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5,812 results on '"P. Bernhardt"'

1. Phase-locked feed forward stabilization for dual comb spectroscopy

Author

Pal, Mithun, Eber, Alexander, Fürst, Lukas, Hruska, Emily, Ossiander, Marcus, and Bernhardt, Birgitta

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

Sustained mutual coherence between two combs over extended periods is a prerequisite for dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS), particularly in achieving high-resolution molecular spectroscopy and precise spectral measurements. However, achieving long coherence times remains a challenge for Yb-doped frequency combs. This work introduces an experimental approach for phase-stable DCS using Yb-doped frequency combs at 1.03 ${\mu}$m with a novel feed-forward method, combatting the limitations of mutual coherence. Without relying on computer-based phase correction, we achieve a coherence time of 1000 seconds - three orders of magnitude longer than the current state of the art for DCS. This extended coherence enables time-domain averaging, resulting in a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 2045. We demonstrate high-resolution monitoring of weak overtone transitions in the P and R branches of C${_2}$H${_2}$, with good agreement with HITRAN. The phase-locked multiheterodyne system also enables phase spectrum measurements with a scatter down to 7 mrad. Furthermore, we successfully extend our technique to the visible wavelength range using second harmonic generation, achieving high-resolution spectra of NO${_2}$ with excellent SNR. The method offers high-frequency accuracy and demonstrates the potential of Yb-doped systems for multiplexed metrology, effectively extending the capabilities of DCS as a powerful tool for multi-disciplinary applications.

Published
2024

2. Vibrational excitations in magnetic triangular nanographenes

Author

Krane, Nils, Turco, Elia, Bernhardt, Annika, Juríček, Michal, Fasel, Roman, and Ruffieux, Pascal

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS) is a powerful measurement technique often used in scanning tunneling spectroscopy to probe excited states of various nanostructures, e.g., the magnetic properties of complex spin systems. The observed excited states can be of magnetic and vibrational origin and it is therefore necessary to differentiate between these two excitation mechanisms. Here, we investigate the spin S = 1/2 phenalenyl radical on Au(111). IETS measurements feature inelastic excitations, whereas the spatial distribution of their intensity excludes any spin excitations. Comparison to theoretical simulations proves the vibrational origin of those excitations and allows us to assign the observed features to distinct vibrational modes.

Published
2024

3. Unveiling Ultrafast Spin-Valley Dynamics and Phonon-Mediated Charge Transfer in MoSe$_{2}$/WSe$_{2}$ Heterostructures

Author

Wagner, Julian, Bernhardt, Robin, Rieland, Lukas, Abdul-Aziz, Omar, Li, Qiuyang, Zhu, Xiaoyang, Conte, Stefano Dal, Cerullo, Giulio, van Loosdrecht, Paul H. M., and Hedayat, Hamoon

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

We use helicity-resolved ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy to study spin-valley polarization dynamics in a vertically stacked MoSe$_{2}$/WSe$_{2}$ heterostructure. The experimental findings reveal details of interlayer charge transfer on ultrafast timescales, showing that the spin-valley polarized state of photoexcited carriers is conserved during the charge transfer and formation of interlayer excitons. Our results confirm that phonon scattering mediates the interlayer charge transfer process, while a high phonon population at elevated temperatures causes a significant decrease in spin-valley selective charge transfer. Moreover, the experimental findings demonstrate the possibility that interlayer excitons and their spin-valley polarization can be probed in the optical response of intralayer excitons. These findings pave the way for ultrafast detection, control, and manipulation of spin-valley polarized excitons in transition metal dichalcogenide-based 2D heterostructures.

Published
2024

4. Ultra-broadband UV/VIS spectroscopy enabled by resonant dispersive wave emission of a frequency comb

Author

Kirchner, Adrian, Eber, Alexander, Fürst, Lukas, Hruska, Emily, Frosz, Michael H., Tani, Francesco, and Bernhardt, Birgitta

Subjects
Physics - Optics
Abstract

We introduce a novel ultra-broadband ultraviolet and visible frequency comb light source covering more than 240 THz by resonant dispersive wave emission in a gas-filled hollow-core fiber waveguide. The light source allows tuning from ~340 nm to 465 nm (645 THz to ~885 THz) with conversion efficiencies of 1.5 %. Ultra-broadband absorption spectroscopy is demonstrated by studying nitrogen dioxide, a molecular species of major atmospheric relevance strongly absorbing across the ultraviolet and visible spectral region. We show that the coherence of the 80 MHz ytterbium fiber-based frequency comb seeding the frequency up-conversion process is conserved, paving the way toward further ultra-broadband (dual) comb spectroscopy across the ultraviolet/visible range.

Published
2024

5. The Alzheimers Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Neuropathology Core: An update.

Author

Perrin, Richard, Franklin, Erin, Bernhardt, Haley, Burns, Aime, Schwetye, Katherine, Cairns, Nigel, Baxter, Michael, Weiner, Michael, and Morris, John

Subjects
Alzheimer, Alzheimers Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Lewy body, TAR DNA binding protein 43, biomarker, neuropathology, Humans, Alzheimer Disease, Neuroimaging, Aged, Brain, Female, Biomarkers, Male, Aged, 80 and over, Neuropathology, Cohort Studies, Sensitivity and Specificity
Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Biomarkers for Alzheimers disease neuropathologic change (ADNC) have been instrumental in developing effective disease-modifying therapeutics. However, to prevent/treat dementia effectively, we require biomarkers for non-AD neuropathologies; for this, neuropathologic examinations and annotated tissue samples are essential. METHODS: We conducted clinicopathologic correlation for the first 100 Alzheimers Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) Neuropathology Core (NPC) cases. RESULTS: Clinical syndromes in this cohort showed 95% sensitivity and 79% specificity for predicting high/intermediate ADNC, a 21% false positive rate, and a ∼44% false negative rate. In addition, 60% with high/intermediate ADNC harbored additional potentially dementing co-pathologies. DISCUSSION: These results suggest that clinical presentation imperfectly predicts ADNC and that accurate prediction of high/intermediate ADNC does not exclude co-pathology that may modify presentation, biomarkers, and therapeutic responses. Therefore, new biomarkers are needed for non-AD neuropathologies. The ADNI NPC supports this mission with well-characterized tissue samples (available through ADNI and the National Institute on Aging) and gold-standard diagnostic information (soon to include digital histology). HIGHLIGHTS: The Alzheimers Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) Neuropathology Core (NPC) brain donation cohort now exceeds 200 cases. ADNI NPC data in National Alzheimers Coordinating Center format are available through the Laboratory of Neuro Imaging. Digitized slide files from the ADNI NPC will be available in 2025. Requests for ADNI brain tissue samples can be submitted online for ADNI/National Institute on Aging evaluation. Clinical diagnoses of Alzheimers disease (AD)/AD and related dementias (ADRD) do not always predict post mortem neuropathology. Neuropathology is essential for the development of novel AD/ADRD biomarkers.

