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Contexte. On sait peu de choses sur l’effet respectif de l’utilisation des outils numeriques vs des outils classiques sur les apprentissages d’enfants avec trouble du spectre de l’autisme et trouble du developpement intellectuel associe (TSA TDI). Methode. Pour travailler les competences en socialisation, autonomie et communication, un groupe cible de 11 enfants (âge moyen : 9 ans 8 mois) utilisent une tablette tactile dotee d’applications (AMIKEO, Auticiel®) et un groupe de comparaison de 11 enfants (âge moyen : 9 ans 2 mois) utilisent des supports classiques recommandes par les evidence-based practices (EBP). Leurs competences sont evaluees au debut de l’etude et au terme d’une annee de travail a partir de leurs scores aux items de la VINELAND-II. Resultats. Ces scores augmentent significativement chez les enfants du groupe cible, mais pas chez ceux du groupe de comparaison. Conclusion. Les outils numeriques facilitent plus que les outils classiques les apprentissages des competences adaptatives et sociocommunicatives des enfants avec TSA et TDI associe.

A heterogeneidade dos sintomas das pessoas com TEA exige que as intervenções sejam específicas para cada caso. No Brasil, há aproximadamente sete anos, diretrizes do governo foram estabelecidas de forma a garantir a inclusão dessa parte da população, inclusive em escola regular e com o auxílio de tecnologia. Como consequência desse incentivo, pesquisas acadêmicas e soluções assistivas vêm sendo impulsionadas na academia e no mercado. Por outro lado, países como a França, vem estudando essa parcela da população e propondo políticas públicas há mais de duas décadas. Assim sendo, uma análise comparativa das abordagens que os recursos tecnológicos assistivos vêm sendo desenvolvidos, utilizados e avaliados é relevante na tentativa de aprimorar e direcionar esforços já empregados no país. Neste cenário, foi mapeada a produção científica nacional sobre “Autismo, Educação e Tecnologia” para compilar informações sobre as pesquisas realizadas a partir de uma revisão de literatura, contemplando 33 artigos identificando a predominância de soluções de softwares educativos para alfabetização de crianças com TEA. A partir dos dados encontrados foi realizado uma análise comparativa entre as soluções brasileiras propostas com o relatório disponibilizado pela Fundação Internacional de Pesquisa Aplicada sobre Deficiência (Fondation Internationale de la Recherche Appliquée sur le Handicap, FIRAH), que visa minimizar os problemas e potencializar os ganhos no uso de tecnologias por pessoas com autismo. Foi percebido tanto nas publicações nacionais, quanto no guia preconizado pela França, que há um déficit em insumos técnico-científicos que subsidiem a Engenharia de Software no processo de desenvolvimento e avaliação de qualidade de recursos assistivos para autistas. Além disso, do ponto de vista do usuário, algumas iniciativas podem ser tomadas para maximizar a qualidade do software e a experiência desses usuários: indicativo de bateria, limitação e flexibilização de uso, meios de restrição de conteúdo, disponibilização de interface multimídia e multimodal.

Even the most reliable systems can still be subject to human errors. When the system is considered critical, failures can lead to huge losses. When trying to understand the causes of these losses, the emotional and behavioral aspects of the system operator are ignored, considering only technical information that the user has. The objective of this paper is to verify if personal factors have any relation to the occurrence of errors when interacting with a critical system. This will contribute to elaborate accident prevention strategies focused on these factors in the future. The results of this study showed the existence of personal factors that exert a significant influence on the mistakes made.

A audiodescrição (conhecida como AD) é uma faixa de áudio narrativa que auxilia as pessoas com deficiência visual na compreensão de conteúdos audiovisuais. O profissional responsável por gerar a AD é o audiodescritor. Este tem como tarefa transformar as informações visuais de vídeos ou apresentações em áudio para os espectadores. Este processo de transformação exige tempo e possui um alto custo. Como suporte para estes profissionais, tendo em vista a redução de tempo e custo para realização das audiodescrições, sistemas automáticos geradores de audiodescrição têm sido desenvolvidos. O objetivo deste trabalho de pesquisa consiste em avaliar um sistema gerador automático de audiodescrição de filmes. A metodologia proposta avalia a qualidade da AD gerada sob a perspectiva do usuário deficiente visual. O nível de acessibilidade da AD gerada automaticamente, a partir de dois modelos distintos, e de uma AD gerada por um audiodescritor foi avaliado a partir da aplicação de questionário sobre a compreensão dos vídeos exibidos. Os resultados mostraram que o modelo de AD automática baseado em roteiro cinematográfico apresentou resultados mais próximos à AD humana, enquanto o modelo baseado em reconhecimento de objetos contribuiu de forma mínima à compreensão, com resultados inferiores ao cenário sem audiodescrição.

