2,892 results on '"P. Dupree"'
Search Results
2. Radial Velocity and Astrometric Evidence for a Close Companion to Betelgeuse
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MacLeod, Morgan, Blunt, Sarah, De Rosa, Robert J., Dupree, Andrea K., Granzer, Thomas, Harper, Graham M., Huang, Caroline D., Leiner, Emily M., Loeb, Abraham, Nielsen, Eric L., Strassmeier, Klaus G., Wang, Jason J., and Weber, Michael
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Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
We examine a century of radial velocity, visual magnitude, and astrometric observations of the nearest red supergiant, Betelgeuse, in order to reexamine the century-old assertion that Betelgeuse might be a spectroscopic binary. These data reveal Betelgeuse varying stochastically over years and decades due to its boiling, convective envelope, periodically with a $ 5.78$~yr long secondary period, and quasi-periodically from pulsations with periods of several hundred days. We show that the long secondary period is consistent between astrometric and RV datasets, and argue that it indicates a low-mass companion to Betelgeuse, less than a solar mass, orbiting in a 2,110 day period at a separation of just over twice Betelgeuse's radius. The companion star would be nearly twenty times less massive and a million times fainter than Betelgeuse, with similar effective temperature, effectively hiding it in plain sight near one of the best-studied stars in the night sky. The astrometric data favor an edge-on binary with orbital plane aligned with Betelgeuse's measured spin axis. Tidal spin-orbit interaction drains angular momentum from the orbit and spins up Betelgeuse, explaining the spin--orbit alignment and Betelgeuse's anomalously rapid spin. In the future, the orbit will decay until the companion is swallowed by Betelgeuse in the next 10,000 years., Comment: Submitted to AAS Journals, comments welcome
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- 2024
3. Students Helping Students: Implementation of Elementary Math Facts Fluency Interventions by High Schoolers
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Steven L. Powell, Kortney Rist, Brit'ny Stein, Elizabeth Banks, Sierra Villanueva, Bian Alwadi, Kaylee Dupree, Andrea Frau-Canabal, and Manali Patel
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Many schools face barriers that hinder access to services, including limited funding and staff trained in evidence-based interventions. In particular, rural schools must provide targeted intervention to promote academic growth and narrow achievement gaps despite these barriers. One seldom-considered solution to ease the resource costs in the provision of intervention services is to provide high school students with the training and supervision necessary to carry them out. Thirty elementary students participated in an explicit timing intervention administered by either a high school student or graduate student in school psychology. A 2 × 2 mixed factorial ANOVA found significant growth from pre- to post-test with no effects of interventionist education level. These findings imply that school-based interventionists may be able to expand the reach of their practice by recruiting and training older students to carry out interventions.
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- 2024
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4. Rotation and H$\alpha$ emission in a young SMC cluster: a spectroscopic view of NGC 330
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Cristofari, Paul I., Dupree, Andrea K., Milone, Antonino P., Walker, Matthew G., Mateo, Mario, Dotter, Aaron, and Bailey III, John I.
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Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
We present an analysis of high-resolution optical spectra recorded for 30 stars of the split extended main-sequence turnoff (eMSTO) of the young ($\sim$ 40 Myr) Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) globular cluster NGC 330. Spectra were obtained with the M2FS and MIKE spectrographs located on the Magellan-Clay 6.5m telescope. These spectra revealed the presence of Be stars, occupying primarily the cool side of the split main sequence (MS). Rotational velocity ($v\sin{i}$) measurements for most of the targets are consistent with the presence of two populations of stars in the cluster: one made up of rapidly rotating Be stars ($
\approx 200$ $\rm km\,s^{-1}$), and {the other} consisting of warmer stars with slower rotation ($<\!v\sin{i}\!>\approx50$ $\rm km\,s^{-1}$). Core emission in the H$\delta$ photospheric lines was observed for most of the H$\alpha$ emitters. The shell parameter computed for the targets in our sample indicate that most of the observed stars should have inclinations below 75$^{\circ}$. These results confirm the detection of Be stars obtained through photometry, but also reveal the presence of narrow H$\alpha$ and H$\delta$ features for some targets that cannot be detected with low-resolution spectroscopy or photometry. Asymmetry variability of H$\alpha$ line profiles on the timescales of a few years is also observed, and could provide information on the geometry of the decretion disks. Observations revealed the presence of nebular H$\alpha$ emission, strong enough in faint targets to compromise the extraction of spectra and to impact narrow band photometry used to assess the presence of H$\alpha$ emission., Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal - Published
- 2024
5. Health Equity and Perinatal Mental Health
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Miller, Michelle L., Dupree, Jessica, Monette, Mahogany A., Lau, Elizabeth K., and Peipert, Allison
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- 2024
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6. Students Helping Students: Implementation of Elementary Math Facts Fluency Interventions by High Schoolers
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Powell, Steven L., Rist, Kortney, Stein, Brit’ny, Banks, Elizabeth, Villanueva, Sierra, Alwadi, Bian, Dupree, Kaylee, Frau-Canabal, Andrea, and Patel, Manali
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- 2024
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7. Short Term Changes in Vasectomy Consults and Procedures Following Dobbs vs. Jackson Women's Health Organization.
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Zhu, Alex, Nam, Catherine S, Gingrich, Devon, Patel, Nik, Black, Kristian, Andino, Juan J, Daignault-Newton, Stephanie, Telang, Jaya, Dupree, James M, Quallich, Susanne, Ohl, Dana, and Hadj-Moussa, Miriam
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Contraception/Reproduction ,Good Health and Well Being ,abortion ,vasectomy ,Clinical sciences ,Public health - Abstract
IntroductionOn June 24, 2022, the U.S. Supreme Court issued their decision on Dobbs vs Jackson Women's Health Organization (Dobbs). This decision had major implications on female reproductive choices, but also had potential implications on their male counterparts. We sought to determine the association of Dobbs with the number and characteristics of men seeking vasectomy.MethodsA retrospective review was performed to determine the number of vasectomy consults and procedures completed at a single Michigan health system in the 6 months following Dobbs (6/24/2022 - 12/24/2022) versus the same 6-month time frame between 2019 to 2021. Another retrospective review was conducted in the 3 months following Dobbs (6/24/2022 - 9/24/2022) versus the same days in 2021 to determine the number of vasectomy consults completed and to evaluate for differences in the characteristics of these men.ResultsIn the 6 months after Dobbs, there was a 150% and 160% increase in vasectomy consults and procedures completed, compared to a similar time frame in 2019 to 2021. In the 3 months after Dobbs, there was a 225% increase in new vasectomy consults compared to a similar time frame in 2021. There were no differences in the age, race, religion, median household income or insurance type of men seeking vasectomy consult pre-versus post-Dobbs. Partnerless men (OR 3.66) and those without children (OR 2.85) were more likely than married men and those with 3 or more children, respectively, to seek vasectomy consult post-Dobbs.ConclusionsDobbs was associated with a marked increase in vasectomy consultations and procedures at our institution in the state of Michigan. Future studies are needed to determine the long-term implications of Dobbs on vasectomy practices, and determine if vasectomy practices differ by states and their respective abortion laws.
