, R., Brahma, B., Bromberg, C., Buchanan, N., Butkevich, A., Calvez, S., Carroll, T. J., Catano-Mur, E., Cesar, J. P., Chatla, A., Chaudhary, S., Chirco, R., Choudhary, B. C., Christensen, A., Cicala, M. F., Coan, T. E., Cooleybeck, A., Cortes-Parra, C., Coveyou, D., Cremonesi, L., Davies, G. S., Derwent, P. F., Djurcic, Z., Dolce, M., Doyle, D., Tonguino, D. Dueñas, Dukes, E. C., Dye, A., Ehrlich, R., Ewart, E., Filip, P., Franc, J., Frank, M. J., Gallagher, H. R., Gao, F., Giri, A., Gomes, R. A., Goodman, M. C., Groh, M., Group, R., Habig, A., Hakl, F., Hartnell, J., Hatcher, R., He, M., Heller, K., Hewes, V, Himmel, A., Ivaneev, Y., Ivanova, A., Jargowsky, B., Jarosz, J., Johnson, C., Judah, M., Kakorin, I., Kaplan, D. M., Kalitkina, A., Kleykamp, J., Klimov, O., Koerner, L. W., Kolupaeva, L., Kralik, R., Kumar, A., Kuruppu, C. D., Kus, V., Lackey, T., Lang, K., Lesmeister, J., Lister, A., Liu, J., Lock, J. A., Lokajicek, M., MacMahon, M., Magill, S., Mann, W. A., Manoharan, M. T., Plata, M. Manrique, Marshak, M. L., Martinez-Casales, M., Matveev, V., Mehta, B., Messier, M. D., Meyer, H., Miao, T., Mikola, V., Miller, W. H., Mishra, S., Mishra, S. R., Mislivec, A., Mohanta, R., Moren, A., Morozova, A., Mu, W., Mualem, L., Muether, M., Mulder, K., Myers, D., Naples, D., Nath, A., Nelleri, S., Nelson, J. K., Nichol, R., Niner, E., Norman, A., Norrick, A., Nosek, T., Oh, H., Olshevskiy, A., Olson, T., Ozkaynak, M., Pal, A., Paley, J., Panda, L., Patterson, R. B., Pawloski, G., Petrova, O., Petti, R., Prais, L. R., Rafique, A., Raj, V., Rajaoalisoa, M., Ramson, B., Ravelhofer, M., Rebel, B., Roy, P., Samoylov, O., Sanchez, M. C., Falero, S. Sánchez, Shanahan, P., Sharma, P., Shmakov, A., Sheshukov, A., Shukla, S., Singha, D. K., Shorrock, W., Singh, I., Singh, P., Singh, V., Smith, E., Smolik, J., Snopok, P., Solomey, N., Sousa, A., Soustruznik, K., Strait, M., Suter, L., Sutton, A., Sutton, K., Swain, S., Sweeney, C., Sztuc, A., Oregui, B. Tapia, Tas, P., Thakore, T., Thomas, J., Tiras, E., Torun, Y., Tripathi, J., Trokan-Tenorio, J., Urheim, J., Vahle, P., Vallari, Z., Vasel, J., Villamil, J. D., Vockerodt, K. J., Vrba, T., Wallbank, M., Wetstein, M., Whittington, D., Wickremasinghe, D. A., Wieber, T., Wolcott, J., Wrobel, M., Wu, S., Wu, W., Xiao, Y., Yaeggy, B., Yahaya, A., Yankelevich, A., Yonehara, K., Yu, Y., Zadorozhnyy, S., Zalesak, J., and Zwaska, R.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

This Letter reports a search for charge-parity (CP) symmetry violating non-standard interactions (NSI) of neutrinos with matter using the NOvA Experiment, and examines their effects on the determination of the standard oscillation parameters. Data from $\nu_{\mu}(\bar{\nu}_{\mu})\rightarrow\nu_{\mu}(\bar{\nu}_{\mu})$ and $\nu_{\mu}(\bar{\nu}_{\mu})\rightarrow\nu_{e}(\bar{\nu}_{e})$ oscillation channels are used to measure the effect of the NSI parameters $\varepsilon_{e\mu}$ and $\varepsilon_{e\tau}$. With 90% C.L. the magnitudes of the NSI couplings are constrained to be $|\varepsilon_{e\mu}| \, \lesssim 0.3$ and $|\varepsilon_{e\tau}| \, \lesssim 0.4$. A degeneracy at $|\varepsilon_{e\tau}| \, \approx 1.8$ is reported, and we observe that the presence of NSI limits sensitivity to the standard CP phase $\delta_{\tiny\text{CP}}$.

Published
2024

9. EUSO-SPB1 Mission and Science

Author

Collaboration, JEM-EUSO, Abdellaoui, G., Abe, S., Adams. Jr., J. H., Allard, D., Alonso, G., Anchordoqui, L., Anzalone, A., Arnone, E., Asano, K., Attallah, R., Attoui, H., Pernas, M. Ave, Bachmann, R., Bacholle, S., Bagheri, M., Bakiri, M., Baláz, J., Barghini, D., Bartocci, S., Battisti, M., Bayer, J., Beldjilali, B., Belenguer, T., Belkhalfa, N., Bellotti, R., Belov, A. A., Benmessai, K., Bertaina, M., Bertone, P. F., Biermann, P. L., Bisconti, F., Blaksley, C., Blanc, N., Blin-Bondil, S., Bobik, P., Bogomilov, M., Bolmgren, K., Bozzo, E., Briz, S., Bruno, A., Caballero, K. S., Cafagna, F., Cambié, G., Campana, D., Capdevielle, J. N., Capel, F., Caramete, A., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Casolino, M., Cassardo, C., Castellina, A., Catalano, O., Cellino, A., Černý, K., Chikawa, M., Chiritoi, G., Christl, M. J., Colalillo, R., Conti, L., Cotto, G., Crawford, H. J., Cremonini, R., Creusot, A., Cummings, A., Gónzalez, A. de Castro, de la Taille, C., del Peral, L., Desiato, J., Damian, A. Diaz, Diesing, R., Dinaucourt, P., Djakonow, A., Djemil, T., Ebersoldt, A., Ebisuzaki, T., Eser, J., Fenu, F., Fernández-González, S., Ferrarese, S., Filippatos, G., Finch, W., Fornaro, C., Fouka, M., Franceschi, A., Franchini, S., Fuglesang, C., Fujii, T., Fukushima, M., Galeotti, P., García-Ortega, E., Gardiol, D., Garipov, G. K., Gascón, E., Gazda, E., Genci, J., Golzio, A., Gorodetzky, P., Gregg, R., Green, A., Guarino, F., Guépin, C., Guzmán, A., Hachisu, Y., Haungs, A., Heigbes, T., Carretero, J. Hernández, Hulett, L., Ikeda, D., Inoue, N., Inoue, S., Isgrò, F., Itow, Y., Jammer, T., Jeong, S., Jochum, J., Joven, E., Judd, E. G., Jung, A., Kajino, F., Kajino, T., Kalli, S., Kaneko, I., Kasztelan, M., Katahira, K., Kawai, K., Kawasaki, Y., Kedadra, A., Khales, H., Khrenov, B. A., Kim, Jeong-Sook, Kim, Soon-Wook, Kleifges, M., Klimov, P. A., Kreykenbohm, I., Krizmanic, J. F., Królik, K., Kungel, V., Kurihara, Y., Kusenko, A., Kuznetsov, E., Lahmar, H., Lakhdari, F., Licandro, J., Campano, L. López, Martínez, F. López, Mackovjak, S., Mahdi, M., Mandát, D., Manfrin, M., Marcelli, L., Marcos, J. L., Marszał, W., Martín, Y., Martinez, O., Mase, K., Mastafa, M., Matthews, J. N., Mebarki, N., Medina-Tanco, G., Menshikov, A., Merino, A., Mese, M., Meseguer, J., Meyer, S. S., Mimouni, J., Miyamoto, H., Mizumoto, Y., Monaco, A., Ríos, J. A. Morales de los, Nachtman, J. M., Nagataki, S., Naitamor, S., Napolitano, T., Neronov, A., Nomoto, K., Nonaka, T., Ogawa, T., Ogio, S., Ohmori, H., Olinto, A. V., Onel, Y., Osteria, G., Otte, A. N., Pagliaro, A., Painter, W., Panasyuk, M. I., Panico, B., Parizot, E., Park, I. H., Pastircak, B., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pérez-Grande, I., Perfetto, F., Peter, T., Picozza, P., Pindado, S., Piotrowski, L. W., Piraino, S., Plebaniak, Z., Pollini, A., Popescu, E. M., Prevete, R., Prévôt, G., Prieto, H., Przybylak, M., Puehlhofer, G., Putis, M., Reardon, P., Reno, M. H., Reyes, M., Ricci, M., Frías, M. D. Rodríguez, Matamala, O. F. Romero, Ronga, F., Sabau, M. D., Saccá, G., Sagawa, H., Sahnoune, Z., Saito, A., Sakaki, N., Salazar, H., Sánchez, J. L., Balanzar, J. C. Sanchez, Santangelo, A., Sanz-Andrés, A., Saprykin, O. A., Sarazin, F., Sato, M., Scagliola, A., Schanz, T., Schieler, H., Schovánek, P., Scotti, V., Serra, M., Sharakin, S. A., Shimizu, H. M., Shinozaki, K., Soriano, J. F., Sotgiu, A., Stan, I., Strharský, I., Sugiyama, N., Supanitsky, D., Suzuki, M., Szabelski, J., Tajima, N., Tajima, T., Takahashi, Y., Takeda, M., Takizawa, Y., Talai, M. C., Tameda, Y., Tenzer, C., Thomas, S. B., Tibolla, O., Tkachev, L. G., Tomida, T., Tone, N., Toscano, S., Traïche, M., Tsunesada, Y., Tsuno, K., Turriziani, S., Uchihori, Y., Valdés-Galicia, J. F., Vallania, P., Valore, L., Vankova-Kirilova, G., Venters, T. M., Vigorito, C., Villaseñor, L., Vlcek, B., von Ballmoos, P., Vrabel, M., Wada, S., Watanabe, J., Watts. Jr., J., Muñoz, R. Weigand, Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wille, M., Wilms, J., Yamamoto, T., Yang, J., Yano, H., Yashin, I. V., Yonetoku, D., Yoshida, S., Young, R., Zgura, I. S., Zotov, M. Yu., and Marchi, A. Zuccaro

