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In this article we experimentally evaluate Colombia's Think Equal program, which teaches socioemotional skills to children ages 3 to 6. Given the context of COVID-19, the original design was adapted as a hybrid model, alternating in-person and remote instruction and engaging families in the implementation of the curriculum. We found that the program had positive effects on children's prosocial behavior, self-awareness, and cognitive learning. The intervention also had an impact on the education center's personnel (community mothers) and caregivers implementing the activities. Treated community mothers had higher levels of empathy, lower negative health symptoms, better pedagogical practices, and a closer relationship with the children's caregivers compared with those in the control group. Treated caregivers had better stimulation practices and lower negative health symptoms compared with those in the control group. These findings suggest that a well-designed intervention has the potential to develop socioemotional skills in children at an early age and, at the same time, to develop capacities in those who implement the activities. Our results have important implications for the design, implementation, and evaluation of early childhood socioemotional learning programs and provide novel evidence about the challenges faced by interventions combining face-to-face and remote learning.

Abstract Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) is associated with a large clinical and economic burden. However, consensus on the optimal approach to CAD diagnosis is lacking. This study sought to compare downstream healthcare resource utilisation following different cardiac imaging modalities, to inform test selection for CAD diagnosis. Methods Claims and electronic health records data from the Decision Resources Group Real-World Evidence US Data Repository were analysed for 2.5 million US patients who underwent single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT MPI), positron emission tomography myocardial perfusion imaging (PET MPI), coronary computed tomography angiography (cCTA), or stress echocardiography between January 2016 and March 2018. Patients were stratified into nine cohorts based on suspected or existing CAD diagnosis, pre-test risk, and prior events or interventions. Downstream healthcare utilisation, including additional diagnostic imaging, coronary angiography, and cardiac-related health system encounters, was compared by cohort and index imaging modality. Results Among patients with suspected CAD diagnosed within 3 months of the index test, PET MPI was associated with lower downstream utilisation; 25–37% of patients who underwent PET MPI required additional downstream healthcare resources compared with 40–49% of patients who received SPECT MPI, 35–41% of patients who underwent cCTA, and 44–47% of patients who received stress echocardiography. Patients who underwent PET MPI experienced fewer acute cardiac events (5.3–9.4%) and generally had lower rates of healthcare encounters (0.8–4.1%) and invasive coronary angiography (ICA, 15.4–24.2%) than those who underwent other modalities. SPECT MPI was associated with more downstream ICA (31.3–38.2%) and a higher rate of cardiac events (9.5–13.2%) compared with PET MPI (5.3–9.4%) and cCTA (6.9–9.9%). Across all cohorts, additional diagnostic imaging was 1.6 to 4.7 times more frequent with cCTA compared with PET MPI. Conclusion Choice of imaging modality for CAD diagnosis impacts downstream healthcare utilisation. PET MPI was associated with lower utilisation across multiple metrics compared with other imaging modalities studied.

Objetivo: el coronavirus del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave de tipo 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causa un gran espectro de síntomas, dentro de los que se incluyen manifestaciones gastrointestinales como náuseas, vómito, diarrea y dolor abdominal. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar si la presencia o no de dichos síntomas gastrointestinales podía estar relacionada con una progresión más grave de la enfermedad, entendida como muerte, necesidad de manejo en unidad de cuidados intensivos, ventilación mecánica o coinfección bacteriana. Pacientes y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional analítico de tipo cohorte con pacientes con covid-19 confirmado con síntomas gastrointestinales y un grupo comparador sin síntomas gastrointestinales. Los pacientes incluidos debían ser mayores de 18 años, que acudieran por sintomatología sugestiva de covid-19 y que se les confirmara el diagnóstico mediante una prueba de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa. Resultados: se analizó a un total de 414 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de selección y se encontró que la mortalidad solo está influenciada por la edad, mientras que la ventilación mecánica y la necesidad de manejo en la unidad de cuidados intensivos están relacionadas con el perfil de función hepática. Sin embargo, no se encontró ninguna diferencia en cuanto a la gravedad con respecto a los pacientes que sí presentaron síntomas gastrointestinales frente a los que no tenían síntomas. Conclusiones: los síntomas gastrointestinales de manera individual no representan un riesgo de progresión de la enfermedad por SARS-CoV-2; sin embargo, sí se debería incluir dentro de la valoración inicial de estos pacientes los niveles de alanina-aminotransferasa (ALT), aspartato-aminotransferasa (AST) y bilirrubina directa (BD), pues aportan un valor en cuanto al pronóstico según los resultados de nuestro estudio.

