798 results on '"P. Dunton"'
Search Results
2. Model selection for risk analysis of wastewater networks
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Dunton, Aaron
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Mathematics - Optimization and Control ,Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control - Abstract
In this paper, we test various models of wastewater infrastructure for risk analysis and compare their performance. While many representations are available, existing studies do not consider selection of the appropriate model for risk analysis. In this paper, we define two characteristics of wastewater models: the network granularity and the fidelity of the governing equations. We consider different combinations of these characteristics to determine 6 network representations that could be used as the foundation for risk analysis. We test the performance of each model as compared to predictions from the most detailed model, the full network with dynamic wave flow equations. We demonstrate the model selection for Seaside, Oregon. We conclude that the full network granularity is needed as compared to a coarse network representation. For the fidelity of the governing equations, connectivity analysis is reasonable if the primary goal is to determine the spatial distribution of hazard impact. To more accurately predict nodal performance measures, the dynamic wave equations are needed as they capture important physical phenomena.
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- 2023
3. Local environmental conditions structured discrete fish assemblages in Arctic lagoons
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Laske, Sarah M., von Biela, Vanessa R., Stanek, Ashley E., and Dunton, Kenneth H.
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- 2024
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4. Cost-effectiveness model of trastuzumab deruxtecan as second-line treatment in HER2-positive unresectable and/or metastatic breast cancer in Finland
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Paulissen, Jeroen H. J., Seddik, Ahmed H., Dunton, Kyle J., Livings, Christopher J., van Hulst, Marinus, Postma, Maarten J., de Jong, Lisa A., and Freriks, Roel D.
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- 2024
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5. Testing Meson Portal Dark Sector Solutions to the MiniBooNE Anomaly at CCM
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Aguilar-Arevalo, A. A., Biedron, S., Boissevain, J., Borrego, M., Bugel, L., Chavez-Estrada, M., Conrad, J. M., Cooper, R. L., Diaz, A., Distel, J. R., D'Olivo, J. C., Dunton, E., Dutta, B., Fields, D., Gochanour, J. R., Gold, M., Guardincerri, E., Huang, E. C., Kamp, N., Kim, D., Knickerbocker, K., Louis, W. C., Lyles, J. T. M., Mahapatra, R., Maludze, S., Mirabal, J., Newmark, D., deNiverville, P., Pandey, V., Poulson, D., Ray, H., Renner, E., Schaub, T. J., Schneider, A., Shaevitz, M. H., Smith, D., Sondheim, W., Szelc, A. M., Taylor, C., Thompson, A., Thompson, W. H., Tripathi, M., Thornton, R. T., Van Berg, R., and Van de Water, R. G.
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High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Experiment - Abstract
A solution to the MiniBooNE excess invoking rare three-body decays of the charged pions and kaons to new states in the MeV mass scale was recently proposed as a dark-sector explanation. This class of solution illuminates the fact that, while the charged pions were focused in the target-mode run, their decay products were isotropically suppressed in the beam-dump-mode run in which no excess was observed. This suggests a new physics solution correlated to the mesonic sector. We investigate an extended set of phenomenological models that can explain the MiniBooNE excess as a dark sector solution, utilizing long-lived particles that might be produced in the three-body decays of the charged mesons and the two-body anomalous decays of the neutral mesons. Over a broad set of interactions with the long-lived particles, we show that these scenarios can be compatible with constraints from LSND, KARMEN, and MicroBooNE, and evaluate the sensitivity of the ongoing and future data taken by the Coherent CAPTAIN Mills experiment (CCM) to a potential discovery in this parameter space., Comment: Added sensitivity forecast for a future MicroBooNE search (with more exposure and increased signal efficiency) for the single-photon, zero nucleon final state
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- 2023
6. Rethinking Backbones in Collective Impact: Examining a Broadening STEM Participation Program as a Feminist Matrix Organization
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Fox, Anna, Mwangi, Chrystal George, Pachucki, Mark, Wells, Ryan, Dasgupta, Buju, Thoma, Hanni, Dunton, Sarah, and Kimball, Ezekiel
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Collective impact is an organizational model that is often used as a tool for solving complex social problems through cross-sector collaboration. Traditional applications of this model require a separate backbone organization to oversee the organizational partnership. Using qualitative data from a larger mixed methods study, we examined STEMSUCCESS, a STEM access program for K-12 girls, through the lenses of both collective impact and feminist matrix organizational theory. Our research questions focused on how participants characterized the organizational behaviors within and between the partnership as well as how the partnership accomplished the goals a backbone organization normally would. Although STEMSUCCESS exhibits characteristics of collective impact partnerships between universities and community organizations, we show how the partnership's design calls into question the necessity of backbone organizations through centering women and promoting a non-hierarchical structure. Rather than a centralized backbone, we recommend reimagining the collective impact model as a quilt--a living project that is flexible, communally sourced, and rooted in feminism and social change.
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- 2023
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7. An Analysis of the Johnson-Lindenstrauss Lemma with the Bivariate Gamma Distribution
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Bernstein, Jason, Dunton, Alec M., and Priest, Benjamin W.
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Mathematics - Statistics Theory - Abstract
Probabilistic proofs of the Johnson-Lindenstrauss lemma imply that random projection can reduce the dimension of a data set and approximately preserve pairwise distances. If a distance being approximately preserved is called a success, and the complement of this event is called a failure, then such a random projection likely results in no failures. Assuming a Gaussian random projection, the lemma is proved by showing that the no-failure probability is positive using a combination of Bonferroni's inequality and Markov's inequality. This paper modifies this proof in two ways to obtain a greater lower bound on the no-failure probability. First, Bonferroni's inequality is applied to pairs of failures instead of individual failures. Second, since a pair of projection errors has a bivariate gamma distribution, the probability of a pair of successes is bounded using an inequality from Jensen (1969). If $n$ is the number of points to be embedded and $\mu$ is the probability of a success, then this leads to an increase in the lower bound on the no-failure probability of $\frac{1}{2}\binom{n}{2}(1-\mu)^2$ if $\binom{n}{2}$ is even and $\frac{1}{2}\left(\binom{n}{2}-1\right)(1-\mu)^2$ if $\binom{n}{2}$ is odd. For example, if $n=10^5$ points are to be embedded in $k=10^4$ dimensions with a tolerance of $\epsilon=0.1$, then the improvement in the lower bound is on the order of $10^{-14}$. We also show that further improvement is possible if the inequality in Jensen (1969) extends to three successes, though we do not have a proof of this result., Comment: 20 pages, 5 figures. This revision improves figure 2 and format of citations
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- 2023
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8. Rapid sea level rise causes loss of seagrass meadows
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Capistrant-Fossa, Kyle A. and Dunton, Kenneth H.
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- 2024
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9. The Role of Social Support and Acculturation Factors on Postpartum Mental Health Among Latinas in the MADRES Pregnancy Cohort
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Corona, Karina, Yang, Tingyu, Dunton, Genevieve, Toledo-Corral, Claudia, Grubbs, Brendan, Eckel, Sandrah P., Johnston, Jill, Chavez, Thomas, Lerner, Deborah, Lurvey, Nathana, Al-Marayati, Laila, Habre, Rima, Farzan, Shohreh F., Breton, Carrie V., and Bastain, Theresa M.
