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1. Importance of multiple sources of iron for the upper-ocean biogeochemistry over the northern Indian Ocean

Author: P. Banerjee
Subjects: Ecology, QH540-549.5, Life, QH501-531, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract: Although the northern Indian Ocean (IO) is globally one of the most productive regions and receives dissolved iron (DFe) from multiple sources, there is no comprehensive understanding of how these different sources of DFe can impact upper-ocean biogeochemical dynamics. Using an Earth system model with an ocean biogeochemistry component, this study shows that atmospheric deposition is the most important source of DFe to the upper 100 m of the northern IO, contributing more than 50 % of the annual DFe concentration. Sedimentary sources are locally important in the vicinity of the continental shelves and over the southern tropical IO, away from high atmospheric depositions. While atmospheric depositions contribute more than 10 % (35 %) to 0–100 m (surface-level) chlorophyll concentrations over large parts of the northern IO, sedimentary sources have a similar contribution to chlorophyll concentrations over the southern tropical IO. Such increases in chlorophyll are primarily driven by an increase in diatom population over most of the northern IO. The regions that are susceptible to chlorophyll enhancement following external DFe additions are where low levels of background DFe and high background nitrate-to-iron values are observed. Analysis of the DFe budget over selected biophysical regimes over the northern IO points to vertical mixing as the most important mechanism for DFe supply, while the importance of advection (horizontal and vertical) varies seasonally. Apart from removal of surface DFe by phytoplankton uptake, the subsurface balance between DFe scavenging and regeneration is crucial in replenishing the DFe pool to be made available to the surface layer by physical processes.
Published: 2023
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2. Power and empowerment in transdisciplinary research: a negotiated approach for peri-urban groundwater problems in the Ganges Delta

Author: L. M. Hermans, V. Narain, R. Kempers, S. L. Gomes, P. Banerjee, R. Hasan, M. Salehin, S. A. Khan, A. T. M. Z. Hossain, K. F. Islam, S. N. Huda, P. S. Banerjee, B. Majumder, S. Majumder, and W. A. H. Thissen
Subjects: Technology, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066, Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract: The co-creation of knowledge through a process of mutual learning between scientists and societal actors is an important avenue to advance science and resolve complex problems in society. While the value and principles for such transdisciplinary water research have been well established, the power and empowerment dimensions continue to pose a challenge, even more so in international processes that bring together participants from the Global North and Global South. We build on earlier research to combine known phases, activities, and principles for transdisciplinary water research with a negotiated approach to stakeholder empowerment. Combining these elements, we unpack the power and empowerment dimension in transdisciplinary research for peri-urban groundwater management in the Ganges Delta. Our case experiences show that a negotiated approach offers a useful and needed complement to existing transdisciplinary guidelines. Based on the results, we identify responses to the power and empowerment challenges, which add to existing strategies for transdisciplinary research. A resulting overarching recommendation is to engage with power and politics more explicitly and to do so already from the inception of transdisciplinary activities as a key input for problem framing and research agenda setting.
Published: 2022
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3. Is the Atlantic Ocean driving the recent variability in South Asian dust?

Author: P. Banerjee, S. K. Satheesh, and K. Krishna Moorthy
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: This study investigates the large-scale factors controlling interannual variability in dust aerosols over South Asia during 2001–2018. We use a parameter DA%, which refers to the frequency of days in a year when high dust activity is experienced over a region, as determined by a combination of satellite aerosol optical depth and the Ångström exponent. While a positive sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in the central Pacific Ocean was important in controlling DA% over South Asia during 2001–2010; in recent years, the North Atlantic Ocean has assumed a dominant role. Specifically, high DA% is associated with warming in the midlatitude and cooling in the subtropical North Atlantic SSTs: the location of the two southern arms of the North Atlantic SST tripole pattern. This shift towards a dominant role of the North Atlantic SST in controlling DA% over South Asia coincides with a recent shift towards a persistently positive phase of the North Atlantic oscillation (NAO) and a resultant positive phase of the springtime SST tripole pattern. Interestingly, there has also been a shift in the relation between the two southern arms of the SST tripole and NAO, which has resulted in weakening of the southwest monsoon circulation over the northern Indian Ocean and strengthening of the dust-carrying westerlies and northerlies in the lower troposphere and mid-troposphere. Simulations with an Earth system model show that the positive phase of the North Atlantic SST tripole pattern is responsible for a 10 % increase in the dust optical depth over South Asia during May–September; with increases as high as 30 % during the month of June. This increase is mainly due to transport by the westerlies at the 800 hPa pressure level, which increases the dust concentration at this pressure level by 20 % on average during May–September and up to 50 % during June.
Published: 2021
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4. Measurement of the time-integrated CP asymmetry in $D^{0}\rightarrow K^{0}_{S}K^{0}_{S}$ decays using Belle and Belle II data