There is growing recognition that anti-poverty policies aimed at increasing access to assets, particularly durable goods, need to address the issue of gender-based developmentally-situated disparities. This study examined how different types of durable goods relate to academic achievement and school attendance in Colombia and whether this relationship varies by gender and school grade, expanding the geographic scope of existing literature on the subject to Latin America. Data for fifth and ninth-grade students with complete durable goods information (N = 364,436) from the 2017 SABER test, a nationwide examination that evaluates reading and math skills, were assessed using multilevel modeling. The results indicated that students whose families owned washing machines, computers or who had internet access performed better academically and were less likely to be absent from school, with larger effects for boys and fifth graders. This research contributes to the existing literature by illustrating the importance of durable goods on children's academic performance. The study recommends policymakers to support the formulation of asset-based policies that promote access to durable goods, particularly for girls and adolescents from low-income families.

Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo donde se evaluaron los análisis histopatológicos realizados a neoplasias de pacientes felinos y caninos en una clínica Veterinaria de la ciudad de Bogotá (Colombia) durante los años 2014 – 2023. Las muestras fueron obtenidas por biopsia incisional, biopsia excisional y biopsia por aspiración con aguja fina y fueron analizadas por medio de diagnóstico morfohistopatológico con tinciones de Hematoxilina y Eosina. Fueron analizadas 717 histopatologías entre perros y gatos, donde algunos individuos tenían dos o más tipos de neoplasias. Las neoplasias malignas tuvieron una casuística mayor comparado con las neoplasias benignas (60.67% y 39.33% respectivamente), se observó también que las neoplasias en piel son las más frecuentes (83.82%) seguidas de las neoplasias gastrointestinales (4.88%) y en bazo (4.88%). Las neoplasias en piel representaron una malignidad del 55.74% siendo un factor determinante entre los individuos la edad de 5 a 10 años. Este estudio permitió definir de una manera objetiva la frecuencia de presentación de casos neoplásicos en una clinica veterinaria de la ciudad de Bogotá. Sin embargo, son necesarios más estudios estandarizados y descentralizado para obtener la prevalencia actual de la ciudad.

Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo donde se evaluaron que los análisis histopatológicos realizados a neoplasias de pacientes felinos y caninos en una clínica Veterinaria de la ciudad de Bogotá (Colombia) en el periodo transcurrido entre los años 2014 – 2023, las muestras fueron obtenidas por biopsia incisional, biopsia excisional y biopsia por aspiración con aguja fina y fueron analizadas por medio de diagnóstico morfohistopatologico con tinciones de Hematoxilina y Eosina. Fueron analizadas 717 histopatologías entre perros y gatos, en donde algunos individuos tenían dos o más tipos de neoplasias. Las neoplasias malignas tuvieron una casuística mayor comparado con las neoplasias benignas (60.67% y 39.33% respectivamente), se observó también que las neoplasias en piel son las más frecuentes (83.82%) seguidas de las neoplasias gastrointestinales (4.88%) y en bazo (4.88%). Las neoplasias en piel representaron una malignidad del 55.74% siendo un factor determinante entre los individuos la edad de 5 a 10 años. Este estudio permitió definir de una manera objetiva la frecuencia de presentación de casos neoplásicos en la ciudad de Bogotá, sin embargo, son necesarios más estudios estandarizados y descentralizado para obtener la prevalencia real de la ciudad.

Biofilm formation by the pathobiont Haemophilus influenzae is associated with human nasopharynx colonization, otitis media in children, and chronic respiratory infections in adults suffering from chronic respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). β-lactam and quinolone antibiotics are commonly used to treat these infections. However, considering the resistance of biofilm-resident bacteria to antibiotic-mediated killing, the use of antibiotics may be insufficient and require being replaced or complemented with novel strategies. Moreover, unlike the standard minimal inhibitory concentration assay used to assess antibacterial activity against planktonic cells, standardization of methods to evaluate anti-biofilm drug activity is limited. In this work, we detail a panel of protocols for systematic analysis of drug antimicrobial effect on bacterial biofilms, customized to evaluate drug effects against H. influenzae biofilms. Testing of two cinnamaldehyde analogs, (E)-trans-2-nonenal and (E)-3-decen-2-one, demonstrated their effectiveness in both H. influenzae inhibition of biofilm formation and eradication or preformed biofilms. Assay complementarity allowed quantifying the dynamics and extent of the inhibitory effects, also observed for ampicillin resistant clinical strains forming biofilms refractory to this antibiotic. Moreover, cinnamaldehyde analog encapsulation into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) polymeric nanoparticles allowed drug vehiculization while maintaining efficacy. Overall, we demonstrate the usefulness of cinnamaldehyde analogs against H. influenzae biofilms, present a test panel that can be easily adapted to a wide range of pathogens and drugs, and highlight the benefits of drug nanoencapsulation towards safe controlled release.