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- 2024
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10. Literacy instruction from afar: evidence for the effectiveness of a remotely delivered language-rich reading programme
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Downing, Cameron, Evans-Jones, Gwennant, Calabrich, Simone Lira, Wynne, Caspar, Cartin, Rachel, Dunton, Joanna, Elliott, Ruth, Caravolas, Markéta, Hulme, Charles, and Jones, Manon
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- 2024
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11. Temperature Thresholds for Leaf Damage from Two Extreme Freeze Events (2018 and 2021) Near the Northern Range Limit of Black Mangroves (Avicennia germinans) in Southeastern North America
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Kaalstad, Simen, Osland, Michael J., Devlin, Donna J., Proffitt, C. Edward, Feher, Laura C., Armitage, Anna R., Day, Richard H., Swanson, Kathleen M., Anderson, Gordon H., Berger, Brigid, Cebrian, Just, Cummins, Karen L., Dunton, Kenneth H., Feller, Ilka C., Fierro-Cabo, Alejandro, Flores, Elena A., From, Andrew S., Hughes, A. Randall, Kaplan, David A., Langston, Amy K., Martinez, Melinda, Martinez, Briana, Miller, Christopher J., Reaver, Nathan G., Sanspree, Colt R., Snyder, Caitlin M., Stetter, Andrew P., Thompson, Jamie E., and Zamora-Tovar, Carlos
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- 2024
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12. Integrating Remote Sensing with Ground-based Observations to Quantify the Effects of an Extreme Freeze Event on Black Mangroves (Avicennia germinans) at the Landscape Scale
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Martinez, Melinda, Osland, Michael J., Grace, James B., Enwright, Nicholas M., Stagg, Camille L., Kaalstad, Simen, Anderson, Gordon H., Armitage, Anna R., Cebrian, Just, Cummins, Karen L., Day, Richard H., Devlin, Donna J., Dunton, Kenneth H., Feher, Laura C., Fierro-Cabo, Alejandro, Flores, Elena A., From, Andrew S., Hughes, A. Randall, Kaplan, David A., Langston, Amy K., Miller, Christopher, Proffitt, Charles E., Reaver, Nathan G. F., Sanspree, Colt R., Snyder, Caitlin M., Stetter, Andrew P., Swanson, Kathleen M., Thompson, Jamie E., and Zamora-Tovar, Carlos
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- 2024
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13. Burden and Inattentive Responding in a 12-Month Intensive Longitudinal Study: Interview Study Among Young Adults
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Shirlene D Wang, Lori Hatzinger, Jeremy Morales, Micaela Hewus, Stephen Intille, and Genevieve F Dunton
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Medicine - Abstract
BackgroundIntensive longitudinal data (ILD) collection methods have gained popularity in social and behavioral research as a tool to better understand behavior and experiences over time with reduced recall bias. Engaging participants in these studies over multiple months and ensuring high data quality are crucial but challenging due to the potential burden of repeated measurements. It is suspected that participants may engage in inattentive responding (IR) behavior to combat burden, but the processes underlying this behavior are unclear as previous studies have focused on the barriers to compliance rather than the barriers to providing high-quality data. ObjectiveThis study aims to broaden researchers’ knowledge about IR during ILD studies using qualitative analysis and uncover the underlying IR processes to aid future hypothesis generation. MethodsWe explored the process of IR by conducting semistructured qualitative exit interviews with 31 young adult participants (aged 18-29 years) who completed a 12-month ILD health behavior study with daily evening smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) surveys and 4-day waves of hourly EMA surveys. The interviews assessed participants’ motivations, the impact of time-varying contexts, changes in motivation and response patterns over time, and perceptions of attention check questions (ACQs) to understand participants’ response patterns and potential factors leading to IR. ResultsThematic analysis revealed 5 overarching themes on factors that influence participant engagement: (1) friends and family also had to tolerate the frequent surveys, (2) participants tried to respond to surveys quickly, (3) the repetitive nature of surveys led to neutral responses, (4) ACQs within the surveys helped to combat overly consistent response patterns, and (5) different motivations for answering the surveys may have led to different levels of data quality. ConclusionsThis study aimed to examine participants’ perceptions of the quality of data provided in an ILD study to contribute to the field’s understanding of engagement. These findings provide insights into the complex process of IR and participant engagement in ILD studies with EMA. The study identified 5 factors influencing IR that could guide future research to improve EMA survey design. The identified themes offer practical implications for researchers and study designers, including the importance of considering social context, the consideration of dynamic motivations, and the potential benefit of including ACQs as a technique to reduce IR and leveraging the intrinsic motivators of participants. By incorporating these insights, researchers might maximize the scientific value of their multimonth ILD studies through better data collection protocols. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR2-10.2196/36666
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- 2024
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14. Scalable Gaussian Process Hyperparameter Optimization via Coverage Regularization
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Wood, Killian, Dunton, Alec M., Muyskens, Amanda, and Priest, Benjamin W.
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Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Mathematics - Numerical Analysis ,Statistics - Machine Learning ,60G15 ,G.3 - Abstract
Gaussian processes (GPs) are Bayesian non-parametric models popular in a variety of applications due to their accuracy and native uncertainty quantification (UQ). Tuning GP hyperparameters is critical to ensure the validity of prediction accuracy and uncertainty; uniquely estimating multiple hyperparameters in, e.g. the Matern kernel can also be a significant challenge. Moreover, training GPs on large-scale datasets is a highly active area of research: traditional maximum likelihood hyperparameter training requires quadratic memory to form the covariance matrix and has cubic training complexity. To address the scalable hyperparameter tuning problem, we present a novel algorithm which estimates the smoothness and length-scale parameters in the Matern kernel in order to improve robustness of the resulting prediction uncertainties. Using novel loss functions similar to those in conformal prediction algorithms in the computational framework provided by the hyperparameter estimation algorithm MuyGPs, we achieve improved UQ over leave-one-out likelihood maximization while maintaining a high degree of scalability as demonstrated in numerical experiments., Comment: 4 pages content, 3 figures, 6 tables
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- 2022
15. Light curve completion and forecasting using fast and scalable Gaussian processes (MuyGPs)
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Goumiri, Imène R., Dunton, Alec M., Muyskens, Amanda L., Priest, Benjamin W., and Armstrong, Robert E.
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Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Statistics - Machine Learning - Abstract
Temporal variations of apparent magnitude, called light curves, are observational statistics of interest captured by telescopes over long periods of time. Light curves afford the exploration of Space Domain Awareness (SDA) objectives such as object identification or pose estimation as latent variable inference problems. Ground-based observations from commercial off the shelf (COTS) cameras remain inexpensive compared to higher precision instruments, however, limited sensor availability combined with noisier observations can produce gappy time-series data that can be difficult to model. These external factors confound the automated exploitation of light curves, which makes light curve prediction and extrapolation a crucial problem for applications. Traditionally, image or time-series completion problems have been approached with diffusion-based or exemplar-based methods. More recently, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have become the tool of choice due to their empirical success at learning complex nonlinear embeddings. However, DNNs often require large training data that are not necessarily available when looking at unique features of a light curve of a single satellite. In this paper, we present a novel approach to predicting missing and future data points of light curves using Gaussian Processes (GPs). GPs are non-linear probabilistic models that infer posterior distributions over functions and naturally quantify uncertainty. However, the cubic scaling of GP inference and training is a major barrier to their adoption in applications. In particular, a single light curve can feature hundreds of thousands of observations, which is well beyond the practical realization limits of a conventional GP on a single machine. Consequently, we employ MuyGPs, a scalable framework for hyperparameter estimation of GP models that uses nearest neighbors sparsification and local cross-validation. MuyGPs..., Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures, accepted to AMOS 2022 conference
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- 2022
16. Correction: Literacy instruction from afar: evidencefor the effectiveness of a remotely delivered language-rich reading programme
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Downing, Cameron, Evans-Jones, Gwennant, Calabrich, Simone Lira, Wynne, Caspar, Cartin, Rachel, Dunton, Joanna, Elliott, Ruth, Caravolas, Markéta, Hulme, Charles, and Jones, Manon
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- 2024
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17. Seagrass Isoscapes and Stoichioscapes Reveal Linkages to Inorganic Nitrogen Sources in the Lower Laguna Madre, Western Gulf of Mexico
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Cuddy, Meaghan R. and Dunton, Kenneth H.