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The Extreme Universe Space Observatory on a Super Pressure Balloon 1 (EUSO-SPB1) was launched in 2017 April from Wanaka, New Zealand. The plan of this mission of opportunity on a NASA super pressure balloon test flight was to circle the southern hemisphere. The primary scientific goal was to make the first observations of ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray extensive air showers (EASs) by looking down on the atmosphere with an ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence telescope from suborbital altitude (33~km). After 12~days and 4~hours aloft, the flight was terminated prematurely in the Pacific Ocean. Before the flight, the instrument was tested extensively in the West Desert of Utah, USA, with UV point sources and lasers. The test results indicated that the instrument had sensitivity to EASs of approximately 3 EeV. Simulations of the telescope system, telescope on time, and realized flight trajectory predicted an observation of about 1 event assuming clear sky conditions. The effects of high clouds were estimated to reduce this value by approximately a factor of 2. A manual search and a machine-learning-based search did not find any EAS signals in these data. Here we review the EUSO-SPB1 instrument and flight and the EAS search., Comment: 18 pages, 19 figures

Published
2024
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12. ELVES Measurements in the “UV Atmosphere” (Mini-EUSO) Experiment Onboard the ISS and Their Reconstruction

Author

Sharakin, S., Barghini, D., Battisti, M., Belov, A., Bertaina, M., Bianciotto, M., Bisconti, F., Blaksley, C., Blin, S., Cambiè, G., Capel, F., Casolino, M., Ebisuzaki, T., Eser, J., Fenu, F., Franceschi, M. A., Golzio, A., Gorodetsky, P., Kajino, F., Kasuga, H., Klimov, P., Manfrin, M., Marcelli, L., Marszal, W., Miyamoto, H., Mignone, M., Murashov, A., Napolitano, T., Ohmori, H., Olinto, A., Parizot, E., Picozza, P., Piotrowski, L. W., Plebaniak, Z., Prévôt, G., Reali, E., Ricci, M., Romoli, G., Sakaki, N., Shinozaki, K., Szabelski, J., De La Taille, C., Takizawa, Y., Vrábel, M., Wiencke, L., and Zotov, M.

Published
2024
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13. Dry Reforming of Methane over Mn-modified Ni-based Catalysts

Author

Manabayeva, Alua M., Mäki-Arvela, Päivi, Vajglová, Zuzana, Martinez-Klimov, Mark, Yevdokimova, Olha, Peuronen, Anssi, Lastusaari, Mika, Tirri, Teija, Baizhumanova, Tolkyn S., Kassymkan, Kaisar, Kaumenova, Gulnar N., Brodskiy, Alexandr R., Sarsenova, Rabiga O., Shorayeva, Kamshat A., Murzin, Dmitry Yu., and Tungatarova, Svetlana A.

Published
2024
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15. Direct measurement of nonlocal interactions in the many-body localized phase

Author

B. Chiaro, C. Neill, A. Bohrdt, M. Filippone, F. Arute, K. Arya, R. Babbush, D. Bacon, J. Bardin, R. Barends, S. Boixo, D. Buell, B. Burkett, Y. Chen, Z. Chen, R. Collins, A. Dunsworth, E. Farhi, A. Fowler, B. Foxen, C. Gidney, M. Giustina, M. Harrigan, T. Huang, S. Isakov, E. Jeffrey, Z. Jiang, D. Kafri, K. Kechedzhi, J. Kelly, P. Klimov, A. Korotkov, F. Kostritsa, D. Landhuis, E. Lucero, J. McClean, X. Mi, A. Megrant, M. Mohseni, J. Mutus, M. McEwen, O. Naaman, M. Neeley, M. Niu, A. Petukhov, C. Quintana, N. Rubin, D. Sank, K. Satzinger, T. White, Z. Yao, P. Yeh, A. Zalcman, V. Smelyanskiy, H. Neven, S. Gopalakrishnan, D. Abanin, M. Knap, J. Martinis, and P. Roushan

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The interplay of interactions and strong disorder can lead to an exotic quantum many-body localized (MBL) phase of matter. Beyond the absence of transport, the MBL phase has distinctive signatures, such as slow dephasing and logarithmic entanglement growth; they commonly result in slow and subtle modifications of the dynamics, rendering their measurement challenging. Here, we experimentally characterize these properties of the MBL phase in a system of coupled superconducting qubits. By implementing phase sensitive techniques, we map out the structure of local integrals of motion in the MBL phase. Tomographic reconstruction of single and two-qubit density matrices allows us to determine the spatial and temporal entanglement growth between the localized sites. In addition, we study the preservation of entanglement in the MBL phase. The interferometric protocols implemented here detect affirmative quantum correlations and exclude artifacts due to the imperfect isolation of the system. By measuring elusive MBL quantities, our work highlights the advantages of phase sensitive measurements in studying novel phases of matter.

Published
2022
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16. JEM-EUSO Collaboration contributions to the 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference

Author

Abe, S., Adams Jr., J. H., Allard, D., Alldredge, P., Aloisio, R., Anchordoqui, L., Anzalone, A., Arnone, E., Bagheri, M., Baret, B., Barghini, D., Battisti, M., Bellotti, R., Belov, A. A., Bertaina, M., Bertone, P. F., Bianciotto, M., Bisconti, F., Blaksley, C., Blin-Bondil, S., Bolmgren, K., Briz, S., Burton, J., Cafagna, F., Cambiè, G., Campana, D., Capel, F., Caruso, R., Casolino, M., Cassardo, C., Castellina, A., Černý, K., Christl, M. J., Colalillo, R., Conti, L., Cotto, G., Crawford, H. J., Cremonini, R., Creusot, A., Cummings, A., Gónzalez, A. de Castro, de la Taille, C., Diesing, R., Dinaucourt, P., Di Nola, A., Ebisuzaki, T., Eser, J., Fenu, F., Ferrarese, S., Filippatos, G., Finch, W. W., Flaminio, F., Fornaro, C., Fuehne, D., Fuglesang, C., Fukushima, M., Gadamsetty, S., Gardiol, D., Garipov, G. K., Gazda, E., Golzio, A., Guarino, F., Guépin, C., Haungs, A., Heibges, T., Isgrò, F., Judd, E. G., Kajino, F., Kaneko, I., Kim, S. -W., Klimov, P. A., Krizmanic, J. F., Kungel, V., Kuznetsov, E., Martínez, F. López, Mandát, D., Manfrin, M., Marcelli, A., Marcelli, L., Marszał, W., Matthews, J. N., Mese, M., Meyer, S. S., Mimouni, J., Miyamoto, H., Mizumoto, Y., Monaco, A., Nagataki, S., Nachtman, J. M., Naumov, D., Neronov, A., Nonaka, T., Ogawa, T., Ogio, S., Ohmori, H., Olinto, A. V., Onel, Y., Osteria, G., Otte, A. N., Pagliaro, A., Panico, B., Parizot, E., Park, I. H., Paul, T., Pech, M., Perfetto, F., Picozza, P., Piotrowski, L. W., Plebaniak, Z., Posligua, J., Potts, M., Prevete, R., Prévôt, G., Przybylak, M., Reali, E., Reardon, P., Reno, M. H., Ricci, M., Matamala, O. F. Romero, Romoli, G., Sagawa, H., Sakaki, N., Saprykin, O. A., Sarazin, F., Sato, M., Schovánek, P., Scotti, V., Selmane, S., Sharakin, S. A., Shinozaki, K., Stepanoff, S., Soriano, J. F., Szabelski, J., Tajima, N., Tajima, T., Takahashi, Y., Takeda, M., Takizawa, Y., Thomas, S. B., Tkachev, L. G., Tomida, T., Toscano, S., Traïche, M., Trofimov, D., Tsuno, K., Vallania, P., Valore, L., Venters, T. M., Vigorito, C., Vrábel, M., Wada, S., Watts Jr., J., Wiencke, L., Winn, D., Wistrand, H., Yashin, I. V., Young, R., and Zotov, M. Yu.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