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- 2024
8. The Great Dimming of Betelgeuse: the photosphere as revealed by tomography over the past 15 years
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Jadlovský, Daniel, Granzer, Thomas, Weber, Michael, Kravchenko, Kateryna, Krtička, Jiří, Dupree, Andrea K., Chiavassa, Andrea, Strassmeier, Klaus G., and Poppenhäger, Katja
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Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
Betelgeuse, a red supergiant star of semi-regular variability, reached a historical minimum brightness in February 2020, known as the Great Dimming. Even though the brightness has returned to the values prior to the Great Dimming now, it continues to exhibit highly unusual behavior. Our goal is to study long-term dynamics of the photosphere, including during the Great Dimming. We applied the tomographic method, which allows different layers in the stellar atmosphere to be probed in order to reconstruct depth-dependent velocity fields. The method is based on the construction of spectral masks by grouping spectral lines from specific optical depths. These masks are cross-correlated with the observed spectra to recover the velocity field inside each atmospheric layer. We obtained about 2800 spectra over the past 15 years that were observed with the STELLA robotic telescope in Tenerife. We analyzed the variability of five different layers of Betelgeuse's photosphere. We found phase shift between the layers, as well as between the variability of velocity and photometry. The time variations of the widths of the cross-correlation function reveal propagation of two shockwaves during the Great Dimming. For about two years after the dimming, the timescale of variability was different between the inner and outer photospheric layers. By 2022, all the layers were pulsating with higher frequency corresponding with the first overtone. The combination of the extensive high-resolution spectroscopic data set with the tomographic method revealed the variable velocity fields in the photosphere of Betelgeuse, for the first time in such detail. Our results demonstrate that powerful shocks are the triggering mechanism for episodic mass-loss events, which may be the missing component to explain the mass-loss process in red supergiants., Comment: 14 pages, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
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- 2023
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9. Structural and electronic determinants of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase reactivity on polysaccharide substrates
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T. J. Simmons, K. E. H. Frandsen, L. Ciano, T. Tryfona, N. Lenfant, J. C. Poulsen, L. F. L. Wilson, T. Tandrup, M. Tovborg, K. Schnorr, K. S. Johansen, B. Henrissat, P. H. Walton, L Lo Leggio, and P. Dupree
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Science - Abstract
Copper-dependent lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) oxidatively cleave polysaccharides. Here the authors present a structure-function characterization of fungal LPMOs, showing that a particular LPMO cleaves xylan using a mechanism that involves an alternative copper coordination geometry.
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- 2017
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10. How plant and insect host characteristics affect pepper weevil Anthonomus eugenii parasitism efficacy by the pteromalid Jaliscoa hunteri
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Leo, Serena, Labbé, Roselyne, and Scott-Dupree, Cynthia
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- 2024
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11. Twenty-Five Years of Accretion onto the Classical T Tauri Star TW Hya
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Herczeg, Gregory J., Chen, Yuguang, Donati, Jean-Francois, Dupree, Andrea K., Walter, Frederick M., Hillenbrand, Lynne A., Johns-Krull, Christopher M., Manara, Carlo F., Guenther, Hans Moritz, Fang, Min, Schneider, P. Christian, Valenti, Jeff A., Alencar, Silvia H. P., Venuti, Laura, Alcala, Juan Manuel, Frasca, Antonio, Arulanantham, Nicole, Linsky, Jeffrey L., Bouvier, Jerome, Brickhouse, Nancy S., Calvet, Nuria, Espaillat, Catherine C., Campbell-White, Justyn, Carpenter, John M., Chang, Seok-Jun, Cruz, Kelle L., Dahm, S. E., Eisloeffel, Jochen, Edwards, Suzan, Fischer, William J., Guo, Zhen, Henning, Thomas, Ji, Tao, Jose, Jesse, Kastner, Joel H., Launhardt, Ralf, Principe, David A., Robinson, Conner E., Serna, Javier, Siwak, Michal, Sterzik, Michael F., and Takasao, Shinsuke
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Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
Accretion plays a central role in the physics that governs the evolution and dispersal of protoplanetary disks. The primary goal of this paper is to analyze the stability over time of the mass accretion rate onto TW Hya, the nearest accreting solar-mass young star. We measure veiling across the optical spectrum in 1169 archival high-resolution spectra of TW Hya, obtained from 1998--2022. The veiling is then converted to accretion rate using 26 flux-calibrated spectra that cover the Balmer jump. The accretion rate measured from the excess continuum has an average of $2.51\times10^{-9}$~M$_\odot$~yr$^{-1}$ and a Gaussian distribution with a FWHM of 0.22 dex. This accretion rate may be underestimated by a factor of up to 1.5 because of uncertainty in the bolometric correction and another factor of 1.7 because of excluding the fraction of accretion energy that escapes in lines, especially Ly$\alpha$. The accretion luminosities are well correlated with He line luminosities but poorly correlated with H$\alpha$ and H$\beta$ luminosity. The accretion rate is always flickering over hours but on longer timescales has been stable over 25 years. This level of variability is consistent with previous measurements for most, but not all, accreting young stars., Comment: Accepted by ApJ. 31 pages
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- 2023
12. Mathematics Teacher Preparation Reimagined: The Exploration of Preservice Teachers Planning Culturally Responsive Mathematics Lessons Using Culturally Relevant Mathematics Tasks
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Lakesia L. Dupree
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Equipping teachers with the knowledge, skills, and dispositions deemed necessary to work with students from diverse populations is a documented need that plagues teacher education. Furthermore, the influx of students from diverse backgrounds enrolled in United States schools intensifies the need to prepare the future generation of teachers to be equipped to provide learning opportunities for each and every student in their classroom. This paper highlights the importance of culture and the integral place it holds when supporting current and future teachers with planning and subsequently enacting culturally responsive mathematics and culturally relevant mathematics tasks in their middle grades mathematics methods course. It will highlight their perceptions of culture and their preparedness to use culturally responsive mathematics and culturally relevant mathematics tasks in their teaching. Furthermore, this study will highlight the challenges and constraints that students in the class encounter when engaged in this work. The findings of this study will add to the research on preparing teachers to use culture in their practice to provide opportunities to learn mathematics for students from diverse backgrounds. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]
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- 2024
13. Left Ringing: Betelgeuse Illuminates the Connection Between Convective outbursts, Mode switching, and Mass Ejection in Red Supergiants
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MacLeod, Morgan, Antoni, Andrea, Huang, Caroline D., Dupree, Andrea, and Loeb, Abraham
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Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
Betelgeuse, the nearest red supergiant, dimmed to an unprecedented level in early 2020. The star emerged from this Great Dimming episode with its typical, roughly 400-day pulsation cycle halved, and a new dominant period of around 200 days. The dimming event has been attributed to a surface mass ejection, in which rising material drove shocks through the stellar atmosphere and expelled some material, partially obscuring the star as it formed molecules and dust. In this paper, we use hydrodynamic simulations to reveal the connections between Betelgeuse's vigorously convective envelope, the surface mass ejection, and the pulsation mode switching that ensued. An anomalously hot convective plume, generated rarely but naturally in the star's turbulent envelope, can rise and break free from the surface, powering an upwelling that becomes the surface mass ejection. The rising plume also breaks the phase coherence of the star's pulsation, causing the surface to keep expanding even as the deeper layers contract. This drives a switch from the 400-day fundamental mode of pulsation, in which the whole star expands and contracts synchronously, to the 200-day first overtone, where a radial node separates the interior and exterior of the envelope moving in opposite phase. We predict that the star's convective motions will damp the overtone oscillation and Betelgeuse will return to its previous, 400-day fundamental mode pulsation in the next 5-10 years. With its resolved surface and unprecedentedly detailed characterization, Betelgeuse opens a window to episodic surface mass ejection in the late-stage evolution of massive stars., Comment: Submitted to AAS Journals, we welcome comments!
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- 2023
14. Objectivity interrogation of racial scholarship in psychology and management
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Torrez, Brittany, Dupree, Cydney H., and Kraus, Michael W.