Published
2024

6. Mechanistic Modeling of Lipid Nanoparticle Formation for the Delivery of Nucleic Acid Therapeutics

Author

Inguva, Pavan K., Mukherjee, Saikat, Walker, Pierre J., Kanso, Mona A., Wang, Jie, Wu, Yanchen, Tenberg, Vico, Santra, Srimanta, Singh, Shalini, Kim, Shin Hyuk, Trout, Bernhardt L., Bazant, Martin Z., Myerson, Allan S., and Braatz, Richard D.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Computer Science - Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science, Physics - Biological Physics, Physics - Chemical Physics
Abstract

Nucleic acids such as mRNA have emerged as a promising therapeutic modality with the capability of addressing a wide range of diseases. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) as a delivery platform for nucleic acids were used in the COVID-19 vaccines and have received much attention. While modern manufacturing processes which involve rapidly mixing an organic stream containing the lipids with an aqueous stream containing the nucleic acids are conceptually straightforward, detailed understanding of LNP formation and structure is still limited and scale-up can be challenging. Mathematical and computational methods are a promising avenue for deepening scientific understanding of the LNP formation process and facilitating improved process development and control. This article describes strategies for the mechanistic modeling of LNP formation, starting with strategies to estimate and predict important physicochemical properties of the various species such as diffusivities and solubilities. Subsequently, a framework is outlined for constructing mechanistic models of reactor- and particle-scale processes. Insights gained from the various models are mapped back to product quality attributes and process insights. Lastly, the use of the models to guide development of advanced process control and optimization strategies is discussed., Comment: 67 pages, 10 figures

Published
2024

7. Establishment of a clinical SPECT/CT protocol for imaging of 161Tb

Author

I. Marin, T. Rydèn, M. Van Essen, J. Svensson, N. Gracheva, U. Köster, J. R. Zeevaart, N. P. van der Meulen, C. Müller, and P. Bernhardt

Subjects
161Tb, SPECT, Image quality, Targeted radionuclide therapy, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920
Abstract

Abstract Background It has been proposed, and preclinically demonstrated, that 161Tb is a better alternative to 177Lu for the treatment of small prostate cancer lesions due to its high emission of low-energy electrons. 161Tb also emits photons suitable for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. This study aims to establish a SPECT protocol for 161Tb imaging in the clinic. Materials and methods Optimal settings using various γ-camera collimators and energy windows were explored by imaging a Jaszczak phantom, including hollow-sphere inserts, filled with 161Tb. The collimators examined were extended low-energy general purpose (ELEGP), medium-energy general purpose (MEGP), and low-energy high resolution (LEHR), respectively. In addition, three ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM) algorithms were investigated: attenuation-corrected OSEM (A-OSEM); attenuation and dual- or triple-energy window scatter-corrected OSEM (AS-OSEM); and attenuation, scatter, and collimator-detector response-corrected OSEM (ASC-OSEM), where the latter utilized Monte Carlo-based reconstruction. Uniformity corrections, using intrinsic and extrinsic correction maps, were also investigated. Image quality was assessed by estimated recovery coefficients (RC), noise, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Sensitivity was determined using a circular flat phantom. Results The best RC and SNR were obtained at an energy window between 67.1 and 82.1 keV. Ring artifacts, caused by non-uniformity, were removed with extrinsic uniformity correction for the energy window between 67.1 and 82.1 keV, but not with intrinsic correction. Analyzing the lower energy window between 48.9 and 62.9 keV, the ring artifacts remained after uniformity corrections. The recovery was similar for the different collimators when using a specific OSEM reconstruction. Recovery and SNR were highest for ASC-OSEM, followed by AS-OSEM and A-OSEM. When using the optimized parameter setting, the resolution of 161Tb was higher than for 177Lu (8.4 ± 0.7 vs. 10.4 ± 0.6 mm, respectively). The sensitivities for 161Tb and 177Lu were 7.41 and 8.46 cps/MBq, respectively. Conclusion SPECT with high resolution is feasible with 161Tb; however, extrinsic uniformity correction is recommended to avoid ring artifacts. The LEHR collimator was the best choice of the three tested to obtain a high-resolution image. Due to the complex emission spectrum of low-energy photons, window-based scatter correction had a minor impact on the image quality compared to using attenuation correction only. On the other hand, performing attenuation, scatter, and collimator-detector correction clearly improved image quality. Based on these data, SPECT-based dosimetry for 161Tb-labeled radiopharmaceuticals is feasible.

Published
2020
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8. The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Educational Attainment

Author

Douglas N. Harris, Feng Chen, Rylie C. Martin, Ann F. Bernhardt, Christopher R. Marsicano, and Paul T. von Hippel

Abstract

We study the effects of the COVID pandemic on educational attainment. By 2022, entry into two-year colleges was 21 percent lower than before the pandemic, with larger declines in Black- and Hispanic-majority colleges. Four-year college entry declined by only 6 percent and then rebounded 4 percent. High school graduation reached an all-time high in 2022. To explain these patterns, we undertook an interrupted time series design. Lower numbers of COVID cases and higher levels of in-person instruction led to increased college entry and possibly increased graduation. Relaxation of graduation standards explain between-state variation in high school graduation and helps explain the continued high graduation rates. Changing labor-market opportunities do not explain cross-state variation in attainment. We suggest additional explanations for these trends. Barring other substantial changes, we predict that future college attainment will be lower for cohorts of school or college age during the pandemic, especially for some marginalized groups.

Published
2024

9. Linear waves on the expanding region of Schwarzschild-de Sitter spacetimes: forward asymptotics and scattering from infinity

Author

Bernhardt, Louie

Subjects
Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

We study solutions to the linear wave equation on the cosmological region of Schwarzschild-de Sitter spacetimes. We show that all sufficiently regular finite-energy solutions to the linear equation possess a particular finite-order asymptotic expansion near the future boundary. Specifically, we prove that several terms in this asymptotic expansion are identically zero. This is accomplished with new weighted higher-order energy estimates that capture the global expansion of the cosmological region. Furthermore we prove existence and uniqueness of scattering solutions to the linear wave equation on the expanding region. Given two pieces of scattering data at infinity, we construct solutions that have the same asymptotics as forward solutions. The proof involves constructing asymptotic solutions to the wave equation, as well as a new weighted energy estimate that is suitable for the backward problem. This scattering result extends to a large class of expanding spacetimes, including the Kerr de Sitter family., Comment: 63 pages, 5 figures

Published
2024

10. Inhomogenuous instabilities at large chemical potential in a rainbow-ladder QCD model

Author

Motta, Theo F., Bernhardt, Julian, Buballa, Michael, and Fischer, Christian S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

In this work we continue our efforts to study the existence of a phase with an inhomogeneous, i.e., spatially varying, chiral condensate in QCD. To this end we employ a previously established method of stability analysis of the two-particle irreducible effective action in a truncation that corresponds to a rainbow-ladder approximation of the quark-gluon interaction of QCD. If the analysis is restricted to homogeneous phases, the phase diagram features a first-order chiral transition in the lower-temperature regime. Performing the stability analysis along the lower-chemical-potential border of the corresponding spinodal region, we find that below a certain temperature the homogeneous chirally symmetric solution is unstable against inhomogeneous condensation. We argue that this instability may persist to chemical potentials above the homogeneous first-order phase boundary, in which case it signals the existence of an inhomogeneous ground state. Our methodology is also applicable for more sophisticated truncations of the QCD effective action.

Published
2024

12. High interobserver variability of PTEN immunohistochemistry defining PTEN status in low- to intermediate-risk prostate cancer: results of the first German ring trial

Author

Hommerding, Oliver, Bernhardt, Marit, Kreft, Tobias, Scherping, Anna, Abbas, Mahmoud, Baretton, Gustavo, Bräsen, Jan Hinrich, Breyer, Johannes, Darr, Christopher, Dressler, Franz Friedrich, Ellinger, Jörg, Erber, Ramona, Esposito, Irene, Hartmann, Arndt, Hartmann, Wolfgang, Heitplatz, Barbara, Kreipe, Hans, Lafos, Marcel, Linxweiler, Johannes, Lopez-Cotarelo, Cristina, Sailer, Verena, Reis, Henning, Saar, Matthias, Schildhaus, Hans-Ulrich, Schlack, Katrin, Schmid, Matthias, Seidl, Maximilian, Semjonow, Axel, Sommer, Ulrich, Stahl, Phillip Rolf, Tischler, Verena, Weber, Florian, Wulf, Anna-Lena, Wullich, Bernd, and Kristiansen, Glen

Published
2024
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16. Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry

Author

Jitendra PS. Sawhney, Veerappa A. Kothiwale, Vikas Bisne, Rajashekhar Durgaprasad, Praveen Jadhav, Manoj Chopda, Velam Vanajakshamma, Ramdhan Meena, Govindan Vijayaraghavan, Kamaldeep Chawla, Jagan Allu, Karen S. Pieper, A. John Camm, Ajay K. Kakkar, Jean-Pierre Bassand, David A. Fitzmaurice, Samuel Z. Goldhaber, Shinya Goto, Sylvia Haas, Werner Hacke, Lorenzo G. Mantovani, Frank Misselwitz, Alexander G.G. Turpie, Martin van Eickels, Freek W.A. Verheugt, Gloria Kayani, Keith A.A. Fox, Bernard J. Gersh, Hector Lucas Luciardi, Harry Gibbs, Marianne Brodmann, Frank Cools, Antonio Carlos Pereira Barretto, Stuart J. Connolly, Alex Spyropoulos, John Eikelboom, Ramon Corbalan, Dayi Hu, Petr Jansky, Jørn Dalsgaard Nielsen, Hany Ragy, Pekka Raatikainen, Jean-Yves Le Heuzey, Harald Darius, Matyas Keltai, Sanjay Kakkar, Jitendra Pal Singh Sawhney, Giancarlo Agnelli, Giuseppe Ambrosio, Yukihiro Koretsune, Carlos Jerjes Sánchez Díaz, Hugo Ten Cate, Dan Atar, Janina Stepinska, Elizaveta Panchenko, Toon Wei Lim, Barry Jacobson, Seil Oh, Xavier Viñolas, Marten Rosenqvist, Jan Steffel, Pantep Angchaisuksiri, Ali Oto, Alex Parkhomenko, Wael Al Mahmeed, David Fitzmaurice, D.Y. Hu, K.N. Chen, Y.S. Zhao, H.Q. Zhang, J.Z. Chen, S.P. Cao, D.W. Wang, Y.J. Yang, W.H. Li, Y.H. Yin, G.Z. Tao, P. Yang, Y.M. Chen, S.H. He, Ying Wang, Yong Wang, G.S. Fu, X. Li, T.G. Wu, X.S. Cheng, X.W. Yan, R.P. Zhao, M.S. Chen, L.G. Xiong, P. Chen, Y. Jiao, Y. Guo, L. Xue, F.Z. Wang, H. Li, Z.M. Yang, C.L. Bai, J. Chen, J.Y. Chen, X. Chen, S. Feng, Q.H. Fu, X.J. Gao, W.N. Guo, R.H. He, X.A. He, X.S. Hu, X.F. Huang, B. Li, J. Li, L. Li, Y.H. Li, T.T. Liu, W.L. Liu, Y.Y. Liu, Z.C. Lu, X.L. Luo, T.Y. Ma, J.Q. Peng, X. Sheng, X.J. Shi, Y.H. Sun, G. Tian, K. Wang, L. Wang, R.N. Wu, Q. Xie, R.Y. Xu, J.S. Yang, L.L. Yang, Q. Yang, Y. Ye, H.Y. Yu, J.H. Yu, T. Yu, H. Zhai, Q. Zhan, G.S. Zhang, Q. Zhang, R. Zhang, Y. Zhang, W.Y. Zheng, B. Zhou, Z.H. Zhou, X.Y. Zhu, S. Kakkar, J.P.S. Sawhney, P. Jadhav, R. Durgaprasad, A.G. Ravi Shankar, R.K. Rajput, K. Bhargava, R. Sarma, A. Srinivas, D. Roy, U.M. Nagamalesh, M. Chopda, R. Kishore, G. Kulkarni, P. Chandwani, R.A. Pothiwala, M. Padinhare Purayil, S. Shah, K. Chawla, V.A. Kothiwale, B. Raghuraman, G. Vijayaraghavan, V.M. Vijan, G. Bantwal, V. Bisne, A. Khan, J.B. Gupta, S. Kumar, D. Jain, S. Abraham, D. Adak, A. Barai, H. Begum, P. Bhattacharjee, M. Dargude, D. Davies, B. Deshpande, P. Dhakrao, V. Dhyani, S. Duhan, M. Earath, A. Ganatra, S. Giradkar, V. Jain, R. Karthikeyan, L. Kasala, S. Kaur, S. Krishnappa, A. Lawande, B. Lokesh, N. Madarkar, R. Meena, P. More, D. Naik, K. Prashanth, M. Rao, N.M. Rao, N. Sadhu, D. Shah, M. Sharma, P. Shiva, S. Singhal, S. Suresh, V. Vanajakshamma, S.G. Panse, Y. Koretsune, S. Kanamori, K. Yamamoto, K. Kumagai, Y. Katsuda, K. Sadamatsu, F. Toyota, Y. Mizuno, I. Misumi, H. Noguchi, S. Ando, T. Suetsugu, M. Minamoto, Hiroshi Oda, K. Shiraishi, S. Adachi, K. Chiba, H. Norita, M. Tsuruta, T. Koyanagi, H. Ando, T. Higashi, K. Okada, S. Azakami, S. Komaki, K. Kumeda, T. Murayama, J. Matsumura, Y. Oba, R. Sonoda, K. Goto, K. Minoda, Y. Haraguchi, H. Suefuji, H. Miyagi, H. Kato, Tadashi Nakamura, Tsugihiro Nakamura, H. Nandate, R. Zaitsu, Yoshihisa Fujiura, A. Yoshimura, H. Numata, J. Ogawa, H. Tatematsu, Y. Kamogawa, K. Murakami, Y. Wakasa, M. Yamasawa, H. Maekawa, S. Abe, H. Kihara, S. Tsunoda, Katsumi Saito, Kazuyuki Saito, T. Fudo, K. Obunai, H. Tachibana, I. Oba, T. Kuwahata, S. Higa, M. Gushiken, T. Eto, H. Yoshida, D. Ikeda, Yoshitake Fujiura, M. Ishizawa, M. Nakatsuka, K. Murata, C. Ogurusu, M. Shimoyama, M. Akutsu, I. Takamura, F. Hoshino, N. Yokota, T. Iwao, K. Tsuchida, M. Takeuchi, Y. Hatori, Y. Kitami, Yoichi Nakamura, R. Oyama, M. Ageta, Hiroyuki Oda, Y. Go, K. Mishima, T. Unoki, S. Morii, Yuhei Shiga, H. Sumi, T. Nagatomo, K. Sanno, K. Fujisawa, Y. Atsuchi, T. Nagoshi, T. Seto, T. Tabuchi, M. Kameko, K. Nii, K. Oshiro, H. Takezawa, S. Nagano, N. Miyamoto, M. Iwaki, Yuichiro Nakamura, M. Fujii, M. Okawa, Masahiko Abe, Masatake Abe, Mitsunori Abe, T. Saito, T. Mito, K. Nagao, J. Minami, T. Mita, I. Sakuma, T. Taguchi, S. Marusaki, H. Doi, M. Tanaka, T. Fujito, M. Matsuta, T. Kusumoto, S. Kakinoki, K. Ashida, N. Yoshizawa, J. Agata, O. Arasaki, M. Manita, M. Ikemura, S. Fukuoka, H. Murakami, S. Matsukawa, Y. Hata, T. Taniguchi, T. Ko, H. Kubo, M. Imamaki, M. Akiyama, M. Inagaki, H. Odakura, T. Ueda, Y. Katsube, A. Nakata, H. Watanabe, M. Techigawara, M. Igarashi, K. Taga, T. Kimura, S. Tomimoto, M. Shibuya, M. Nakano, K. Ito, T. Seo, S. Hiramitsu, H. Hosokawa, M. Hoshiai, M. Hibino, K. Miyagawa, Hajime Horie, N. Sugishita, Yukio Shiga, A. Soma, K. Neya, Tetsuro Yoshida, Tomoki Yoshida, M. Mizuguchi, M. Ishiguro, T. Minagawa, M. Wada, H. Mukawa, F. Okuda, S. Nagasaka, Y. Abe, Sen Adachi, Susumu Adachi, T. Adachi, K. Akahane, T. Amano, K. Aoki, T. Aoyama, H. Arai, S. Arima, T. Arino, H. Asano, T. Asano, J. Azuma, T. Baba, T. Betsuyaku, H. Chibana, H. Date, J. Doiuchi, Y. Emura, M. Endo, Y. Fujii, R. Fujiki, A. Fujisawa, Y. Fujisawa, T. Fukuda, T. Fukui, N. Furukawa, T. Furukawa, W. Furumoto, T. Goto, M. Hamaoka, N. Hanazono, K. Hasegawa, T. Hatsuno, Y. Hayashi, K. Higuchi, K. Hirasawa, H. Hirayama, M. Hirose, S. Hirota, M. Honda, Hideki