Direct air capture (DAC) systems that capture carbon dioxide (CO2) directly from the atmosphere are garnering considerable attention for their potential role as negative emission technologies in achieving net-zero CO2 emission goals. Common DAC technologies are based either on liquid–solvent (L-DAC) or solid–sorbent (S-DAC) to capture CO2. A comprehensive multi-factor comparative economic analysis of the deployment of L-DAC and S-DAC facilities across various United States (U.S.) cities is presented in this paper. The analysis considers the influence of various factors on the favorability of DAC deployment, including local climatic conditions such as temperature, humidity, and CO2 concentrations; the availability of energy sources to power the DAC system; and costs for the transport and storage of the captured CO2 along with the consideration of the regional market and policy drivers. The deployment analysis in over 70 continental U.S. cities shows that L-DAC and S-DAC complement each other spatially, as their performance and operational costs vary in different climates. L-DAC is more suited to the hot, humid Southeast, while S-DAC is preferrable in the colder, drier Rocky Mountain region. Strategic deployment based on regional conditions and economics is essential for promoting the commercial adoptability of DAC, which is a critical technology to meet the CO2 reduction targets.

Background:: Human user authentication can be implemented by token-, keyword-, or identity-based mechanisms for digital environment session entry (i.e., smartphones, platforms with log-in). Physiological signals, such as ECG, have shown discriminative properties for user identity recognition. Due to ECG hidden nature, it is resilient to public trait exposition, light/noise saturation, or eavesdropping in contrast to fingerprint, facial, voice, or password approaches. ECG might fill those gaps toward a cooperative authentication environment. Methods:: This paper proposes a Deep Learning identification scenario in which the inclusion of sex recognition directs the input sample toward a sex-specialized identity classification model, simplifying the discrimination space for each model. The architecture proposed could be suitable for large populations. Our scheme worked with an ECG three-axis pseudo-orthogonal configuration in which each axis is transformed into a time-frequency space. Additionally, we combine each lead matrix in an RGB image, joining the contribution of each wavelet waveform. Results:: Our results suggest that it is possible to identify people by using RGB wavelet representations, achieving a classification average of 99.97%. In addition, the inclusion of the sex category for our identification purpose does not significantly affect the classification performance, making it a feasible solution for systems with a larger population. Conclusions:: With the features of our database, we have evidence that it is possible to recognize a person’s identity using an ECG sex recognition module through our proposed architecture.

IntroductionCandida parapsilosis, a pathogenic yeast associated with systemic infections, exhibits metabolic adaptability in response to nutrient availability.MethodsWe investigated the impact of RPMI glucose supplemented (RPMId), TSB, BHI and YPD media on C. parapsilosis growth, morphology, susceptibility (caspofungin and amphotericin B), and in vivo virulence (Galleria mellonella) in planktonic and biofilm states.ResultsHigh-glucose media favors growth but hinders metabolic activity and filamentation. Media promoting carbohydrate production reduces biofilm susceptibility. Virulence differences between planktonic cells and biofilm suspensions from the same media shows that biofilm-related factors influence infection outcome depending on nutrient availability. Pseudohyphal growth occurred in biofilms under low oxygen and shear stress, but its presence is not exclusively correlated with virulence.DiscussionThis study provides valuable insights into the intricate interplay between nutrient availability and C. parapsilosis pathogenicity. It emphasizes the importance of considering pathogen behavior in diverse conditions when designing research protocols and therapeutic strategies.