Author: Belle, Collaborations, Belle II, Adachi, I., Aggarwal, L., Ahmed, H., Aihara, H., Akopov, N., Aloisio, A., Althubiti, N., Ky, N. Anh, Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aushev, V., Aversano, M., Ayad, R., Babu, V., Baghel, N. K., Bahinipati, S., Bambade, P., Banerjee, Sw., Bansal, S., Barrett, M., Bartl, M., Baudot, J., Beaubien, A., Becker, J., Bennett, J. V., Bertacchi, V., Bertemes, M., Bertholet, E., Bessner, M., Bettarini, S., Bhuyan, B., Biswas, D., Bobrov, A., Bodrov, D., Bolz, A., Boschetti, A., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Branchini, P., Briere, R. A., Browder, T. E., Budano, A., Bussino, S., Campagna, Q., Campajola, M., Casarosa, G., Cecchi, C., Cerasoli, J., Chang, M. -C., Chang, P., Cheaib, R., Cheema, P., Chen, C., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Chirapatpimol, K., Cho, H. -E., Cho, K., Cho, S. -J., Choi, S. -K., Choudhury, S., Cochran, J., Corona, L., Cui, J. X., Das, S., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., De La Motte, S. A., De Pietro, G., de Sangro, R., Destefanis, M., Di Canto, A., Di Capua, F., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Dong, T. V., Dorigo, M., Dossett, D., Dujany, G., Ecker, P., Eppelt, J., Feichtinger, P., Ferber, T., Fillinger, T., Finck, C., Finocchiaro, G., Fodor, A., Forti, F., Fulsom, B. G., Gabrielli, A., Ganiev, E., Gaudino, G., Gaur, V., Gaz, A., Gellrich, A., Ghevondyan, G., Ghosh, D., Ghumaryan, H., Giakoustidis, G., Giordano, R., Giri, A., Gironell, P. Gironella, Glazov, A., Gobbo, B., Godang, R., Goldenzweig, P., Gradl, W., Graziani, E., Greenwald, D., Gruberová, Z., Guan, Y., Gudkova, K., Haide, I., Hara, T., Hayasaka, K., Hayashii, H., Hazra, S., Hearty, C., Hedges, M. T., Heidelbach, A., de la Cruz, I. Heredia, Villanueva, M. Hernández, Higuchi, T., Hoek, M., Hohmann, M., Hoppe, R., Hsu, C. -L., Humair, T., Iijima, T., Inami, K., Ipsita, N., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Jacobs, W. W., Jaffe, D. E., Jang, E. -J., Ji, Q. P., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Johnson, A., Joo, K. K., Junkerkalefeld, H., Kaliyar, A. B., Kandra, J., Karyan, G., Keil, F., Kiesling, C., Kim, C. -H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, J. -Y., Kim, K. -H., Kim, Y. -K., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Koga, T., Kohani, S., Kojima, K., Korobov, A., Korpar, S., Kovalenko, E., Kowalewski, R., Križan, P., Krokovny, P., Kuhr, T., Kumara, K., Kunigo, T., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lacaprara, S., Lai, Y. -T., Lalwani, K., Lam, T., Lange, J. S., Lau, T. S., Laurenza, M., Leboucher, R., Diberder, F. R. Le, Lee, M. J., Lemettais, C., Leo, P., Li, C., Li, L. K., Li, Q. M., Li, W. Z., Li, Y. B., Liao, Y. P., Libby, J., Liu, M. H., Liu, Q. Y., Liu, Y., Liu, Z. Q., Liventsev, D., Longo, S., Lueck, T., Lyu, C., Madaan, C., Maggiora, M., Maharana, S. P., Maiti, R., Mancinelli, G., Manfredi, R., Manoni, E., Mantovano, M., Marcantonio, D., Marcello, S., Marinas, C., Martellini, C., Martens, A., Martini, A., Martinov, T., Massaccesi, L., Masuda, M., Matvienko, D., Maurya, S. K., Maushart, M., McKenna, J. A., Mehta, R., Meier, F., Merola, M., Miller, C., Mirra, M., Mitra, S., Miyabayashi, K., Mohanty, G. B., Mondal, S., Moneta, S., Moser, H. -G., Mussa, R., Nakamura, I., Nakao, M., Nakazawa, Y., Naruki, M., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, M., Nazaryan, G., Neu, M., Nishida, S., Ogawa, S., Ono, H., Oxford, E. R., Pakhlova, G., Pardi, S., Parham, K., Park, H., Park, J., Park, K., Park, S. -H., Paschen, B., Passeri, A., Patra, S., Pedlar, T. K., Peruzzi, I., Peschke, R., Piccolo, M., Piilonen, L. E., Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M., Podobnik, T., Praz, C., Prell, S., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Purwar, H., Raiz, S., Rauls, N., Rehman, J. U., Reif, M., Reiter, S., Reuter, L., Herrmann, D. Ricalde, Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizzo, G., Roehrken, M., Roney, J. M., Rostomyan, A., Rout, N., Sanders, D. A., Sandilya, S., Santelj, L., Savinov, V., Scavino, B., Schnepf, M., Schwanda, C., Seino, Y., Selce, A., Senyo, K., Serrano, J., Sevior, M. E., Sfienti, C., Shan, W., Shi, X. D., Shiu, J. -G., Shtol, D., Shwartz, B., Sibidanov, A., Simon, F., Skorupa, J., Sobie, R. J., Sobotzik, M., Soffer, A., Sokolov, A., Solovieva, E., Spataro, S., Spruck, B., Starič, M., Stavroulakis, P., Stefkova, S., Stroili, R., Strube, J., Sumihama, M., Sumisawa, K., Svidras, H., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanida, K., Tenchini, F., Tittel, O., Tiwary, R., Torassa, E., Trabelsi, K., Ueda, I., Uglov, T., Unger, K., Unno, Y., Uno, K., Uno, S., Urquijo, P., Ushiroda, Y., Vahsen, S. E., van Tonder, R., Varvell, K. E., Veronesi, M., Vinokurova, A., Vismaya, V. S., Vitale, L., Vobbilisetti, V., Volpe, R., Wakai, M., Wallner, S., Wang, M. -Z., Warburton, A., Watanabe, M., Watanuki, S., Wessel, C., Won, E., Yabsley, B. D., Yamada, S., Yan, W., Yelton, J., Yin, J. H., Yoshihara, K., Yuan, J., Zani, L., Zhang, B., Zhilich, V., Zhou, J. S., Zhou, Q. D., Zhu, L., Zhukova, V. I., and Žlebčík, R.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We measure the time-integrated CP asymmetry in $D^{0} \rightarrow K^{0}_{S}K^{0}_{S}$ decays reconstructed in $e^{+}e^{-} \rightarrow c\overline{c}$ events collected by the Belle and Belle II experiments. The corresponding data samples have integrated luminosities of 980 fb$^{-1}$ and 427 fb$^{-1}$, respectively. The D$^{0}$ decays are required to originate from the $D^{*+} \rightarrow D^{0}\pi^{+}$ decay, which determines the charm flavor at production time. A control sample of $D^{0} \rightarrow K^{+}K^{-}$ decays is used to correct for production and detection asymmetries.The result, ($-$1.4 $\pm$ 1.3(\text{stat.})$\pm$ 0.1(\text{syst.}))\%, is consistent with previous determinations and with CP symmetry., Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2410.22961
Published: 2024

