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1. The ATLAS level-1 trigger: Status of the system and first results from cosmic-ray data

Author

Gabriele Chiodini, Thomas Trefzger, Hans-Christian Schultz-Coulon, F.C. Pastore, Gianpaolo Carlino, Barbara Liberti, T. Sugimoto, M. Dogaru, S. Patricelli, A. R. Gillman, Stephen Hillier, A. Di Mattia, J. R.A. Booth, D. Boscherini, N. Kanaya, T. Niwa, N. Lupu, A. Salamon, M. Bendel, P. Gallno, D. De Pedis, Yorito Yamaguchi, Uli Schäfer, Claudio Luci, Kunihiro Nagano, Enrico Pasqualucci, Paolo Iengo, Vincenzo Izzo, V. Lendermann, S. Ask, E. E. Woehrling, B. Bauss, P. M. Watkins, P. Adragna, Alan Watson, C. J. Curtis, David Berge, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, F. Grancagnolo, O. Bahat Treidel, S. Constantin, T. Kobayashi, H. Pessoa Lima, D. DellaVolpe, Yoji Hasegawa, S. Bressler, M. Biglietti, Yasuyuki Okumura, Stefano Veneziano, M. Perantoni, D. P. F. Prieur, Nicolas Ellis, Johannes Haller, Hiroyuki Iwasaki, R. Santonico, L. Zanello, Erez Etzion, S. I. Buda, T. Kadosaka, R. DeAsmundis, A. Roich, G. Ciapetti, R. Perrino, Tohru Takeshita, G. Mahout, D. Caracinha, Anna Rita Migliaccio, Shlomit Tarem, R. Achenbach, A.O. Davis, A. Hidvegi, Samuel Silverstein, V.J.O. Perera, Paolo Camarri, Stefan Tapprogge, H. Oshita, Giulio Aielli, F. Spila, H. Takeda, Yuta Takahashi, I.P. Brawn, Masaya Ishino, H. Kiyamura, R. Lifshitz, E. Eisenhandler, Vincenzo Canale, Enrique Kajomovitz, Yorihito Sugaya, Francesco Conventi, Paul Hanke, Lorne Levinson, Emilio Petrolo, Aleandro Nisati, C. N. P. Gee, M.R. Coluccia, K. Mahboubi, M. Johansen, Stefania Spagnolo, Giora Mikenberg, H. Nomoto, S. Antonelli, Thilo Pauly, Hiroshi Sakamoto, T. Kohno, Michele Bianco, T. Kawamoto, Rainer Stamen, F. Föhlisch, Roberto Cardarelli, A. Polini, Daniel Lellouch, Alberto Aloisio, P. Klofver, J. P. Thomas, Murrough Landon, M. DellaPietra, A. DiCiaccio, T. Kuwabara, C. Omachi, W. Qian, Riccardo Vari, Margherita Primavera, Mitsuaki Nozaki, Osamu Sasaki, P.J.W. Faulkner, K. Meier, Attila Krasznahorkay, Chikara Fukunaga, Mariagrazia Alviggi, F. Marchese, C. Geweniger, R.J. Staley, Masahiro Ikeno, Dave Charlton, E. E. Kluge, Sten Hellman, A. Di Girolamo, R. Spiwoks, V. Andrei, Masaharu Nomachi, P. Giusti, Makoto Tomoto, P. Weber, A. Bruni, Christian Ohm, Y. Benhammou, Satoshi Tanaka, M. Pectu, Edoardo Gorini, Givi Sekhniaidze, K. Schmitt, Frederik Rühr, L. Bellagamba, C. Bohm, Takashi Kubota, S. Haas, G. Schuler, Hisaya Kurashige, Yoshiji Yasu, Atsuhiko Ochi, G. Bruni, Dave Sankey, S. Rieke, P. Farthouat, Bruce Barnett, S. Ben Ami, Stefano Rosati, J.M. de Seixas, E. Solfaroli, Thorsten Wengler, Giuseppe Iacobucci, Aielli, G, Andrei, V, Achenbach, R, Bianco, Michele, Primavera, Margherita, Spagnolo, Stefania Antonia, Gorini, Edoardo, G., Aielli, V., Andrei, R., Achenbach, P., Adragna, Aloisio, Alberto, Alviggi, Mariagrazia, S., Antonelli, S., Ask, B., Barnett, B., Bau, Canale, Vincenzo, DELLA VOLPE, Domenico, and Patricelli, Sergio

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Atlas detector, atlas, cosmic-ray data, installation and commissioning, trigger system, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Nuclear physics, Software, Atlas (anatomy), medicine, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Instrumentation, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Luminosity (scattering theory), business.industry, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), medicine.anatomical_structure, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Granularity, business
Abstract

The ATLAS detector at CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will be exposed to proton-proton collisions from beams crossing at 40 MHz. At the design luminosity of 10^34 cm^-2 s^-1 there are on average 23 collisions per bunch crossing. A three-level trigger system will select potentially interesting events in order to reduce the read-out rate to about 200 Hz. The first trigger level is implemented in custom-built electronics and makes an initial fast selection based on detector data of coarse granularity. It has to reduce the rate by a factor of 10^4 to less than 100 kHz. The other two consecutive trigger levels are in software and run on PC farms. We present an overview of the first-level trigger system and report on the current installation status. Moreover, we show analysis results of cosmic-ray data recorded in situ at the ATLAS experimental site with final or close-to-final hardware., Contribution to the 11th Vienna Conference on Instrumentation (2007), 12 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in the proceedings in NIM A

Published
2007
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2. The ATLAS level-1 central trigger processor core module (CTP/spl I.bar/CORE)

Author

Nicolas Ellis, I.R. Arcas, Thilo Pauly, R. Spiwoks, J. Haller, P. Farthouat, Thorsten Wengler, J.M. de Seixas, P. Amaral, G. Schuler, H.P.L. Junior, R.T. Teixeira, Tadashi Maeno, and P. Gallno

