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1. The age-related eye disease study (AREDS) system for classifying cataracts from photographs: AREDS report no. 4∗∗Members of the Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group are listed at the end of the article

Author

Don Doherty, I. Kivitz, V. Regan, R. Swords, C. Ma, R. G. Chenoweth, P. Lopez, David H. Orth, Aaron Kassoff, P. F. Ciatto, P. Streasick, A. Randall, Mary Zajechowski, S. Kieval, Tarek S Hassan, D. Armiger, Thomas R. Friberg, D. A. Bryant, Karl G. Csaky, Andrew W. Eller, John DuBois, S. A. McCarthy, C. Beardsley, P. Manatrey, Raymond R. Margherio, C. Callahan, F. McIver, Claudia Evans, Linda Curtis, S. Sandoval, Johanna M. Seddon, A. La-Reau, John Zilis, B. Lewis, J. C. Werner, B. Stribling, Roula Nashwinter, V. D. Crouse, J. Buehler, Donald Martin, A Jr Capone, G. Smith, G. Babilonia-Ayukawa, David I. Walsh, Y. J. Kim, E. Kuehl, Frederick L. Ferris, Kirk H. Packo, M. Haughey, Andrew P. Schachat, James Gilman, Richard F. Dreyer, Shannon Howard, B. Mack, M. S. Cox, George A. Williams, S. deBustros, N. Davis, R. Falk, Stuart G Parker, Daniel F. Martin, M. K. Paine, C. MacLeod, C. Bridges, L. M. Ayres, D. A. Jones-Devonish, L. Goodman, B. Myles, E. Y. Chew, Pauline T. Merrill, Chris Morrison, K. Cumming, Michael L. Klein, N. J. Rosenberg, I. Burton, D. Saperstein, F. Kaufman, P Jr Sternberg, Joseph E. Robertson, K. Hall Dabas, C. Stanley, Richard Mercer, Bruce R. Garretson, H. Crider, Dessie Koutsandreas, J. Civantos, M. Mehu, David J. Wilson, Judith Alexander, Alan J. Ruby, Michael B. Gorin, T. P. Flood, M. K. Pinnolis, L. Szydlowski, Michael T. Trese, J. Kassoff, K. K. Snow, M. Eglow, and P. Patel

Subjects
Ophthalmology, medicine.medical_specialty, Cataracts, business.industry, medicine, Age-Related Eye Disease Study, medicine.disease, business
Published
2001
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2. The Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS)

Author

C. Ma, B. Stribling, D. Koutsandreas, R. Swords, T. LaRean, L. Curtis, S. Wheeler, M. Chicca, C. Sackett, S. Kieval, S. Schenning, J. Buehler, M. J. Elman, M. Goldberg, D. A. Bryant, M. Mehu, Michael B. Gorin, H. Crider, D. A. Jones-Devonish, David H. Orth, R. F. Dreyer, J. S. Sunness, P. F. Ciatto, P. Streasick, J. C. Werner, L. Szydlowski, S. H. Sherman, A. Ruby, A. S. Lindblad, J. Dubois, I. Kivitz, C. Callahan, L. Ratner, J. Alexander, Thomas R. Friberg, J. A. Haller, R. Ballinger, Dan Martin, James Gilman, T. P. Flood, J. Civantos, M. K. Pinnolis, Dennis Cain, C. Evans, K. Csaky, N. Davis, F. Kaufman, A. Betancourt, C. Morrison, S. B. Bressler, D. Emmert, M. S. Cox, G. Cassel, M. Eglow, T. Hassan, K. K. Snow, R. Falk, Ja Kim Young Ja Kim, D. Walsh, T. M. Aaberg, L. Goodman, D. Saperstein, Andrew Schachat, David B. Glasser, K. Cumming, J. Lammlein, P. Manatrey, A. Randall, A. Kassoff, J. M. Seddon, R. Mercer, B. Myles, B. Mack, C. MacLeod, D. Doherty, I. Burton, P. Lopez, S. Sandoval, P Jr Sternberg, V. D. Crouse, George A. Williams, Frederick L. Ferris, E. Y. Chew, V. Regan, Andrew W. Eller, S. A. McCarthy, Kirk H. Packo, A Jr Capone, S. deBustros, K. H. Dabas, L. M. Ayres, M. Zajechowski, T. George, Michael T. Trese, B. Garretson, E. Kuehl, R. R. Margherio, Neil M. Bressler, and C. Beardsley

Subjects
Pharmacology, medicine.medical_specialty, genetic structures, business.industry, Eye disease, Psychological intervention, Age-Related Eye Disease Study, Macular degeneration, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Clinical trial, Natural history, Ophthalmology, Medicine, business, Prospective cohort study, Intensive care medicine, Natural history study
Abstract

The Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) was initially conceived as a long-term multicenter, prospective study of the clinical course of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and age-related cataract. Data on progression rates and risk factors from the study will increase understanding of the clinical course of both conditions, generate hypotheses about etiology, and aid in the design of clinical trials of potential interventions. In addition to collecting natural history data, AREDS includes a clinical trial of high-dose vitamin and mineral supplements for AMD and a clinical trial of high-dose vitamin supplements for cataract. The clinical trials were initiated largely because of the widespread public use in the United States of commercially available pharmacologic doses of vitamins and minerals to treat these two eye conditions and the absence of definitive studies on the safety and efficacy of their use. Important design issues for the clinical trials include: defining cataract and AMD, estimating event rates, determining the type and dosage of vitamins and minerals to be tested for each condition, and identifying the parameters necessary for monitoring safety and efficacy. This paper describes the AREDS design, including the study rationale and operational structure, and the approach adopted to combine, for two diseases, clinical trials with a natural history study. Control Clin Trials 1999;20:573–600

Published
1999
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