In comparison to research on assets and their impact on school performance, less research has been devoted to household assets. This article studies the relationship among durable goods, academic achievement, and school attendance in Colombia. Durable goods are approximated through three different methodological approaches: inventory, attributional, and index approaches. Data come from the 2017 SABER test, a nationwide examination that assesses reading and math skills, for fifth- and ninth-grade students, (N = 621,218). Students with complete durable goods information (N = 364,436) were included. Multilevel modeling was used to test the effects of durable goods on academic achievement and school attendance. The results suggest that while the index approach provides a broad understanding of how durable goods relate to school performance, the inventory and the attributional approaches show that different types of durable goods have differential effects on educational outcomes. The index approach illustrates that the possession of durable goods is positively associated with academic achievement and school attendance. The inventory and the attributional approaches show that washing machines, computers, and internet access are positively related to academic achievement and school attendance. In contrast, TVs, video games, and cars are negatively related to school performance. This research added to the literature by using different methodological approaches to operationalize durable goods, and by expanding the geographic scope to Latin America. Findings from this study may contribute to reassessing current measures of multidimensional poverty in Colombia to include durable goods.

The first record of well-preserved chondrocranial elements in mosasaurids is here described. These elements are preserved in situ in a Coniacian skull found in north-central Colombia, inside a calcareous concretion. Based on a 3D model generated from computed tomography scans, we identified elements of the nasal and orbitotemporal regions. Our descriptions show that in this specimen, the chondrocranium was reduced, more so than in most lacertilians (including their closest recent relatives, the varanids), but not as severely as in snakes or amphisbaenians (which have an extremely reduced chondrocranium and limbs). The new evidence suggests that the reduction in the chondrocranium in mosasaurids could be related to modification of their limbs when adapting to aquatic environments, but also that in mosasaurids, the olfactory tract was reduced, and the optic muscle insertions occurred mainly in the interorbital septum. The exceptional preservation of the chondrocranial elements in the specimen is facilitated by a gray mineralization covering them. XRD analysis and thin section observations indicated that this mineralization is composed of microcrystalline quartz and calcite. We infer that this material was produced by a partial silicification process promoted by lower pH microenvironments associated with bacterial breakdown of non-biomineralized tissues during early diagenesis.

En este artículo se presenta una secuencia de actividades en torno a los fenómenos astronómicos denominados “Los Eclipses” y “Las Fases de la Luna”. Dicha secuencia es producto de la sistematización y reflexión de prácticas de enseñanza llevadas a cabo en el seno del club de astronomía RFKOSMOS de un colegio público ubicado en la ciudad de Bogotá. Entonces, de un cúmulo de experiencias del club a lo largo de 16 años, se seleccionaron las asociadas a los eclipses y las fases de la Luna, las cuales se convirtieron en insumos para crear dos historietas, una propuesta de instrumentos de observación y un protocolo de escritura. En primer lugar, en cuanto a las historietas, se narran dos situaciones cercanas a la realidad de los estudiantes, estas son acompañadas de una secuencia de preguntas que pretenden fomentar la reflexión, la discusión y el análisis. En segundo lugar, se presenta una propuesta para diseñar instrumentos sencillos y prácticos compuesta por una descripción textual basada en tres consignas referenciales para los profesores, a saber, ¿Cómo construirlo?, ¿Cómo usarlo?, ¿Qué fenómenos se pueden observar y/o recrear? En tercer lugar, se propone un protocolo para incentivar la escritura epistémica en áreas no lingüísticas, el cual surge producto de la participación de las autoras en una comunidad de práctica escritural interdisciplinar. Como resultados preliminares, es conveniente mencionar el material didáctico puesto a servicio de otros colegas interesados en incentivar la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la astronomía y la resignificación de la escritura en pro del aprendizaje de la física y la astronomía. Finalmente, se señala la relevancia que tiene para el aprendizaje situar fenómenos astronómicos en las realidades de los estudiantes y la importancia de fomentar prácticas escriturales que trasciendan la dimensión evaluativa, y, hagan de la escritura un ejercicio reflexivo, consciente y real.