5. RadFlag: A Black-Box Hallucination Detection Method for Medical Vision Language Models

Author: Sambara, Sraavya, Zhang, Serena, Banerjee, Oishi, Acosta, Julian, Fahrner, John, and Rajpurkar, Pranav
Subjects: Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract: Generating accurate radiology reports from medical images is a clinically important but challenging task. While current Vision Language Models (VLMs) show promise, they are prone to generating hallucinations, potentially compromising patient care. We introduce RadFlag, a black-box method to enhance the accuracy of radiology report generation. Our method uses a sampling-based flagging technique to find hallucinatory generations that should be removed. We first sample multiple reports at varying temperatures and then use a Large Language Model (LLM) to identify claims that are not consistently supported across samples, indicating that the model has low confidence in those claims. Using a calibrated threshold, we flag a fraction of these claims as likely hallucinations, which should undergo extra review or be automatically rejected. Our method achieves high precision when identifying both individual hallucinatory sentences and reports that contain hallucinations. As an easy-to-use, black-box system that only requires access to a model's temperature parameter, RadFlag is compatible with a wide range of radiology report generation models and has the potential to broadly improve the quality of automated radiology reporting., Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures
Published: 2024

6. The non-Hermitian skin effect: A perspective

Author: Gohsrich, Julius T., Banerjee, Ayan, and Kunst, Flore K.
Subjects: Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Physics - Optics
Abstract: The non-Hermitian (NH) skin effect is a truly NH feature, which manifests itself as an accumulation of states, known as skin states, on the boundaries of a system. In this perspective, we discuss several aspects of the NH skin effect focusing on the most interesting facets of this phenomenon. Non-normality and non-reciprocity are reviewed as necessary requirements to see the NH skin effect. We further discuss the NH skin effect as a topological effect that can be seen as a manifestation of a truly NH bulk-boundary correspondence, and show how topological boundary states can be distinguished from skin states. As most theoretical work has focused on studying the NH skin effect in the one-dimensional single-particle picture, recent developments of studying this effect in higher dimensions as well as in the many-body case are also highlighted. Lastly, experimental realizations and applications of the NH skin effect are reviewed.
Published: 2024

7. Towards Reliable Alignment: Uncertainty-aware RLHF

Author: Banerjee, Debangshu and Gopalan, Aditya
Subjects: Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract: Recent advances in aligning Large Language Models with human preferences have benefited from larger reward models and better preference data. However, most of these methodologies rely on the accuracy of the reward model. The reward models used in Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF) are typically learned from small datasets using stochastic optimization algorithms, making them prone to high variability. We illustrate the inconsistencies between reward models empirically on numerous open-source datasets. We theoretically show that the fluctuation of the reward models can be detrimental to the alignment problem because the derived policies are more overfitted to the reward model and, hence, are riskier if the reward model itself is uncertain. We use concentration of measure to motivate an uncertainty-aware, conservative algorithm for policy optimization. We show that such policies are more risk-averse in the sense that they are more cautious of uncertain rewards. We theoretically prove that our proposed methodology has less risk than the vanilla method. We corroborate our theoretical results with experiments based on designing an ensemble of reward models. We use this ensemble of reward models to align a language model using our methodology and observe that our empirical findings match our theoretical predictions.
Published: 2024

8. Model-independent measurement of $D^0$-$\overline{D}{}^0$ mixing parameters in $D^0\rightarrow K^0_{S}\pi^+\pi^-$ decays at Belle and Belle II