Subjects
Physics, Digital electronics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Multi-core processor, Large Hadron Collider, Calorimeter (particle physics), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Firmware, Detector, Electrical engineering, computer.software_genre, Data acquisition, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Nuclear electronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, computer
Abstract

ATLAS is a detector at CERN's Large Hadron Collider where bunches of protons in counter-rotating beams will cross every 25 ns producing, on average, about 25 collisions for a total interaction rate of 1 GHz. A three-level trigger system selects bunch crossings potentially containing interesting processes. The Level-1 trigger, implemented in electronics and firmware, makes an initial selection in under 2.5 mus with an output rate of less than 100 kHz. A key element of this is the core module of the Central Trigger Processor which combines trigger information from the calorimeter and muon trigger processors to make the final Level-1 accept decision in under 75 ns. The event-selection algorithm used by the core module is based on lists of selection criteria, i.e., trigger menus, and is implemented in fully programmable look-up tables and content-addressable memories. In addition to the event selection, the core module generates dead-time in order to limit the frequency of Level-1 accepts to a rate that the sub-detector front-end electronics can support. The core module further provides trigger-summary information to the Level-2 trigger and to the data acquisition system. The design of the core module is presented, and results from recent laboratory tests and from tests with the calorimeter and muon trigger processors connected to detectors in a particle beam are shown

Published
2005
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3. Status of the ATLAS level-1 central trigger and muon barrel trigger and first results from cosmic-ray data

Author

Johannes Haller, Andrea Messina, Daniel Lellouch, Paolo Camarri, Stefano Veneziano, P. Gallno, Paolo Iengo, Yasuyuki Okumura, Masaharu Nomachi, G. Schuler, Stefania Spagnolo, Alberto Aloisio, Hisaya Kurashige, F. Spila, D. De Pedis, Roberto Perrino, H. Nomoto, Giuseppe Iacobucci, Tohru Takeshita, R. Santonico, A. Bruni, Erez Etzion, Shlomit Tarem, R. Lifshitz, Anna Rita Migliaccio, P. Klofver, H. Oshita, F. Grancagnolo, T. Kuwabara, O.B. Treidel, M. Biglietti, Margherita Primavera, S. Tanaka, G. Aielli, M. Della Pietra, Attila Krasznahorkay, S. Ask, P. Farthouat, Vincenzo Izzo, Hiroshi Sakamoto, M. Perantoni, Hiroyuki Iwasaki, H. Takeda, Enrique Kajomovitz, Masahiro Ikeno, S. Antonelli, D. della Volpe, Stefano Rosati, J.M. de Seixas, T. Kobayashi, Vincenzo Canale, Roberto Cardarelli, M.R. Coluccia, Yorihito Sugaya, Michele Bianco, C. Omachi, Givi Sekhniaidze, Mitsuaki Nozaki, Emilio Petrolo, Osamu Sasaki, E. Solfaroli, T. Kawamoto, Thilo Pauly, Thorsten Wengler, T. Kohno, P. Giusti, Gabriele Chiodini, Takashi Kubota, Mariagrazia Alviggi, Yoshiji Yasu, Makoto Tomoto, Barbara Liberti, G. Mikenberg, S. I. Buda, T. Sugimoto, S. Ben Amii, S. Haas, S. Patricelli, R. de Asmundis, Gianpaolo Carlino, A. Salamon, T. Niwa, G. Bruni, Lorne Levinson, Chikara Fukunaga, M. Dogaru, Enrico Pasqualucci, A. DiCiaccio, S. Constantin, Yuta Takahashi, H.P. Lima, Riccardo Vari, N. Lupu, Nicolas Ellis, Y. Benhammou, F.C. Pastore, A. Di Mattia, D. Boscherini, Francesco Conventi, M. Pectu, Edoardo Gorini, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, T. Kadosaka, Masaya