Introdução: As doenças linfoproliferativas crônicas (DLPC) são consideradas um grupo heterogêneo de doenças caracterizadas pela expansão monoclonal e acúmulo de linfócitos aparentemente maduros, que apresentam vantagem proliferativa e/ou de sobrevida sobre os linfócitos normais em diferentes órgãos como medula óssea, sangue periférico e linfonodos. Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde, que reflete o consenso internacional e se baseia em fatores patológicos, genéticos e clínicos, as neoplasias linfoproliferativas são classificadas de acordo com o estágio de maturação e a linhagem por meio da citometria de fluxo (CF). Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo foi demonstrar o perfil diagnóstico imunofenotípico de pacientes com DLPC no Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil por CF. Metodologia: Foram investigados 884 pacientes com DLPC de ambos os sexos através da CF com painel de anticorpos monoclonais direcionados à DLPC. Além disso, outras informações do paciente, como idade, sexo e dados clínicos e hematológicos também foram coletadas. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que 89,7% dos casos eram de células B (DLPC-B) e 10,3% de células T e natural killer (DLPC-T/NK). A distribuição dos casos de DLPC-B foi a seguinte: 487, leucemia linfocítica crônica; 18, leucemia pró-linfocítica de células B; 25, Leucemia de células pilosas; 6, variante Leucemia de células pilosas; 6, Linfoma folicular leucemizado; 4, Linfoma esplênico com linfócitos vilosos; 33, Linfoma de células do manto; 4, Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom; 69, Mieloma múltiplo; 14, Leucemia de células plasmáticas; 11, linfoma de Burkitt e 117, linfoma não Hodgkin leucêmico. A distribuição de DLPC-T/NK foi a seguinte: 12, Leucemia linfocítica granular grande; 14, leucemia prolinfocítica de células T; 18, Leucemia de células T do adulto; 20, Síndrome de Sézary; e 24, linfomas periféricos de células T e 2, DLPC-NK (Tabela 1). Discussão: As DLPC-B são as mais comumente observadas correspondendo a mais de 85% de todos os casos e caracterizam-se pela presença de linfócitos B clonais com expressão de um único tipo de cadeia leve de imunoglobulina (kappa ou lambda) em proporção maior que 1/10, associou a forte positividade dos antígenos Pam-B como CD19, CD22 e CD20 e a ausência ou baixa expressão dos antígenos Pam-T. No entanto, outros antígenos como CD200, CD5, FMC7, CD79b e CD103, entre outros, podem estar presentes ou ausentes, caracterizando especificamente essas entidades como Leucemia linfocítica crônica (CD22+ fraco; CD200+, CD5+, FMC7-, CD79b-), células pilosas leucemia (CD22+ forte; FMC7+; CD79b+; CD5-; CD200-; CD103+; CD123+; CD11c+ e linfoma folicular (CD22+/CD20+ forte, CD10+, CD200-, CD79B+, FMC7+). T/NK-CLPD são menos frequentes e são caracterizados por a expressão dos antígenos Pan-T CD2, CD3, CD5, CD7, CD28 e TCL-1, com clonalidade evidenciada por forte positividade de TCR ab na maioria dos casos e aumento de linfócitos TCD4+ ou TCD8+ em uma proporção acima de 1:10 na maioria dos casos. Neste grupo, a leucemia de linfócitos granulares grandes (LGLG) caracterizada por infiltração periférica e medular de grandes células linfocíticas hipergranulares, compreendendo cerca de 2-5% dos casos, o mais comumente células T CD8+. Conclusão: Os resultados apresentados demonstram que a imunofenotipagem é uma técnica definidora para esclarecer o diagnóstico de pacientes com CPLD, a clonalidade também foi caracterizada com sucesso nos casos investigados de CPLP das linhagens B,T e NK.