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- 2023
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18. Chromatin reprogramming and bone regeneration in vitro and in vivo via the microtopography-induced constriction of cell nuclei
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Wang, Xinlong, Agrawal, Vasundhara, Dunton, Cody L., Liu, Yugang, Virk, Ranya K. A., Patel, Priyam A., Carter, Lucas, Pujadas, Emily M., Li, Yue, Jain, Surbhi, Wang, Hao, Ni, Na, Tsai, Hsiu-Ming, Rivera-Bolanos, Nancy, Frederick, Jane, Roth, Eric, Bleher, Reiner, Duan, Chongwen, Ntziachristos, Panagiotis, He, Tong Chuan, Reid, Russell R., Jiang, Bin, Subramanian, Hariharan, Backman, Vadim, and Ameer, Guillermo A.
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- 2023
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19. Rethinking Backbones in Collective Impact: Examining a Broadening STEM Participation Program as a Feminist Matrix Organization
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Fox, Anna, Mwangi, Chrystal George, Pachucki, Mark, Wells, Ryan, Dasgupta, Buju, Thoma, Hanni, Dunton, Sarah, and Kimball, Ezekiel
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- 2023
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20. Rapid sea level rise causes loss of seagrass meadows
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Kyle A. Capistrant-Fossa and Kenneth H. Dunton
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Geology ,QE1-996.5 ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Abstract As global declines in seagrass populations continue to cause great concern, long-term assessment of seagrass meadows show promise in furnishing valuable clues into fundamental causes of seagrass loss and drivers of environmental change. Here we report two long-term records of seagrass presence in western Gulf of Mexico coastal waters (Laguna Madre) that provided insight into their rapid decline in a relatively pristine ecosystem. Coincident with unprecedented increases in water depth starting in 2014 (14–25 mm y−1), monthly measurements at a deep edge fixed station revealed that two ubiquitous seagrass species (Halodule wrightii and Syringodium filiforme) vanished altogether in just five years; a subsequent basin-wide assessment revealed that seagrasses disappeared at 23% of 144 sentinel stations. Models that incorporate differing sea level rise scenarios and water depth thresholds reveal potential global losses of seagrass habitat (14,000 km2), with expansion into newly created shallow habitats constrained by altered natural shorelines.
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- 2024
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21. Fast Gaussian Process Posterior Mean Prediction via Local Cross Validation and Precomputation
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Dunton, Alec M., Priest, Benjamin W., and Muyskens, Amanda
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Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Mathematics - Numerical Analysis ,Statistics - Machine Learning ,60G15 ,G.3 - Abstract
Gaussian processes (GPs) are Bayesian non-parametric models useful in a myriad of applications. Despite their popularity, the cost of GP predictions (quadratic storage and cubic complexity with respect to the number of training points) remains a hurdle in applying GPs to large data. We present a fast posterior mean prediction algorithm called FastMuyGPs to address this shortcoming. FastMuyGPs is based upon the MuyGPs hyperparameter estimation algorithm and utilizes a combination of leave-one-out cross-validation, batching, nearest neighbors sparsification, and precomputation to provide scalable, fast GP prediction. We demonstrate several benchmarks wherein FastMuyGPs prediction attains superior accuracy and competitive or superior runtime to both deep neural networks and state-of-the-art scalable GP algorithms., Comment: 9 pages content, 4 figures, 3 tables
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- 2022
22. Spatial and temporal determinants of particulate matter peak exposures during pregnancy and early postpartum
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Yisi Liu, Li Yi, Yan Xu, Jane Cabison, Sandrah P. Eckel, Tyler B. Mason, Daniel Chu, Nathana Lurvey, Deborah Lerner, Jill Johnston, Theresa M. Bastain, Shohreh F. Farzan, Carrie V. Breton, Genevieve F. Dunton, and Rima Habre
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Personal exposure ,Fine particulate matter ,Primary combustion ,Peak exposures ,Microenvironment ,Time-activity ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Background: Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure is an important environmental risk for maternal and children's health, with peak exposures especially those derived from primary combustion hypothesized to pose greater risk. Identifying PM2.5 peaks and their contributions to personal exposure remains challenging. This study measured personal PM2.5 exposure, characterized primary combustion peaks, and investigated their determinants during and after pregnancy and among Hispanic women in Los Angeles, CA. Methods: Continuous personal PM2.5 exposure, Global Positioning System geolocation, and ecological momentary assessment surveys were collected from 63 women for 4 consecutive days in their 1st trimester, 3rd trimester and 4–6 months postpartum. Based on the shape of PM2.5 time-series, primary combustion peaks were identified, characterized (number, duration, area under the curve [AUC]), and linked with locations they occurred in. Zero-inflated generalized mixed-effect models were used to examine the spatial and temporal determinants of PM2.5 peak exposures. Results: A total of 490 PM2.5 peaks were identified from 618 person-days of monitoring. Spending an additional minute at parks and open spaces was related to smaller (AUC decreased 3.1 %, 95 % CI: 1.5 %–4.6 %) and shorter (duration decreased 1.7 %, 0.5 %–2.9 %) PM2.5 peak exposure. An additional minute in vehicular trips also related to smaller and shorter peak exposure (AUC and duration decreased 2.5 %, 1.2 %–3.7 % and 1.8 %, 1.0 %–2.6 %, respectively). However, an additional minute at industrial locations was associated with greater number (3.6 %, 2.0 %–5.2 %), AUC (1.6 %, 0.1 %–3.2 %) and duration (1.0 %, 0.0 %–2.1 %) of personal PM2.5 peak exposure. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the potential to statistically identify exposure to primary combustion PM2.5 peaks and understand their determinants from personal monitoring data. Results suggest that visits to parks and open spaces may minimize PM2.5 peak exposures, while visiting industrial locations may increase them in and around pregnancy.
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- 2024
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23. Adherence to Recess Guidelines in the United States Using Nationally Representative Data: Implications for Future Surveillance Efforts
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Clevenger, Kimberly A., Dunton, Genevieve F., Katzmarzyk, Peter T., Pfeiffer, Karin A., and Berrigan, David
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Background: National adherence to the recess recommendations of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has not been comprehensively studied in the United States. Methods: Data from 6 nationally representative data sets over the last decade (Classification of Laws Associated with School Students, Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, National Youth Fitness Survey, School Health Policies and Practices Survey, and the School Nutrition and Meal Cost Study) provided estimates for adherence to CDC recess guidelines. Results: While approximately 65-80% of elementary school-children receive the recommended 20+ minutes of daily recess according to parent-, principal-, and school-report, adherence declines by sixth grade, and little information is available for middle/high school students. Adherence to playground safety was high (90%), but adherence to recommendations about recess before lunch (<50%), withholding recess as punishment (~50%), and training recess staff (<50%) were lower. Conclusions: School policy and practice should align with CDC recommendations, with the aim of providing sufficient quality recess to all youth, K-12th grade. Comprehensive, on-going national surveillance of multiple recess domains is needed to inform policy and ensure equitable provision of recess.