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- 2024
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15. Reducing rates of chronic breast cancer–related lymphedema with screening and early intervention: an update of recent data
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Whitworth, Pat, Vicini, Frank, Valente, Stephanie A., Brownson, Kirstyn, DuPree, Beth, Kohli, Manpreet, Lawson, Laura, and Shah, Chirag
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- 2024
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16. The dusty circumstellar environment of Betelgeuse during the Great Dimming as seen by VLTI/MATISSE
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Cannon, E., Montargès, M., de Koter, A., Matter, A., Sanchez-Bermudez, J., Norris, R., Paladini, C., Decin, L., Sana, H., Sundqvist, J. O., Lagadec, E., Kervella, P., Chiavassa, A., Dupree, A. K., Perrin, G., Scicluna, P., Stee, P., Kraus, S., Danchi, W., Lopez, B., Millour, F., Drevon, J., Cruzalèbes, P., Berio, P., Robbe-Dubois, S., and Rosales-Guzman, A.
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Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
The 'Great Dimming' of the prototypical red supergiant Betelgeuse, which occurred between December 2019 and April 2020, gives us unprecedented insight into the processes occurring on the stellar surface and in the inner wind of this type of star. In particular it may bring further understanding of their dust nucleation and mass loss processes. Here, we present and analyse VLTI/MATISSE observations in the N-band (8 - 13 $\mu$m) taken near the brightness minimum in order to assess the status of the dusty circumstellar environment. We explore the compatibility of a dust clump obscuring the star with our mid-infrared interferometric observations using continuum 3D radiative transfer modelling, and probe the effect of adding multiple clumps close to the star on the observables. We also test the viability of a large cool spot on the stellar surface without dust present in the ambient medium. Using the visibility data, we derive a uniform disk diameter of 59.02 $\pm$ 0.64 mas in the spectral range 8 to 8.75 $\mu$m. We find that both the dust clump and the cool spot models are compatible with the data. Further to this, we note that the extinction and emission of our localised dust clump in the line of sight of the star, directly compensate each other making the clump undetectable in the spectral energy distribution and visibilities. The lack of infrared brightening during the 'Great Dimming' therefore does not exclude extinction due to a dust clump as one of the possible mechanisms. The visibilities can be reproduced by a spherical wind with dust condensing at 13 stellar radii and a dust mass-loss rate of (2.1 - 4.9) $\times$ 10$^{-10}$ $\mathit{M}_{\odot} {\rm yr}^{-1}$, however, in order to reproduce the complexity of the observed closure phases, additional surface features or dust clumps would be needed., Comment: 13 Pages, accepted for publication in A&A
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- 2023
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17. Objectivity interrogation of racial scholarship in psychology and management
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Brittany Torrez, Cydney H. Dupree, and Michael W. Kraus
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Racism ,Objectivity ,Academia ,Self-presentation ,Psychology ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Scholars of color remain underrepresented in US institutions in academia. In this paper, we will examine one factor that contributes to their continued marginalization in psychology and management: the scientific method’s commitment to traditional notions of objectivity. We argue that objectivity—defined as practices and policies rooted in the heightened value placed on a research process that is ostensibly free from bias—is central to the prominence of primarily White scholarship in psychology and management research and remains central to knowledge production. To investigate this, we employ a mixed-methods approach, integrating qualitative and quantitative data to codify how scholars of color experience objectivity interrogations, or written and verbal questioning in academic contexts that implicates their scientific rigor. We also identify how scholars of color engage in objectivity armoring, or self-presentational strategies (toning down and stepping up) to contend with these interrogations. Finally, we reveal these toning down processes in language use within publications on racial scholarship. Overall, these studies reveal the unique challenges scholars of color face to legitimize and validate their work on race and racism within predominantly White institutions and disciplines.
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- 2024
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18. Diurnal patterns of salivary cytokines differentially correlate with greater fluctuations in cortisol and diet composition: A pilot study
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Catherine J. Andersen, Brian G. Walker, Thomas J. Karanian, Allison Sloan, Courtney Campbell, Lydia Dupree, and Rachael Woodruff
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Salivary cortisol ,Cortisol fluctuations ,Lifestyle factors ,Dietary patterns ,Salivary cytokines ,Metabolic profiles ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
Chronic stress and elevated cortisol are associated with adverse metabolic profiles and lifestyle patterns, systemic low-grade inflammation, and increased chronic disease risk; however, it is less clear how the degree of cortisol fluctuations impacts these parameters. Adult men and women (18-70y) were recruited to participate in a 5-day observational study, in which they underwent a baseline health and body composition assessment, completed 5-day diet, exercise, and stress records, and provided saliva samples in the morning, afternoon, and evening to measure fluctuations in cortisol, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6. Degree of cortisol variability over the 5-day period (highest cortisol measure - lowest cortisol measure) was used to classify subjects into high (n = 9) and low (n = 9) cortisol fluctuation groups. Participants with greater fluctuations in salivary cortisol had higher salivary cortisol concentrations on average, which was attributed to higher maximal and morning cortisol. A greater proportion of individuals with higher cortisol flux worked in first responder/emergency professions, and exhibited minimal dietary pattern differences compared to those with low cortisol flux. While body fat percentage and mass positively correlated with minimum salivary cortisol measures, body composition and blood pressure did not differ between low vs. high salivary cortisol flux groups. Interestingly, we observed diurnal patterns of salivary IL-1β concentrations, with higher IL-1β in the morning, and greater afternoon IL-1β in the high cortisol flux group compared to the low cortisol flux group. Independent of cortisol flux, waking satiety and intake patterns of dietary nutrients and food groups/type differentially correlated with salivary cytokine concentrations in a time of day-dependent manner. Our findings suggest that greater fluctuations in cortisol are associated with distinct diurnal salivary cortisol and IL-1β concentrations but minimal lifestyle and dietary factors, whereas dietary patterns are strongly and differentially associated with salivary cytokine profiles.
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- 2024
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19. The Active Chromospheres of Lithium-Rich Red Giant Stars
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Sneden, Christopher, Afsar, Melike, Bozkurt, Zeynep, Adamow, Monika, Mallick, Anohita, Reddy, Bacham E., Janowiecki, Steven, Mahadevan, Suvrath, Bowler, Brendan P., Hawkins, Keith, Lind, Karin, Dupree, Andrea K., Ninan, Joe P., Nagarajan, Neel, Topcu, Gamze Bocek, Froning, Cynthia S., Bender, Chad F., Terrien, Ryan, Ramsey, Lawrence W., and Mace, Gregory N.
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Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
We have gathered near-infrared $zyJ$-band high resolution spectra of nearly 300 field red giant stars with known lithium abundances in order to survey their \species{He}{i} $\lambda$10830 absorption strengths. This transition is an indicator of chromospheric activity and/or mass loss in red giants. The majority of stars in our sample reside in the red clump or red horizontal branch based on their $V-J,M_V$ color-magnitude diagram and their Gaia \teff, \logg\ values. Most of our target stars are Li-poor in the sense of having normally low Li abundances, defined here as \eps{Li}~$<$~1.25. Over 90\% of these Li-poor stars have weak $\lambda$10830 features. But more than half of the 83 Li-rich stars (\eps{Li}~$>$~1.25) have strong $\lambda$10830 absorptions. These large $\lambda$10830 lines signal excess chromospheric activity in Li-rich stars; there is almost no indication of significant mass loss. The Li-rich giants also may have a higher binary fraction than do Li-poor stars, based on their astrometric data. It appears likely that both residence on the horizontal branch and present or past binary interaction play roles in the significant Li-He connection established in this survey., Comment: Astrophysical Journal, in press
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- 2022
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20. The Great Dimming of Betelgeuse: a Surface Mass Ejection (SME) and its Consequences
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Dupree, Andrea K., Strassmeier, Klaus G., Calderwood, Thomas, Granzer, Thomas, Weber, Michael, Kravchenko, Kateryna, Matthews, Lynn D., Montarges, Miguel, Tappin, James, and Thompson, William T.