Horie, T. Ido, O. Iiji, H. Ikeda, K. Ikeda, K. Ikeoka, M. Imaizumi, H. Inaba, T. Inoue, F. Iseki, A. Ishihara, N. Ishioka, N. Ito, T. Iwase, H. Kakuda, J. Kamata, H. Kanai, H. Kanda, M. Kaneko, H. Kano, T. Kasai, T. Kato, Y. Kato, Y. Kawada, K. Kawai, K. Kawakami, S. Kawakami, T. Kawamoto, S. Kawano, J. Kim, T. Kira, H. Kitazawa, H. Kitazumi, T. Kito, T. Kobayashi, T. Koeda, J. Kojima, H. Komatsu, I. Komatsu, Y. Koshibu, T. Kotani, T. Kozuka, Y. Kumai, T. Kumazaki, I. Maeda, K. Maeda, Y. Maruyama, S. Matsui, K. Matsushita, Y. Matsuura, K. Mineoi, H. Mitsuhashi, N. Miura, S. Miyaguchi, S. Miyajima, H. Miyamoto, A. Miyashita, S. Miyata, I. Mizuguchi, A. Mizuno, T. Mori, O. Moriai, K. Morishita, O. Murai, Sho Nagai, Shunichi Nagai, E. Nagata, H. Nagata, A. Nakagomi, S. Nakahara, M. Nakamura, R. Nakamura, N. Nakanishi, T. Nakayama, R. Nakazato, T. Nanke, J. Nariyama, Y. Niijima, H. Niinuma, Y. Nishida, Y. Nishihata, K. Nishino, H. Nishioka, K. Nishizawa, I. Niwa, K. Nomura, S. Nomura, M. Nozoe, T. Ogawa, N. Ohara, M. Okada, K. Okamoto, H. Okita, M. Okuyama, H. Ono, T. Ono, Y. Onuki Pearce, S. Oriso, A. Ota, E. Otaki, Y. Saito, H. Sakai, N. Sakamoto, Y. Sakamoto, Y. Samejima, Y. Sasagawa, H. Sasaguri, A. Sasaki, T. Sasaki, Kazuki Sato, Kiyoharu Sato, M. Sawano, S. Seki, Y. Sekine, Y. Seta, K. Sezaki, N. Shibata, Y. Shiina, H. Shimono, Y. Shimoyama, T. Shindo, H. Shinohara, R. Shinohe, T. Shinozuka, T. Shirai, T. Shiraiwa, Y. Shozawa, T. Suga, C. Sugimoto, Kazuo Suzuki, Keita Suzuki, Shu Suzuki, Shunji Suzuki, Susumu Suzuki, Y. Suzuki, M. Tada, A. Taguchi, T. Takagi, Y. Takagi, K. Takahashi, S. Takahashi, H. Takai, C. Takanaka, S. Take, H. Takeda, K. Takei, K. Takenaka, T. Tana, G. Tanabe, K. Taya, H. Teragawa, S. Tohyo, S. Toru, Y. Tsuchiya, T. Tsuji, K. Tsuzaki, H. Uchiyama, O. Ueda, Y. Ueyama, N. Wakaki, T. Wakiyama, T. Washizuka, M. Watanabe, T. Yamada, T. Yamagishi, H. Yamaguchi, Kenichi Yamamoto, Kentaro Yamamoto, Kunihiko Yamamoto, T. Yamamoto, M. Yamaura, M. Yamazoe, K. Yasui, Y. Yokoyama, K. Yoshida, T.W. Lim, C.K. Ching, C.G. Foo, J.H. Chow, D.D. Chen, F.R. Jaufeerally, Y.M. Lee, G. Lim, W.T. Lim, S. Thng, S.Y. Yap, C. Yeo, S. Oh, H.N. Pak, J.-B. Kim, J.H. Kim, S.-W. Jang, D.H. Kim, D.R. Ryu, S.W. Park, D.-K. Kim, D.J. Choi, Y.S. Oh, M.-C. Cho, S.-H. Kim, H.-K. Jeon, D.-G. 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Vorster, A. Waldman, L. Wallis, E. Wilford, K. Wong, S.J. Connolly, A. Spyropoulos, J. Eikelboom, R. Luton, M. Gupta, A.S. Pandey, S. Cheung, R. Leader, P. Beaudry, F. Ayala-Paredes, J. Berlingieri, J. Heath, G. Poirier, M. Du Preez, R. Nadeau, G. Dresser, R. Dhillon, T. Hruczkowski, B. Schweitzer, B. Coutu, P. Angaran, P. MacDonald, S. Vizel, S. Fikry, R. Parkash, A. Lavoie, J. Cha, B. Ramjattan, J. Bonet, K. Ahmad, L. Aro, T. Aves, K. Beaudry, C. Bergeron, J. Bigcanoe, N. Bignell, L. Breakwell, E. Burke, L. Carroll, B. Clarke, T. Cleveland, S. Daheb, P. Dehghani, I. Denis, Z. Djaidani, P. Dorian, S. Douglass, J. Dunnigan, A. Ewert, D. Farquhar, A. Fearon, L. Ferleyko, D. Fournier, B. Fox, M.-C. Grenier, W. Gulliver, K. Haveman, C. Hines, K. Hines, A.M. Jackson, C. Jean, G. Jethoo, R. Kahlon, S. Kelly, R. Kim, V. Korley, J. Kornder, L. Kwan, J. Largy, C. Lewis, S. Lewis, I. Mangat, R. Moor, J. Navratil, I. Neas, J. Otis, R. Otis, M. Pandey, F. Petrie, A. Pinter, M. Raines, P. Roberts, M. Robinson, G. Sas, S. Schulman, L. Snell, S. Spearson, J. Stevenson, T. Trahey, S. Wong, D. Wright, H. Ragy, A. Abd El-Aziz, S.K. Abou Seif, M.G. El Din, S. El Etriby, A. Elbahry, A. El-Etreby, M. Elkhadem, A. Katta, T. Khairy, A. Mowafy, M. Nawar, A. Ohanissian, A. Reda, M. Reda, H. Salem, N. Sami, S. Samir, M. Setiha, M. Sobhy, A. Soliman, N. Taha, M. Tawfik, E. Zaatout, D. Kettles, J. Bayat, H. Siebert, A. Horak, Y. Kelfkens, R. Garda, T. Pillay, M. Guerra, L. van Zyl, H. Theron, A. Murray, R. Louw, D. Greyling, P. Mntla, V. Ueckermann, R. Loghdey, S. Ismail, F. Ahmed, J. Engelbrecht, A. Ramdass, S. Maharajh, W. Oosthuysen, G. Angel, C. Bester, M. Booysen, C. Boshoff, C. Cannon, S. Cassimjee, C. Chami, G. Conway, A. Davids, L. de Meyer, G. Du Plessis, T. Ellis, L. Henley, M. Karsten, E. Loyd, J. Marks, L. Mavhusa, M. Mostert, A. Page, L. Rikhotso, M. Salie, J. Sasto, F. Shaik, A. Skein, L. Smith, G. Tarr, T. Tau, F. van Zyl, W. Al Mahmeed, G. Yousef, A. Agrawal, M. Nathani, M. Ibrahim, E.M. Esheiba, R. Singh, A. Naguib, M. Abu-Mahfouz, M. Al Omairi, A. Al Naeemi, R. Maruthanayagam, N. Bazargani, A. Wassef, R. Gupta, M. Khan, B. Subbaraman, A. Abdul, A. Al Mulla, S. El Bardisy, P. Haridas, S. Jadhav, K. Magdaluyo, M. Makdad, I. Maqsood, R. Mohamed, N. Sharma, R. Sharma, M. Thanzeel, S.Z. Goldhaber, R. Canosa, P. Rama, E. Blumberg, J. Garcia, P. Mullen, V. Wilson, A. Quick, K. Ferrick, W.M. Kutayli, M. Cox, M. Franco, S. Falkowski, R. Mendelson, M. Williams, S. Miller, S. Beach, A. Alfieri, T. Gutowski, I. Haque, R. Reddy, W. Ahmed, P. Delafontaine, D. Diercks, D. Theodoro, K. Remmel, M. Alberts, R. Ison, H. Noveck, P. Duffy, S. Pitta, D. Nishijima, C. Treasure, N. Asafu-Adjaye, K. Ball, M. Bartlett, M. Bentley, S. Bowers, A. Brown, A. Browne, J. Cameron-Watts, M. Canova, D. Cassidy, K. Cervellione, S. Congal, J. DePauw, A. Dickerson, M. Eley, L. Evans, S. Felpel, K. Ferdinand, D. Fielder, P. Gentry, A. Haideri, F. Hakimi, T. Harbour, E. Hartranft, B. Hawkins, M. Headlee, L. Henson, C. Herrick, T. Hicks, S. Jasinski, A. Jones, L. Jones, P. Jones, S. Karl, M. Keeling, J. Kerr, P. Knowles, J. Langdon, M. Lay, J.A. Lee, T. Lincoln, E. Malone, A. Merliss, D. Merritt, J. Minardo, B. Mooso, C. Orosco, V. Palumbo, M. Parker, T. Parrott, S. Paserchia, G. Pearl, J. Peterson, N. Pickelsimer, T. Purcell, J. Raynor, S. Raziano, C. Richard, T. Richardson, C. Robertson, A. Sage, T. Sanghera, P. Shaw, J. Shoemaker, K. Smith, B. Stephanie, A. Thatcher, H. Theobald, N. Thompson, L. Treasure, T. Tripti, C. Verdi, and V. Worthy