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- 2023
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24. The unseen patient: competing priorities between patients and providers when cannabis is used in pregnancy, a qualitative study
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Erin E. Gould, Siddhi S. Ganesh, Ryan Mikeala Nguyen, Carrie V. Breton, Theresa M. Bastain, Genevieve F. Dunton, and Rachel Carmen Ceasar
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pregnancy ,prenatal cannabis use ,healthcare provider knowledge ,maternal health ,substance use ,Gynecology and obstetrics ,RG1-991 ,Women. Feminism ,HQ1101-2030.7 - Abstract
ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore competing priorities when cannabis is used during pregnancy from the perspective of providers and Black and Latina people. Maternal cannabis use is increasingly common, but patients and providers alike struggle to navigate it.MethodsThis pilot used qualitative, constructivist ground theory methods to conduct semi-structured, remote interviews between 16 November 2021, and 7 February 2022 with 7 Black and Latina people who used cannabis during pregnancy, and 10 providers between 15 March 2022, and 6 April 2022, all of who were in Southern California, U.S.ResultsWe identified three main findings: (1) Providers reported barriers to caregiving and relationship building with patients due to maternal cannabis use stigma, (2) Providers prioritized the fetus despite patients’ current health system challenges that drove cannabis use, and (3) Both patients and providers engaged in personal research beyond the healthcare system to better understand maternal cannabis use.DiscussionOur findings indicate that challenges exist between people who use cannabis during pregnancy and providers. Both groups need accurate, sociocultural sensitive information about maternal cannabis use via a harm reduction lens.
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- 2024
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25. Marine Pelagic Ecosystem Responses to Climate Variability and Change
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Ducklow, Hugh, Cimino, Megan, Dunton, Kenneth H, Fraser, William R, Hopcroft, Russell R, Ji, Rubao, Miller, Arthur J, Ohman, Mark D, and Sosik, Heidi M
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Life Below Water ,Climate Action ,oceanography ,coastal ecosystems ,climate change ,ecology ,marine biology ,Environmental Sciences ,Biological Sciences ,Ecology - Abstract
abstract The marine coastal region makes up just 10% of the total area of the global ocean but contributes nearly 20% of its total primary production and over 80% of fisheries landings. Unicellular phytoplankton dominate primary production. Climate variability has had impacts on various marine ecosystems, but most sites are just approaching the age at which ecological responses to longer term, unidirectional climate trends might be distinguished. All five marine pelagic sites in the US Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) network are experiencing warming trends in surface air temperature. The marine physical system is responding at all sites with increasing mixed layer temperatures and decreasing depth and with declining sea ice cover at the two polar sites. Their ecological responses are more varied. Some sites show multiple population or ecosystem changes, whereas, at others, changes have not been detected, either because more time is needed or because they are not being measured.
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- 2022
26. Exploring the Effects of Perceived Stress on the Within-Person Relationships Between Daily Activity Levels and Sleep in Women: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study
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Liao, Yue, Robertson, Michael C., O’Connor, Sydney G., Naya, Christine H., Balachandran, Diwakar D., and Dunton, Genevieve F.
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- 2023
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27. Introduction
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Anna Fyta and Sara Dunton
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Language and Literature ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 - Published
- 2023
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28. Prospects for detecting axionlike particles at the Coherent CAPTAIN-Mills experiment
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Aguilar-Arevalo, A. A., Alves, D. S. M., Biedron, S., Boissevain, J., Borrego, M., Bugel, L., Chavez-Estrada, M., Conrad, J. M., Cooper, R. L., Diaz, A., Distel, J. R., D'Olivo, J. C., Dunton, E., Dutta, B., Fields, D., Gochanour, J. R., Gold, M., Guardincerri, E., Huang, E. C., Kamp, N., Kim, D., Knickerbocker, K., Louis, W. C., Lyles, J. T. M., Mahapatra, R., Maludze, S., Mirabal, J., Mishra, N., Newmark, D., deNiverville, P., Pandey, V., Poulson, D., Ray, H., Renner, E., Schaub, T. J., Schneider, A., Shaevitz, M. H., Smith, D., Sondheim, W., Szelc, A. M., Taylor, C., Thompson, A., Thompson, W. H., Tripathi, M., Thornton, R. T., Van Berg, R., Van de Water, R. G., and Verma, S.
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High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Experiment - Abstract
We show results from the Coherent CAPTAIN Mills (CCM) 2019 engineering run which begin to constrain regions of parameter space for axion-like particles (ALPs) produced in electromagnetic particle showers in an 800 MeV proton beam dump, and further investigate the sensitivity of ongoing data-taking campaigns for the CCM200 upgraded detector. Based on beam-on background estimates from the engineering run, we make realistic extrapolations for background reduction based on expected shielding improvements, reduced beam width, and analysis-based techniques for background rejection. We obtain reach projections for two classes of signatures; ALPs coupled primarily to photons can be produced in the tungsten target via the Primakoff process, and then produce a gamma-ray signal in the Liquid Argon (LAr) CCM detector either via inverse Primakoff scattering or decay to a photon pair. ALPs with significant electron couplings have several additional production mechanisms (Compton scattering, $e^+e^-$ annihilation, ALP-bremsstrahlung) and detection modes (inverse Compton scattering, external $e^+e^-$ pair conversion, and decay to $e^+e^-$). In some regions, the constraint is marginally better than both astrophysical and terrestrial constraints. With the beginning of a three year run, CCM will be more sensitive to this parameter space by up to an order of magnitude for both ALP-photon and ALP-electron couplings. The CCM experiment will also have sensitivity to well-motivated parameter space of QCD axion models. It is only a recent realization that accelerator-based large volume liquid argon detectors designed for low energy coherent neutrino and dark matter scattering searches are also ideal for probing ALPs in the unexplored $\sim$MeV mass scale., Comment: Accepted for publication in Physical Review D, in production
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- 2021
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29. Identifying the Leading Sources of Saturated Fat and Added Sugar in U.S. Adults
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Christopher A. Taylor, Peter Madril, Rick Weiss, Cynthia A. Thomson, Genevieve F. Dunton, Michelle R. Jospe, Kelli M. Richardson, Edward J. Bedrick, and Susan M. Schembre
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saturated fat ,added sugars ,dietary assessment ,dietary surveillance ,dietary intakes ,ecological momentary assessment ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
The 2020–2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend limiting intakes of saturated fat and added sugars (SF/AS) to 88% of the representative sample of U.S. adults. The top sources of SF were cheese, pizza, ice cream, and eggs. The leading sources of AS were soft drinks, tea, fruit drinks, and cakes and pies. This analysis reflects a parsimonious approach to reliably identify foods and beverages that contribute to SF/AS intakes in U.S. adults.
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- 2024
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30. First Leptophobic Dark Matter Search from Coherent CAPTAIN-Mills
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Aguilar-Arevalo, A. A., Alves, D. S. M., Biedron, S., Boissevain, J., Borrego, M., Chavez-Estrada, M., Chavez, A., Conrad, J. M., Cooper, R. L., Diaz, A., Distel, J. R., D'Olivo, J. C., Dunton, E., Dutta, B., Elliott, A., Evans, D., Fields, D., Greenwood, J., Gold, M., Gordon, J., Guarincerri, E., Huang, E. C., Kamp, N., Kelsey, C., Knickerbocker, K., Lake, R., Louis, W. C., Mahapatra, R., Maludze, S., Mirabal, J., Moreno, R., Neog, H., deNiverville, P., Pandey, V., Plata-Salas, J., Poulson, D., Ray, H., Renner, E., Schaub, T. J., Shaevitz, M. H., Smith, D., Sondheim, W., Szelc, A. M., Taylor, C., Thompson, W. H., Tripathi, M., Thornton, R. T., Van Berg, R., Van de Water, R. G., Verma, S., and Walker, K.