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Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
The bright supergiant, Betelgeuse (Alpha Orionis, HD 39801), underwent a historic optical dimming during 2020 January 27 $-$ February 13. Many imaging and spectroscopic observations across the electromagnetic spectrum were obtained prior to, during, and subsequent to this dimming event. These observations of Betelgeuse reveal that a substantial surface mass ejection (SME) occurred and moved out through the extended atmosphere of the supergiant. A photospheric shock occurred in 2019 January - March, progressed through the extended atmosphere of the star during the following 11 months and led to dust production in the atmosphere. Resulting from the substantial mass outflow, the stellar photosphere was left with lower temperatures and the chromosphere with a lower density. The mass ejected could represent a significant fraction of the total annual mass loss rate from the star suggesting that episodic mass loss events can contribute an amount comparable to that of the stellar wind. Following the SME, Betelgeuse was left with a cooler average photosphere, an unusual short photometric oscillation, reduced velocity excursions, and the disappearance of the $\sim$400-day pulsation in the optical and radial velocity for more than two years following the Great Dimming., Comment: The Astrophysical Journal, 2022, to be published Aug 4, 2022
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- 2022
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21. Ectopic callose deposition into woody biomass modulates the nano-architecture of macrofibrils
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Bourdon, Matthieu, Lyczakowski, Jan J., Cresswell, Rosalie, Amsbury, Sam, Vilaplana, Francisco, Le Guen, Marie-Joo, Follain, Nadège, Wightman, Raymond, Su, Chang, Alatorre-Cobos, Fulgencio, Ritter, Maximilian, Liszka, Aleksandra, Terrett, Oliver M., Yadav, Shri Ram, Vatén, Anne, Nieminen, Kaisa, Eswaran, Gugan, Alonso-Serra, Juan, Müller, Karin H., Iuga, Dinu, Miskolczi, Pal Csaba, Kalmbach, Lothar, Otero, Sofia, Mähönen, Ari Pekka, Bhalerao, Rishikesh, Bulone, Vincent, Mansfield, Shawn D., Hill, Stefan, Burgert, Ingo, Beaugrand, Johnny, Benitez-Alfonso, Yoselin, Dupree, Ray, Dupree, Paul, and Helariutta, Ykä
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- 2023
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22. Collaborative efforts to improve genetic testing in the neonatal intensive care unit
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Schuler, Bryce A., Mosera, Mackenzie, Hatch, L. Dupree, Grochowsky, Angela, and Wheeler, Ferrin
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- 2023
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23. Patterns in interactions of variably acetylated xylans with hydrophobic cellulose surfaces
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Gupta, Madhulika, Dupree, Paul, Petridis, Loukas, and Smith, Jeremy C.
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- 2023
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24. Spatially Resolved Observations of Betelgeuse at 7mm and 1.3cm Just Prior to the Great Dimming
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Matthews, L. D. and Dupree, A. K.
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Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
We present spatially resolved observations of Betelgeuse (Alpha Orionis) obtained with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) at wavelengths of ~7mm (44~GHz) and ~1.3cm (22~GHz) on 2019 August 2, just prior to the onset of the historical optical dimming that occurred between late 2019 and early 2020. Our measurements suggest recent changes in the temperature and density structure of the atmosphere between radii r~2-3R*. At 7mm the star is ~20% dimmer than in previously published observing epochs between 1996--2004. We measure a mean gas temperature of T_B = 2270 +\- 260 K at r~2.1R*, where R* is the canonical photospheric radius. This is ~2 sigma lower than previously reported temperatures at comparable radii and >1200K lower than predicted by previous semi-empirical models of the atmosphere. The measured brightness temperature at r~2.6R* (T_B = 2580 +\- 260 K) is also cooler than expected based on trends in past measurements. The stellar brightness profile in our current measurements appears relatively smooth and symmetric, with no obvious signatures of giant convective cells or other surface features. However, the azimuthally averaged brightness profile is found to be more complex than a uniform elliptical disk. Our observations were obtained approximately six weeks before spectroscopic measurements in the ultraviolet revealed evidence of increases in the chromospheric electron density in the southern hemisphere of Betelgeuse, coupled with a large-scale outflow. We discuss possible scenarios linking these events with the observed radio properties of the star, including the passage of a strong shock wave., Comment: 11 pages. Accepted to ApJ
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- 2022
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25. Racial equity in social psychological science: A guide for scholars, institutions, and the field
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Torrez, Brittany, Hudson, Sa‐kiera Tiarra Jolynn, and Dupree, Cydney H
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Reduced Inequalities ,academia ,inequality ,meta-science ,objectivity ,race and ethnicity ,stereotypes ,Psychology ,Cognitive Sciences - Abstract
How can social psychologists ensure their scholarship does not maintain racial inequality—or better, is anti-racist? This article serves as a reference for scholars by briefly reviewing the state of racial inequality in psychological science before providing concise yet comprehensive recommendations. Challenges include (a) the field's historic role in inequality-maintenance (especially by reinforcing harmful stereotypes), (b) pervasive objectivity norms that reify Whiteness as the status quo, and (c) the inequitable allocation of resources to White scholars and White-centered scholarship. Recommendations center on (a) methodological practices during the research process (from idea generation to manuscript preparation), (b) empirical transparency from scholars during the publication process, and (c) institutional, resource-focused support from gatekeepers (e.g., editors, senior faculty) to incentivize the diversification of our science.
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- 2023
26. What Is a Normal Testosterone Level for Young Men? Rethinking the 300 ng/dL Cutoff for Testosterone Deficiency in Men 20-44 Years Old
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Zhu, Alex, Andino, Juan, Daignault-Newton, Stephanie, Chopra, Zoey, Sarma, Aruna, and Dupree, James M
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Aging ,Humans ,Male ,United States ,Aged ,Young Adult ,Adult ,Hypogonadism ,Testicular Neoplasms ,Testosterone ,Nutrition Surveys ,Reference Values ,testosterone ,hypogonadism - Abstract
PurposeThere is an age-related decline in male testosterone production. It is therefore surprising that young men are evaluated for testosterone deficiency with the same cutoff of 300 ng/dL that was developed from samples of older men. Our aim is to describe normative total testosterone levels and age-specific cutoffs for low testosterone levels in men 20 to 44 years old.Materials and methodsWe analyzed the 2011-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, which survey nationally representative samples of United States residents. Men 20 to 44 years old with testosterone levels were included. Men on hormonal medications, with a history of testicular cancer or orchiectomy, and with afternoon/evening laboratory values were excluded. We separated men into 5-year intervals and evaluated the testosterone levels of each age group, and for all men 20 to 44 years old. We used the American Urological Association definition of a "normal testosterone level" (the "middle tertile") to calculate age-specific cutoffs for low testosterone levels.ResultsOur final analytic cohort contained 1,486 men. Age-specific middle tertile levels were 409-558 ng/dL (20-24 years old), 413-575 ng/dL (25-29 years old), 359-498 ng/dL (30-34 years old), 352-478 ng/dL (35-39 years old), and 350-473 ng/dL (40-44 years old). Age-specific cutoffs for low testosterone levels were 409, 413, 359, 352, and 350 ng/dL, respectively.ConclusionsDiagnosis of testosterone deficiency has traditionally been performed in an age-indiscriminate manner. However, young men have different testosterone reference ranges than older men. Accordingly, age-specific normative values and cutoffs should be integrated into the evaluation of young men presenting with testosterone deficiency.
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- 2022
27. Top five unanswered questions in plant cell surface research
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Wout Boerjan, Vincent Burlat, Daniel J. Cosgrove, Christophe Dunand, Paul Dupree, Kalina T. Haas, Gwyneth Ingram, Elisabeth Jamet, Debra Mohnen, Steven Moussu, Alexis Peaucelle, Staffan Persson, Cătălin Voiniciuc, and Herman Höfte
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Cell expansion ,Cell wall architecture ,Immunity ,Plant cell wall ,Polymer structure-function ,Polymer synthesis ,Cytology ,QH573-671 - Abstract
Plant cell wall researchers were asked their view on what the major unanswered questions are in their field. This article summarises the feedback that was received from them in five questions. In this issue you can find equivalent syntheses for researchers working on bacterial, unicellular parasite and fungal systems.