Ishino, A. Di Girolamo, R. Spiwoks, H. Kiyamura, L. Bellagamba, Yohei Yamaguchi, Yoji Hasegawa, L. Zanello, Shikma Bressler, F. Marchese, Aleandro Nisati, Christian Ohm, Atsuhiko Ochi, Claudio Luci, Kunihiro Nagano, Alessandro Polini, David Berge, A. Roich, G. Ciapetti, N. Kanaya, D. Caracinha, Aielli, G, Aloisio, A, Alviggi, Mg, Antonelli, S, Ask, S, Bellagamba, L, BEN AMI, S, Benhammou, Y, Berge, D, Bianco, Michele, Biglietti, Mg, Boscherini, D, Bressler, S, Bruni, A, Bruni, G, Buda, S, Camarri, P, Canale, V, Caracinha, D, Cardarelli, R, Carlino, G, Chiodini, G, Ciapetti, G, Coluccia, Mr, Constantin, S, Conventi, F, Deasmundis, R, Dellapietra, M, Dellavolpe, D, Dogaru, M, DE PEDIS, D, DI GIROLAMO, A, Diciaccio, A, DI MATTIA, A, Ellis, N, Etzion, E, Farthouat, P, Fukunaga, C, Gallno, P, Gorini, Edoardo, Grancagnolo, F, Giusti, P, Haas, S, Haller, J, Hasegawa, Y, Iacobucci, G, Ikeno, M, Iengo, P, Ishino, M, Iwasaki, H, Izzo, V, Kadosaka, T, Kajomovitz, E, Kanaya, N, Kawagoe, K, Kawamoto, T, Kiyamura, H, Klofver, P, Kobayashi, T, Kohno, T, Krasznahorkay, A, Kubota, T, Kurashige, H, Kuwabara, T, Lellouch, D, Levinson, L, Liberti, B, Lifshitz, R, Luci, C, Lupu, N, Marchese, F, Messina, A, Mikenberg, G, Migliaccio, A, Nagano, K, Nisati, A, Niwa, T, Nomachi, M, Nomoto, H, Nozaki, M, Ochi, A, Ohm, C, Okumura, Y, Omachi, C, Oshita, H, Patricelli, S, Pauly, T, Perantoni, M, Lima, Hp, Petrolo, E, Pasqualucci, E, Pastore, F, Pectu, M, Perrino, R, Polini, A, Primavera, Margherita, Roich, A, Rosati, S, Salamon, A, Sakamoto, H, Santonico, R, Sasaki, O, Schuler, G, DE SEIXAS, Jm, Sekhniaidze, G, Solfaroli, E, Spagnolo, Stefania Antonia, Spila, F, Spiwoks, R, Sugaya, Y, Sugimoto, T, Takahashi, Y, Takeda, H, Takeshita, T, Tanaka, S, Tarem, S, Tomoto, M, Treidel, Ob, Vari, R, Veneziano, S, Wengler, T, Yamaguchi, Y, Yasu, Y, Zanello, L., G., Aielli, Aloisio, Alberto, Alviggi, Mariagrazia, S., Antonelli, S., Ask, L., Bellagamba, S., Ben Ami, Y., Benhammou, David, Berge, M., Bianco, M. G., Biglietti, D., Boscherini, S., Bressler, A., Bruni, G., Bruni, S., Buda, P., Camarri, Canale, Vincenzo, D., Caracinha, R., Cardarelli, G., Carlino, G., Chiodini, G., Ciapetti, M. R., Coluccia, S., Constantin, F., Conventi, R., Deasmundi, DELLA PIETRA, Massimo, DELLA VOLPE, Domenico, M., Dogaru, D., De Pedi, A., Di Girolamo, A., Diciaccio, A., Di Mattia, N., Elli, E., Etzion, P., Farthouat, C., Fukunaga, P., Gallno, E., Gorini, F., Grancagnolo, P., Giusti, S., Haa, J., Haller, Y., Hasegawa, G., Iacobucci, M., Ikeno, P., Iengo, M., Ishino, H., Iwasaki, V., Izzo, T., Kadosaka, E., Kajomovitz, N., Kanaya, K., Kawagoe, T., Kawamoto, H., Kiyamura, P., Klofver, T., Kobayashi, T., Kohno, A., Krasznahorkay, T., Kubota, H., Kurashige, T., Kuwabara, D., Lellouch, L., Levinson, B., Liberti, R., Lifshitz, C., Luci, N., Lupu, F., Marchese, A., Messina, G., Mikenberg, A., Migliaccio, K., Nagano, A., Nisati, T., Niwa, M., Nomachi, H., Nomoto, M., Nozaki, A., Ochi, C., Ohm, Y., Okumura, C., Omachi, H., Oshita, S., Patricelli, T., Pauly, M., Perantoni, H., Pessoa Lima, E., Petrolo, E., Pasqualucci, F., Pastore, M., Pectu, R., Perrino, A., Polini, M., Primavera, A., Roich, S., Rosati, A., Salamon, H., Sakamoto, R., Santonico, O., Sasaki, G., Schuler, J. M., de Seixa, G., Sekhniaidze, E., Solfaroli, S., Spagnolo, F., Spila, R., Spiwok, Y., Sugaya, T., Sugimoto, Y., Takahashi, H., Takeda, T., Takeshita, S., Tanaka, S., Tarem, M., Tomoto, O., Bahat Treidel, R., Vari, S., Veneziano, T., Wengler, Y., Yamaguchi, Y., Yasu, and L., Zanello