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High Energy Physics - Experiment - Abstract
We report the first results of a search for leptophobic dark matter (DM) from the Coherent CAPTAIN-Mills (CCM) liquid argon (LAr) detector. An engineering run with 120 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) and $17.9 \times 10^{20}$ protons-on-target (POT) was performed in Fall 2019 to study the characteristics of the CCM detector. The operation of this 10-ton detector was strictly light-based with a threshold of 50 keV and used coherent elastic scattering off argon nuclei to detect DM. Despite only 1.5 months of accumulated luminosity, contaminated LAr, and non-optimized shielding, CCM's first engineering run already achieved sensitivity to previously unexplored parameter space of light dark matter (LDM) models with a baryonic vector portal. With an expected background of 115,005 events, we observe 115,005+16.5 events which is compatible with background expectations. For a benchmark mediator-to-dark matter mass ratio of $m_{_{V_B}}/m_{\chi}=2.1$, DM masses within the range $9\,\text{MeV} \lesssim m_\chi \lesssim 50\,\text{MeV}$ have been excluded at 90% C.L. in the leptophobic model after applying the Feldman-Cousins test statistic. CCM's upgraded run with 200 PMTs, filtered LAr, improved shielding, and ten times more POT will be able to exclude the remaining thermal relic density parameter space of this model, as well as probe new parameter space of other leptophobic DM models.
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- 2021
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31. Prenatal exposures to organophosphate ester metabolite mixtures and children’s neurobehavioral outcomes in the MADRES pregnancy cohort
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Hernandez-Castro, Ixel, Eckel, Sandrah P., Howe, Caitlin G., Niu, Zhongzheng, Kannan, Kurunthachalam, Robinson, Morgan, Foley, Helen B., Yang, Tingyu, Vigil, Mario J., Chen, Xinci, Grubbs, Brendan, Lerner, Deborah, Lurvey, Nathana, Al-Marayati, Laila, Habre, Rima, Dunton, Genevieve F., Farzan, Shohreh F., Aung, Max T., Breton, Carrie V., and Bastain, Theresa M.
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- 2023
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32. Maternal Dietary Patterns During Pregnancy Are Linked to Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy Among a Predominantly Low‐Income US Hispanic/Latina Pregnancy Cohort
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Luis E. Maldonado, Theresa M. Bastain, Claudia M. Toledo‐Corral, Genevieve F. Dunton, Rima Habre, Sandrah P. Eckel, Tingyu Yang, Brendan H. Grubbs, Thomas Chavez, Laila A. Al‐Marayati, Carrie V. Breton, and Shohreh F. Farzan
- Subjects
dietary patterns ,health disparities ,Healthy Eating Index ,Hispanic/Latina women ,hypertensive disorders of pregnancy ,MADRES ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Background Diet during pregnancy may be a potential intervention for preventing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy that disproportionally burdens Hispanic/Latina women. Methods and Results The MADRES (Maternal And Developmental Risks from Environmental and Social stressors) study (n=451) is a prospective pregnancy cohort of predominantly low‐income Hispanic/Latina women in Los Angeles, California, who completed up to 2 staff‐administered 24‐hour dietary recalls in the third trimester of pregnancy. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were abstracted from medical records and based on a physician's diagnosis or systolic or diastolic blood pressure (≥140 or ≥90 mm Hg, respectively) at ≥2 consecutive prenatal visits. Using multivariable logistic regression, we evaluated associations of 2 previously derived dietary patterns in this population (solid fats, refined grains, and cheese and vegetables, oils, and fruit) and the Healthy Eating Index 2015 with (1) gestational hypertension, (2) preeclampsia, and (3) any hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (either gestational hypertension or preeclampsia). In separate models, we additionally tested interactions with prepregnancy body mass index. Comparing highest‐to‐lowest quartiles, the solid fats, refined grains, and cheese dietary pattern was associated with an increased odds of any hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (odds ratio [OR], 3.99 [95% CI, 1.44–11.0]; Ptrend=0.014) and preeclampsia (OR, 4.10 [95% CI, 1.25–13.5]; Ptrend=0.036), whereas the vegetables, oils, and fruit pattern was associated with reduced odds of preeclampsia (OR, 0.32 [95% CI, 0.10–0.99]; Ptrend=0.041). Among the overweight prepregnancy body mass index category, inverse associations of vegetables, oils, and fruit and Healthy Eating Index 2015 with preeclampsia were more pronounced (both Pinteractions=0.017). Healthy Eating Index 2015 findings were generally nonsignificant. Conclusions While the solid fats, refined grains, and cheese diet was strongly associated with preeclampsia during pregnancy, findings suggest the vegetables, oils, and fruit diet may be more relevant than Healthy Eating Index 2015 for preventing preeclampsia among low‐income Hispanic/Latina women.
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- 2024
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33. Long‐term effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on children's physical activity and sedentary behavior
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Kristen N. Moore, Bridgette Do, Shirlene D. Wang, Kelsey McAlister, Tiffany M. Chapman, Britni R. Belcher, and Genevieve F. Dunton
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coronavirus ,health behaviors ,parent reported ,questionnaire ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 - Abstract
Abstract Background During the early months of the COVID‐19 pandemic, decreases in physical activity (PA) and increases in sedentary behavior (SB) were reported among children in the United States (U.S.). This follow‐up analysis examines 13‐month effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on children's PA and SB one year into the pandemic. Methods Parents of 5–13‐year‐old children in the U.S. (N = 71) reported on their child's PA and SB during the early COVID‐19 period (April‐May 2020) and again 12–14 months later (June‐July 2021). Results Paired t‐tests showed significant within‐subject reductions in SB minutes per day (Mdiff = −86.20, t = 3.26, p
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- 2024
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34. Formamide denaturation of double-stranded DNA for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) distorts nanoscale chromatin structure.
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Anne R Shim, Jane Frederick, Emily M Pujadas, Tiffany Kuo, I Chae Ye, Joshua A Pritchard, Cody L Dunton, Paola Carrillo Gonzalez, Nicolas Acosta, Surbhi Jain, Nicholas M Anthony, Luay M Almassalha, Igal Szleifer, and Vadim Backman
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
As imaging techniques rapidly evolve to probe nanoscale genome organization at higher resolution, it is critical to consider how the reagents and procedures involved in sample preparation affect chromatin at the relevant length scales. Here, we investigate the effects of fluorescent labeling of DNA sequences within chromatin using the gold standard technique of three-dimensional fluorescence in situ hybridization (3D FISH). The chemical reagents involved in the 3D FISH protocol, specifically formamide, cause significant alterations to the sub-200 nm (sub-Mbp) chromatin structure. Alternatively, two labeling methods that do not rely on formamide denaturation, resolution after single-strand exonuclease resection (RASER)-FISH and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Sirius, had minimal impact on the three-dimensional organization of chromatin. We present a polymer physics-based analysis of these protocols with guidelines for their interpretation when assessing chromatin structure using currently available techniques.