Subjects
Surgery, RD1-811, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Background: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD–Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. Methods and results: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012–2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P

Published
2018
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17. Ultrafast Optical Control of Exciton Diffusion in WSe$_2$/Graphene Heterostructures Revealed by Heterodyne Transient Grating Spectroscopy

Author

Rieland, Lukas, Wagner, Julian, Bernhardt, Robin, Wang, Tianyi, Abdul-Aziz, Omar, Stein, Philipp, Pogna, Eva Arianna Aurelia, Conte, Stefano Dal, Cerullo, Giulio, Hedayat, Hamoon, and van Loosdrecht, Paul H. M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

Using heterodyne transient grating spectroscopy, we observe a significant enhancement of exciton diffusion within a monolayer WSe$_2$ stacked on top of graphene. We further demonstrate that the diffusion dynamics can be optically tuned on the ultrafast time scale (i.e. a few picoseconds) by altering the photoexcited charge carrier density in graphene. The results reveal that, on a time scale of a few picoseconds, the effective diffusion constant in the WSe$_2$/graphene heterostructure is approximately 40 cm$^2 $/s, representing a substantial improvement over the 2 cm$^2 $/s typical for an isolated monolayer of WSe$_2$. The enhanced diffusion can be understood in terms of a transient screening of impurities, charge traps, and defect states in WSe$_2$ by photoexcited charge carriers in graphene. Furthermore, we observe that the diffusion within WSe$_2$ is affected by interlayer interactions, like charge transfer, exhibiting different dynamic states depending on the incident excitation fluence. These findings underscore the dynamic nature of screening and diffusion processes in heterostructures of 2D semiconductors and graphene and provide valuable insights for future applications of these systems in ultrafast optoelectronic devices.

Published
2024

18. John's blow up examples and scattering solutions for semi-linear wave equations

Author

Bernhardt, Louie, Schlue, Volker, and Yu, Dongxiao

Subjects
Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs
Abstract

In light of recent work of the third author, we revisit a classic example given by Fritz John of a semi-linear wave equation which exhibits finite in time blow up for all compactly supported data. We present the construction of future global solutions from asymptotic data given in arXiv:2204.12870(2022) for this specific example, and clarify the relation of this result of Yu to John's theorem. Furthermore we present a novel blow up result for finite energy solutions satisfying a sign condition due to the first author, and invoke this result to show that the constructed backwards in time solutions blow up in the past., Comment: Contributed article to MATRIX Annals, for the MATRIX workshop "Hyperbolic PDEs and Nonlinear Evolution Problems", held in Creswick, Australia, from September 17 -- 30, 2023

Published
2024

19. Ground- and excited-state properties of LiNb$_{1-x}$Ta$_x$O$_3$ solid solutions

Author

Bernhardt, Felix, Pfeiffer, Florian A., Schug, Felix, Pfannstiel, Anton, Hehemann, Tobias, Ganschow, Steffen, Imlau, Mirco, and Sanna, Simone

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

LiNb$_{1-x}$Ta$_x$O$_3$ solid solutions are investigated from first principles and by optical spectroscopy. The ground- and excited-state properties of the solid solutions are modelled within density functional theory as a function of the Ta concentration using special quasirandom structures spanning the entire composition range between LiNbO$_3$ and LiTaO$_3$. Deviations from a Vegard behavior are predicted for the lattice parameters, the heat capacity, the electronic bandgap, and consequently the absorption edge. The latter is measured for crystals of different composition by low temperature optical spectroscopy, qualitatively confirming the theoretical predictions. The LiNb$_{0.11}$Ta$_{0.89}$O$_3$ composition is found to be a highly unusual crystal with a permanent macroscopic electric polarization and nonetheless zero birefringence.

Published
2024

20. Ferroelectric to paraelectric structural transition in LiTaO$_3$ and LiNbO$_3$

Author

Bernhardt, Felix, Verhoff, Leonard M., Schäfer, Nils A., Kapp, Alexander, Fink, Christa, Nachwati, Wafaa Al, Bashir, Umar, Klimm, Detlef, Azzouzi, Fatima El, Yakhnevych, Uliana, Suhak, Yuriy, Schmidt, Harald, Becker, Klaus-Dieter, Ganschow, Steffen, Fritze, Holger, and Sanna, Simone

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

The ferroelectric to paraelectric phase transition in LiTaO$_3$ and in pure as well as Mg doped LiNbO$_3$ is investigated theoretically by atomistic calculations in the framework of the density functional theory, as well as experimentally by calorimetry and electrical conductivity measurements. First principles models within the stochastic self-consistent harmonic approximation (SSCHA) allow to consider anharmonic effects and thus to obtain a realistic estimate of the Curie temperature $T_C$ of both ferroelectrics. \textit{Ab initio} molecular dynamics (AIMD) calculations performed on large supercells confirm the Curie temperatures estimated with the SSCHA approach. Moreover, they also suggest that the structural phase transition is a continuous process beginning at temperatures well below $T_C$. According to AIMD, significant ionic displacements occurr already at temperatures of about 100\,K and 300\,K below $T_C$ in LiTaO$_3$ and LiNbO$_3$, respectively. To asses whether and how far the ionic displacements affect the materials properties, the AIMD results are compared with measurements of the electrical conductivity and of the heat capacity across the phase transition. Our first principles calculations moreover show that Mg ions, a frequently employed dopant, raise the Curie temperature in LiNbO$_3$.