Author: Belle, Collaborations, Belle II, Adachi, I., Aggarwal, L., Ahmed, H., Aihara, H., Akopov, N., Aloisio, A., Althubiti, N., Ky, N. Anh, Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aushev, V., Aversano, M., Ayad, R., Baghel, N. K., Bambade, P., Banerjee, Sw., Bansal, S., Barrett, M., Bartl, M., Baudot, J., Beaubien, A., Becker, J., Bennett, J. V., Bertacchi, V., Bertemes, M., Bertholet, E., Bessner, M., Bettarini, S., Bhuyan, B., Biswas, D., Bodrov, D., Bolz, A., Bondar, A., Boschetti, A., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Branchini, P., Briere, R. A., Browder, T. E., Budano, A., Bussino, S., Campagna, Q., Campajola, M., Casarosa, G., Cecchi, C., Chang, P., Cheaib, R., Cheema, P., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Chirapatpimol, K., Cho, H. -E., Cho, K., Cho, S. -J., Choi, S. -K., Choudhury, S., Cochran, J., Corona, L., Cui, J. X., Das, S., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., De La Motte, S. A., De Pietro, G., de Sangro, R., Destefanis, M., Di Canto, A., Di Capua, F., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Dong, T. V., Dorigo, M., Dossett, D., Dujany, G., Ecker, P., Epifanov, D., Eppelt, J., Feichtinger, P., Ferber, T., Fillinger, T., Finck, C., Finocchiaro, G., Fodor, A., Forti, F., Fulsom, B. G., Gabrielli, A., Ganiev, E., Garcia-Hernandez, M., Garg, R., Gaudino, G., Gaur, V., Gaz, A., Gellrich, A., Ghevondyan, G., Ghosh, D., Ghumaryan, H., Giakoustidis, G., Giordano, R., Giri, A., Gironell, P. Gironella, Glazov, A., Gobbo, B., Godang, R., Goldenzweig, P., Gong, G., Gradl, W., Graziani, E., Greenwald, D., Gruberová, Z., Gudkova, K., Haide, I., Hara, T., Hayasaka, K., Hayashii, H., Hazra, S., Hearty, C., Hedges, M. T., Heidelbach, A., de la Cruz, I. Heredia, Higuchi, T., Hoek, M., Hohmann, M., Hoppe, R., Hsu, C. -L., Humair, T., Iijima, T., Inami, K., Ipsita, N., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Jacobs, W. W., Jang, E. -J., Ji, Q. P., Jin, Y., Johnson, A., Junkerkalefeld, H., Kaliyar, A. B., Kandra, J., Karyan, G., Keil, F., Kiesling, C., Kim, C. -H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, J. -Y., Kim, K. -H., Kim, Y. -K., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Koga, T., Kohani, S., Kojima, K., Korobov, A., Kovalenko, E., Kowalewski, R., Križan, P., Krokovny, P., Kuhr, T., Kumar, R., Kumara, K., Kunigo, T., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lalwani, K., Lam, T., Lange, J. S., Lau, T. S., Leboucher, R., Diberder, F. R. Le, Lee, M. J., Lemettais, C., Leo, P., Li, C., Li, L. K., Li, Q. M., Li, W. Z., Li, Y., Li, Y. B., Libby, J., Liu, M. H., Liu, Q. Y., Liu, Z. Q., Liventsev, D., Longo, S., Lueck, T., Lyu, C., Madaan, C., Maggiora, M., Maiti, R., Mancinelli, G., Manfredi, R., Manoni, E., Mantovano, M., Marcello, S., Marinas, C., Martellini, C., Martens, A., Martini, A., Martinov, T., Massaccesi, L., Masuda, M., Matvienko, D., Maurya, S. K., Maushart, M., McKenna, J. A., Meier, F., Merola, M., Miller, C., Mirra, M., Mitra, S., Miyabayashi, K., Mohanty, G. B., Mondal, S., Moneta, S., Moser, H. -G., Mussa, R., Nakamura, I., Nakao, M., Nakazawa, H., Nakazawa, Y., Naruki, M., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, M., Nazaryan, G., Neu, M., Nishida, S., Ogawa, S., Ono, H., Oxford, E. R., Pakhlova, G., Pardi, S., Parham, K., Park, H., Park, J., Park, K., Park, S. -H., Paschen, B., Passeri, A., Patra, S., Pedlar, T. K., Peschke, R., Piilonen, L. E., Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M., Podobnik, T., Praz, C., Prell, S., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Purwar, H., Raiz, S., Rehman, J. U., Reif, M., Reiter, S., Reuter, L., Herrmann, D. Ricalde, Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizzo, G., Roehrken, M., Roney, J. M., Rostomyan, A., Rout, N., Sanders, D. A., Sandilya, S., Santelj, L., Savinov, V., Scavino, B., Schwanda, C., Schwartz, A. J., Seino, Y., Selce, A., Senyo, K., Serrano, J., Sevior, M. E., Sfienti, C., Shan, W., Shen, C. P., Shi, X. D., Shillington, T., Shiu, J. -G., Shtol, D., Sibidanov, A., Simon, F., Skorupa, J., Sobie, R. J., Sobotzik, M., Soffer, A., Sokolov, A., Solovieva, E., Spataro, S., Spruck, B., Starič, M., Stavroulakis, P., Stefkova, S., Stroili, R., Sumihama, M., Sumisawa, K., Svidras, H., Takizawa, M., Tanida, K., Tenchini, F., Tittel, O., Tiwary, R., Torassa, E., Trabelsi, K., Uchida, M., Ueda, I., Uglov, T., Unger, K., Unno, Y., Uno, K., Uno, S., Urquijo, P., Vahsen, S. E., van Tonder, R., Varvell, K. E., Veronesi, M., Vinokurova, A., Vismaya, V. S., Vitale, L., Volpe, R., Wakai, M., Wallner, S., Wang, M. -Z., Warburton, A., Watanabe, M., Watanuki, S., Wessel, C., Yabsley, B. D., Yamada, S., Yan, W., Yin, J. H., Yoshihara, K., Yuan, J., Zhilich, V., Zhou, J. S., Zhou, Q. D., Zhu, L., Zhukova, V. I., and Žlebčík, R.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We perform a model-independent measurement of the $D^0$-$\overline{D}{}^0$ mixing parameters using samples of $e^+e^-$-collision data collected by the Belle and Belle II experiments that have integrated luminosities of $951\ \text{fb}^{-1}$ and $408\ \text{fb}^{-1}$, respectively. Approximately $2.05\times10^6$ neutral $D$ mesons are reconstructed in the $D^0\rightarrow K^0_{S}\pi^+\pi^-$ channel, with the neutral $D$ flavor tagged by the charge of the pion in the $D^{*+}\rightarrow D^0\pi^+$ decay. Assuming charge-parity symmetry, the mixing parameters are measured to be $ x = (4.0\pm1.7\pm0.4)\times 10^{-3} $ and $ y = (2.9\pm1.4\pm0.3)\times 10^{-3}$, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The results are consistent with previous determinations.
Published: 2024