Objetivo: As principais leucemias agudas (LAs) são as linfoides (LLA, B ou T) e mieloides (LMA), além das bidiferenciadas (LAB) e indiferenciadas (LAI), que são mais raras. Essa variação reflete na terapêutica, exigindo métodos para caracterizar essas leucemias. Assim, métodos como a imunofenotipagem por citometria de fluxo (ICF), multiparamétrica e quantitativa, auxiliam no acompanhamento dessas neoplasias. O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar um estudo retrospectivo da imunofenotipagem de 985 pacientes com LAs. Metodologia: Análise da imunofenotipagem de LAs, utilizando marcadores direcionados a antígenos linfoides (B, T e NK) e mieloides, entre outros relacionados à imaturidade celular. Ao mesmo tempo, todos os dados foram correlacionados usando abordagens estatísticas avançadas pelo R 4.3.0, envolvendo randomforest, análise de componentes principais (PCA) e múltiplas correlações. Resultados: Foram analisados 985 casos de LAs entre 2010 e 2022, incluindo 266 LLA-B, 57 LLA-T e 662 LMA. Quanto ao padrão imunofenotípico, evidenciou-se a capacidade do ICF em distinguir os principais grupos e subgrupos de LAs. Discussão: Destacamos os principais marcadores para definir o padrão imunofenotípico e o aspecto de cada uma das principais leucemias agudas, comparando nossa incidência no Rio Grande do Norte com a literatura. As LLA-B foram analisadas com base na intensidade de expressão ou ausência de marcadores, em LLA-pro-B, ou linfoma leucemizado, (CD19, HLA-Dr, CD34 e TdT), LLA-comum (CD10, CD19, cCD79a, cCD22, HLA-Dr, TdT e CD34), LLA pré-B (cIgM, CD19, HLA-Dr, cCD79a, cCD22 e CD10) e LLA-B-Madura (sIgM+, sCD22, CD10+/-, CD20 e kappa ou lambda). As LLA-T foram analisadas no mesmo formato e subdivididas em pré-LLAT (CD7, cCD3, HLA-Dr, CD34 e TdT), LLA-T intermediárias (CD1a, CD2, CD7, cCD3, TdT e HLA-Dr associadas a CD4+/CD8+) e LLA-T medulares (CD4 ou CD8, sCD3, CD1a, TdT, HLA-Dr e CD34). Também foi possível observar a expressão aberrante de antígenos mieloides nas LLAs B e T, como CD13 e CD33, principalmente relacionados a LLA no contexto do rearranjo KMT2A com switch de linhagem. Além dos receptores CD71 e CD25 (RIL-2), que são relatados no contexto da LLA BCR/ABL+, sendo uma de suas características a presença do cromossomo Filadélfia. Nas LMAs analisadas, os subtipos mais observados foram aqueles com menor diferenciação e monocíticos. Também foi observada expressão de CD15, indicativo de assincronismo de maturação, além da aberrância fenotípica de antígenos linfoides em alguns casos, predominantemente CD7, sendo seguido destes os antígenos CD2 e CD5, intimamente associados à SMD, o CD19, associado à presença da mutação NPM1, e o CD56, menos frequente. Além disso, a LLA foi mais frequente em crianças e homens, enquanto a LMA em adultos e mulheres em geral, com incidência predominante em homens entre os pacientes adultos. Conclusão: Quando aplicada corretamente, a ICF pode ter grande impacto no diagnóstico, classificação e análise prognóstica de processos neoplásicos.

Originality is scored based on standard zero-originality lists (ZOLs) in the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT). The applicability of those ZOLs to diverse groups has not been examined. We examined the consistency of TTCT-Figural's sample-based (SB) ZOLs and the published ZOLs based on a sample of predominantly African American college students (n = 464 and n = 493 for Forms A and B, respectively). Then, we scored 193 forms using SB-ZOLs and published ZOLs. Compared with the old ZOLs, the updated ZOLs yielded more consistent results with the SB-ZOLs when a 3% cutoff is used for Activity 3. However, the new ZOLs made more improvement in Form A than Form B and in Activity 2 than Activities 1 and 3. Further studies are needed to determine if the inconsistencies stem from cultural differences or the method of updating the ZOLs. The results are discussed in terms of the implications for gifted identification.

El Programa Madre Canguro (PMC) permite un seguimiento a prematuros con comorbilidades como displasia broncopulmonar (DBP). El objetivo fue caracterizar los pacientes con DBP, describir su compromiso nutricional, neurológico, respiratorio en un PMC. Se realizó un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo en el PMC de un Hospital Universitario con aprobación del comité de ética. Incluyó pacientes con DBP entre 2015-2018, sin malformaciones mayores. Evaluamos el estado nutricional, neurológico y respiratorio a las 40 semanas, 6 y 12 meses de edad corregida mediante escalas recomendadas en Colombia. Realizamos análisis descriptivo y comparación según severidad de la DBP. Describimos la evolución en pacientes con seguimiento completo. Ingresaron 490 pacientes en cuatro años, 50 con DBP (10,2%); 58% con DBP-moderada, ninguno con DBP-severa. 96% de estrato socioeconómico bajo, 46%

El asma es la enfermedad pulmonar crónica más frecuente en la infancia. Asma casi fatal, asma severa aguda, estado asmático, asma refractaria o asma frágil se refiere a sufrir un episodio de crisis asmática severa con riesgo de morir y ocurre más frecuentemente en pacientes con asma grave, pero se puede presentar en asma leve o moderada y en asma no controlada. No existe una definición estandarizada del término, por lo tanto, se ha propuesto la expresión Síndrome de Asma Crítica (SAC) como término sombrilla que cubre los términos históricamente usados para aludir al riesgo de morir por asma debido al deterioro súbito y severo de los signos vitales, deterioro que podría progresar a falla respiratoria y muerte. En este marco de ideas, se realizó una búsqueda en la base de datos Pubmed de los términos “status asthmaticus”, “severe asthma”, “severe asthma attack”, “life threatening asthma”, “acute severe asthma”, “near fatal asthma”, “critical asthma”, “critical asthma syndrome” y posteriormente se llevó a cabo una revisión narrativa de SAC teniendo en cuenta los aspectos epidemiológicos, fisiopatológicos, las manifestaciones clínicas según los fenotipos descritos, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento.