Published
2024

21. Lattice dynamics of LiNb$_{\text{1-x}}$Ta$_{\text{x}}$O$_{\text{3}}$ solid solutions: Theory and experiment

Author

Bernhardt, Felix, Gharat, Soham, Kapp, Alexander, Pfeiffer, Florian, Buschbeck, Robin, Hempel, Franz, Pashkin, Oleksiy, Kehr, Susanne C., Rüsing, Michael, Sanna, Simone, and Eng, Lukas M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Lithium niobate (LNO) and lithium tantalate (LTO) see widespread use in fundamental research and commercial technologies reaching from electronics over classical optics to integrated quantum communication. In recent years, the mixed crystal system lithium niobate tantalate (LNT) allows for the dedicate engineering of material properties by combining the advantages of the two parental materials LNO and LTO. Vibrational spectroscopies such as Raman spectroscopy or (Fourier transform) infrared spectroscopy are vital techniques to provide detailed insight into the material properties, which is central to the analysis and optimization of devices. In this work, we present a joint experimental-theoretical approach allowing to unambiguously assign the spectral features in the LNT material family through both Raman and IR spectroscopy, as well as to provide an in-depth explanation for the observed scattering efficiencies based on first-principles calculations. The phononic contribution to the static dielectric tensor is calculated from the experimental and theoretical data using the generalized Lyddane-Sachs-Teller relation and compared with the results of the first-principles calculations. The joint methodology can be readily expanded to other materials and serves, e.g., as the basis for studying the role of point defects or doping.

Published
2024

22. Orientation-Driven Large Magnetic Hysteresis of Er(III) Cyclooctatetraenide-Based Single-Ion Magnets Adsorbed on Ag(100)

Author

Romankov, Vladyslav, Bernhardt, Moritz, Heinrich, Martin, Vaclavkova, Diana, Harriman, Katie, Daffé, Niéli, Delley, Bernard, Korzyński, Maciej Damian, Muntwiler, Matthias, Copéret, Christophe, Murugesu, Muralee, Nolting, Frithjof, and Dreiser, Jan

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

The molecular self-assembly and the magnetic properties of two cyclooctatetraenide (COT) - based single-ion magnets (SIM) adsorbed on Ag(100) in the sub-monolayer range are reported. Our study combines scanning-tunneling microscopy, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and polarized X-ray absorption spectroscopy to show that Cp*ErCOT (Cp* = 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentadienide anion) SIMs self-assemble as alternating compact parallel rows including standing-up and lying-down conformations, following the main crystallographic directions of the substrate. Conversely, K[Er(COT)$_2$], obtained from subliming the [K(18-c-6)][Er(COT)$_2$]$\cdot$ 2THF salt, forms uniaxially ordered domains with the (COT)$^{2-}$ rings perpendicular to the substrate plane. The polarization-dependent X-ray absorption spectra reproduced by the multiX simulations suggest that the strong in-plane magnetic anisotropy of K[Er(COT)$_2$]/Ag(100) and the weak out-of-plane anisotropy of Cp*ErCOT/Ag(100) can be attributed to the strikingly different surface ordering of these two complexes. Compared to the bulk phase, surface-supported K[Er(COT)$_2$] exhibits a similarly large hysteresis opening, while the Cp*ErCOT shows a rather small opening. This result reveals that despite structural similarities, the two organometallic SMMs have strongly different magnetic properties when adsorbed on the metal substrate, attributed to the different orientations and the resulting interactions of the ligand rings with the surface.

Published
2024

23. Gradients of brain organization: Smooth sailing from methods development to user community

Author

Royer, Jessica, Paquola, Casey, Valk, Sofie L., Kirschner, Matthias, Hong, Seok-Jun, Park, Bo-yong, Bethlehem, Richard A. I., Leech, Robert, Yeo, B. T. Thomas, Jefferies, Elizabeth, Smallwood, Jonathan, Margulies, Daniel, and Bernhardt, Boris C.

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Other Quantitative Biology
Abstract

Multimodal neuroimaging grants a powerful in vivo window into the structure and function of the human brain. Recent methodological and conceptual advances have enabled investigations of the interplay between large-scale spatial trends, or gradients, in brain structure and function, offering a framework to unify principles of brain organization across multiple scales. Strong community enthusiasm for these techniques has been instrumental in their widespread adoption and implementation to answer key questions in neuroscience. Following a brief review of current literature on this framework, this perspective paper will highlight how pragmatic steps aiming to make gradient methods more accessible to the community propelled these techniques to the forefront of neuroscientific inquiry. More specifically, we will emphasize how interest for gradient methods was catalyzed by data sharing, open-source software development, as well as the organization of dedicated workshops led by a diverse team of early career researchers. To this end, we argue that the growing excitement for brain gradients is the result of coordinated and consistent efforts to build an inclusive community and can serve as a case in point for future innovations and conceptual advances in neuroinformatics. We close this perspective paper by discussing challenges for the continuous refinement of neuroscientific theory, methodological innovation, and real-world translation to maintain our collective progress towards integrated models of brain organization.

Published
2024

24. Brain‐age prediction: Systematic evaluation of site effects, and sample age range and size

Author

Yu, Yuetong, Cui, Hao‐Qi, Haas, Shalaila S, New, Faye, Sanford, Nicole, Yu, Kevin, Zhan, Denghuang, Yang, Guoyuan, Gao, Jia‐Hong, Wei, Dongtao, Qiu, Jiang, Banaj, Nerisa, Boomsma, Dorret I, Breier, Alan, Brodaty, Henry, Buckner, Randy L, Buitelaar, Jan K, Cannon, Dara M, Caseras, Xavier, Clark, Vincent P, Conrod, Patricia J, Crivello, Fabrice, Crone, Eveline A, Dannlowski, Udo, Davey, Christopher G, de Haan, Lieuwe, de Zubicaray, Greig I, Di Giorgio, Annabella, Fisch, Lukas, Fisher, Simon E, Franke, Barbara, Glahn, David C, Grotegerd, Dominik, Gruber, Oliver, Gur, Raquel E, Gur, Ruben C, Hahn, Tim, Harrison, Ben J, Hatton, Sean, Hickie, Ian B, Pol, Hilleke E Hulshoff, Jamieson, Alec J, Jernigan, Terry L, Jiang, Jiyang, Kalnin, Andrew J, Kang, Sim, Kochan, Nicole A, Kraus, Anna, Lagopoulos, Jim, Lazaro, Luisa, McDonald, Brenna C, McDonald, Colm, McMahon, Katie L, Mwangi, Benson, Piras, Fabrizio, Rodriguez‐Cruces, Raul, Royer, Jessica, Sachdev, Perminder S, Satterthwaite, Theodore D, Saykin, Andrew J, Schumann, Gunter, Sevaggi, Pierluigi, Smoller, Jordan W, Soares, Jair C, Spalletta, Gianfranco, Tamnes, Christian K, Trollor, Julian N, Ent, Dennis Van't, Vecchio, Daniela, Walter, Henrik, Wang, Yang, Weber, Bernd, Wen, Wei, Wierenga, Lara M, Williams, Steven CR, Wu, Mon‐Ju, Zunta‐Soares, Giovana B, Bernhardt, Boris, Thompson, Paul, Frangou, Sophia, Ge, Ruiyang, and Group, ENIGMA‐Lifespan Working

Subjects
Biological Psychology, Psychology, Neurosciences, Clinical Research, Aging, Neurological, Mental health, Humans, Adolescent, Female, Aged, Adult, Child, Young Adult, Male, Brain, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Preschool, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neuroimaging, Sample Size, benchmarking, brain aging, brainAGE, ENIGMA‐Lifespan Working Group, Cognitive Sciences, Experimental Psychology, Biological psychology, Cognitive and computational psychology
Abstract

Structural neuroimaging data have been used to compute an estimate of the biological age of the brain (brain-age) which has been associated with other biologically and behaviorally meaningful measures of brain development and aging. The ongoing research interest in brain-age has highlighted the need for robust and publicly available brain-age models pre-trained on data from large samples of healthy individuals. To address this need we have previously released a developmental brain-age model. Here we expand this work to develop, empirically validate, and disseminate a pre-trained brain-age model to cover most of the human lifespan. To achieve this, we selected the best-performing model after systematically examining the impact of seven site harmonization strategies, age range, and sample size on brain-age prediction in a discovery sample of brain morphometric measures from 35,683 healthy individuals (age range: 5-90 years; 53.59% female). The pre-trained models were tested for cross-dataset generalizability in an independent sample comprising 2101 healthy individuals (age range: 8-80 years; 55.35% female) and for longitudinal consistency in a further sample comprising 377 healthy individuals (age range: 9-25 years; 49.87% female). This empirical examination yielded the following findings: (1) the accuracy of age prediction from morphometry data was higher when no site harmonization was applied; (2) dividing the discovery sample into two age-bins (5-40 and 40-90 years) provided a better balance between model accuracy and explained age variance than other alternatives; (3) model accuracy for brain-age prediction plateaued at a sample size exceeding 1600 participants. These findings have been incorporated into CentileBrain (https://centilebrain.org/#/brainAGE2), an open-science, web-based platform for individualized neuroimaging metrics.