This is a collection of papers presented by the JEM-EUSO Collaboration at the 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference (Nagoya, Japan, July 26-August 3, 2023)

Published
2023

17. Developments and results in the context of the JEM-EUSO program obtained with the ESAF Simulation and Analysis Framework

Author

Abe, S., Adams Jr., J. H., Allard, D., Alldredge, P., Anchordoqui, L., Anzalone, A., Arnone, E., Baret, B., Barghini, D., Battisti, M., Bayer, J., Bellotti, R., Belov, A. A., Bertaina, M., Bertone, P. F., Bianciotto, M., Biermann, P. L., Bisconti, F., Blaksley, C., Blin-Bondil, S., Bobik, P., Bolmgren, K., Briz, S., Burton, J., Cafagna, F., Cambié, G., Campana, D., Capel, F., Caruso, R., Casolino, M., Cassardo, C., Castellina, A., Černý, K., Christl, M. J., Colalillo, R., Conti, L., Cotto, G., Crawford, H. J., Cremonini, R., Creusot, A., Cummings, A., Gónzalez, A. de Castro, de la Taille, C., del Peral, L., Diesing, R., Dinaucourt, P., Di Nola, A., Ebersoldt, A., Ebisuzaki, T., Eser, J., Fenu, F., Ferrarese, S., Filippatos, G., Finch, W. W., Flaminio, F., Fornaro, C., Fuehne, D., Fuglesang, C., Fukushima, M., Gardiol, D., Garipov, G. K., Golzio, A., Gorodetzky, P., Guarino, F., Guépin, C., Guzmán, A., Haungs, A., Heibges, T., Hernández-Carretero, J., Isgrò, F., Judd, E. G., Kajino, F., Kaneko, I., Kawasaki, Y., Kleifges, M., Klimov, P. A., Kreykenbohm, I., Krizmanic, J. F., Kungel, V., Kuznetsov, E., Martínez, F. López, Mackovjak, S., Mandát, D., Manfrin, M., Marcelli, A., Marcelli, L., Marszał, W., Matthews, J. N., Menshikov, A., Mernik, T., Mese, M., Meyer, S. S., Mimouni, J., Miyamoto, H., Mizumoto, Y., Monaco, A., Ríos, J. A Morales de los, Nagataki, S., Nachtman, J. M., Naumov, D., Neronov, A., Nonaka, T., Ogawa, T., Ogio, S., Ohmori, H., Olinto, A. V., Onel, Y., Osteria, G., Pagliaro, A., Panico, B., Parizot, E., Park, I. H., Pastircak, B., Paul, T., Pech, M., Perfetto, F., Picozza, P., Piotrowski, L. W., Plebaniak, Z., Posligua, J., Prevete, R., Prévôt, G., Prieto, H., Przybylak, M., Putis, M., Reali, E., Reardon, P., Reno, M. H., Ricci, M., Frías, M. Rodríguez, Romoli, G., Cano, G. Sáez, Sagawa, H., Sakaki, N., Santangelo, A., Saprykin, O. A., Sarazin, F., Sato, M., Schieler, H., Schovánek, P., Scotti, V., Selmane, S., Sharakin, S. A., Shinozaki, K., Soriano, J. F., Szabelski, J., Tajima, N., Tajima, T., Takahashi, Y., Takeda, M., Takizawa, Y., Tenzer, C., Thomas, S. B., Tkachev, L. G., Tomida, T., Toscano, S., Traïche, M., Trofimov, D., Tsuno, K., Vallania, P., Valore, L., Venters, T. M., Vigorito, C., von Ballmoos, P., Vrabel, M., Wada, S., Watts Jr., J., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilms, J., Winn, D., Wistrand, H., Yashin, I. V., Young, R., and Zotov, M. Yu.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

JEM--EUSO is an international program for the development of space-based Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray observatories. The program consists of a series of missions which are either under development or in the data analysis phase. All instruments are based on a wide-field-of-view telescope, which operates in the near-UV range, designed to detect the fluorescence light emitted by extensive air showers in the atmosphere. We describe the simulation software ESAFin the framework of the JEM--EUSO program and explain the physical assumptions used. We present here the implementation of the JEM--EUSO, POEMMA, K--EUSO, TUS, Mini--EUSO, EUSO--SPB1 and EUSO--TA configurations in ESAF. For the first time ESAF simulation outputs are compared with experimental data.

Published
2023
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18. Expanding neutrino oscillation parameter measurements in NOvA using a Bayesian approach

Author

NOvA Collaboration, Acero, M. A., Acharya, B., Adamson, P., Anfimov, N., Antoshkin, A., Arrieta-Diaz, E., Asquith, L., Aurisano, A., Back, A., Balashov, N., Baldi, P., Bambah, B. A., Bat, A., Bays, K., Bernstein, R., Bezerra, T. J. C., Bhatnagar, V., Bhattarai, D., Bhuyan, B., Bian, J., Booth, A. C., Bowles, R., Brahma, B., Bromberg, C., Buchanan, N., Butkevich, A., Calvez, S., Carroll, T. J., Catano-Mur, E., Cesar, J. P., Chatla, A., Chirco, R., Chaudhary, S., Choudhary, B. C., Christensen, A., Coan, T. E., Cooleybeck, A., Cremonesi, L., Davies, G. S., Derwent, P. F., Ding, P., Djurcic, Z., Dolce, M., Doyle, D., Tonguino, D. Dueñas, Dukes, E. C., Dye, A., Ehrlich, R., Elkins, M., Ewart, E., Filip, P., Franc, J., Frank, M. J., Gallagher, H. R., Gao, F., Giri, A., Gomes, R. A., Goodman, M. C., Groh, M., Group, R., Habig, A., Hakl, F., Hartnell, J., Hatcher, R., He, M., Heller, K., Hewes, V, Himmel, A., Jargowsky, B., Jarosz, J., Jediny, F., Johnson, C., Judah, M., Kakorin, I., Kaplan, D. M., Kalitkina, A., Kleykamp, J., Klimov, O., Koerner, L. W., Kolupaeva, L., Kralik, R., Kumar, A., Kuruppu, C. D., Kus, V., Lackey, T., Lang, K., Lasorak, P., Lesmeister, J., Lister, A., Liu, J., Lokajicek, M., MacMahon, M., Lock, J. A., Magill, S., Plata, M. Manrique, Mann, W. A., Manoharan, M. T., Marshak, M. L., Martinez-Casales, M., Matveev, V., Mehta, B., Messier, M. D., Meyer, H., Miao, T., Mikola, V., Miller, W. H., Mishra, S., Mishra, S. R., Mohanta, R., Moren, A., Morozova, A., Mu, W., Mualem, L., Muether, M., Mulder, K., Myers, D., Naples, D., Nath, A., Nelleri, S., Nelson, J. K., Nichol, R., Niner, E., Norman, A., Norrick, A., Nosek, T., Oh, H., Olshevskiy, A., Olson, T., Pal, A., Paley, J., Panda, L., Patterson, R. B., Pawloski, G., Petrova, O., Petti, R., Plunkett, R. K., Rafique, A., Prais, L. R., Raj, V., Rajaoalisoa, M., Ramson, B., Rebel, B., Roy, P., Samoylov, O., Sanchez, M. C., Falero, S. Sánchez, Shanahan, P., Sharma, P., Shukla, S., Sheshukov, A., Singha, D. K., Shorrock, W., Singh, I., Singh, P., Singh, V., Smith, E., Smolik, J., Snopok, P., Solomey, N., Sousa, A., Soustruznik, K., Strait, M., Suter, L., Sutton, A., Sutton, K., Swain, S., Sweeney, C., Sztuc, A., Oregui, B. Tapia, Tas, P., Thakore, T., Thomas, J., Tiras, E., Trokan-Tenorio, J., Torun, Y., Urheim, J., Vahle, P., Vallari, Z., Vockerodt, K. J., Vrba, T., Wallbank, M., Warburton, T. K., Wetstein, M., Whittington, D., Wickremasinghe, D. A., Wieber, T., Wolcott, J., Wrobel, M., Wu, S., Wu, W., Xiao, Y., Yaeggy, B., Yankelevich, A., Yonehara, K., Yu, Y., Zadorozhnyy, S., Zalesak, J., and Zwaska, R.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