El artículo expone elementos históricos que han incidido en la configuración de la investigación educativa en Colombia en las últimas décadas para mostrar de qué forma tal contexto ha influenciado en el investigador educativo. En primer lugar, describe vacíos presentes en los trabajos de investigación en educación. Desde allí, el análisis se centra en la universidad contemporánea y los efectos que ha tenido el capitalismo cognitivo y la mercantilización en estas instituciones que son uno de los escenarios donde se efectúa investigación educativa. En un tercer momento, muestra la incidencia de la lógica mercantil en la formación de investigadores educativos. Finalmente, el artículo propone elementos para tensionar el campo e incidir en la formación de los futuros investigadores y en las prácticas de los investigadores vigentes, de tal manera que se logre una reorientación de los parámetros que determinan al campo educativo.

We introduce the notion, and develop the theory of local-noise spectroscopy(LNS) - a tool to study the properties of systems far from equilibrium by meansof flux density correlations. As a test bed, we apply it to biased molecularjunctions. This tool naturally extends those based on local fluxes, whileproviding complementary information on the system. As examples of the richphenomenology that one can study with this approach, we show that LNS can beused to yield information on microscopic properties of bias-induced lightemission in junctions, provide local resolution of intra-system interactions,and employed as a nano-thermometry tool. Although LNS may, at the moment, bedifficult to realize experimentally, it can nonetheless be used as a powerfultheoretical tool to infer a wide range of physical properties on a variety ofsystems of present interest.

Contexto: en diabetes tipo 2, más allá del estado de hiperglucemia crónica, se han encontrado otros índices de disglicemia como variabilidad glicémica y episodios recurrentes de hipoglicemia como contribuyentes a desenlaces adversos. Objetivo: comparar las glucometrías bajo modalidad de automonitoreo glicémico escalonado en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2, con el fin de identificar un factor pronóstico que permita optimizar el control glicémico a partir del análisis de variabilidad glucémica. Metodología: serie de casos con muestra de estudio y datos de glucometrías de automonitoreo glucémico escalonado en tres sujetos durante cinco años, con 3400 datos observados en promedio. Se empleó un modelo lineal multivariable y pruebas de comparaciones múltiples post hoc y también se evaluó la variabilidad glucémica mediante media de glucemia, desviación estándar y coeficiente de variación por cada tiempo de comidas. Resultados: el total de muestras analizadas tuvo el coeficiente de variación menor a 36?%, además, los tres individuos presentaron tendencias diferentes a lo largo del periodo de estudio y los datos recopilados se inclinaron hacia la hipoglucemia. No hubo diferencias significativas en los seis tiempos de comida. Conclusiones: en la práctica actual, el objetivo es disminuir la variabilidad glucémica con bajo riesgo de hipoglucemia, donde el automonitoreo glicémico es de utilidad para disminuir el riesgo de hipoglicemia y mejorar el control glicémico.

The control of Dermanyssus gallinae in small productions of laying hens is carried out by using chemical methods. However, its indiscriminate use has generated resistance and environmental pollution problems. This problem has encouraged the use of natural substances to control mites. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the acaricidal activity of the bioactive citral (Ci), geraniol (Ge) and thymol (Thy) on D. gallinae under in vitro conditions using six concentrations (0.05, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5g/mL). In addition, the interactions of the mixtures of the three bioactive were evaluated through binary (1:1) and tertiary (1:1:1) combinations. The interaction between of the combination of bioactive was performed by using CompuSyn software and calculating the combination index (CI). LC50, LC90, and LC99 with 95% confidence limits were estimated by Probit analysis. The bioactive Ci, Ge and Thy show acaricidal activity on the poultry red mite. The combination of Ge:Thy and Ci:Ge showed very strong synergism with CI of 0.084 and 0.052, whereas Ci:Thy showed strong synergism with CI of 0.122 at a concentration of 0.05g/mL. The tertiary combination in 1:1:1 showed a higher toxic effect and strong synergistic effects at low concentrations with 100% mortality at 1g/mL concentration with a CI of 0.147. The combination of natural bioactive could be an additional way to control D. gallinae without putting the welfare of the birds at risk and would be an environmentally friendly measure.