Published
2024

25. Connectome architecture shapes large-scale cortical alterations in schizophrenia: a worldwide ENIGMA study.

Author

Georgiadis, Foivos, Larivière, Sara, Glahn, David, Hong, L, Kochunov, Peter, Mowry, Bryan, Loughland, Carmel, Pantelis, Christos, Henskens, Frans, Green, Melissa, Cairns, Murray, Michie, Patricia, Rasser, Paul, Catts, Stanley, Tooney, Paul, Scott, Rodney, Schall, Ulrich, Carr, Vaughan, Quidé, Yann, Krug, Axel, Stein, Frederike, Nenadić, Igor, Brosch, Katharina, Kircher, Tilo, Gur, Raquel, Gur, Ruben, Satterthwaite, Theodore, Karuk, Andriana, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Radua, Joaquim, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, Salvador, Raymond, Spalletta, Gianfranco, Voineskos, Aristotle, Sim, Kang, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Tordesillas Gutiérrez, Diana, Ehrlich, Stefan, Crossley, Nicolas, Grotegerd, Dominik, Repple, Jonathan, Lencer, Rebekka, Dannlowski, Udo, Calhoun, Vince, Rootes-Murdy, Kelly, Demro, Caroline, Ramsay, Ian, Sponheim, Scott, Schmidt, Andre, Borgwardt, Stefan, Tomyshev, Alexander, Lebedeva, Irina, Höschl, Cyril, Spaniel, Filip, Preda, Adrian, Nguyen, Dana, Uhlmann, Anne, Stein, Dan, Howells, Fleur, Temmingh, Henk, Diaz Zuluaga, Ana, López Jaramillo, Carlos, Iasevoli, Felice, Ji, Ellen, Homan, Stephanie, Omlor, Wolfgang, Homan, Philipp, Kaiser, Stefan, Seifritz, Erich, Misic, Bratislav, Valk, Sofie, Thompson, Paul, Van Erp, Theodorus, Turner, Jessica, Bernhardt, Boris, and Kirschner, Matthias

Subjects
Humans, Schizophrenia, Connectome, Adult, Female, Male, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cerebral Cortex, Nerve Net, Brain, Middle Aged, Neural Pathways, Young Adult
Abstract

Schizophrenia is a prototypical network disorder with widespread brain-morphological alterations, yet it remains unclear whether these distributed alterations robustly reflect the underlying network layout. We tested whether large-scale structural alterations in schizophrenia relate to normative structural and functional connectome architecture, and systematically evaluated robustness and generalizability of these network-level alterations. Leveraging anatomical MRI scans from 2439 adults with schizophrenia and 2867 healthy controls from 26 ENIGMA sites and normative data from the Human Connectome Project (n = 207), we evaluated structural alterations of schizophrenia against two network susceptibility models: (i) hub vulnerability, which examines associations between regional network centrality and magnitude of disease-related alterations; (ii) epicenter mapping, which identifies regions whose typical connectivity profile most closely resembles the disease-related morphological alterations. To assess generalizability and specificity, we contextualized the influence of site, disease stages, and individual clinical factors and compared network associations of schizophrenia with that found in affective disorders. Our findings show schizophrenia-related cortical thinning is spatially associated with functional and structural hubs, suggesting that highly interconnected regions are more vulnerable to morphological alterations. Predominantly temporo-paralimbic and frontal regions emerged as epicenters with connectivity profiles linked to schizophrenias alteration patterns. Findings were robust across sites, disease stages, and related to individual symptoms. Moreover, transdiagnostic comparisons revealed overlapping epicenters in schizophrenia and bipolar, but not major depressive disorder, suggestive of a pathophysiological continuity within the schizophrenia-bipolar-spectrum. In sum, cortical alterations over the course of schizophrenia robustly follow brain network architecture, emphasizing marked hub susceptibility and temporo-frontal epicenters at both the level of the group and the individual. Subtle variations of epicenters across disease stages suggest interacting pathological processes, while associations with patient-specific symptoms support additional inter-individual variability of hub vulnerability and epicenters in schizophrenia. Our work outlines potential pathways to better understand macroscale structural alterations, and inter- individual variability in schizophrenia.

Published
2024

26. Microbial Ecology and Site Characteristics Underlie Differences in Salinity‐Methane Relationships in Coastal Wetlands

Author

de Mesquita, Clifton P Bueno, Hartman, Wyatt H, Ardón, Marcelo, Bernhardt, Emily S, Neubauer, Scott C, Weston, Nathaniel B, and Tringe, Susannah G

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Geophysics, Climate Action, methane, methanogenesis, seawater intrusion, microbial ecology, biogeochemistry, greenhouse gases
Abstract

Methane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas emitted by archaea in anaerobic environments such as wetland soils. Tidal freshwater wetlands are predicted to become increasingly saline as sea levels rise due to climate change. Previous work has shown that increases in salinity generally decrease CH4 emissions, but with considerable variation, including instances where salinization increased CH4 flux. We measured microbial community composition, biogeochemistry, and CH4 flux from field samples and lab experiments from four different sites across a wide geographic range. We sought to assess how site differences and microbial ecology affect how CH4 emissions are influenced by salinization. CH4 flux was generally, but not always, positively correlated with CO2 flux, soil carbon, ammonium, phosphate, and pH. Methanogen guilds were positively correlated with CH4 flux across all sites, while methanotroph guilds were both positively and negatively correlated with CH4 depending on site. There was mixed support for negative relationships between CH4 fluxes and concentrations of alternative electron acceptors and abundances of taxa that reduce them. CH4/salinity relationships ranged from negative, to neutral, to positive and appeared to be influenced by site characteristics such as pH and plant composition, which also likely contributed to site differences in microbial communities. The activity of site-specific microbes that may respond differently to low-level salinity increases is likely an important driver of CH4/salinity relationships. Our results suggest several factors that make it difficult to generalize CH4/salinity relationships and highlight the need for paired microbial and flux measurements across a broader range of sites.

Published
2024

27. Chemical Proteomics Strategies for Analyzing Protein Lipidation Reveal the Bacterial O-Mycoloylome.

Author

Banahene, Nicholas, Peters-Clarke, Trenton, Biegas, Kyle, Shishkova, Evgenia, Hart, Elizabeth, McKitterick, Amelia, Kambitsis, Nikolas, Johnson, Ulysses, Bernhardt, Thomas, Coon, Joshua, and Swarts, Benjamin

Subjects
Proteomics, Bacterial Proteins, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Mycolic Acids, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Chromatography, Liquid, Acylation, Click Chemistry
Abstract

Protein lipidation dynamically controls protein localization and function within cellular membranes. A unique form of protein O-fatty acylation in Corynebacterium, termed protein O-mycoloylation, involves the attachment of mycolic acids─unusually large and hydrophobic fatty acids─to serine residues of proteins in these organisms outer mycomembrane. However, as with other forms of protein lipidation, the scope and functional consequences of protein O-mycoloylation are challenging to investigate due to the inherent difficulties of enriching and analyzing lipidated peptides. To facilitate the analysis of protein lipidation and enable the comprehensive profiling and site mapping of protein O-mycoloylation, we developed a chemical proteomics strategy integrating metabolic labeling, click chemistry, cleavable linkers, and a novel liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method employing LC separation and complementary fragmentation methods tailored to the analysis of lipophilic, MS-labile O-acylated peptides. Using these tools in the model organism Corynebacterium glutamicum, we identified approximately 30 candidate O-mycoloylated proteins, including porins, mycoloyltransferases, secreted hydrolases, and other proteins with cell envelope-related functions─consistent with a role for O-mycoloylation in targeting proteins to the mycomembrane. Site mapping revealed that many of the proteins contained multiple spatially proximal modification sites, which occurred predominantly at serine residues surrounded by conformationally flexible peptide motifs. Overall, this study (i) discloses the putative protein O-mycoloylome for the first time, (ii) yields new insights into the undercharacterized proteome of the mycomembrane, which is a hallmark of important pathogens (e.g., Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis), and (iii) provides generally applicable chemical strategies for the proteomic analysis of protein lipidation.