NOvA is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment that measures oscillations in charged-current $\nu_{\mu} \rightarrow \nu_{\mu}$ (disappearance) and $\nu_{\mu} \rightarrow \nu_{e}$ (appearance) channels, and their antineutrino counterparts, using neutrinos of energies around 2 GeV over a distance of 810 km. In this work we reanalyze the dataset first examined in our previous paper [Phys. Rev. D 106, 032004 (2022)] using an alternative statistical approach based on Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo. We measure oscillation parameters consistent with the previous results. We also extend our inferences to include the first NOvA measurements of the reactor mixing angle $\theta_{13}$ and the Jarlskog invariant. We use these results to quantify the strength of our inferences about CP violation, as well as to examine the effects of constraints from short-baseline measurements of $\theta_{13}$ using antineutrinos from nuclear reactors when making NOvA measurements of $\theta_{23}$. Our long-baseline measurement of $\theta_{13}$ is also shown to be consistent with the reactor measurements, supporting the general applicability and robustness of the PMNS framework for neutrino oscillations., Comment: 20 pages, 17 figures; version accepted by Phys. Rev. D. Data associated with this paper is available at https://doi.org/10.15484/2349444

Published
2023
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19. Microwave Spin-Pumping from an Antiferromagnet FeBO3

Author

Gabrielyan, David, Volkov, Dmitry, Kozlova, Elizabeth, Safin, Ansar, Kalyabin, Dmitry, Klimov, Alexey, Preobrazhensky, Vladimir, Strugatsky, Mark, Yagupov, Sergey, Moskal, Ivan, Ovsyannikov, Gennady, and Nikitov, Sergey

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

Recently, canted antiferromagnets offer great potential for fundamental research and applications due to their unique properties. The presence of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction leads to the existence of a weak ferromagnetic moment at room temperature. We study both theoretically and experimentally microwave spin pumping by the quasi-ferromagnetic mode from a canted easy plane antiferromagnet with weak ferromagnetism FeBO3. The conversion of a microwave signal into the constant voltage is realized using the inverse spin Hall effect in an iron borate/heavy metal heterostructure. We use an additional bias magnetic field to selectively tune the resonance frequency of such a microwave detector over a wide range up to 43.5 GHz with potential sensitivity near 2.5 microV/W. We confirm the pure spin current nature by changing polarity of the detected via inverse spin Hall effect voltage by switching the direction of the bias magnetic field. We believe that our results will be useful for the development of highly tunable, portable and sensitive microwave antiferromagnet-based functional devices., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, 3 pages supplementary information

Published
2023

20. Tests and characterisation of the KI trigger for fast events on the EUSO-SPB2 Fluorescence Telescope

Author

Miyamoto, Hiroko, Battisti, Matteo, Belov, Alexander, Bertaina, Mario, Blin, Sylvie, Creusot, Alxandre, Eser, Johannes, Filippatos, George, Klimov, Pavel, Manfrin, Massimiliano, Mignone, Marco, Parizot, Etienne, Piotrowski, Lech Wiktor, Prévôt, Guillaume, and Trofimov, Daniil

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The second generation Extreme Universe Space Observatory on a Super-Pressure Balloon (EUSO-SPB2) mission is a stratospheric balloon mission developed within the Joint Exploratory Missions for Extreme Universe Space Observatory (JEM-EUSO) program. The Fluorescence Telescope (FT) is one of the two separate Schmidt telescopes of EUSO-SPB2, which aims at measuring the fluorescence emission of extensive air showers from cosmic rays above the energy of 1 EeV, looking downwards onto the atmosphere from the float altitude of 33 km. The FT measures photons with a time resolution of 1.05 $\mu$s in two different modes: single photon counting (PC) and charge integration (KI). In this paper, we describe the latter and report on the measurements of its characteristics. We also present a new trigger based on this channel, the so-called KI trigger, which allows to measure additional types of events, namely very short and intense light pulses. We report on the tests of this trigger mode in the laboratory and at the TurLab facility, and its implementation in the EUSO-SPB2 mission.

Published
2023

21. An end-to-end calibration of the Mini-EUSO detector in space

Author

Miyamoto, Hiroko, Battisti, Matteo, Barghini, Dario, Belov, Alexander, Bertaina, Mario, Bianciotto, Marta, Bisconti, Francesca, Blaksley, Carl, Blin, Sylvie, Bolmgren, Karl, Cambiè, Giorgio, Capel, Francesca, Casolino, Marco, Churilo, Igor, De La taille, Christophe, Ebisuzaki, Toshikazu, Eser, Johannes, Fenu, Francesco, Filippatos, Geroge, Franceschi, Massimo Alberto, Fuglesang, Christer, Golzio, Alessio, Gorodetzky, Philippe, Kajino, Fumioshi, Kasuga, Hiroshi, Klimov, Pavel, Kungel, Viktoria, Kuznetsov, Vladimir, Manfrin, Massimiliano, Marcelli, Laura, Mascetti, Gabriele, Marszał, Włodzimierz, Mignone, Marco, Murashov, Alexey, Napolitano, Tommaso, Ohmori, Hitoshi, Olinto, Angela, Parizot, Etienne, Picozza, Piergiorgio, Piotrowski, Lech Wiktor, Plebaniak, Zbigniew, Prévôt, Guillaume, Reali, Enzo, Ricci, Marco, Romoli, Giulia, Sakaki, Naoto, Sharakin, Sergei, Shinozaki, Kenji, Szabelski, Jacek, Takizawa, Yoshiyuki, Valentini, Giovanni, Vrabel, Michal, Wiencke, Lawrence, and MikhailZotov

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Mini-EUSO is a wide Field-of-View (FoV, 44$^{\circ}$) telescope currently in operation from a nadia-facing UV-transparent window in the Russian Zvezda module on the International Space Station (ISS). It is the first detector of the JEM-EUSO program deployed on the ISS, launched in August 2019. The main goal of Mini-EUSO is to measure the UV emissions from the ground and atmosphere, using an orbital platform. Mini-EUSO is mainly sensitive in the 290-430 nm bandwidth. Light is focused by a system of two Fresnel lenses of 25 cm diameter each on the Photo- Detector-Module (PDM), which consists of an array of 36 Multi-Anode Photomultiplier Tubes (MAPMTs), for a total of 2304 pixels working in photon counting mode, in three different time resolutions of 2.5 ${\mu}$s, 320 ${\mu}$s, 40.96 ms operation in parallel. In the longest time scale, the data is continuously acquired to monitor the UV emission of the Earth. It is best suited for the observation of ground sources and therefore has been used for the observational campaigns of the Mini-EUSO. In this contribution, we present the assembled UV flasher, the operation of the field campaign and the analysis of the obtained data. The result is compared with the overall efficiency computed from the expectations which takes into account the atmospheric attenuation and the parameterization of different effects such as the optics efficiency, the MAPMT detection efficiency, BG3 filter transmittance and the transparency of the ISS window.

Published
2023

24. Set of Thomson Scattering Diagnostics for TRT

Author

Mukhin, E. E., Tolstyakov, S. Yu., Kurskiev, G. S., Zhiltsov, N. S., Ermakov, N. V., Tkachenko, E. E., Koval, A. N., Solovey, V. A., Aleksandrov, S. A., Nikolaev, A. V., Antropov, D. A., Bondar, A. V., Kedrov, I. V., Marchenko, T. A., Kornev, A. F., Makarov, A. M., Bogachev, D. L., Samsonov, D. S., Guk, E. G., Klimov, V. N., Smirnova, E. P., Sotnikov, A. V., Razdobarin, A. G., Bazhenov, A. N., Bocharov, I. V., Bocharnikov, V. A., Bukreev, I. M., Dmitriev, A. M., Elets, D. I., Tereshchenko, I. B., Varshavchik, L. A., Chernakov, An. P., Pankrat’ev, P. A., Marchii, G. V., Minbaev, M., Nikolaenko, K. O., Kungurtsev, N. A., Sakharov, N. V., Petrov, Yu. V., and Mokeev, A. N.