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Detector, Barrel (horology), Cosmic ray, Nuclear physics, Data acquisition, medicine.anatomical_structure, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Atlas (anatomy), Nuclear electronics, medicine, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Computer hardware
Abstract

The ATLAS detector at CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will be exposed to proton-proton collisions from beams crossing at 40 MHz. A three-level trigger system will select potentially interesting events in order to reduce the readout rate to about 200 Hz. The first trigger level is implemented in custom-built electronics and makes an initial fast selection based on detector data of coarse granularity. It has to reduce the rate by a factor of 104 to less than 100 kHz. The other two consecutive trigger levels are in software and run on PC farms. We present an overview of the first-level central trigger and the muon barrel trigger system and report on the current installation status. Moreover, we show analysis results of cosmic-ray data recorded in situ at the ATLAS experimental site with final or close-to-final hardware.

Published
2008

4. The ATLAS level-1 trigger: Status of the system and experience from commissioning with cosmic ray muons2007 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record

Author

R. Achenbach, P. Adragna, G. Aielli, V. Andrei, S. Antonelli, S. Ask, B. Asman, O. Bahat Treidel, B. M. Barnett, B. Bauss, L. Bellagamba, S. Ben Ami, M. Bendel, Y. Benhammou, D. Berge, M. Bianco, M. G. Biglietti, C. Bohm, J. R. A. Booth, D. Boscherini, I. P. Brawn, S. Bressler, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, S. Buda, P. Camarri, D. Caracinha, R. Cardarelli, G. Carlino, Charlton, G. Chiodini, G. Ciapetti, N. J. Collins, M. R. Coluccia, S. Constantin, F. Conventi, C. J. Curtis, A. O. Davis, D. De Pedis, J. M. de Seixas, R. De Asmundis, DELLA PIETRA, MASSIMO, A. Di Girolamo, A. Di Mattia, A. DiCiaccio, M. Dogaru, S. Eckweiler, W. Ehrenfeld, E. Eisenhandler, N. Ellis, E. Etzion, P. Farthouat, P. J. W. Faulkner, J. Fleckner, F. Fohlisch, C. Fukunaga, P. Gallno, C. N. P. Gee, C. Geweniger, A. R. Gillman, P. Giusti, E. Gorini, F. Grancagnolo, S. Haas, J. Haller, P. Hanke, Y. Hasegawa, S. J. Head, S. Hellman, A. Hidvegi, S. J. Hillier, G. Iacobucci, P. Iengo, M. Ikeno, M. Ishino, H. Iwasaki, V. Izzo, M. Johansen, T. Kadosaka, E. Kajomovitz, N. Kanaya, K. Kawagoe, T. Kawamoto, H. Kiyamura, P. Klofver, E. E. Kluge, T. Kobayashi, A. Krasznahorkay, T. Kubota, H. Kurashige, T. Kuwabara, M. Landon, D. Lellouch, V. Lendermann, L. Levinson, B. Liberti, R. Lifshitz, J. N. Lilley, C. Luci, N. Lupu, K. Mahboubi, G. Mahout, F. Marchese, K. Meier, A. Messina, A. Migliaccio, G. Mikenberg, T. Moa, K. Nagano, A. Neusiedl, A. Nisati, T. Niwa, M. Nomachi, H. Nomoto, M. Nozaki, A. Ochi, C. Ohm, Y. Okumura, B. Oltmann, C. Omachi, H. Oshita, E. Pasqualucci, F. Pastore, T. Pauly, M. Pectu, M. Perantoni, V. J. O. Perera, R. Perrino, H. Pessoa Lima, E. Petrolo, A. Polini, D. P. F. Prieur, M. Primavera, W. Qian, S. Rieke, A. Roich, S. Rosati, F. Ruhr, H. Sakamoto, A. Salamon, D. P. C. Sankey, R. Santonico, O. Sasaki, U. Schafer, K. Schmitt, G. Schuler, H. C. Schultz Coulon, G. Sekhniaidze, S. Silverstein, E. Solfaroli, S. Spagnolo, F. Spila, R. Spiwoks, R. J. Staley, R. Stamen, M. C. Stockton, Y. Sugaya, T. Sugimoto, Y. Takahashi, H. Takeda, T. Takeshita, S. Tanaka, S. Tapprogge, S. Tarem, J. P. Thomas, M. Tomoto, T. Trefzger, R. Vari, S. Veneziano, P. M. Watkins, A. Watson, P. Weber, T. Wengler, E. E. Woehrling, Y. Yamaguchi, Y. Yasu, L. Zanello, ALOISIO, ALBERTO, ALVIGGI, MARIAGRAZIA, CANALE, VINCENZO, CEVENINI, FRANCESCO, CHIEFARI, GIOVANNI, DELLA VOLPE, DOMENICO, PATRICELLI, SERGIO, R., Achenbach, P., Adragna, G., Aielli, Aloisio, Alberto, Alviggi, Mariagrazia, V., Andrei, S., Antonelli, S., Ask, B., Asman, O., Bahat Treidel, B. M., Barnett, B., Bau, L., Bellagamba, S., Ben Ami, M., Bendel, Y., Benhammou, D., Berge, M., Bianco, M. G., Biglietti, C., Bohm, J. R. A., Booth, D., Boscherini, I. P., Brawn, S., Bressler, A., Bruni, G., Bruni, S., Buda, P., Camarri, Canale, Vincenzo, D., Caracinha, R., Cardarelli, G., Carlino, Cevenini, Francesco, Charlton, Chiefari, Giovanni, G., Chiodini, G., Ciapetti, N. J., Collin, M. R., Coluccia, S., Constantin, F., Conventi, C. J., Curti, A. O., Davi, D., De Pedi, J. M., de Seixa, R., De Asmundi, DELLA PIETRA, Massimo, DELLA VOLPE, Domenico, A., Di Girolamo, A., Di Mattia, A., Diciaccio, M., Dogaru, S., Eckweiler, W., Ehrenfeld, E., Eisenhandler, N., Elli, E., Etzion, P., Farthouat, P. J. W., Faulkner, J., Fleckner, F., Fohlisch, C., Fukunaga, P., Gallno, C. N. P., Gee, C., Geweniger, A. R., Gillman, P., Giusti, E., Gorini, F., Grancagnolo, S., Haa, J., Haller, P., Hanke, Y., Hasegawa, S. J., Head, S., Hellman, A., Hidvegi, S. J., Hillier, G., Iacobucci, P., Iengo, M., Ikeno, M., Ishino, H., Iwasaki, V., Izzo, M., Johansen, T., Kadosaka, E., Kajomovitz, N., Kanaya, K., Kawagoe, T., Kawamoto, H., Kiyamura, P., Klofver, E. E., Kluge, T., Kobayashi, A., Krasznahorkay, T., Kubota, H., Kurashige, T., Kuwabara, M., Landon, D., Lellouch, V., Lendermann, L., Levinson, B., Liberti, R., Lifshitz, J. N., Lilley, C., Luci, N., Lupu, K., Mahboubi, G., Mahout, F., Marchese, K., Meier, A., Messina, A., Migliaccio, G., Mikenberg, T., Moa, K., Nagano, A., Neusiedl, A., Nisati, T., Niwa, M., Nomachi, H., Nomoto, M., Nozaki, A., Ochi, C., Ohm, Y., Okumura, B., Oltmann, C., Omachi, H., Oshita, E., Pasqualucci, F., Pastore, Patricelli, Sergio, T., Pauly, M., Pectu, M., Perantoni, V. J. O., Perera, R., Perrino, H., Pessoa Lima, E., Petrolo, A., Polini, D. P. F., Prieur, M., Primavera, W., Qian, S., Rieke, A., Roich, S., Rosati, F., Ruhr, H., Sakamoto, A., Salamon, D. P. C., Sankey, R., Santonico, O., Sasaki, U., Schafer, K., Schmitt, G., Schuler, H. C., Schultz Coulon, G., Sekhniaidze, S., Silverstein, E., Solfaroli, S., Spagnolo, F., Spila, R., Spiwok, R. J., Staley, R., Stamen, M. C., Stockton, Y., Sugaya, T., Sugimoto, Y., Takahashi, H., Takeda, T., Takeshita, S., Tanaka, S., Tapprogge, S., Tarem, J. P., Thoma, M., Tomoto, T., Trefzger, R., Vari, S., Veneziano, P. M., Watkin, A., Watson, P., Weber, T., Wengler, E. E., Woehrling, Y., Yamaguchi, Y., Yasu, and L., Zanello