Human error studies tend to focus on identifying the relationship between human activity, errors and their consequences. Accidents and incidents report analysis has been the path followed by several authors in the human error studies field, as it will be discussed in this paper. However, error reports tend to detail technical aspects of the error occurrence but fail to explore the human-behaviour component that might have influenced it. In order to investigate the human behaviour and its relation with accidents and human errors the authors propose to observe individuals working during critical situations, while adopting a methodological approach supported by an experimental protocol, to ensure a rigorous systematization of the data gathering and analysis. This paper presents a cognitive model which accounts for the knowledge of the individual and situation characteristics when analysing the user behaviour during critical situations. It also presents the supporting experimental protocol, and discusses its application in the context of a decision making aid system, employed during maritime pollution crisis management.

This paper describes the outcome of a literature systematic review on methods, methodologies, and technology solutions for people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This specific domain aroused interest in consequence of (i) the new diagnostic perspective for ASD from DSM-5; (ii) the National Policy for the Protection of the Rights of Persons with ASD (Law 12.764); and; (iii) the guidelines of the Brazilian government that highlight the importance of technology for helping and enhancing interventions with this kind of population. The final selection consisted of 20 papers showing that there is a greater study concentration where the target audience is the child with ASD, and software is the type of technology solution most used to contribute for the individual's communication and social skills development.

Human error studies tend to focus on identifying the relationship between human activity, errors and their consequences. Accidents and incidents report analysis has been the path followed by several authors in the human error studies field, as it will be discussed in this paper. However, error reports tend to detail technical aspects of the error occurrence but fail to explore the human-behaviour component that might have influenced it. In order to investigate the human behaviour and its relation with accidents and human errors the authors propose to observe individuals working during critical situations, while adopting a methodological approach supported by an experimental protocol, to ensure a rigorous systematization of the data gathering and analysis. This paper presents a cognitive model which accounts for the knowledge of the individual and situation characteristics when analysing the user behaviour during critical situations. It also presents the supporting experimental protocol, and discusses its application in the context of a decision making aid system, employed during maritime pollution crisis management.

Background: Obesity is a serious problem of public health and affects all socio-economic groups, irrespective of age, sex or ethnicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between periodontal condition and nutritional status of adolescents. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using a probability cluster sampling, and the sample was defined by statistical criterion, consisting of 559 students aged 15–19 yr enrolled in public schools of adolescents of Campina Grande, PB, Brazil in 2012. Socioeconomic characteristics were analyzed, as well as self-reported general and oral health, anthropometric data and periodontal condition (CPI and OHI-S). Descriptive and analytical analysis from bivariate and multivariate Poisson regression analysis with 5% significance level was performed. Results: Of the 559 adolescents, 18.6% were overweight and 98.4% had some form of periodontal changes such as: bleeding (34.3%), calculus (38.8%), shallow pocket (22.9%) and deep pocket (2.3%). There was association between presence of periodontal changes with obesity (P

Human error studies tend to focus on identifying the relationship between the human activity, its errors and consequences. Accidents and incidents report analysis has been the path followed by several authors in the human error studies field, as it will be discussed in this chapter. However, reports tend to detail technical aspect of the error occurrence but fail to explore the human-behaviour component that might have influenced it. In order to investigate the human behaviour and its relation with accidents and human errors the authors propose to observe individuals working during critical situations. This observation must adopt a methodological approach, and the authors advise to support it by an experimental protocol, to ensure a rigorous systematization of the data gathering and analysis of the human behaviour. This chapter presents a cognitive model conceived to support this approach, by investigating an individual’s: characteristics; functional state; situation perception, decision-making approach and performance during task completion which accounts for the knowledge of the work situation. It also briefly presents its supporting experimental protocol, and discusses its application in the context of a decision making aid system, employed during maritime pollution crisis management.