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- 2024
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28. Liver X receptor activation in chronic myelogenous leukemia cells yields distinct mass fingerprints by whole cell MALDI-TOF MS, which correspond to changes in cell viability, gene expression, and differentiation markers
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Catherine J. Andersen, Aaron R. Van Dyke, Lydia Dupree, Layra Cintrón-Rivera, Adam Doerr, Kaley McMullen, Kristina Murray, Nicholas Ragonesi, Alexander Gaito, Tyler Lyons, Eunsun Hong, Justin Gilbertson, Matthew Little, Justin Mercado, Margaret Rzucidlo, and John Godwin
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Liver X receptor ,Oxysterols ,Anti-cancer bioactives ,MALDI-TOF MS ,Whole cell mass fingerprinting ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
Liver X receptor (LXR) agonists, including synthetic ligands or naturally-occurring oxysterols, exert promising lipid-modulating, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) whole cell mass spectrometry (MS) shows promise in chronic disease and food science research, clinical diagnostics of cancer cells and bacterial pathogens, and drug/nutraceutical discovery due to its relatively low-cost, rapid, reliable, and high-throughput ability to identify unique cell phenotypes and differentiation states of immune cells that play essential roles in chronic metabolic and inflammatory disease pathophysiology. However, optimization of whole cell MALDI-TOF MS-based methods to assess cellular changes in response to pharmaceutical and/or nutraceutical treatment warrants further study. Thus, we investigated whether whole cell MALDI-TOF MS could detect cellular phenotype changes of human stem-like erythroleukemia K562 cells – a model for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) – induced by the LXR agonist TO-901317, a synthetic ligand that mimics effects of naturally-occurring oxysterols, which are oxidized cholesterol derivatives formed under conditions of high cellular cholesterol concentrations and in food products. TO-901317 dose- and time-dependently altered mRNA expression of cholesterol flux genes, including ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), LDL-receptor (LDLR), HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR), and reduced cellular cholesterol content by 22.9% at 24 h. TO-901317 additionally dose- and time-dependently impacted K562 cell viability, number, size, and reduced mRNA expression of the anti-apoptotic gene BCL2L1 by 43.3%. These effects corresponded to induced gene expression of erythroid markers and hemoglobin content, suggesting that LXR activation may promote erythroid lineage differentiation. Whole cell MALDI-TOF MS mass fingerprinting revealed distinct proteomic phenotypes between TO-901317 vs. untreated cells, and identified histone 2 A and histone H4 as uniquely expressed proteins. These findings not only elucidate a novel role for LXR agonists in a model of CML, but demonstrate that mass fingerprints obtained by whole cell MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry effectively distinguish between treatment-induced cell phenotypes.
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- 2024
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29. A dusty veil shading Betelgeuse during its Great Dimming
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Montargès, M., Cannon, E., Lagadec, E., de Koter, A., Kervella, P., Sanchez-Bermudez, J., Paladini, C., Cantalloube, F., Decin, L., Scicluna, P., Kravchenko, K., Dupree, A. K., Ridgway, S., Wittkowski, M., Anugu, N., Norris, R., Rau, G., Perrin, G., Chiavassa, A., Kraus, S., Monnier, J. D., Millour, F., Bouquin, J. -B. Le, Haubois, X., Lopez, B., Stee, P., and Danchi, W.
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Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
Red supergiants are the most common final evolutionary stage of stars that have initial masses between 8 and 35 times that of the Sun. During this stage, which lasts roughly 100,000 years1, red supergiants experience substantial mass loss. However, the mechanism for this mass loss is unknown. Mass loss may affect the evolutionary path, collapse and future supernova light curve of a red supergiant, and its ultimate fate as either a neutron star or a black hole. From November 2019 to March 2020, Betelgeuse - the second-closest red supergiant to Earth (roughly 220 parsecs, or 724 light years, away) - experienced a historic dimming of its visible brightness. Usually having an apparent magnitude between 0.1 and 1.0, its visual brightness decreased to 1.614 +/- 0.008 magnitudes around 7-13 February 2020 - an event referred to as Betelgeuse's Great Dimming. Here we report high-angular-resolution observations showing that the southern hemisphere of Betelgeuse was ten times darker than usual in the visible spectrum during its Great Dimming. Observations and modelling support a scenario in which a dust clump formed recently in the vicinity of the star, owing to a local temperature decrease in a cool patch that appeared on the photosphere. The directly imaged brightness variations of Betelgeuse evolved on a timescale of weeks. Our findings suggest that a component of mass loss from red supergiants is inhomogeneous, linked to a very contrasted and rapidly changing photosphere
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- 2022
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30. Enteric tube position on preoperative radiographs predicts clinical outcomes in neonatal congenital diaphragmatic hernia with and without prenatal diagnosis
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Wallace, Marshall W., Niec, Jan A., Mirza, Muhammad B., Achey, Meredith A., Oros, Joseph, Danko, Melissa E., Hilmes, Melissa A., Hatch, L. Dupree, Morris, Emily A., and Lovvorn, III, Harold N.
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- 2023
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31. “I’m a Horrible Mother”: The Relationship Between Psychoeducation, Disclosure, and Shame Surrounding Postpartum Intrusive Thoughts
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Melles, Elizabeth A. and Keller-Dupree, Elizabeth A.
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- 2023
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32. Repositioning Our Thinking: Using Culturally Responsive Practices to Increase Equitable Access to Rigorous Instruction
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DuPree, Leon R.
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A teacher's work is to enhance their knowledge and skills of effective teaching while making sure that every students needs are met through their teaching practices. The Participatory Action Research (PAR) study examined the extent to which teachers changed their practices by engaging in culturally responsive practices with a Co-Practitioner Researcher (CPR) team and transferring those practices to the classroom. I formed a Co-Practitioner Researcher (CPR) team of four teachers and an instructional coach and facilitated the co-creation of a learning environment in which we could engage in dialogue and co-generate culturally responsive pedagogical practices that address rigor in the classroom. Using the methodology of participatory action research and focusing on the community learning exchange axioms, the CPR team engaged in the three inquiry cycles. By purposefully working in collaborative structures to identify effective strategies and components of rigor, using community learning exchange pedagogies, and cultivating an appropriate learning environment, the CPR team co-created an observational tool that identified rigor in their teaching practices. These findings are based on evidence from a three-cycle inquiry process in which we constructed meaning from the data: (1) Teachers require appropriate learning conditions that foster their development as adult learners; (2) creating rigorous instruction for students is a developmental process for teachers; and (3) teachers transfer their learning to practice when they have opportunities for peer dialogue and input on observation processes. As a team, we engaged as a community of practice committed to engaging in collaborative activities, discussions about the classroom, and being active practitioners to transfer practice to the classroom. The important application is the methods we used for meeting and learning together about the critical work of focusing on rigor in middle school classrooms. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]
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- 2023
33. Doing Schools Differently: Visionary Leadership in an Alabama School District
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Bennett, Dee Dupree, Turnham, Rachel S., and Lemoine, Pamela A.
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This case study describes how one school district in Alabama was able to sustain learning and effectively educate students using technology during the COVID-19 pandemic. Investigation of leadership practices found several established procedures that facilitated the education process differently and adapted to change abruptly. The case study findings identify five practices exhibited by the school district leader and how intertwining the practices resulted in educational stability during the pandemic. The leadership practices are: tools and training; technology readiness; emphasis of standards; forward-thinking habits; two-way communication. The conclusions from the case study outline applicable practices and technology integration for educational leaders.