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- 2024
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35. Daily Associations of Air Pollution and Pediatric Asthma Risk Using the Biomedical REAI-Time Health Evaluation (BREATHE) Kit
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Hao, Hua, Eckel, Sandrah P, Hosseini, Anahita, Van Vliet, Eleanne DS, Dzubur, Eldin, Dunton, Genevieve, Chang, Shih Ying, Craig, Kenneth, Rocchio, Rose, Bastain, Theresa, Gilliland, Frank, Okelo, Sande, Ross, Mindy K, Sarrafzadeh, Majid, Bui, Alex AT, and Habre, Rima
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Epidemiology ,Environmental Sciences ,Pollution and Contamination ,Health Sciences ,Asthma ,Pediatric Research Initiative ,Lung ,Clinical Research ,Pediatric ,Climate-Related Exposures and Conditions ,Respiratory ,Good Health and Well Being ,Air Pollutants ,Air Pollution ,Child ,Environmental Exposure ,Humans ,Nitrogen Dioxide ,Ozone ,Particulate Matter ,personal air pollution ,pediatric asthma ,sensors ,GPS ,mobile health ,PRISMS ,Toxicology - Abstract
Background: Exposure to air pollution is associated with acute pediatric asthma exacerbations, including reduced lung function, rescue medication usage, and increased symptoms; however, most studies are limited in investigating longitudinal changes in these acute effects. This study aims to investigate the effects of daily air pollution exposure on acute pediatric asthma exacerbation risk using a repeated-measures design. Methods: We conducted a panel study of 40 children aged 8−16 years with moderate-to-severe asthma. We deployed the Biomedical REAI-Time Health Evaluation (BREATHE) Kit developed in the Los Angeles PRISMS Center to continuously monitor personal exposure to particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 µm (PM2.5), relative humidity and temperature, geolocation (GPS), and asthma outcomes including lung function, medication use, and symptoms for 14 days. Hourly ambient (PM2.5, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3)) and traffic-related (nitrogen oxides (NOx) and PM2.5) air pollution exposures were modeled based on location. We used mixed-effects models to examine the association of same day and lagged (up to 2 days) exposures with daily changes in % predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and % predicted peak expiratory flow (PEF), count of rescue inhaler puffs, and symptoms. Results: Participants were on average 12.0 years old (range: 8.4−16.8) with mean (SD) morning %predicted FEV1 of 67.9% (17.3%) and PEF of 69.1% (18.4%) and 1.4 (3.5) puffs per day of rescue inhaler use. Participants reported chest tightness, wheeze, trouble breathing, and cough symptoms on 36.4%, 17.5%, 32.3%, and 42.9%, respectively (n = 217 person-days). One SD increase in previous day O3 exposure was associated with reduced morning (beta [95% CI]: −4.11 [−6.86, −1.36]), evening (−2.65 [−5.19, −0.10]) and daily average %predicted FEV1 (−3.45 [−6.42, −0.47]). Daily (lag 0) exposure to traffic-related PM2.5 exposure was associated with reduced morning %predicted PEF (−3.97 [−7.69, −0.26]) and greater odds of “feeling scared of trouble breathing” symptom (odds ratio [95% CI]: 1.83 [1.03, 3.24]). Exposure to ambient O3, NOx, and NO was significantly associated with increased rescue inhaler use (rate ratio [95% CI]: O3 1.52 [1.02, 2.27], NOx 1.61 [1.23, 2.11], NO 1.80 [1.37, 2.35]). Conclusions: We found significant associations of air pollution exposure with lung function, rescue inhaler use, and “feeling scared of trouble breathing.” Our study demonstrates the potential of informatics and wearable sensor technologies at collecting highly resolved, contextual, and personal exposure data for understanding acute pediatric asthma triggers.
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- 2022
36. First Dark Matter Search Results From Coherent CAPTAIN-Mills
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Aguilar-Arevalo, A. A., Biedron, S., Boissevain, J., Borrego, M., Chavez-Estrada, M., Chavez, A., Conrad, J. M., Cooper, R. L., Diaz, A., Distel, J. R., D'Olivo, J., Dunton, E., Dutta, B., Elliott, A., Evans, D., Fields, D., Greenwood, J., Gold, M., Gordon, J., Guarincerri, E. D., Huang, E. C., Kamp, N., Kelsey, C., Knickerbocker, K., Lake, R., Louis, W. C., Mahapatra, R., Maludze, S., Mirabal, J., Moreno, R., Neog, H., deNiverville, P., Pandey, V., Plata-Salas, J., Poulson, D., Ray, H., Renner, E., Schaub, T. J., Shaevitz, M. H., Smith, D., Sondheim, W., Szelc, A. M., Taylor, C., Thompson, W. H., Tripathi, M., Thornton, R. T., Van Berg, R., Van de Water, R. G., Verma, S., and Walker, K.
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High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors - Abstract
This paper describes the operation of the Coherent CAPTAIN-Mills (CCM) detector located at the Lujan Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). CCM is a 10-ton liquid argon (LAr) detector located 20 meters from a high flux neutron/neutrino source and is designed to search for sterile neutrinos ($\nu_s$) and light dark matter (LDM). An engineering run was performed in Fall 2019 to study the characteristics of the CCM120 detector by searching for coherent scattering signals consistent with $\nu_s$'s and LDM resulting from $\pi^+$ and $\pi^0$ decays in the tungsten target. New parameter space in a leptophobic dark matter model was excluded for DM masses between $\sim2.0$ and 30 MeV. The lessons learned from this run have guided the development and construction of the new CCM200 detector that will begin operations in 2021 and significantly improve on these searches.
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- 2021
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37. Deterministic matrix sketches for low-rank compression of high-dimensional simulation data
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Dunton, Alec Michael and Doostan, Alireza
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Mathematics - Numerical Analysis ,65F30 - Abstract
Matrices arising in scientific applications frequently admit linear low-rank approximations due to smoothness in the physical and/or temporal domain of the problem. In large-scale problems, computing an optimal low-rank approximation can be prohibitively expensive. Matrix sketching addresses this by reducing the input matrix to a smaller, but representative matrix via a low-dimensional linear embedding. If the sketch matrix produced by the embedding captures sufficient geometric properties of the original matrix, then a near-optimal approximation may be obtained. Much of the work done in matrix sketching has centered on random projection. Alternatively, in this work, deterministic matrix sketches which generate coarse representations, compatible with the corresponding PDE solve, are considered in the computation of the singular value decomposition and matrix interpolative decomposition. The deterministic sketching approaches in this work have many advantages over randomized sketches. Broadly, randomized sketches are data-agnostic, whereas the proposed sketching methods exploit structures within data generated in complex PDE systems. These deterministic sketches are often faster, require access to a small fraction of the input matrix, and do not need to be explicitly constructed. A novel single-pass, i.e., requiring one read over the input, power iteration algorithm is also presented. The power iteration method is particularly effective in improving low-rank approximations when the singular value decay of data is slow. Finally, theoretical error bounds and estimates, as well as numerical results across three application problems, are provided., Comment: 30 pages, 14 figures
- Published
- 2021
38. Prenatal exposures to organophosphate ester metabolite mixtures and children’s neurobehavioral outcomes in the MADRES pregnancy cohort
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Ixel Hernandez-Castro, Sandrah P. Eckel, Caitlin G. Howe, Zhongzheng Niu, Kurunthachalam Kannan, Morgan Robinson, Helen B. Foley, Tingyu Yang, Mario J. Vigil, Xinci Chen, Brendan Grubbs, Deborah Lerner, Nathana Lurvey, Laila Al-Marayati, Rima Habre, Genevieve F. Dunton, Shohreh F. Farzan, Max T. Aung, Carrie V. Breton, and Theresa M. Bastain
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Mixtures ,OPE ,Organophosphate esters ,OPFRs ,Neurobehavior ,Early childhood ,Industrial medicine. Industrial hygiene ,RC963-969 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Evidence suggests organophosphate esters (OPEs) are neurotoxic; however, the epidemiological literature remains scarce. We investigated whether prenatal exposures to OPEs were associated with child neurobehavior in the MADRES cohort. Methods We measured nine OPE metabolites in 204 maternal urine samples (gestational age at collection: 31.4 ± 1.8 weeks). Neurobehavior problems were assessed among 36-month-old children using the Child Behavior Checklist’s (CBCL) three composite scales [internalizing, externalizing, and total problems]. We examined associations between tertiles of prenatal OPE metabolites (> 50% detection) and detect/non-detect categories (
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- 2023
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39. Task-parallel in-situ temporal compression of large-scale computational fluid dynamics data