Abstract

The detector at CERN's large hadron collider (LHC) was exposed to proton-proton collisions from beams crossing at 40 MHz. A three-level trigger system will select potentially interesting events in order to reduce this rate to 100- 200 Hz. A trigger decision is made by the Level-1 central trigger processor (CTP) reducing the incoming rate to less than 100 kHz. The Level-1 decision is based on calorimeter information and hits in dedicated muon trigger detectors. The final Level-1 trigger system is currently being installed in the experiment with completion expected in autumn 2007. Cosmic ray data are regularly recorded as an increasing fraction of the trigger system comes online. We present an overview of the Level-1 trigger system architecture and report on the installation and commissioning process at the ATLAS experimental site. Emphasis is put on the integration of the CTP with the calorimeter and muon trigger systems. We show results from analyses of cosmic ray data recorded in situ and verify, where possible, that the Level-1 trigger meets the requirements and will be ready for data taking.

Published
2007

5. The ATLAS central level-1 trigger logic and TTC system

Author

D. Caracinha, Christian Ohm, Attila Krasznahorkay, P. Klofver, H Pessoa Lima Junior, Thorsten Wengler, P Borrego-Amaral, P. Gallno, R. Spiwoks, Nicolas Ellis, David James Sherman, P. Farthouat, David Berge, Johannes Haller, T. Pauly, S. Ask, G. Schuler, M. Perantoni, J.M. de Seixas, S. Haas, R. Torga Teixeira, and Andrea Messina

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Computer science, Interface (computing), ATLAS experiment, Electrical engineering, Readout electronics, Modular design, medicine.anatomical_structure, Atlas (anatomy), medicine, ddc:610, business, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Computer hardware
Abstract

The ATLAS central level-1 trigger logic consists in the Central Trigger Processor and the interface to the detector-specific muon level-1 trigger electronics. It is responsible for forming a level-1 trigger in the ATLAS experiment. The distribution of the timing, trigger and control information from the central trigger processor to the readout electronics of the ATLAS subdetectors is done with the TTC system. Both systems are presented.

Published
2008
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6. The ATLAS level-1 trigger: Status of the system and experience from commissioning with cosmic ray muons

Author

Thomas Trefzger, Michele Bianco, Hans-Christian Schultz-Coulon, Barbara Liberti, F.C. Pastore, Mariagrazia Alviggi, T. Sugimoto, S. Patricelli, Masahiro Ikeno, Roberto Cardarelli, Karlheinz Meier, Yuta Takahashi, T. Niwa, Riccardo Vari, Atsuhiko Ochi, M. Bendel, Hiroshi Sakamoto, Johannes Haller, Neil Collins, A. Hidvegi, H. Kiyamura, N. Kanaya, B. Åsman, B. Bauss, Paolo Camarri, Stefan Tapprogge, Alessandro Polini, E. Solfaroli, David Berge, Mitsuaki Nozaki, D. De Pedis, Yorito Yamaguchi, M. Johansen, Thorsten Wengler, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, E. E. Woehrling, Osamu Sasaki, R. DeAsmundis, P. M. Watkins, Givi Sekhniaidze, S. Antonelli, P. Giusti, M. Perantoni, M. Biglietti, Y. Benhammou, A.O. Davis, Murrough Landon, T. Kadosaka, Attila Krasznahorkay, Yasuyuki Okumura, Margherita Primavera, V.J.O. Perera, C. Geweniger, P. Klofver, A. R. Gillman, Dave Charlton, Christian Ohm, Tohru Takeshita, R. Santonico, R.J. Staley, Samuel Silverstein, Masaya Ishino, E. Eisenhandler, Aleandro Nisati, E. E. Kluge, G. Mikenberg, Enrico Pasqualucci, S. Ben Amii, T. Kuwabara, A. Bruni, Mark Stockton, Enrique Kajomovitz, F. Marchese, Anna Rita Migliaccio, S. I. Buda, M. Dogaru, Francesco Conventi, Frederik Rühr, M.R. Coluccia, Takashi Kubota, Yoshiji Yasu, J. N. Lilley, Sten Hellman, P. Gallno, Giuseppe Iacobucci, C. Bohm, W. Qian, D. P. F. Prieur, Paolo Iengo, Gabriele Chiodini, Andrea Messina, V. Andrei, Erez Etzion, Masaharu Nomachi, A. Di Girolamo, R. Spiwoks, Paul Hanke, S. Constantin, Thilo Pauly, Shlomit Tarem, Dave Sankey, S. Rieke, Gianpaolo Carlino, T. Moa, H. Takeda, Giulio Aielli, G. Bruni, F. Spila, P. Farthouat, Bruce Barnett, C. N. P. Gee, S. Ask, M. DellaPietra, A. DiCiaccio, Chikara Fukunaga, Stefano Rosati, R. Lifshitz, J.M. de Seixas, A. Salamon, F. Grancagnolo, Yoji Hasegawa, C. Omachi, P.J.W. Faulkner, Rainer Stamen, L. Zanello, Claudio Luci, Kunihiro Nagano, S. Eckweiler, J. Fleckner, N. Lupu, Nicolas Ellis, B. Oltmann, S. Haas, Stefania Spagnolo, H. Nomoto, Daniel Lellouch, Alberto Aloisio, T. Kawamoto, A. Roich, G. Ciapetti, G. Mahout, T. Kobayashi, K. Schmitt, D. Caracinha, R. Achenbach, W. Ehrenfeld, M. Pectu, Edoardo Gorini, Simon Head, Uli Schäfer, L. Bellagamba, C. J. Curtis, Hiroyuki Iwasaki, Lorne Levinson, H.P. Lima, F. Föhlisch, Stephen Hillier, A. Di Mattia, D. Boscherini, P. Adragna, Alan Watson, Yorihito Sugaya, Emilio Petrolo, A. Neusiedl, Makoto Tomoto, P. Weber, J. R.A. Booth, Vincenzo Izzo, V. Lendermann, D. DellaVolpe, Stefano Veneziano, H. Oshita, L. P. Brawn, O.B. Treidel, S. Tanaka, Vincenzo Canale, K. Mahboubi, G. Schuler, Hisaya Kurashige, Roberto Perrino, J. P. Thomas, and Shikma Bressler