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- 2020
34. Observations of the Bright Star in the Globular Cluster 47 Tucanae (NGC 104)
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Dixon, William V., Chayer, Pierre, Bertolami, Marcelo Miguel Miller, Fiscella, Valentina Sosa, Benjamin, Robert A., and Dupree, Andrea
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Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
The Bright Star in the globular cluster 47 Tucanae (NGC 104) is a post-AGB star of spectral type B8 III. The ultraviolet spectra of late-B stars exhibit a myriad of absorption features, many due to species unobservable from the ground. The Bright Star thus represents a unique window into the chemistry of 47 Tuc. We have analyzed observations obtained with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE), the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) aboard the Hubble Space Telescope, and the MIKE Spectrograph on the Magellan Telescope. By fitting these data with synthetic spectra, we determine various stellar parameters (T_eff = 10,850 +/- 250 K, log g = 2.20 +/- 0.13) and the photospheric abundances of 26 elements, including Ne, P, Cl, Ga, Pd, In, Sn, Hg, and Pb, which have not previously been published for this cluster. Abundances of intermediate-mass elements (Mg through Ga) generally scale with Fe, while the heaviest elements (Pd through Pb) have roughly solar abundances. Its low C/O ratio indicates that the star did not undergo third dredge-up and suggests that its heavy elements were made by a previous generation of stars. If so, this pattern should be present throughout the cluster, not just in this star. Stellar-evolution models suggest that the Bright Star is powered by a He-burning shell, having left the AGB during or immediately after a thermal pulse. Its mass (0.54 +/- 0.16 M_sun) implies that single stars in 47 Tuc lose 0.1--0.2 M_sun on the AGB, only slightly less than they lose on the RGB., Comment: 23 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal
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- 2021
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35. Reply to: Biogeographic implications of plant stature and microclimate in cold regions
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Büntgen, Ulf, Piermattei, Alma, Dolezal, Jiri, Dupree, Paul, and Crivellaro, Alan
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- 2023
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36. Author Correction: Biogeographic implication of temperature-induced plant cell wall lignification
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Crivellaro, Alan, Piermattei, Alma, Dolezal, Jiri, Dupree, Paul, and Büntgen, Ulf
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- 2023
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37. Workload In Neonatology (WORKLINE): Validation and feasibility of a system for measuring clinician workload integrated into the electronic health record
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Dye, M. Eva, Runyan, Patti, Scott, Theresa A., Dietrich, Mary S., Hatch, L. Dupree, France, Daniel, and Alrifai, Mhd Wael
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- 2023
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38. The Loudest Stellar Heartbeat: Characterizing the most extreme amplitude heartbeat star system
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Jayasinghe, T., Kochanek, C. S., Strader, J., Stanek, K. Z., Vallely, P. J., Thompson, Todd A., Hinkle, J. T., Shappee, B. J., Dupree, A. K., Auchettl, K., Chomiuk, L., Aydi, E., Dage, K., Hughes, A., Shishkovsky, L., Sokolovsky, K. V., Swihart, S., Voggel, K. T., and Thompson, I. B.
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Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
We characterize the extreme heartbeat star system MACHO 80.7443.1718 in the LMC using TESS photometry and spectroscopic observations from the Magellan Inamori Kyocera Echelle (MIKE) and SOAR Goodman spectographs. MACHO 80.7443.1718 was first identified as a heartbeat star system in the All-Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae (ASAS-SN) with $P_{\rm orb}=32.836\pm0.008\,{\rm d}$. MACHO 80.7443.1718 is a young (${\sim}6$~Myr), massive binary, composed of a B0 Iae supergiant with $M_1 \simeq 35 M_\odot$ and an O9.5V secondary with $M_2 \simeq 16 M_\odot$ on an eccentric ($e=0.51\pm0.03$) orbit. In addition to having the largest variability amplitude amongst all known heartbeats stars, MACHO 80.7443.1718 is also one of the most massive heartbeat stars yet discovered. The B[e] supergiant has Balmer emission lines and permitted/forbidden metallic emission lines associated with a circumstellar disk. The disk rapidly dissipates at periastron which could indicate mass transfer to the secondary, but re-emerges immediately following periastron passage. MACHO 80.7443.1718 also shows tidally excited oscillations at the $N=25$ and $N=41$ orbital harmonics and has a rotational period of 4.4 d., Comment: 21 pages, 16 figures. Submitted to MNRAS
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- 2021
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39. Laboratory Investigations on the Potential Efficacy of Biological Control Agents on Two Thrips Species, Onion Thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman) and Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande))
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Ashley Summerfield, Rosemarije Buitenhuis, Sarah Jandricic, and Cynthia D. Scott-Dupree
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thrips ,greenhouse IPM ,biological control ,integrated pest management ,predatory mites ,Orius insidiosus ,Science - Abstract
Thrips biocontrol research in greenhouse crops has focused primarily on western flower thrips (WFT; Frankliniella occidentalis). However, recent outbreaks of onion thrips (OT; Thrips tabaci) in Ontario, Canada, demonstrate that biocontrol-based IPM programs for WFT do not control OT sufficiently to prevent crop losses. A lack of comparative studies makes it difficult to determine which program components for WFT are failing for OT. We conducted several laboratory trials examining the extent to which commercial biocontrol products kill OT compared to WFT. These included phytoseiid mites (Amblyseius swirskii, Neoseiulus cucumeris, Amblydromalus limonicus, Iphiseius degenerans), a large generalist predator (Orius insidiosus), an entomopathogenic fungus (Beauveria bassiana strain GHA), and entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema feltiae, S. carpocapsae, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora). In no-choice trials, A. swirskii and O. insidiosus consumed more OT than WFT (first instars and adults, respectively). In choice trials, A. swirskii, N. cucumeris, and O. insidiosus consumed more OT than WFT. Steinernema feltiae caused higher mortality in OT than WFT. There was no difference in mortality between thrips species exposed to other biocontrol agents. This suggests available tools have the potential to manage OT as well as WFT. Possible explanations why this potential is not realized in commercial settings are explored.
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- 2024
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40. Video Visits are Practical for the Follow-up and Management of Established Male Infertility Patients
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Andino, Juan, Zhu, Alex, Chopra, Zoey, Daignault-Newton, Stephanie, Ellimoottil, Chad, and Dupree, James M
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Reproductive Medicine ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Infertility ,Contraception/Reproduction ,Prevention ,Clinical Research ,7.1 Individual care needs ,Management of diseases and conditions ,Good Health and Well Being ,Academic Medical Centers ,Adult ,Cost Savings ,Humans ,Infertility ,Male ,Male ,Michigan ,Middle Aged ,Remote Consultation ,Retrospective Studies ,Time Factors ,Young Adult ,Clinical Sciences ,Urology & Nephrology ,Clinical sciences - Abstract
ObjectiveTo study the use of video visits for male infertility care prior to the COVID-19 pandemic METHODS: We reviewed video visits for male infertility patients completed at a tertiary academic center in southeast Michigan. These patients had follow-up after an initial in-person evaluation. We designed this retrospective case series to describe the diagnostic categories seen through telehealth, management steps completed during video visits, and to understand whether additional in-person care was required within 90 days of video visits. In addition, we estimated time and cost savings for patients attributed to video visits.ResultsMost men seen during video visits had an endocrinologic (29%) or anatomic (21%) cause for their infertility. 73% of video visits involved reviewing results; 30% included counseling regarding assistive reproductive technologies; and 25% of video visits resulted in prescribing hormonally active medications. The two patients (3%) who were seen in clinic after their video visit underwent a varicocelectomy in the interim. No patients required an unplanned in-person visit. From a patient perspective, video visits were estimated to save a median of 97 minutes (IQR 64-250) of travel per visit. Median cost savings per patient- by avoiding travel and taking time off work for a clinic visit-were estimated to range from $149 (half day off) to $252 (full day off).ConclusionVideo visits for established male infertility patients were used to manage different causes of infertility while saving patients time and money. Telehealth for established patients did not trigger additional in-person evaluations.