Published
2024
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26. Covariant operator bases for continuous variables

Author

Goldberg, A. Z., Klimov, A. B., Leuchs, G., and Sanchez-Soto, L. L.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Coherent-state representations are a standard tool to deal with continuous-variable systems, as they allow one to efficiently visualize quantum states in phase space. Here, we work out an alternative basis consisting of monomials on the basic observables, with the crucial property of behaving well under symplectic transformations. This basis is the analogue of the irreducible tensors widely used in the context of SU(2) symmetry. Given the density matrix of a state, the expansion coefficients in that basis constitute the multipoles, which describe the state in a canonically covariant form that is both concise and explicit. We use these quantities to assess properties such as quantumness or Gaussianity and to furnish direct connections between tomographic measurements and quasiprobability distribution reconstructions., Comment: 23 pages, 5 figures

Published
2023
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27. Optimizing quantum gates towards the scale of logical qubits

Author

Klimov, Paul V., Bengtsson, Andreas, Quintana, Chris, Bourassa, Alexandre, Hong, Sabrina, Dunsworth, Andrew, Satzinger, Kevin J., Livingston, William P., Sivak, Volodymyr, Niu, Murphy Y., Andersen, Trond I., Zhang, Yaxing, Chik, Desmond, Chen, Zijun, Neill, Charles, Erickson, Catherine, Dau, Alejandro Grajales, Megrant, Anthony, Roushan, Pedram, Korotkov, Alexander N., Kelly, Julian, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, Chen, Yu, and Neven, Hartmut

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

A foundational assumption of quantum error correction theory is that quantum gates can be scaled to large processors without exceeding the error-threshold for fault tolerance. Two major challenges that could become fundamental roadblocks are manufacturing high performance quantum hardware and engineering a control system that can reach its performance limits. The control challenge of scaling quantum gates from small to large processors without degrading performance often maps to non-convex, high-constraint, and time-dependent control optimization over an exponentially expanding configuration space. Here we report on a control optimization strategy that can scalably overcome the complexity of such problems. We demonstrate it by choreographing the frequency trajectories of 68 frequency-tunable superconducting qubits to execute single- and two-qubit gates while mitigating computational errors. When combined with a comprehensive model of physical errors across our processor, the strategy suppresses physical error rates by $\sim3.7\times$ compared with the case of no optimization. Furthermore, it is projected to achieve a similar performance advantage on a distance-23 surface code logical qubit with 1057 physical qubits. Our control optimization strategy solves a generic scaling challenge in a way that can be adapted to a variety of quantum operations, algorithms, and computing architectures.

Published
2023
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28. Model-based Optimization of Superconducting Qubit Readout

Author

Bengtsson, Andreas, Opremcak, Alex, Khezri, Mostafa, Sank, Daniel, Bourassa, Alexandre, Satzinger, Kevin J., Hong, Sabrina, Erickson, Catherine, Lester, Brian J., Miao, Kevin C., Korotkov, Alexander N., Kelly, Julian, Chen, Zijun, and Klimov, Paul V.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

Measurement is an essential component of quantum algorithms, and for superconducting qubits it is often the most error prone. Here, we demonstrate model-based readout optimization achieving low measurement errors while avoiding detrimental side-effects. For simultaneous and mid-circuit measurements across 17 qubits, we observe 1.5% error per qubit with a 500ns end-to-end duration and minimal excess reset error from residual resonator photons. We also suppress measurement-induced state transitions achieving a leakage rate limited by natural heating. This technique can scale to hundreds of qubits and be used to enhance the performance of error-correcting codes and near-term applications.

Published
2023
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30. On Translation-Invariant Matrix Product States and advances in MPS representations of the $W$-state

Author

Klimov, Petr, Sengupta, Richik, and Biamonte, Jacob

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Mathematics - Rings and Algebras
Abstract

This work is devoted to the study Translation-Invariant (TI) Matrix Product State (MPS) representations of quantum states with periodic boundary conditions (PBC). We pursue two directions: we introduce new methods for constructing TI MPS representations of a certain class of TI states and study their optimality in terms of their bond dimension. We pay particular attention to the $n$-party $W$-state and construct a TI MPS representation of bond dimension $\left \lfloor \dfrac{n}{2} \right \rfloor +1$ for it. We further study properties of this class and show that we can can always achieve a bond dimension of $n$ for TI MPS representation of states in this class. In the framework of studying optimality of TI MPS representations with PBC, we study the optimal bond dimension $d(\psi)$ for a given state $\psi$. In particular we introduce a deterministic algorithm for the search of $d(\psi)$ for an arbitary state. Using numerical methods, we verify the optimality of our previous construction for the $n$-party $W$-state for small $n$.

Published
2023

31. Dynamics of magnetization at infinite temperature in a Heisenberg spin chain

Author

Rosenberg, Eliott, Andersen, Trond, Samajdar, Rhine, Petukhov, Andre, Hoke, Jesse, Abanin, Dmitry, Bengtsson, Andreas, Drozdov, Ilya, Erickson, Catherine, Klimov, Paul, Mi, Xiao, Morvan, Alexis, Neeley, Matthew, Neill, Charles, Acharya, Rajeev, Allen, Richard, Anderson, Kyle, Ansmann, Markus, Arute, Frank, Arya, Kunal, Asfaw, Abraham, Atalaya, Juan, Bardin, Joseph, Bilmes, A., Bortoli, Gina, Bourassa, Alexandre, Bovaird, Jenna, Brill, Leon, Broughton, Michael, Buckley, Bob B., Buell, David, Burger, Tim, Burkett, Brian, Bushnell, Nicholas, Campero, Juan, Chang, Hung-Shen, Chen, Zijun, Chiaro, Benjamin, Chik, Desmond, Cogan, Josh, Collins, Roberto, Conner, Paul, Courtney, William, Crook, Alexander, Curtin, Ben, Debroy, Dripto, Barba, Alexander Del Toro, Demura, Sean, Di Paolo, Agustin, Dunsworth, Andrew, Earle, Clint, Farhi, E., Fatemi, Reza, Ferreira, Vinicius, Flores, Leslie, Forati, Ebrahim, Fowler, Austin, Foxen, Brooks, Garcia, Gonzalo, Genois, Élie, Giang, William, Gidney, Craig, Gilboa, Dar, Giustina, Marissa, Gosula, Raja, Dau, Alejandro Grajales, Gross, Jonathan, Habegger, Steve, Hamilton, Michael, Hansen, Monica, Harrigan, Matthew, Harrington, Sean, Heu, Paula, Hill, Gordon, Hoffmann, Markus, Hong, Sabrina, Huang, Trent, Huff, Ashley, Huggins, William, Ioffe, Lev, Isakov, Sergei, Iveland, Justin, Jeffrey, Evan, Jiang, Zhang, Jones, Cody, Juhas, Pavol, Kafri, D., Khattar, Tanuj, Khezri, Mostafa, Kieferová, Mária, Kim, Seon, Kitaev, Alexei, Klots, Andrey, Korotkov, Alexander, Kostritsa, Fedor, Kreikebaum, John Mark, Landhuis, David, Laptev, Pavel, Lau, Kim Ming, Laws, Lily, Lee, Joonho, Lee, Kenneth, Lensky, Yuri, Lester, Brian, Lill, Alexander, Liu, Wayne, Livingston, William P., Locharla, A., Mandrà, Salvatore, Martin, Orion, Martin, Steven, McClean, Jarrod, McEwen, Matthew, Meeks, Seneca, Miao, Kevin, Mieszala, Amanda, Montazeri, Shirin, Movassagh, Ramis, Mruczkiewicz, Wojciech, Nersisyan, Ani, Newman, Michael, Ng, Jiun How, Nguyen, Anthony, Nguyen, Murray, Niu, M., O'Brien, Thomas, Omonije, Seun, Opremcak, Alex, Potter, Rebecca, Pryadko, Leonid, Quintana, Chris, Rhodes, David, Rocque, Charles, Rubin, N., Saei, Negar, Sank, Daniel, Sankaragomathi, Kannan, Satzinger, Kevin, Schurkus, Henry, Schuster, Christopher, Shearn, Michael, Shorter, Aaron, Shutty, Noah, Shvarts, Vladimir, Sivak, Volodymyr, Skruzny, Jindra, Smith, Clarke, Somma, Rolando, Sterling, George, Strain, Doug, Szalay, Marco, Thor, Douglas, Torres, Alfredo, Vidal, Guifre, Villalonga, Benjamin, Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff, White, Theodore, Woo, Bryan, Xing, Cheng, Yao, Jamie, Yeh, Ping, Yoo, Juhwan, Young, Grayson, Zalcman, Adam, Zhang, Yaxing, Zhu, Ningfeng, Zobrist, Nicholas, Neven, Hartmut, Babbush, Ryan, Bacon, Dave, Boixo, Sergio, Hilton, Jeremy, Lucero, Erik, Megrant, Anthony, Kelly, Julian, Chen, Yu, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, Khemani, Vedika, Gopalakrishnan, Sarang, Prosen, Tomaž, and Roushan, Pedram

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Understanding universal aspects of quantum dynamics is an unresolved problem in statistical mechanics. In particular, the spin dynamics of the 1D Heisenberg model were conjectured to belong to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class based on the scaling of the infinite-temperature spin-spin correlation function. In a chain of 46 superconducting qubits, we study the probability distribution, $P(\mathcal{M})$, of the magnetization transferred across the chain's center. The first two moments of $P(\mathcal{M})$ show superdiffusive behavior, a hallmark of KPZ universality. However, the third and fourth moments rule out the KPZ conjecture and allow for evaluating other theories. Our results highlight the importance of studying higher moments in determining dynamic universality classes and provide key insights into universal behavior in quantum systems.