Subjects
Physics, Muon, Large Hadron Collider, Calorimeter (particle physics), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Real-time computing, Detector, Cosmic ray, Nuclear physics, medicine.anatomical_structure, Atlas (anatomy), Nuclear electronics, Systems architecture, medicine, Physics::Accelerator Physics
Abstract

The detector at CERN's large hadron collider (LHC) was exposed to proton-proton collisions from beams crossing at 40 MHz. A three-level trigger system will select potentially interesting events in order to reduce this rate to 100- 200 Hz. A trigger decision is made by the Level-1 central trigger processor (CTP) reducing the incoming rate to less than 100 kHz. The Level-1 decision is based on calorimeter information and hits in dedicated muon trigger detectors. The final Level-1 trigger system is currently being installed in the experiment with completion expected in autumn 2007. Cosmic ray data are regularly recorded as an increasing fraction of the trigger system comes online. We present an overview of the Level-1 trigger system architecture and report on the installation and commissioning process at the ATLAS experimental site. Emphasis is put on the integration of the CTP with the calorimeter and muon trigger systems. We show results from analyses of cosmic ray data recorded in situ and verify, where possible, that the Level-1 trigger meets the requirements and will be ready for data taking.

Published
2007
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7. The first-level trigger of ATLAS

Author

Johannes Haller, R. Achenbach, Giulio Aielli, A. Aloisio, M. G. Alviggi, V. Aprodu, S. Ask, B.M. Barnett, D. Bartos, B. Bauss, A. Belkin, Yan Benhammou, V. Bocci, C. Bohm, J.R.A. Booth, E. Brambilla, I.P. Brawn, S. Bressler, S. Buda, V. Canale, D. Caracinha, Roberto Cardarelli, Gianpaolo Carlino, G. Cataldi, D. G. Charlton, G. Chiodi, G. Ciapetti, S. Constantin, Francesco Conventi, A.O. Davis, D. De Pedis, Jose DE SEIXAS, R. DeAsmundis, M. DellaPietra, Domenico Della Volpe, A. Di Girolamo, A. Di Mattia, Anna Di Ciaccio, A. Di Simone, L. Distante, M. Dogaru, J. Edwards, E. Eisenhandler, N. Ellis, E. Etzion, P. Farthouat, F. Föhlisch, C. Fukunaga, P. Gallno, C.N.P. Gee, E. Gennari, C. Geweniger, A. R. Gillman, E. Gorini, Sergio Grancagnolo, S. Haas, P. Hanke, A. Harel, Y. Hasegawa, S. Hellman, A. Hidvégi, S.J. Hillier, R. Ichimiya, Paolo Iengo, M. Ikeno, M. Ishino, H. Iwasaki, V. Izzo, S. Kagawa, N. Kanaya, K. Kawagoe, T. Kawamoto, H. Kiyamura, E.-E. Kluge, T. Kobayashi, A. Krasznahorkay, H. Kurashige, T. Kuwabara, M. Landon, D. Lellouch, L. Levinson, R. Lifshitz, C. Luci, N. Lupu, C. Magureanu, Kambiz Mahboubi, G. Mahout, K. Meier, A. Migliaccio, G. Mikenberg, A. Mirea, T. H. Moye, K. Nagano, A. Nisati, M. Nomachi, H. Nomoto, Mitsuaki Nozaki, Atsuhiko Ochi, T. Ogata, C. Omachi, H. Oshita, E. Pasqualucci, Francesca Pastore, S. Patricelli, T. Pauly, M. Pectu, M. Perantoni, V. J.O. Perera, R. Perrino, H. Junior Pessoa Lima, E. Petrolo, M. Primavera, L. Prodan, W. Qian, S. Rieke, F. Rühr, A. Rusu, Hiroshi Sakamoto, A. Salamon, D. P.C. Sankey, R. Santonico, O. Sasaki, U. Schäfer, K. Schmitt, G. Schuler, H. -C. Schultz Coulon, Givi Sekhniaidze, S. Silverstein, S. Spagnolo, F. Spila, R. Spiwoks, R. J. Staley, Y. Sugaya, T. Sugimoto, H. Takeda, Tohru TAKESHITA, Shuji Tanaka, Stefan Tapprogge, S. Tarem, J. P. Thomas, T. Trefzger, D. Typaldos, C. Uroseviteanu, Riccardo Vari, S. Veneziano, P. M. Watkins, A. Watson, Pavel WEBER, G. A. Weber, Thorsten Wengler, E. -E. Woehrling, Y. Yamaguchi, Y. Yasu, and L. Zanello

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, Muon, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, ATLAS experiment, Data rate, Calorimeter, Event selection, medicine.anatomical_structure, Atlas (anatomy), medicine, Level trigger, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, business, Computer hardware
Abstract