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Pacella, Heather, Dunton, Alec, Doostan, Alireza, and Iaccarino, Gianluca
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Computer Science - Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science - Abstract
Present day computational fluid dynamics simulations generate extremely large amounts of data, sometimes on the order of TB/s. Often, a significant fraction of this data is discarded because current storage systems are unable to keep pace. To address this, data compression algorithms can be applied to data arrays containing flow quantities of interest to reduce the overall amount of storage. Compression methods either exactly reconstruct the original dataset (lossless compression) or provide an approximate representation of the original dataset (lossy compression). The matrix column interpolative decomposition (ID) can be implemented as a type of lossy compression for data matrices that factors the original data matrix into a product of two smaller factor matrices. One of these matrices consists of a subset of the columns of the original data matrix, while the other is a coefficient matrix which approximates the columns of the original data matrix as linear combinations of the selected columns. Motivating this work is the observation that the structure of ID algorithms makes them a natural fit for the asynchronous nature of task-based parallelism; they are able to operate independently on sub-domains of the system of interest and, as a result, provide varied levels of compression. Using the task-based Legion programming model, a single-pass ID algorithm (SPID) for CFD applications is implemented. Performance studies, scalability, and the accuracy of the compression algorithms are presented for an analytical Taylor-Green vortex problem, followed by a large-scale implementation of a compressible Taylor-Green vortex using a high-order Navier-Stokes solver. In both cases, compression factors exceeding 100 are achieved with relative errors at or below 10e-3. Moreover, strong and weak scaling results demonstrate that introducing SPID to solvers leads to negligible increases in runtime., Comment: There are 32 pages and 24 figures
- Published
- 2021
40. Experimental evidence suggests that broadcasting rail calls overnight can influence broad-scale site selection by migrating rails
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Dustin E Brewer, Thomas M Gehring, Michael P. Ward, Eric M. Dunton, and Rachael Pierce
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audio playback ,conspecific attraction ,habitat ,migration ,secretive marsh bird ,sora ,virginia rail ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 - Abstract
Broadcasting conspecific calls during migration is known to attract some focal species. Our goal was to determine if broadcasting rail calls overnight during spring migration could influence site selection by Virginia Rails ( Rallus limicola ), Soras ( Porzana carolina ), Yellow Rails ( Coturnicops noveboracensis ), and King Rails ( Rallus elegans ); if so, we sought to identify the scale at which this effect occurred. We completed in-person marsh bird surveys in 2021 (the ‘control’ year) and in 2022, when we experimentally broadcast vocalizations of focal species overnight in central Michigan at study sites that ranged from lower-quality to higher-quality habitat. In 2022, we also used autonomous recording units (ARUs) to document arrival dates and presence. Soras and Virginia Rails were the only focal species detected during in-person surveys, though a King Rail was opportunistically detected during the experimental year. We detected a mean of 0.86 ± 0.38 [SE] more rails per survey point (a 218% increase) in the experimental year compared to the control year within the same wetland units. This effect was most pronounced in higher-quality habitat. Citizen science (eBird) data indicated increased rail abundance and occurrence at our study sites during our experimental and post-experimental years, but not our control year, relative to the eight years before field work began. We did not find differences in rail abundance between locations that varied in proximity to overnight playback. ARU data provided preliminary evidence that, in lower-quality habitat, focal species tended to arrive ≥2 weeks earlier in the immediate vicinity of playback stations. Our results suggest that broadcasting overnight playback of the calls of focal species could influence site selection by rails, especially in concert with habitat restoration initiatives, though effects may extend beyond the immediate vicinity where playback is broadcast.
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- 2024
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41. Mixed precision matrix interpolative decompositions for model reduction
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Dunton, Alec Michael and Fox, Alyson
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Mathematics - Numerical Analysis ,Physics - Computational Physics ,65F55 - Abstract
Renewed interest in mixed-precision algorithms has emerged due to growing data capacity and bandwidth concerns, as well as the advancement of GPUs, which enable significant speedup for low precision arithmetic. In light of this, we propose a mixed-precision algorithm to generate a double-precision accurate matrix interpolative decomposition approximation under a given set of criteria. Though low precision arithmetic suffers from quicker accumulation of round-off error, for many data-rich applications we nevertheless attain viable approximation accuracy, as the error incurred using low precision arithmetic is dominated by the error inherent to low-rank approximation. We then conduct several simulated numerical tests to demonstrate the efficacy of the algorithms and the corresponding error estimates. Finally, we present the application of our algorithms to a problem in model reduction for particle-laden turbulent flow.
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- 2020
42. The disciplinary scholarship of teaching and learning in political science and international relations: methods, topics, and impact
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Murphy, Michael P. A., Heffernan, Andrew, Dunton, Caroline, and Arsenault, Amelia C.
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- 2023
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43. Quality Indicators in Critical Access Hospitals, Small Rural, and Urban Hospitals
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Marianne Baernholdt, Nancy Dunton, Elizabeth M. Grandfield, and Emily Cramer
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Nursing ,RT1-120 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Purpose: Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs) have served their rural communities since they were created in the 1990s. CAHs have been exempt from the multiple organizational performance-based approaches that use financial incentives and thus quality indicators targeting CAHs specifically do not exist. Reports have suggested indicators that are appropriate for rural hospitals and CAHs but none have included all types of quality indicators - structures, work processes, outcomes, and quality improvement (QI) activities. Using a subset of the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators® (NDNQI®) we assessed whether existing indicators for the work environment (structure), patient - and nurse outcomes are appropriate for CAHs. Methods: Using 2017 NDNQI® data on 16 structure and outcome indicators (8 work environment, 6 patient- and 2 nurse outcomes) were extracted. Employing bootstrapped confidence intervals CAHs were compared to other small (less than 50 beds) rural and urban hospitals. Findings: 103 CAHs, 63 small rural hospitals and 91 small urban hospitals had data on at least one indicator (range 87-239 for each indicator). There were no differences between CAHs and other small rural and urban hospitals for 15 of the 16 quality indicators. CAHs had fewer bachelor prepared nurses compared to urban hospitals. Conclusion: Our results suggest that quality indicators for structure and outcomes currently used in approximately 2000 hospitals are also applicable for CAHs. Whether they apply to all 1350 CAHs and can be used to guide benchmarking and QI in CAHs needs further study. Keywords: Critical Access Hospitals, Quality Indicators, National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators® DOI: https://doi.org/10.14574/ojrnhc.v23i1.733
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- 2023
44. Scaling Graph Clustering with Distributed Sketches
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Priest, Benjamin W., Dunton, Alec, and Sanders, Geoffrey
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Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Statistics - Machine Learning - Abstract