Introduction Dysthymia is a chronic mood disorder with similar but less severe features than major depressive disorder. Compared to the latter, major depressive episodes of dysthymic disorder are more spaced, less intense, and more persistent. The most effective treatment is usually the combination of serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant drugs with behavioral, cognitive, interpersonal and group psychotherapies. The reality is that there are few clearly effective treatments to treat this disorder which makes the symptoms even more chronic which has a negative impact on the functionality of patients with clear influence at a personal and work level. Without treatment, dysthymia sometimes progresses to major depression, called “double depression” what can be a most serious problem. Objectives Finding new lines of treatment or management in these patients seems to be essential because of the inability that can occur in some of them and the high demand they can produce. Methods A 45-year-old woman diagnosed of dysthymia has been followed for more than 10 years. Multiple visits to the emergency room and several outpatient mental health services. absenteeism and great repercussion in the family environment. Many side effects to antidepressants and a benzodiazepine overuse tendency. She has been receiving psychotherapeutic treatment for many years with little effectiveness. Worsening of the symptoms with the appearance of obsessiveness around what is happening to her Results Several alternative treatments are tested for the management of anxious depressive and obsessive symptoms being Aripiprazole 10mg the only effective one with almost complete recovery of symptoms. The patient returns to work and significantly improves her family situation. Conclusions Dysthyma is a disorder with difficult pharmacological and psychological management. Trying different little-used treatments can open up a different view about the disorder. The use of serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant drugs is not always effective and the risk posed by using benzodiazepines for long time forces us to look for other treatments for the control of the main symptoms The use of aripiprazole at moderate doses may be a good new way to control symptoms. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Introduction The term “depression” can be used in different senses: it can be a syndrome, a mood state, a mental disorder, and all of them are distinct clinical conditions…There are no pathognomonic features of bipolar/unipolar depression. A good medical history is the most important component of the evaluation. We have to use clinical variables and differential epidemiology for a correct diagnosis. Objectives They both analyze clinical, psychopathological and epidemiological characteristics of resistant depression and they review causes, incidence, prevalence, diagnostic, therapeutic tools and the importance of maintaining the treatment, because the abandonment of the treatment is a good predictor of possible relapses. Methods A literature Review of the last five years concerning resistant depression has been done: prevalence, incidence, pathogenesis and its relationship with other psychiatric disorders encoded in DSM-V. Results Unipolar major depression (major depressive disorder) is characterized by a history of one or more major depressive episodes and no previous history of mania or hypomania symptoms. A major depressive episode is presented with five or more of the following nine symptoms for at least two consecutive weeks; at least one of them must be either a depressed mood or a loss of interest or pleasure. In addition, the symptoms must cause significant distress or psychosocial impairment, and not be a direct result of a substance or general medical condition. Conclusions Symptoms of unipolar depression in adults can overlap with symptoms of other psychiatric and general medical disorders. Unipolar depression needs to be distinguished from these other disorders to prevent inappropriate treatment. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

This investigation evaluated the degree to which creativity training, idea generation instruction, and creative process impacted idea production, creativeness of solutions, and leadership effectiveness. Three sets of hypotheses were tested with a 114 groups of adults. First, groups whose members had some (i.e., one CPS course) or advanced training (i.e., graduate-level study in creativity or creativity professionals) were significantly more effective at idea generation than groups without training. Furthermore, leaders with some and advanced training were perceived to be significantly more effective than those with no creativity training. With respect to creativeness of solutions, the advanced training groups outperformed all others. The second set of hypotheses focused on the effectiveness of idea generation instruction (i.e., instructions without brainstorming, brainstorming, and brainstorming with criticism). Analysis revealed no significant difference for idea generation instruction relative to idea production or creativeness of solutions. The final set of hypotheses examined the use of a simple process structure for groups without prior creativity training (i.e., distinct phases for idea generation and solution development). Analysis revealed that those meetings that followed a simple process structure outperformed groups that did not follow a process for both idea generation and creativeness of solutions. Further results are presented and implications discussed.