Due to the huge interaction rates and the tough experimental environment of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy sqrt(s)=14 TeV and luminosities of up to 10^34cm^-2s^-1, one of the experimental challenges at the LHC is the triggering of interesting events. In the ATLAS experiment a three-level trigger system is foreseen for this purpose. The first-level trigger is implemented in custom hardware and has been designed to reduce the data rate from the initial bunch-crossing rate of 40MHz to around 75 kHz. Its event selection is based on information from the calorimeters and dedicated muon detectors. This article gives an overview over the full first-level trigger system including the Calorimeter Trigger, the Muon Trigger and the Central Trigger Processor. In addition, recent results are reported that have been obtained from test-beam studies performed at CERN where the full first-level trigger chain was established successfully for the first time and used to trigger the read-out of up to nine ATLAS sub-detector systems. Due to the huge interaction rates and the tough experimental environment of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy sqrt(s)=14TeV and luminosities of up to 10^34 cm^-2 s^-1, one of the experimental challenges at the LHC is the triggering of interesting events. In the ATLAS experiment a three-level trigger system is foreseen for this purpose. The first-level trigger is implemented in custom hardware and has been designed to reduce the data rate from the initial bunch-crossing rate of 40 MHz to around 75 kHz. Its event selection is based on information from the calorimeters and dedicated muon detectors. This article gives an overview over the full first-level trigger system including the Calorimeter Trigger, the Muon Trigger and the Central Trigger Processor. In addition, recent results are reported that have been obtained from test-beam studies performed at CERN where the full first-level trigger chain was established successfully for the first time and used to trigger the read-out of up to nine ATLAS sub-detector systems. Due to the huge interaction rates and the tough experimental environment of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy sqrt(s)=14TeV and luminosities of up to 10^34 cm^-2 s^-1, one of the experimental challenges at the LHC is the triggering of interesting events. In the ATLAS experiment a three-level trigger system is foreseen for this purpose. The first-level trigger is implemented in custom hardware and has been designed to reduce the data rate from the initial bunch-crossing rate of 40 MHz to around 75 kHz. Its event selection is based on information from the calorimeters and dedicated muon detectors. This article gives an overview over the full first-level trigger system including the Calorimeter Trigger, the Muon Trigger and the Central Trigger Processor. In addition, recent results are reported that have been obtained from test-beam studies performed at CERN where the full first-level trigger chain was established successfully for the first time and used to trigger the read-out of up to nine ATLAS sub-detector systems. Due to the huge interaction rates and the tough experimental environment of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy sqrt(s)=14TeV and luminosities of up to 10^34 cm^-2 s^-1, one of the experimental challenges at the LHC is the triggering of interesting events. In the ATLAS experiment a three-level trigger system is foreseen for this purpose. The first-level trigger is implemented in custom hardware and has been designed to reduce the data rate from the initial bunch-crossing rate of 40 MHz to around 75 kHz. Its event selection is based on information from the calorimeters and dedicated muon detectors. This article gives an overview over the full first-level trigger system including the Calorimeter Trigger, the Muon Trigger and the Central Trigger Processor. In addition, recent results are reported that have been obtained from test-beam studies performed at CERN where the full first-level trigger chain was established successfully for the first time and used to trigger the read-out of up to nine ATLAS sub-detector systems. Due to the huge interaction rates and the tough experimental environment of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy sqrt(s)=14TeV and luminosities of up to 10^34 cm^-2 s^-1, one of the experimental challenges at the LHC is the triggering of interesting events. In the ATLAS experiment a three-level trigger system is foreseen for this purpose. The first-level trigger is implemented in custom hardware and has been designed to reduce the data rate from the initial bunch-crossing rate of 40 MHz to around 75 kHz. Its event selection is based on information from the calorimeters and dedicated muon detectors. This article gives an overview over the full first-level trigger system including the Calorimeter Trigger, the Muon Trigger and the Central Trigger Processor. In addition, recent results are reported that have been obtained from test-beam studies performed at CERN where the full first-level trigger chain was established successfully for the first time and used to trigger the read-out of up to nine ATLAS sub-detector systems.

Published
2005

8. The ATLAS level-1 central trigger system

Author

P. Gallno, Philippe Farthouat, T. Pauly, G. Schuler, Tadashi Maeno, H.P. Lima, P. Amaral, Thorsten Wengler, R. Spiwoks, J. Haller, R.T. Teixeira, Nicolas Ellis, I.R. Arcas, and J.M. de Seixas

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Engineering, business.industry, Emphasis (telecommunications), Readout electronics, Fan-out, Data acquisition, medicine.anatomical_structure, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Atlas (anatomy), Nuclear electronics, Embedded system, Electronic engineering, medicine, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Computer hardware
Abstract

The central part of the ATLAS Level-1 trigger system consists of the central trigger processor (CTP), the local trigger processors (LTPs), the timing, trigger, and control (TTC) system, and the read-out driver busy (ROD/spl I.bar/BUSY) modules. The CTP combines information from calorimeter and muon trigger processors, as well as from other sources, and makes the final Level-1 accept decision (L1A) on the basis of lists of selection criteria, implemented as trigger menus. Timing and trigger signals are fanned out to about 40 LTPs, which inject them into the subdetector TTC partitions. The LTPs also support stand-alone running and can generate all necessary signals from memory. The TTC partitions fan out the timing and trigger signals to the subdetector front-end electronics. The ROD/spl I.bar/BUSY modules receive busy signals from the front-end electronics, and send them to the CTP (via an LTP) to throttle the generation of L1As. An overview of the ATLAS Level-1 central trigger system will be presented, with emphasis on the design and tests of the CTP modules.

Published
2005
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9. The ATLAS local trigger processor (LTP)

Author

R.T. Teixeira, R. Spiwoks, Thorsten Wengler, Pedro Amaral, J.M. de Seixas, I.R. Arcas, H.P. Lima, Philippe Farthouat, Nicolas Ellis, P. Gallno, G. Schuler, and T. Maeno

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Engineering, business.industry, Real-time computing, Long-term potentiation, Data generator, Partition (database), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Nuclear electronics, Electronic engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Daisy chain, business, Computer hardware
Abstract

The local trigger processor (LTP) receives timing and trigger signals from the central trigger processor (CTP), and injects them into the timing, trigger, and control (TTC) system of a subdetector front-end TTC partition. The LTP allows stand-alone running by using local timing and trigger signals or by generating them from memory. In addition, several LTPs of the same subdetector can be daisy- chained. The LTP can thus be regarded as a switching element for timing and trigger signals with input from the CTP or the daisy chain, from local input, or from the internal data generator, and with output to the daisy chain, to the TTC partition, or to local output. Finally, in combined mode, several LTPs can be connected together using their local outputs and local inputs to allow stand-alone running of combinations of different subdetectors.