Published
2024

30. Fast GPU-based Monte Carlo code for SPECT/CT reconstructions generates improved 177Lu images

Author

T. Rydén, J. Heydorn Lagerlöf, J. Hemmingsson, I. Marin, J. Svensson, M. Båth, P. Gjertsson, and P. Bernhardt

Subjects
Monte Carlo, GPU, SPECT, OSEM, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920
Abstract

Abstract Background Full Monte Carlo (MC)-based SPECT reconstructions have a strong potential for correcting for image degrading factors, but the reconstruction times are long. The objective of this study was to develop a highly parallel Monte Carlo code for fast, ordered subset expectation maximum (OSEM) reconstructions of SPECT/CT images. The MC code was written in the Compute Unified Device Architecture language for a computer with four graphics processing units (GPUs) (GeForce GTX Titan X, Nvidia, USA). This enabled simulations of parallel photon emissions from the voxels matrix (1283 or 2563). Each computed tomography (CT) number was converted to attenuation coefficients for photo absorption, coherent scattering, and incoherent scattering. For photon scattering, the deflection angle was determined by the differential scattering cross sections. An angular response function was developed and used to model the accepted angles for photon interaction with the crystal, and a detector scattering kernel was used for modeling the photon scattering in the detector. Predefined energy and spatial resolution kernels for the crystal were used. The MC code was implemented in the OSEM reconstruction of clinical and phantom 177Lu SPECT/CT images. The Jaszczak image quality phantom was used to evaluate the performance of the MC reconstruction in comparison with attenuated corrected (AC) OSEM reconstructions and attenuated corrected OSEM reconstructions with resolution recovery corrections (RRC). Result The performance of the MC code was 3200 million photons/s. The required number of photons emitted per voxel to obtain a sufficiently low noise level in the simulated image was 200 for a 1283 voxel matrix. With this number of emitted photons/voxel, the MC-based OSEM reconstruction with ten subsets was performed within 20 s/iteration. The images converged after around six iterations. Therefore, the reconstruction time was around 3 min. The activity recovery for the spheres in the Jaszczak phantom was clearly improved with MC-based OSEM reconstruction, e.g., the activity recovery was 88% for the largest sphere, while it was 66% for AC-OSEM and 79% for RRC-OSEM. Conclusion The GPU-based MC code generated an MC-based SPECT/CT reconstruction within a few minutes, and reconstructed patient images of 177Lu-DOTATATE treatments revealed clearly improved resolution and contrast.

Published
2018
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33. GFAP and NfL as fluid biomarkers for clinical disease severity and disease progression in multiple system atrophy (MSA)

Author

Katzdobler, Sabrina, Nübling, Georg, Klietz, Martin, Fietzek, Urban M., Palleis, Carla, Bernhardt, Alexander M., Wegner, Florian, Huber, Meret, Rogozinski, Sophia, Schneider, Luisa-Sophie, Spruth, Eike Jakob, Beyle, Aline, Vogt, Ina R., Brandt, Moritz, Hansen, Niels, Glanz, Wenzel, Brockmann, Kathrin, Spottke, Annika, Hoffmann, Daniel C., Peters, Oliver, Priller, Josef, Wiltfang, Jens, Düzel, Emrah, Schneider, Anja, Falkenburger, Björn, Klockgether, Thomas, Gasser, Thomas, Nuscher, Brigitte, Haass, Christian, Höglinger, Günter, and Levin, Johannes

Published
2024
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34. Resolving spatial response heterogeneity in glioblastoma

Author

Ziegenfeuter, Julian, Delbridge, Claire, Bernhardt, Denise, Gempt, Jens, Schmidt-Graf, Friederike, Hedderich, Dennis, Griessmair, Michael, Thomas, Marie, Meyer, Hanno S, Zimmer, Claus, Meyer, Bernhard, Combs, Stephanie E, Yakushev, Igor, Metz, Marie-Christin, and Wiestler, Benedikt

Published
2024
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36. Broadband near-ultraviolet dual comb spectroscopy

Author

Fuerst, Lukas, Kirchner, Adrian, Eber, Alexander, Siegrist, Florian, di Vora, Robert, and Bernhardt, Birgitta

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Physics - Atomic Physics, Physics - Chemical Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The highly energetic photons of ultraviolet light drive electronic and rovibronic transitions in all molecular species. This radiation is thus a prime tool for strongly selective spectroscopic fingerprinting and real-time environmental monitoring if broad spectral coverage, short acquisition times and high spectral resolution is achieved - requirements that are in mutual competition in traditional applications. As a novel approach with intrinsic potency in all three aspects, here we introduce ultraviolet dual comb spectroscopy using two broadband ultraviolet frequency combs centered at 871 THz and covering a spectral bandwidth of 35.7 THz. Within a 100 us acquisition time window, we obtain rotational state-resolved absorption spectra of formaldehyde, a prototype molecule with high relevance for laser spectroscopy and environmental sciences. This is the first realization of broadband dual comb spectroscopy in the ultraviolet spectral region and a pioneering tool to allow for real-time monitoring of rovibronic transitions., Comment: 17 pages, 10 figures

Published
2023
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42. Neuronal and oligodendroglial, but not astroglial, tau translates to in vivo tau PET signals in individuals with primary tauopathies

Author

Slemann, Luna, Gnörich, Johannes, Hummel, Selina, Bartos, Laura M., Klaus, Carolin, Kling, Agnes, Kusche-Palenga, Julia, Kunte, Sebastian T., Kunze, Lea H., Englert, Amelie L., Li, Yunlei, Vogler, Letizia, Katzdobler, Sabrina, Palleis, Carla, Bernhardt, Alexander, Jäck, Alexander, Zwergal, Andreas, Hopfner, Franziska, Roemer-Cassiano, Sebastian N., Biechele, Gloria, Stöcklein, Sophia, Bischof, Gerard, van Eimeren, Thilo, Drzezga, Alexander, Sabri, Osama, Barthel, Henryk, Respondek, Gesine, Grimmer, Timo, Levin, Johannes, Herms, Jochen, Paeger, Lars, Willroider, Marie, Beyer, Leonie, Höglinger, Günter U., Roeber, Sigrun, Franzmeier, Nicolai, and Brendel, Matthias

Published
2024
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43. Microstructural asymmetry in the human cortex

Author

Wan, Bin, Saberi, Amin, Paquola, Casey, Schaare, H. Lina, Hettwer, Meike D., Royer, Jessica, John, Alexandra, Dorfschmidt, Lena, Bayrak, Şeyma, Bethlehem, Richard A. I., Eickhoff, Simon B., Bernhardt, Boris C., and Valk, Sofie L.

Published
2024
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48. Rapid discovery and evolution of nanosensors containing fluorogenic amino acids

Author

Kuru, Erkin, Rittichier, Jonathan, de Puig, Helena, Flores, Allison, Rout, Subhrajit, Han, Isaac, Reese, Abigail E., Bartlett, Thomas M., De Moliner, Fabio, Bernier, Sylvie G., Galpin, Jason D., Marchand, Jorge, Bedell, William, Robinson-McCarthy, Lindsey, Ahern, Christopher A., Bernhardt, Thomas G., Rudner, David Z., Collins, James J., Vendrell, Marc, and Church, George M.

Published
2024
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