9. Predicting the Dark Matter -- Baryon Abundance Ratio

Author: Banerjee, Abhishek, Brzeminski, Dawid, and Hook, Anson
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: We discuss relaxation solutions to the dark matter - baryon coincidence problem in the context of QCD axion dark matter. In relaxation solutions, a moduli dynamically adjusts the mass of dark matter and baryons until their energy densities are $\mathrm{O}(1)$ the same. Because the QCD axion is heavily connected to QCD, scanning the QCD axion mass inherently also scans the proton mass. In the context of relaxation solutions, this implies that the ratio of dark matter to baryon abundances ($\Omega_{\rm DM}/\Omega_{\rm B}$) is a ratio of beta functions showing that these models can only accommodate discrete values of $\Omega_{\rm DM}/\Omega_{\rm B}$ thereby ``predicting" the ratio of the dark matter to baryon abundances. The original composite axion model has only a single integer degree of freedom $N$, the size of the gauge group, and we show that when $N=8$ the observed value of $\Omega_{\rm DM}/\Omega_{\rm B} = 5.36$ is reproduced to within its percent level error bars. Novel tests of this model include more precise measurements of $\Omega_{\rm DM}/\Omega_{\rm B}$, a better lattice determination of the dependence of the proton mass on the high energy QCD gauge coupling, as well as more traditional tests such as fifth force experiments., Comment: 20 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2024