Published
2005
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10. The ATLAS Level-1 Trigger Timing Setup

Author

Attila Krasznahorkay, R.T. Teixeira, H.P. Lima, I.R. Arcas, P. Amaral, Nicolas Ellis, G. Schuler, J. Haller, Thorsten Wengler, Tadashi Maeno, R. Spiwoks, P. Farthouat, J.M. de Seixas, P. Gallno, and Thilo Pauly

Subjects
Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Calorimeter (particle physics), Firmware, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Pipeline (computing), Detector, Real-time computing, Latency (audio), computer.software_genre, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Timestamp, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Central element, computer
Abstract

The ATLAS detector at CERN's LHC will be exposed to proton-proton collisions at a bunch-crossing rate of 40 MHz. In order to reduce the data rate, a three-level trigger system selects potentially interesting physics processes. The first trigger level is implemented in electronics and firmware. It aims at reducing the output rate to less than 100 kHz. The central trigger processor (CTP) combines information from the calorimeter and muon trigger processors and makes the final Level-1-Accept (L1A) decision. It is a central element in the timing setup of the experiment. Three aspects are considered in this article: the timing setup with respect to the Level-1 trigger, with respect to the experiment, and with respect to the world. Trigger signals from the muon and calorimeter trigger processors have to be synchronized in phase with respect to the local clock, and aligned in terms of the bunch crossing they originate from. The Level-1 latency is defined as the time between the collision and the arrival of the L1A at the sub-detectors. It is fixed and less than 2.5 musec. During this time, the data from all sub-detectors are stored in front-end pipeline buffers. In order to guarantee read-out of the same collision, the pipeline lengths must be carefully tuned in order to match the Level-1 latency using several strategies with and without particle beam. The CTP further calculates a UTC time stamp derived from a GPS-based time-stamping system with a stability of 5 nsec and high absolute time precision. The time stamp will allow us to correlate ATLAS events with those in other particle-physics or astronomic detectors at CERN or elsewhere

Published
2005

11. The ATLAS Level-1 Central Trigger Processor Core Module (CTP_CORE)

Author

Nicolas Ellis, J. Haller, I.R. Arcas, P. Farthouat, J.M. de Seixas, G. Schuler, P. Gallno, P. Amaral, Thilo Pauly, Thorsten Wengler, R.T. Teixeira, R. Spiwoks, Tadashi Maeno, and H.P. Lima

Subjects
Physics, Multi-core processor, Large Hadron Collider, Calorimeter (particle physics), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Firmware, business.industry, Detector, Electrical engineering, computer.software_genre, Data acquisition, Bunches, Nuclear electronics, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, business, computer
Abstract

ATLAS is a detector at CERN's Large Hadron Collider where bunches of protons in counter-rotating beams will cross every 25 ns producing, on average, about 25 collisions for a total interaction rate of 1 GHz. A three-level trigger system selects bunch crossings potentially containing interesting processes. The level-1 trigger, implemented in electronics and firmware, makes an initial selection in under 2.5 /spl mu/s with an output rate of less than 100 kHz. A key element of this is the core module of the central trigger processor which combines trigger information from the calorimeter and muon trigger processors to make the final level-1 accept decision in under 75 ns. The event-selection algorithm used by the core module is based on lists of selection criteria (trigger menu) and is implemented in fully programmable look-up tables and content-addressable memories. In addition to the event selection, the core module generates dead-time in order to limit the frequency of level-1 accepts to a rate that the sub-detector front-end electronics can support. The core module further provides trigger-summary information to the level-2 trigger and to the data acquisition system. The design of the core module is presented, and results from recent laboratory tests and from tests with the calorimeter and muon trigger processors connected to detectors in a particle beam are shown.

Published
2004

12. A high speed, fibre optic, link for Digital Equipment Corporation VAXes

Author

Paulo Moreira, R.A. McLaren, T. Almeida, J. Castro, K. Hollingworth, Pedro S. Gomes, C. Astor, and P. Gallno

Subjects
VAX, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Optical fiber, Computer science, Optical link, ODI, law.invention, law, Link, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, VME, User interface specification, Large Hadron Collider, Multi-mode optical fiber, business.industry, Optical Link, Electrical engineering, Host interface, Link (geometry), Computing and Computers, FASTBUS, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Optical fibre, business, Computer hardware, VMEbus
Abstract

The authors describe an optical fiber link that is used in conjunction with the CERN host interface family to connect high-performance VAXes to VMEbus or FASTBUS over distances up to 1000 m. The modular construction allows other permutations, including VAX/VAX, FASTBUS/FASTBUS, VMEbus/VMEbus, or FASTBUS/VMEbus connections, over similar distances. The link comprises two identical optical data interconnects (ODI) connected by two unidirectional multimode fibers. The ODI at each end of the link can be connected to any device conforming to the DRB32 user interface specification. The authors discuss the operation of an ODI, the testing of the optical link, and present and future ODI implementations. >

Published
1989
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14. A high speed, fibre optic, link for Digital Equipment Corporation VAXes

Author

McLaren, R.A., Gallno, P., Hollingworth, K., Almeida, T., Astor, C., Gomes, P., Castro, J., and Moreira, P.

Abstract

The authors describe an optical fiber link that is used in conjunction with the CERN host interface family to connect high-performance VAXes to VMEbus or FASTBUS over distances up to 1000 m. The modular construction allows other permutations, including VAX/VAX, FASTBUS/FASTBUS, VMEbus/VMEbus, or FASTBUS/VMEbus connections, over similar distances. The link comprises two identical optical data interconnects (ODI) connected by two unidirectional multimode fibers. The ODI at each end of the link can be connected to any device conforming to the DRB32 user interface specification. The authors discuss the operation of an ODI, the testing of the optical link, and present and future ODI implementations.<>

Published
1989
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