The unsupervised learning of community structure, in particular the partitioning vertices into clusters or communities, is a canonical and well-studied problem in exploratory graph analysis. However, like most graph analyses the introduction of immense scale presents challenges to traditional methods. Spectral clustering in distributed memory, for example, requires hundreds of expensive bulk-synchronous communication rounds to compute an embedding of vertices to a few eigenvectors of a graph associated matrix. Furthermore, the whole computation may need to be repeated if the underlying graph changes some low percentage of edge updates. We present a method inspired by spectral clustering where we instead use matrix sketches derived from random dimension-reducing projections. We show that our method produces embeddings that yield performant clustering results given a fully-dynamic stochastic block model stream using both the fast Johnson-Lindenstrauss and CountSketch transforms. We also discuss the effects of stochastic block model parameters upon the required dimensionality of the subsequent embeddings, and show how random projections could significantly improve the performance of graph clustering in distributed memory., Comment: 9 pages, submitted to IEEE HPEC Graph Challenge 2020, comments welcome
- Published
- 2020
45. Common ecological indicators identify changes in seagrass condition following disturbances in the Gulf of Mexico
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Victoria M. Congdon, Margaret O. Hall, Bradley T. Furman, Justin E. Campbell, Michael J. Durako, Kathleen L. Goodin, and Kenneth H. Dunton
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Bioindicator ,Morphometric ,Texas ,Florida Bay ,Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary ,Disturbance ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 - Abstract
Seagrasses are long-lived, clonal plants that can integrate fluctuations in environmental conditions over a range of temporal scales, from days to years, and can act as barometers of coastal change. There are many estimated seagrass traits and ecosystem parameters that have the potential to reflect ecosystem status, linking seagrass condition to natural and anthropogenic drivers of change. We identified five seagrass indicators and seven metrics that are suitable, affordable and frequently measured by 38 monitoring programs across the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). A specific set of ratings and assessment points were formulated for each measurable metric. We determined metric ratings (Acceptable, Concerning, Alarming) and validated assessment points using long-term monitoring data from Texas and Florida, coupled with existing literature and input from a panel of seagrass biologists. We reported scores using a blue-gray-orange (Acceptable-Concerning-Alarming) scale to summarize information in a format accessible to the public, resource managers, stakeholders, and policymakers. Seagrass percent cover, shoot allometry and species composition were sensitive indicators of large-scale climatic disturbances (droughts, hurricanes). Severe drought led to reductions in total seagrass cover and leaf length in Upper Laguna Madre, Texas, and Florida Bay; however, Syringodium filiforme was disproportionally affected in Texas while Thalassia testudinum beds responded strongly to drought impacts in Florida. Hurricanes Harvey (TX) and Irma (FL) also resulted in loss of seagrass cover and diminished leaf length in the Texas Coastal Bend and Florida Keys; both storms largely impacted T. testudinum and to a lesser extent, S. filiforme. Many of the metrics within these affected bays and basins received either a “Concerning” or “Alarming” rating, driven by the impacts of these disturbances. Our proposed indicators serve as a tool to evaluate seagrass condition at the bay or basin scale. Moreover, the indicators, metrics, and assessment points are amenable to large-scale evaluations of ecosystem condition because they are economically feasible. This framework may provide the foundation for a comprehensive assessment of seagrass status and trends across the entire GoM.
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- 2023
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46. Variants of IL6, IL10, FCN2, RNASE3, IL12B and IL17B loci are associated with Schistosoma mansoni worm burden in the Albert Nile region of Uganda.
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Oscar Asanya Nyangiri, Julius Mulindwa, Joyce Namulondo, Anna Kitibwa, Jacent Nassuuna, Alison Elliott, Magambo Phillip Kimuda, Alex Boobo, Barbara Nerima, Moses Adriko, Nathan J Dunton, Gaganjit Kaur Madhan, Mark Kristiansen, Miriam Casacuberta-Partal, Harry Noyes, Enock Matovu, and TrypanoGEN+ Research group of the H3Africa consortium
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
BackgroundIndividuals genetically susceptible to high schistosomiasis worm burden may contribute disproportionately to transmission and could be prioritized for control. Identifying genes involved may guide development of therapy.Methodology/principal findingsA cohort of 606 children aged 10-15 years were recruited in the Albert Nile region of Uganda and assessed for Schistosoma mansoni worm burden using the Up-Converting Particle Lateral Flow (UCP-LF) test detecting circulating anodic antigen (CAA), point-of-care Circulating Cathodic Antigen (POC-CCA) and Kato-Katz tests. Whole genome genotyping was conducted on 326 children comprising the top and bottom 25% of worm burden. Linear models were fitted to identify variants associated with worm burden in preselected candidate genes. Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis was conducted for candidate genes with UCP-LF worm burden included as a covariate. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism loci associated with UCP-LF CAA included IL6 rs2066992 (OR = 0.43, p = 0.0006) and rs7793163 (OR = 2.0, p = 0.0007); IL21 SNP kgp513476 (OR 1.79, p = 0.0025) and IL17B SNP kgp708159 (OR = 0.35, p = 0.0028). A haplotype in the IL10 locus was associated with lower worm burden (OR = 0.53, p = 0.015) and overlapped SNPs rs1800896, rs1800871 and rs1800872. Significant haplotypes (pConclusionsVariants associated with S. mansoni worm burden were in IL6, FCN2, RNASE3, IL10, IL12B and IL17B gene loci. However only eQTL associations remained significant after Bonferroni correction. In summary, immune balance, pathogen recognition and Th17 pathways may play a role in modulating Schistosoma worm burden. Individuals carrying risk variants may be targeted first in allocation of control efforts to reduce the burden of schistosomiasis in the community.
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- 2023
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47. Methods for Estimating Long-Term Outcomes for Trastuzumab Deruxtecan in HER2-Positive Unresectable or Metastatic Breast Cancer After Two or More Anti-HER2 Therapies
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Dunton, Kyle, Vondeling, Gerard, Hancock, Elizabeth, Petrou, Margaret, Burn, Oliver, and Paine, Abby
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- 2022
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48. Day-level associations of physical activity and sedentary time in mother–child dyads across three years: a multi-wave longitudinal study using accelerometers
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Yang, Chih-Hsiang, Wang, Shirlene, Wang, Wei-Lin, Belcher, Britni R., and Dunton, Genevieve F.
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- 2022
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49. Editorial: Motivation states and hedonic motivation for physical activity, exercise, and sport vs. sedentary behaviors
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Matthew A. Stults-Kolehmainen, Genevieve Dunton, Daniel Boullosa, Garrett I. Ash, and Alberto Filgueiras
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motivation ,affectively charged motivation states ,physical activity ,exercise ,sedentarism ,exercise psychology ,Sports ,GV557-1198.995 - Published
- 2023
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50. Shielding Design for the ISODAR Neutrino Experiment
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Bungau, Adriana, Alonso, Jose, Bartoszek, Larry, Conrad, Janet M., Dunton, Edward, and Shaevitz, Michael H.
- Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors - Abstract
The IsoDAR sterile-neutrino search requires a very high intensity neutrino source. For IsoDAR, this high intensity is produced using the high neutron flux from a 60 MeV, 10 mA proton beam striking a beryllium target that floods a sleeve of highly-enriched Li-7. Through neutron capture the Li-7 is transmuted to Li-8, which beta-decays giving the desired high neutrino flux for very-short baseline neutrino experiments. The target can be placed very close to can existing large neutrino detector, which is typically located deep underground to reduce backgrounds. With such a setup, it is necessary to design a shielding enclosure for the target to prevent neutrons from causing unacceptable activation of the rock walls close to the target. Various materials have been studied including steel to thermalize the high energy neutrons and two new types of concrete developed by Jefferson Laboratory, one very light with shredded plastic aggregate, and the other one enriched with high quantities of boron. The shielding is asymmetrical, having a larger thickness towards the detector in order to suppress the neutron and gamma background in the neutrino detector. Simulation results for rock activation and for detector backgrounds are presented.
- Published
- 2019
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