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- 2021
41. Bioimpedance spectroscopy for breast cancer-related lymphedema assessment: clinical practice guidelines
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Shah, Chirag, Whitworth, Pat, Valente, Stephanie, Schwarz, Graham S., Kruse, Megan, Kohli, Manpreet, Brownson, Kirstyn, Lawson, Laura, Dupree, Beth, and Vicini, Frank A.
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- 2023
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42. Safety and effectiveness of the sodium‐glucose cotransporter inhibitor bexagliflozin in cats newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus
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Michael J. Hadd, Stephen E. Bienhoff, Susan E. Little, Samuel Geller, Jennifer Ogne‐Stevenson, Thomas J. Dupree, and J. Catharine Scott‐Moncrieff
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feline ,field study ,fructosamine half‐life ,hyperglycemia ,SGLT2 ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Abstract Background Bexagliflozin is a sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor. A pilot study has shown that bexagliflozin can decrease dependence on exogenous insulin in cats with diabetes mellitus (DM). Objective To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of bexagliflozin as a monotherapy for DM in previously untreated cats. Animals Eighty‐four client‐owned cats. Methods Historically controlled prospective open‐label clinical trial. Cats were dosed PO with 15 mg bexagliflozin once daily for 56 days, with a 124‐day extension to evaluate safety and treatment effect durability. The primary endpoint was the proportion of cats experiencing a decrease in hyperglycemia and improvement in clinical signs of hyperglycemia from baseline on day 56. Results Of 84 enrolled cats, 81 were evaluable on day 56, and 68 (84.0%) were treatment successes. Decreases in mean serum glucose, fructosamine, and β‐hydroxybutyrate (β‐OHB) concentrations were observed, and investigator assessments of cat neurological status, musculature, and hair coat quality improved. Owner evaluations of both cat and owner quality of life were favorable. The fructosamine half‐life in diabetic cats was found to be 6.8 days. Commonly observed adverse events included emesis, diarrhea, anorexia, lethargy, and dehydration. Eight cats experienced serious adverse events, 3 of which led to death or euthanasia. The most important adverse event was euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis, diagnosed in 3 cats and presumed present in a fourth. Conclusion and Clinical Importance Bexagliflozin decreased hyperglycemia and observed clinical signs in cats newly diagnosed with DM. As a once‐daily PO medication, bexagliflozin may simplify management of DM in cats.
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- 2023
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43. Modelling potential distribution of the invasive box tree moth across Asia, Europe, and North America.
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M Lukas Seehausen, Alex Rimmer, Abigail Wiesner, Marc Kenis, Cynthia Scott-Dupree, and Sandy M Smith
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
The box tree moth Cydalima perspectalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) (BTM) is a native moth throughout eastern Asia, having recently become invasive in Europe (2007) where it feeds on boxwood (= box tree), Buxus spp. The moth rapidly spread across Europe and the Caucasus causing damage to both ornamental and wild Buxus. In 2018, C. perspectalis was found in Toronto, ON, Canada, and has since spread south into the US. To better predict where the moth will establish and have significant impact on ornamental trade in North America, we used most recent scientific literature and distribution points to update the temperature and diapause indices of an existing ecoclimatic CLIMEX model. The model parameters provided a good fit for the potential distribution of BTM compared to its known distribution across eastern Asia and in Europe. Interestingly, our results suggest that the current native distribution in Asia is incomplete and that further expansion is also possible in its introduced range, especially in northern Europe, along the Mediterranean coast of Africa, and eastward to central Russia. In North America, the model predicts that most of North America should be climatically suitable for the moth's establishment, with the exception of Alaska and the northern territories of Canada, as well as higher elevations in the Rocky Mountains and southern hot and dry areas. Our study highlights the importance of the CLIMEX model to assess the risk of BTM spreading in its newly invaded areas, especially North America, and its use to help make decisions in terms of regulatory dispersal restrictions and choice of management options.
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- 2024
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44. The Occurrence of Rocky Habitable Zone Planets Around Solar-Like Stars from Kepler Data
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Bryson, Steve, Kunimoto, Michelle, Kopparapu, Ravi K., Coughlin, Jeffrey L., Borucki, William J., Koch, David, Aguirre, Victor Silva, Allen, Christopher, Barentsen, Geert, Batalha, Natalie. M., Berger, Travis, Boss, Alan, Buchhave, Lars A., Burke, Christopher J., Caldwell, Douglas A., Campbell, Jennifer R., Catanzarite, Joseph, Chandrasekharan, Hema, Chaplin, William J., Christiansen, Jessie L., Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jorgen, Ciardi, David R., Clarke, Bruce D., Cochran, William D., Dotson, Jessie L., Doyle, Laurance R., Duarte, Eduardo Seperuelo, Dunham, Edward W., Dupree, Andrea K., Endl, Michael, Fanson, James L., Ford, Eric B., Fujieh, Maura, Gautier III, Thomas N., Geary, John C., Gilliland, Ronald L, Girouard, Forrest R., Gould, Alan, Haas, Michael R., Henze, Christopher E., Holman, Matthew J., Howard, Andrew, Howell, Steve B., Huber, Daniel, Hunter, Roger C., Jenkins, Jon M., Kjeldsen, Hans, Kolodziejczak, Jeffery, Larson, Kipp, Latham, David W., Li, Jie, Mathur, Savita, Meibom, Soren, Middour, Chris, Morris, Robert L., Morton, Timothy D., Mullally, Fergal, Mullally, Susan E., Pletcher, David, Prsa, Andrej, Quinn, Samuel N., Quintana, Elisa V., Ragozzine, Darin, Ramirez, Solange V., Sanderfer, Dwight T., Sasselov, Dimitar, Seader, Shawn E., Shabram, Megan, Shporer, Avi, Smith, Jeffrey C., Steffen, Jason H., Still, Martin, Torres, Guillermo, Troeltzsch, John, Twicken, Joseph D., Uddin, Akm Kamal, Van Cleve, Jeffrey E., Voss, Janice, Weiss, Lauren, Welsh, William F., Wohler, Bill, and Zamudio, Khadeejah A
- Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
We present occurrence rates for rocky planets in the habitable zones (HZ) of main-sequence dwarf stars based on the Kepler DR25 planet candidate catalog and Gaia-based stellar properties. We provide the first analysis in terms of star-dependent instellation flux, which allows us to track HZ planets. We define $\eta_\oplus$ as the HZ occurrence of planets with radius between 0.5 and 1.5 $R_\oplus$ orbiting stars with effective temperatures between 4800 K and 6300 K. We find that $\eta_\oplus$ for the conservative HZ is between $0.37^{+0.48}_{-0.21}$ (errors reflect 68\% credible intervals) and $0.60^{+0.90}_{-0.36}$ planets per star, while the optimistic HZ occurrence is between $0.58^{+0.73}_{-0.33}$ and $0.88^{+1.28}_{-0.51}$ planets per star. These bounds reflect two extreme assumptions about the extrapolation of completeness beyond orbital periods where DR25 completeness data are available. The large uncertainties are due to the small number of detected small HZ planets. We find similar occurrence rates using both a Poisson likelihood Bayesian analysis and Approximate Bayesian Computation. Our results are corrected for catalog completeness and reliability. Both completeness and the planet occurrence rate are dependent on stellar effective temperature. We also present occurrence rates for various stellar populations and planet size ranges. We estimate with $95\%$ confidence that, on average, the nearest HZ planet around G and K dwarfs is about 6 pc away, and there are about 4 HZ rocky planets around G and K dwarfs within 10 pc of the Sun., Comment: To appear in The Astronomical Journal
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- 2020
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45. Spatially Resolved Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of the Great Dimming of Betelgeuse
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Dupree, Andrea K., Strassmeier, Klaus G., Matthews, Lynn D., Uitenbroek, Han, Calderwood, Thomas, Granzer, Thomas, Guinan, Edward F, Leike, Reimar, Montargès, Miguel, Richards, Anita M. S., Wasatonic, Richard, and Weber, Michael
- Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
The bright supergiant, Betelgeuse (Alpha Orionis, HD 39801) experienced a visual dimming during 2019 December and the first quarter of 2020 reaching an historic minimum 2020 February 7$-$13. During 2019 September-November, prior to the optical dimming event, the photosphere was expanding. At the same time, spatially resolved ultraviolet spectra using the Hubble Space Telescope/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph revealed a substantial increase in the ultraviolet spectrum and Mg II line emission from the chromosphere over the southern hemisphere of the star. Moreover, the temperature and electron density inferred from the spectrum and C II diagnostics also increased in this hemisphere. These changes happened prior to the Great Dimming Event. Variations in the Mg II k-line profiles suggest material moved outwards in response to the passage of a pulse or acoustic shock from 2019 September through 2019 November. It appears that this extraordinary outflow of material from the star, likely initiated by convective photospheric elements, was enhanced by the coincidence with the outward motions in this phase of the $\sim$400 day pulsation cycle. These ultraviolet observations appear to provide the connecting link between the known large convective cells in the photosphere and the mass ejection event that cooled to form the dust cloud in the southern hemisphere imaged in 2019 December, and led to the exceptional optical dimming of Betelgeuse in 2020 February., Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, Astrophysical Journal, accepted
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- 2020
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46. The Most Metal-poor Stars in Omega Centauri (NGC 5139)
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Johnson, Christian I., Dupree, Andrea K., Mateo, Mario, Bailey III, John I., Olszewski, Edward W., and Walker, Matthew G.