Published
2023
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32. Grating magneto-optical traps with complicated level structures

Author

Barker, D. S., Elgee, P. K., Sitaram, A., Norrgard, E. B., Klimov, N. N., Campbell, G. K., and Eckel, S.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics, Quantum Physics
Abstract

We study the forces and optical pumping within grating magneto-optical traps (MOTs) operating on transitions with non-trivial level structure. In contrast to the standard six-beam MOT configuration, rate equation modelling predicts that the asymmetric laser geometry of a grating MOT will produce spin-polarized atomic samples. Furthermore, the Land\'e $g$-factors and total angular momenta of the trapping transition strongly influence both the confinement and equilibrium position of the trap. Using the intuition gained from the rate equation model, we realize a grating MOT of fermionic $^{87}$Sr and observe that it forms closer to the center of the trap's quadrupole magnetic field than its bosonic counterpart. We also explore the application of grating MOTs to molecule laser cooling, where the rate equations suggest that dual-frequency operation is necessary, but not sufficient, for stable confinement for type-II level structures. To test our molecule laser cooling models, we create grating MOTs using the $D_1$ line of $^7$Li and see that only two of the four possible six-beam polarization configurations operate in the grating geometry. Our results will aid the development of portable atom and molecule traps for time keeping, inertial navigation, and precision measurement., Comment: 33 pages, 18 figures

Published
2023

33. Stable Quantum-Correlated Many Body States through Engineered Dissipation

Author

Mi, X., Michailidis, A. A., Shabani, S., Miao, K. C., Klimov, P. V., Lloyd, J., Rosenberg, E., Acharya, R., Aleiner, I., Andersen, T. I., Ansmann, M., Arute, F., Arya, K., Asfaw, A., Atalaya, J., Bardin, J. C., Bengtsson, A., Bortoli, G., Bourassa, A., Bovaird, J., Brill, L., Broughton, M., Buckley, B. B., Buell, D. A., Burger, T., Burkett, B., Bushnell, N., Chen, Z., Chiaro, B., Chik, D., Chou, C., Cogan, J., Collins, R., Conner, P., Courtney, W., Crook, A. L., Curtin, B., Dau, A. G., Debroy, D. M., Barba, A. Del Toro, Demura, S., Di Paolo, A., Drozdov, I. K., Dunsworth, A., Erickson, C., Faoro, L., Farhi, E., Fatemi, R., Ferreira, V. S., Forati, L. F. Burgos E., Fowler, A. G., Foxen, B., Genois, E., Giang, W., Gidney, C., Gilboa, D., Giustina, M., Gosula, R., Gross, J. A., Habegger, S., Hamilton, M. C., Hansen, M., Harrigan, M. P., Harrington, S. D., Heu, P., Hoffmann, M. R., Hong, S., Huang, T., Huff, A., Huggins, W. J., Ioffe, L. B., Isakov, S. V., Iveland, J., Jeffrey, E., Jiang, Z., Jones, C., Juhas, P., Kafri, D., Kechedzhi, K., Khattar, T., Khezri, M., Kieferova, M., Kim, S., Kitaev, A., Klots, A. R., Korotkov, A. N., Kostritsa, F., Kreikebaum, J. M., Landhuis, D., Laptev, P., Lau, K. -M., Laws, L., Lee, J., Lee, K. W., Lensky, Y. D., Lester, B. J., Lill, A. T., Liu, W., Locharla, A., Malone, F. D., Martin, O., McClean, J. R., McEwen, M., Mieszala, A., Montazeri, S., Morvan, A., Movassagh, R., Mruczkiewicz, W., Neeley, M., Neill, C., Nersisyan, A., Newman, M., Ng, J. H., Nguyen, A., Nguyen, M., Niu, M. Y., OBrien, T. E., Opremcak, A., Petukhov, A., Potter, R., Pryadko, L. P., Quintana, C., Rocque, C., Rubin, N. C., Saei, N., Sank, D., Sankaragomathi, K., Satzinger, K. J., Schurkus, H. F., Schuster, C., Shearn, M. J., Shorter, A., Shutty, N., Shvarts, V., Skruzny, J., Smith, W. C., Somma, R., Sterling, G., Strain, D., Szalay, M., Torres, A., Vidal, G., Villalonga, B., Heidweiller, C. V., White, T., Woo, B. W. K., Xing, C., Yao, Z. J., Yeh, P., Yoo, J., Young, G., Zalcman, A., Zhang, Y., Zhu, N., Zobrist, N., Neven, H., Babbush, R., Bacon, D., Boixo, S., Hilton, J., Lucero, E., Megrant, A., Kelly, J., Chen, Y., Roushan, P., Smelyanskiy, V., and Abanin, D. A.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Engineered dissipative reservoirs have the potential to steer many-body quantum systems toward correlated steady states useful for quantum simulation of high-temperature superconductivity or quantum magnetism. Using up to 49 superconducting qubits, we prepared low-energy states of the transverse-field Ising model through coupling to dissipative auxiliary qubits. In one dimension, we observed long-range quantum correlations and a ground-state fidelity of 0.86 for 18 qubits at the critical point. In two dimensions, we found mutual information that extends beyond nearest neighbors. Lastly, by coupling the system to auxiliaries emulating reservoirs with different chemical potentials, we explored transport in the quantum Heisenberg model. Our results establish engineered dissipation as a scalable alternative to unitary evolution for preparing entangled many-body states on noisy quantum processors.

Published
2023
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34. Phase transition in Random Circuit Sampling

Author

Morvan, A., Villalonga, B., Mi, X., Mandrà, S., Bengtsson, A., Klimov, P. V., Chen, Z., Hong, S., Erickson, C., Drozdov, I. K., Chau, J., Laun, G., Movassagh, R., Asfaw, A., Brandão, L. T. A. N., Peralta, R., Abanin, D., Acharya, R., Allen, R., Andersen, T. I., Anderson, K., Ansmann, M., Arute, F., Arya, K., Atalaya, J., Bardin, J. C., Bilmes, A., Bortoli, G., Bourassa, A., Bovaird, J., Brill, L., Broughton, M., Buckley, B. B., Buell, D. A., Burger, T., Burkett, B., Bushnell, N., Campero, J., Chang, H. S., Chiaro, B., Chik, D., Chou, C., Cogan, J., Collins, R., Conner, P., Courtney, W., Crook, A. L., Curtin, B., Debroy, D. M., Barba, A. Del Toro, Demura, S., Di Paolo, A., Dunsworth, A., Faoro, L., Farhi, E., Fatemi, R., Ferreira, V. S., Burgos, L. Flores, Forati, E., Fowler, A. G., Foxen, B., Garcia, G., Genois, E., Giang, W., Gidney, C., Gilboa, D., Giustina, M., Gosula, R., Dau, A. Grajales, Gross, J. A., Habegger, S., Hamilton, M. C., Hansen, M., Harrigan, M. P., Harrington, S. D., Heu, P., Hoffmann, M. R., Huang, T., Huff, A., Huggins, W. J., Ioffe, L. B., Isakov, S. V., Iveland, J., Jeffrey, E., Jiang, Z., Jones, C., Juhas, P., Kafri, D., Khattar, T., Khezri, M., Kieferová, M., Kim, S., Kitaev, A., Klots, A. R., Korotkov, A. N., Kostritsa, F., Kreikebaum, J. M., Landhuis, D., Laptev, P., Lau, K. -M., Laws, L., Lee, J., Lee, K. W., Lensky, Y. D., Lester, B. J., Lill, A. T., Liu, W., Livingston, W. P., Locharla, A., Malone, F. D., Martin, O., Martin, S., McClean, J. R., McEwen, M., Miao, K. C., Mieszala, A., Montazeri, S., Mruczkiewicz, W., Naaman, O., Neeley, M., Neill, C., Nersisyan, A., Newman, M., Ng, J. H., Nguyen, A., Nguyen, M., Niu, M. Yuezhen, O'Brien, T. E., Omonije, S., Opremcak, A., Petukhov, A., Potter, R., Pryadko, L. P., Quintana, C., Rhodes, D. M., Rosenberg, E., Rocque, C., Roushan, P., Rubin, N. C., Saei, N., Sank, D., Sankaragomathi, K., Satzinger, K. J., Schurkus, H. F., Schuster, C., Shearn, M. J., Shorter, A., Shutty, N., Shvarts, V., Sivak, V., Skruzny, J., Smith, W. C., Somma, R. D., Sterling, G., Strain, D., Szalay, M., Thor, D., Torres, A., Vidal, G., Heidweiller, C. Vollgraff, White, T., Woo, B. W. K., Xing, C., Yao, Z. J., Yeh, P., Yoo, J., Young, G., Zalcman, A., Zhang, Y., Zhu, N., Zobrist, N., Rieffel, E. G., Biswas, R., Babbush, R., Bacon, D., Hilton, J., Lucero, E., Neven, H., Megrant, A., Kelly, J., Aleiner, I., Smelyanskiy, V., Kechedzhi, K., Chen, Y., and Boixo, S.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Undesired coupling to the surrounding environment destroys long-range correlations on quantum processors and hinders the coherent evolution in the nominally available computational space. This incoherent noise is an outstanding challenge to fully leverage the computation power of near-term quantum processors. It has been shown that benchmarking Random Circuit Sampling (RCS) with Cross-Entropy Benchmarking (XEB) can provide a reliable estimate of the effective size of the Hilbert space coherently available. The extent to which the presence of noise can trivialize the outputs of a given quantum algorithm, i.e. making it spoofable by a classical computation, is an unanswered question. Here, by implementing an RCS algorithm we demonstrate experimentally that there are two phase transitions observable with XEB, which we explain theoretically with a statistical model. The first is a dynamical transition as a function of the number of cycles and is the continuation of the anti-concentration point in the noiseless case. The second is a quantum phase transition controlled by the error per cycle; to identify it analytically and experimentally, we create a weak link model which allows varying the strength of noise versus coherent evolution. Furthermore, by presenting an RCS experiment with 67 qubits at 32 cycles, we demonstrate that the computational cost of our experiment is beyond the capabilities of existing classical supercomputers, even when accounting for the inevitable presence of noise. Our experimental and theoretical work establishes the existence of transitions to a stable computationally complex phase that is reachable with current quantum processors.