This paper proposes a system's architecture, using mobile devices, to assess safety during critical tasks. It relies on real-time data gathered on the fatigue and emotions of individuals which can anticipate reduced performance and potential risks due to imminent human error.

In order to prevent human error, it is essential to understand the nature of the user’s behaviour. This chapter proposes a combined approach to increase knowledge of user behaviour by instantiating a programmable user model with data gathered from a user profile. Together, the user profile and user model represent, respectively, the static and dynamic characteristics of user behaviour. Typically, user models have been employed by system designers to explore the user decision-making process and its implications, since user profiles do not account for the dynamic aspects of a user interaction. In this chapter, the user profile and model are employed to study human errors—supporting an investigation of the relationship between user errors and user characteristics. The chapter reviews the literature on user profiles and models and presents the proposed user profile and model. It concludes by discussing the application of the proposed approach in the context of electrical systems’ operation.

Wellcome Trust/MRC Joint Call in Neurodegeneration award United Kingdom Medical Research Council Wellcome Trust Parkinson's Disease UK Kattan Trust Objectives: To compare the dopaminergic neuronal imaging features of different subtypes of genetic Parkinson's Disease.Methods: A retrospective study of genetic Parkinson's diseases cases in which DaTSCAN (123I-FP-CIT) had been performed. Specific non-displaceable binding was calculated for bilateral caudate and putamen for each case. the right: left asymmetry index and striatal asymmetry index was calculated.Results: Scans were available from 37 cases of monogenetic Parkinson's disease (7 glucocerebrosidase (GBA) mutations, 8 alpha-synuclein, 3 LRRK2, 7 PINK1, 12 Parkin). the asymmetry of radioligand uptake for Parkinson's disease with GBA or LRRK2 mutations was greater than that for Parkinson's disease with alpha synuclein, PINK1 or Parkin mutations.Conclusions: the asymmetry of radioligand uptake in Parkinsons disease associated with GBA or LRRK2 mutations suggests that interactions with additional genetic or environmental factors may be associated with dopaminergic neuronal loss. UCL, Dept Clin Neurosci, Inst Neurol, London, England Birmingham Womens Hosp, Reg Genet Unit, Dept Clin Genet, Birmingham, W Midlands, England Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp, Coll Med, Dept Neurol, Taipei, Taiwan Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp, Coll Med, Dept Nucl Med, Taipei, Taiwan Hosp Israelita Albert Einstein, Inst Israelita Ensino & Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil Hosp Univ Insular Gran Canaria, Dept Neurol, Parkinsons & Movement Disorders Unit, Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain Univ Salerno, Ctr Neurodegenerat Dis, Salerno, Fisciano Provin, Italy UCL, Inst Neurol, Sobell Dept Motor Sci, London, England Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Neurol, São Paulo, Brazil Erasmus MC, Dept Clin Genet, Rotterdam, Netherlands Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, G Papanikolaou Hosp, Dept Neurol 3, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece Gen Hosp S Michele AOB G Brotzu, Neurol Serv, Cagliari, Italy Gen Hosp S Michele AOB G Brotzu, Stroke Unit, Cagliari, Italy Univ Bologna, Dept Biomed & Neuromotor Sci, Bologna, Italy Universidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP, EPM, Div Movement Disorders, São Paulo, Brazil UCL Inst Neurol, Dept Mol Neurosci, London, England Univ Navarra, Div Neurosci, Ctr Appl Med Res, Neurogenet Lab, E-31080 Pamplona, Spain CNR, Inst Biostruct & Bioimaging, I-80125 Naples, Italy Karolinska Inst, Ctr Psychiat Res, Dept Clin Neurosci, Stockholm, Sweden Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Neurol, São Paulo, Brazil Universidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP, EPM, Div Movement Disorders, São Paulo, Brazil Wellcome Trust/MRC Joint Call in Neurodegeneration award: WT089698 United Kingdom Medical Research Council: G1001983 Web of Science