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Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
The most massive and complex globular clusters in the Galaxy are thought to have originated as the nuclear cores of now tidally disrupted dwarf galaxies, but the connection between globular clusters and dwarf galaxies is tenuous with the M54/Sagittarius system representing the only unambiguous link. The globular cluster Omega Centauri (w Cen) is more massive and chemically diverse than M 54, and is thought to have been the nuclear star cluster of either the Sequoia or Gaia-Enceladus galaxy. Local Group dwarf galaxies with masses equivalent to these systems often host significant populations of very metal-poor stars ([Fe/H] < -2.5), and one might expect to find such objects in w Cen. Using high resolution spectra from Magellan-M2FS, we detected 11 stars in a targeted sample of 395 that have [Fe/H] ranging from -2.30 to -2.52. These are the most metal-poor stars discovered in the cluster, and are 5x more metal-poor than w Cen's dominant population. However, these stars are not so metal-poor as to be unambiguously linked to a dwarf galaxy origin. The cluster's metal-poor tail appears to contain two populations near [Fe/H] ~ -2.1 and -2.4, which are very centrally concentrated but do not exhibit any peculiar kinematic signatures. Several possible origins for these stars are discussed., Comment: AJ In press; 29 pages, 5 Figures
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- 2020
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47. Challenges in completing a successful vasectomy reversal
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Andino, Juan J, Gonzalez, Daniel C, Dupree, James M, Marks, Sheldon, and Ramasamy, Ranjith
- Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Good Health and Well Being ,Fertility ,Humans ,Male ,Microsurgery ,Vasectomy ,Vasovasostomy ,male infertility ,microsurgery ,vasectomy reversal ,vasovasostomy ,Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine ,Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine ,Clinical sciences ,Reproductive medicine - Abstract
Although a wide array of interventions exist for men seeking fertility after vasectomy, up to 6% of them will elect for a vasectomy reversal. While the widespread adoption of telemedicine promises convenience and improved access, lack of ability to do a physical examination may hinder appropriate counselling. Although vasectomy reversal is successfully completed in most of the men either with a vasovasostomy or a vasoepididymostomy, there could be various reasons for the inability to successfully complete the operation. Our commentary outlines the reasons why a vasectomy reversal is not possible or successful. We also discuss a pre-operative management algorithm in men seeking vasectomy reversal to ensure appropriate counselling with a thorough pre-operative history, physical examination and on occasion, hormonal evaluation.
- Published
- 2021
48. Multi-detector null-stream-based $\chi^2$ statistic for compact binary coalescence searches
- Author
-
Dupree, William and Bose, Sukanta
- Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics - Abstract
We develop a new multi-detector signal-based discriminator to improve the sensitivity of searches for gravitational waves from compact binary coalescences. The new statistic is the traditional $\chi^2$ computed on a null-stream synthesized from the gravitational-wave detector strain time-series of three detectors. This null-stream-$\chi^2$ statistic can be extended to networks involving more than three detectors as well. The null-stream itself was proposed as a discriminator between correlated unmodeled signals in multiple detectors, such as arising from a common astrophysical source, and uncorrelated noise transients. It can be useful even when the signal model is known, such as for compact binary coalescences. The traditional $\chi^2$, on the other hand, is an effective discriminator when the signal model is known and lends itself to the matched-filtering technique. The latter weakens in its effectiveness when a signal lacks enough cycles in band; this can happen for high-mass black hole binaries. The former weakens when there are concurrent noise transients in different detectors in the network or the detector sensitivities are substantially different. Using simulated binary black hole signals, noise transients and strain for Advanced LIGO (in Livingston and Hanford) and Advanced Virgo detectors, we compare the performance of the null-stream-$\chi^2$ statistic with that of the traditional $\chi^2$ statistic using receiver-operating characteristics. The new statistic may form the basis for better signal-noise discriminators in multi-detector searches in the future., Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, published in Classical and Quantum Gravity
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. First evidence of enhanced recombination in astrophysical environments and the implications for plasma diagnostics
- Author
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Nemer, A., Sterling, N. C., Raymond, J., Dupree, A. K., García-Rojas, J., Wang, Qianxia, Pindzola, M. S., Ballance, C. P., and Loch, S. D.
- Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Physics - Atomic Physics - Abstract
We report the first unambiguous observational evidence of Rydberg Enhanced Recombination (RER), a potentially important recombination mechanism that has hitherto been unexplored in low-temperature photoionized plasmas. RER shares similarities with dielectronic recombination, with the difference that the electron is captured into a highly excited state below the ionization threshold -- rather than above the threshold -- of the recombining ion. We predict transitions of carbon and oxygen ions that are formed via the RER process, and their relative strengths with collisional-radiative spectral models. Optical C II RER features are detected in published high-resolution spectra of eight planetary nebulae, and a C III transition has been found in the ultraviolet spectrum in a symbiotic star system. The relative intensities of these lines are consistent with their production by this recombination mechanism. Because RER has not previously been accounted for in photoionized plasmas, its inclusion in models can significantly impact the predicted ionization balance and hence abundance calculations of important astrophysical species. Calculations for C+ suggest that the enhancement in the total recombination rate can amount to a factor of 2.2 at 8100 K, increasing to 7.5 at T = 3500 K. These results demonstrate the importance of including RER in models of photoionized astrophysical plasmas and in elemental abundance determinations., Comment: 3 Figures, 2 Tables. Published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2019 December 10
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Male Fertility and Testosterone Therapy
- Author
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Andino, Juan and Dupree, James M
- Subjects
Biological Sciences ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Human Society ,Demography ,Reproductive Medicine ,Contraception/Reproduction ,Infertility ,Clinical Research ,Reproductive health and childbirth ,Good Health and Well Being - Published
- 2023
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