Published
2023

36. Optimizing quantum gates towards the scale of logical qubits

Author

Klimov, Paul V., Bengtsson, Andreas, Quintana, Chris, Bourassa, Alexandre, Hong, Sabrina, Dunsworth, Andrew, Satzinger, Kevin J., Livingston, William P., Sivak, Volodymyr, Niu, Murphy Yuezhen, Andersen, Trond I., Zhang, Yaxing, Chik, Desmond, Chen, Zijun, Neill, Charles, Erickson, Catherine, Grajales Dau, Alejandro, Megrant, Anthony, Roushan, Pedram, Korotkov, Alexander N., Kelly, Julian, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, Chen, Yu, and Neven, Hartmut

Published
2024
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45. Measurement-induced entanglement and teleportation on a noisy quantum processor

Author

Hoke, Jesse C., Ippoliti, Matteo, Rosenberg, Eliott, Abanin, Dmitry, Acharya, Rajeev, Andersen, Trond I., Ansmann, Markus, Arute, Frank, Arya, Kunal, Asfaw, Abraham, Atalaya, Juan, Bardin, Joseph C., Bengtsson, Andreas, Bortoli, Gina, Bourassa, Alexandre, Bovaird, Jenna, Brill, Leon, Broughton, Michael, Buckley, Bob B., Buell, David A., Burger, Tim, Burkett, Brian, Bushnell, Nicholas, Chen, Zijun, Chiaro, Ben, Chik, Desmond, Cogan, Josh, Collins, Roberto, Conner, Paul, Courtney, William, Crook, Alexander L., Curtin, Ben, Dau, Alejandro Grajales, Debroy, Dripto M., Barba, Alexander Del Toro, Demura, Sean, Di Paolo, Augustin, Drozdov, Ilya K., Dunsworth, Andrew, Eppens, Daniel, Erickson, Catherine, Farhi, Edward, Fatemi, Reza, Ferreira, Vinicius S., Burgos, Leslie Flores, Forati, Ebrahim, Fowler, Austin G., Foxen, Brooks, Giang, William, Gidney, Craig, Gilboa, Dar, Giustina, Marissa, Gosula, Raja, Gross, Jonathan A., Habegger, Steve, Hamilton, Michael C., Hansen, Monica, Harrigan, Matthew P., Harrington, Sean D., Heu, Paula, Hoffmann, Markus R., Hong, Sabrina, Huang, Trent, Huff, Ashley, Huggins, William J., Isakov, Sergei V., Iveland, Justin, Jeffrey, Evan, Jones, Cody, Juhas, Pavol, Kafri, Dvir, Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn, Khattar, Tanuj, Khezri, Mostafa, Kieferová, Mária, Kim, Seon, Kitaev, Alexei, Klimov, Paul V., Klots, Andrey R., Korotkov, Alexander N., Kostritsa, Fedor, Kreikebaum, John Mark, Landhuis, David, Laptev, Pavel, Lau, Kim-Ming, Laws, Lily, Lee, Joonho, Lee, Kenny W., Lensky, Yuri D., Lester, Brian J., Lill, Alexander T., Liu, Wayne, Locharla, Aditya, Martin, Orion, McClean, Jarrod R., McEwen, Matt, Miao, Kevin C., Mieszala, Amanda, Montazeri, Shirin, Morvan, Alexis, Movassagh, Ramis, Mruczkiewicz, Wojciech, Neeley, Matthew, Neill, Charles, Nersisyan, Ani, Newman, Michael, Ng, Jiun H., Nguyen, Anthony, Nguyen, Murray, Niu, Murphy Yuezhen, O'Brien, Tom E., Omonije, Seun, Opremcak, Alex, Petukhov, Andre, Potter, Rebecca, Pryadko, Leonid P., Quintana, Chris, Rocque, Charles, Rubin, Nicholas C., Saei, Negar, Sank, Daniel, Sankaragomathi, Kannan, Satzinger, Kevin J., Schurkus, Henry F., Schuster, Christopher, Shearn, Michael J., Shorter, Aaron, Shutty, Noah, Shvarts, Vlad, Skruzny, Jindra, Smith, W. Clarke, Somma, Rolando D., Sterling, George, Strain, Douglas, Szalay, Marco, Torres, Alfredo, Vidal, Guifre, Villalonga, Benjamin, Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff, White, Ted, Woo, Bryan W. K., Xing, Cheng, Yao, Z. Jamie., Yeh, Ping, Yoo, Juhwan, Young, Grayson, Zalcman, Adam, Zhang, Yaxing, Zhu, Ningfeng, Zobrist, Nicholas, Neven, Harmut, Babbush, Ryan, Bacon, Dave, Boixo, Sergio, Hilton, Jeremy, Lucero, Erik, Megrant, Anthony, Kelly, Julian, Chen, Yu, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, Mi, Xiao, Khemani, Vedika, and Roushan, Pedram

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

Measurement has a special role in quantum theory: by collapsing the wavefunction it can enable phenomena such as teleportation and thereby alter the "arrow of time" that constrains unitary evolution. When integrated in many-body dynamics, measurements can lead to emergent patterns of quantum information in space-time that go beyond established paradigms for characterizing phases, either in or out of equilibrium. On present-day NISQ processors, the experimental realization of this physics is challenging due to noise, hardware limitations, and the stochastic nature of quantum measurement. Here we address each of these experimental challenges and investigate measurement-induced quantum information phases on up to 70 superconducting qubits. By leveraging the interchangeability of space and time, we use a duality mapping, to avoid mid-circuit measurement and access different manifestations of the underlying phases -- from entanglement scaling to measurement-induced teleportation -- in a unified way. We obtain finite-size signatures of a phase transition with a decoding protocol that correlates the experimental measurement record with classical simulation data. The phases display sharply different sensitivity to noise, which we exploit to turn an inherent hardware limitation into a useful diagnostic. Our work demonstrates an approach to realize measurement-induced physics at scales that are at the limits of current NISQ processors.

Published
2023
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46. Local sampling of the SU(1,1) Wigner function

Author

Fabre, N., Klimov, A. B., Leuchs, G., and Sanchez-Soto, L. L.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Despite the indisputable merits of the Wigner phase-space formulation, it has not been widely explored for systems with SU(1,1) symmetry, as a simple operational definition of the Wigner function has proved elusive in this case. We capitalize on the unique properties of the parity operator, to derive in a consistent way a \emph{bona fide} SU(1,1) Wigner function that faithfully parallels the structure of its continuous-variable counterpart. We propose an optical scheme, involving a squeezer and photon-number-resolving detectors, that allows for direct point-by-point sampling of that Wigner function. This provides an adequate framework to represent SU(1,1) states satisfactorily., Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures. To appear in AVS Quantum Science, Jonathan P. Dowling Memorial Special Issue: The Second Quantum Revolution

Published
2023

47. Evaluation of the effectiveness of surgical treatment of tethered spinal cord syndrome of secondary origin in spina bifida: a systematic review

Author

S.O. Ryabykh, A.A. Kalashnikov, D.A. Lysachev, V.S. Klimov, A.V. Gubin, K.A. Dyachkov, I.I. Khuzhanazarov, and D.I. Eshkulov

Subjects
children, spina bifida, tethered spinal cord syndrome, surgical treatment, Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract

Objective. To present a literature review assessing the effectiveness of surgical treatment methods for tethered spinal cord syndrome of secondary origin in spina bifida. Material and Methods. The Pubmed, EMBASE, eLibrary, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for prospective cohort clinical studies published from 2009 to 2024 and evaluating the effectiveness of methods for correcting tethered spinal cord syndrome in spina bifida. The study was carried out in accordance with the guidelines for Preferred Reporting Items for writing Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Results. During this period, 20 articles were published assessing the effectiveness of surgical methods for correcting tethered spinal cord syndrome. Of these, 15 are pragmatic clinical trials and 5 are randomized clinical trials. The average level of evidence is III. Conclusion. Currently, it can be stated that there is an intra-expert consensus regarding functional radiological criteria for tethered spinal cord syndrome of secondary origin in spina bifida. However, the issue of the effectiveness of surgical intervention directly depends on the availability of objective methods for clinical assessment of the severity of functional deficit and the reversibility of morphofunctional changes in the nervous tissue. Despite the variety of clinical scales and questionnaires, there is no unified assessment system for neurological, urological and orthopedic deficits in patients with tethered spinal cord syndrome. In this context, functional MRI (spinal MR tractography) can be considered a promising method for objectifying the pathological process. However, the phenomena revealed during the examination are not fully studied and require further research.

Published
2024
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48. Observation of night-time emissions of the Earth in the near UV range from the International Space Station with the Mini-EUSO detector

Author

Casolino, M., Barghini, D., Battisti, M., Blaksley, C., Belov, A., Bertaina, M., Bianciotto, M., Bisconti, F., Blin, S., Bolmgren, K., Cambiè, G., Capel, F., Churilo, I., Crisconio, M., De La Taille, C., Ebisuzaki, T., Eser, J., Fenu, F., Franceschi, M. A., Fuglesang, C., Golzio, A., Gorodetzky, P., Kasuga, H., Kajino, F., Klimov, P., Kuznetsov, V., Manfrin, M., Marcelli, L., Mascetti, G., Marsza, W., Miyamoto, H., Murashov, A., Napolitano, T., Ohmori, H., Olinto, A., Parizot, E., Picozza, P., Piotrowski, L. W., Plebaniak, Z., Prévôt, G., Reali, E., Romoli, G., Ricci, M., Sakaki, N., Shinozaki, K., Szabelski, J., Takizawa, Y., Valentini, G., Vrabel, M., and Wiencke, L.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Mini-EUSO (Multiwavelength Imaging New Instrument for the Extreme Universe Space Observatory) is a telescope observing the Earth from the International Space Station since 2019. The instrument employs a Fresnel-lens optical system and a focal surface composed of 36 multi-anode photomultiplier tubes, 64 channels each, for a total of 2304 channels with single photon counting sensitivity. Mini-EUSO also contains two ancillary cameras to complement measurements in the near infrared and visible ranges. The scientific objectives of the mission range from the search for extensive air showers generated by Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) with energies above 10$^{21}$ eV, the search for nuclearites and Strange Quark Matter (SQM), up to the study of atmospheric phenomena such as Transient Luminous Events (TLEs), meteors and meteoroids. Mini-EUSO can map the night-time Earth in the near UV range (between 290-430 nm) with a spatial resolution of about 6.3 km (full field of view of 44{\deg}) and a maximum temporal resolution of 2.5 $\mu$s, observing our planet through a nadir-facing UV-transparent window in the Russian Zvezda module. The detector saves triggered transient phenomena with a sampling rate of 2.5 $\mu$s and 320 $\mu$s, as well as continuous acquisition at 40.96 ms scale. In this paper we discuss the detector response and the flat-fielding and calibration procedures. Using the 40.96 ms data, we present $\simeq$6.3 km resolution night-time Earth maps in the UV band, and report on various emissions of anthropogenic and natural origin. We measure ionospheric airglow emissions of dark moonless nights over the sea and ground, studying the effect of clouds, moonlight, and artificial (towns, boats) lights. In addition to paving the way forward for the study of long-term variations of natural and artificial light, we also estimate the observation live-time of future UHECR detectors., Comment: 49 pages, 27 figures, 1 table, published in Remote Sensing of Environment

Published
2022
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49. Overcoming leakage in scalable quantum error correction

Author

Miao, Kevin C., McEwen, Matt, Atalaya, Juan, Kafri, Dvir, Pryadko, Leonid P., Bengtsson, Andreas, Opremcak, Alex, Satzinger, Kevin J., Chen, Zijun, Klimov, Paul V., Quintana, Chris, Acharya, Rajeev, Anderson, Kyle, Ansmann, Markus, Arute, Frank, Arya, Kunal, Asfaw, Abraham, Bardin, Joseph C., Bourassa, Alexandre, Bovaird, Jenna, Brill, Leon, Buckley, Bob B., Buell, David A., Burger, Tim, Burkett, Brian, Bushnell, Nicholas, Campero, Juan, Chiaro, Ben, Collins, Roberto, Conner, Paul, Crook, Alexander L., Curtin, Ben, Debroy, Dripto M., Demura, Sean, Dunsworth, Andrew, Erickson, Catherine, Fatemi, Reza, Ferreira, Vinicius S., Burgos, Leslie Flores, Forati, Ebrahim, Fowler, Austin G., Foxen, Brooks, Garcia, Gonzalo, Giang, William, Gidney, Craig, Giustina, Marissa, Gosula, Raja, Dau, Alejandro Grajales, Gross, Jonathan A., Hamilton, Michael C., Harrington, Sean D., Heu, Paula, Hilton, Jeremy, Hoffmann, Markus R., Hong, Sabrina, Huang, Trent, Huff, Ashley, Iveland, Justin, Jeffrey, Evan, Jiang, Zhang, Jones, Cody, Kelly, Julian, Kim, Seon, Kostritsa, Fedor, Kreikebaum, John Mark, Landhuis, David, Laptev, Pavel, Laws, Lily, Lee, Kenny, Lester, Brian J., Lill, Alexander T., Liu, Wayne, Locharla, Aditya, Lucero, Erik, Martin, Steven, Megrant, Anthony, Mi, Xiao, Montazeri, Shirin, Morvan, Alexis, Naaman, Ofer, Neeley, Matthew, Neill, Charles, Nersisyan, Ani, Newman, Michael, Ng, Jiun How, Nguyen, Anthony, Nguyen, Murray, Potter, Rebecca, Rocque, Charles, Roushan, Pedram, Sankaragomathi, Kannan, Schuster, Christopher, Shearn, Michael J., Shorter, Aaron, Shutty, Noah, Shvarts, Vladimir, Skruzny, Jindra, Smith, W. Clarke, Sterling, George, Szalay, Marco, Thor, Douglas, Torres, Alfredo, White, Theodore, Woo, Bryan W. K., Yao, Z. Jamie, Yeh, Ping, Yoo, Juhwan, Young, Grayson, Zalcman, Adam, Zhu, Ningfeng, Zobrist, Nicholas, Neven, Hartmut, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, Petukhov, Andre, Korotkov, Alexander N., Sank, Daniel, and Chen, Yu

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Leakage of quantum information out of computational states into higher energy states represents a major challenge in the pursuit of quantum error correction (QEC). In a QEC circuit, leakage builds over time and spreads through multi-qubit interactions. This leads to correlated errors that degrade the exponential suppression of logical error with scale, challenging the feasibility of QEC as a path towards fault-tolerant quantum computation. Here, we demonstrate the execution of a distance-3 surface code and distance-21 bit-flip code on a Sycamore quantum processor where leakage is removed from all qubits in each cycle. This shortens the lifetime of leakage and curtails its ability to spread and induce correlated errors. We report a ten-fold reduction in steady-state leakage population on the data qubits encoding the logical state and an average leakage population of less than $1 \times 10^{-3}$ throughout the entire device. The leakage removal process itself efficiently returns leakage population back to the computational basis, and adding it to a code circuit prevents leakage from inducing correlated error across cycles, restoring a fundamental assumption of QEC. With this demonstration that leakage can be contained, we resolve a key challenge for practical QEC at scale., Comment: Main text: 7 pages, 5 figures

Published
2022
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50. Description and performance results of the trigger logic of TUS and Mini-EUSO to search for Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays from space

Author

Bertaina, M., Barghini, D., Battisti, M., Belov, A., Bianciotto, M., Bisconti, F., Blaksley, C., Bolmgren, K., Cambie, G., Capel, F., Casolino, M., Ebisuzaki, T., Fenu, F., Franceschi, M. A., Fuglesang, C., Golzio, A., Gorodetzky, P., Kajino, F., Klimov, P., Manfrin, M., Marcelli, L., Marszal, W., Mignone, M., Miyamoto, H., Napolitano, T., Parizot, E., Picozza, P., Piotrowski, L. W., Plebaniak, Z., Prevot, G., Reali, E., Ricci, M., Sakaki, N., Sharakin, S., Szabelski, J., Takizawa, Y., Vrabel, M., Yashin, I., and Zotov, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The trigger logic of the Tracking Ultraviolet Setup (TUS) and Multiwavelength Imaging New Instrument for the Extreme Universe Space Observatory (Mini-EUSO) space-based projects of the Joint Experiment Missions - EUSO (JEM-EUSO) program is summarized. The performance results on the search for ultra-high energy cosmic rays are presented.

Published
2022

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