10. Dynamical Axion Misalignment from the Witten Effect

Author: Banerjee, Abhishek and Buen-Abad, Manuel A.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: We propose a relaxation mechanism for the initial misalignment angle of the pre-inflationary QCD axion with a large decay constant. The proposal addresses the challenges posed to the axion dark matter scenario by an overabundance of axions overclosing the Universe, as well as by isocurvature constraints. Many state-of-the-art experiments are searching for QCD axion dark matter with a decay constant as large as $10^{16}\,\mathrm{GeV}$, motivating the need for a theoretical framework such as ours. In our model, hidden sector magnetic monopoles generated in the early Universe give the axion a large mass via the Witten effect, causing early oscillations that reduce the misalignment angle and axion abundance. As the hidden gauge symmetry breaks, its monopoles confine via cosmic strings, dissipating energy into the Standard Model and leading to monopole-antimonopole annihilation. This removes the monopole-induced mass, leaving only the standard QCD term. We consider the symmetry breaking pattern of $\mathrm{SU}(2)' \to \mathrm{U}(1)' \to 1$, leading to monopole and string formation respectively. We calculate the monopole abundance, their interactions with the axion field, and the necessary conditions for monopole-induced axion oscillations, while accounting for UV instanton effects. We present three model variations based on different symmetry breaking scales and show that they can accommodate an axion decay constant of up to $10^{16}\,\mathrm{GeV}$ with an inflationary scale of $10^{15}\,\mathrm{GeV}$. The required alignment between monopole-induced and QCD axion potentials is achieved through a modest Nelson-Barr mechanism, avoiding overclosure without anthropic reasoning., Comment: 25 pages + references; 5 figures
Published: 2024

11. Boosting HI-Galaxy Cross-Clustering Signal through Higher-Order Cross-Correlations

Author: Chand, Eishica, Banerjee, Arka, Foreman, Simon, and Villaescusa-Navarro, Francisco
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: After reionization, neutral hydrogen (HI) traces the large-scale structure (LSS) of the Universe, enabling HI intensity mapping (IM) to capture the LSS in 3D and constrain key cosmological parameters. We present a new framework utilizing higher-order cross-correlations to study HI clustering around galaxies, tested using real-space data from the IllustrisTNG300 simulation. This approach computes the joint distributions of $k$-nearest neighbor ($k$NN) optical galaxies and the HI brightness temperature field smoothed at relevant scales (the $k$NN-field framework), providing sensitivity to all higher-order cross-correlations, unlike two-point statistics. To simulate HI data from actual surveys, we add random thermal noise and apply a simple foreground cleaning model, filtering out Fourier modes of the brightness temperature field with $k_\parallel < k_{\rm min,\parallel}$. Under current levels of thermal noise and foreground cleaning, typical of a Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME)-like survey, the HI-galaxy cross-correlation signal in our simulations, using the $k$NN-field framework, is detectable at $>30\sigma$ across $r = [3,12] \, h^{-1}$Mpc. In contrast, the detectability of the standard two-point correlation function (2PCF) over the same scales depends strongly on the foreground filter: a sharp $k_\parallel$ filter can spuriously boost detection to $8\sigma$ due to position-space ringing, whereas a less sharp filter yields no detection. Nonetheless, we conclude that $k$NN-field cross-correlations are robustly detectable across a broad range of foreground filtering and thermal noise conditions, suggesting their potential for enhanced constraining power over 2PCFs., Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures (with 2 figures included in the appendix), 2 tables. Comments are welcome
Published: 2024

12. Micromotors Driven by Spin-Orbit Interaction of Light: Mimicking Planetary Motion at the Microscale

Author: Kumar, Ram Nandan, Nayak, Jeeban Kumar, Gupta, Subhasish Dutta, Ghosh, Nirmalya, and Banerjee, Ayan
Subjects: Physics - Optics
Abstract: We introduce a new class of optical micromotors driven by the spin-orbit interaction of light and spin-driven fluid flows leading to simultaneous rotation and revolution of the micromotors. The micromotors are essentially birefringent liquid crystal particles (LC) that can efficiently convert the angular momentum of light into high-frequency rotational motion. By tightly focusing circularly polarized Gaussian beams through a high numerical aperture objective into a refractive index stratified medium, we create a spherically aberrated intensity profile where the spinning motion of a micromotor optically trapped at the centre of the profile induces fluid flows that causes orbiting motion of the off-axially trapped surrounding particles (secondary micromotors). In addition, the interaction between the helicity of light and the anisotropic properties of the LC medium leads to the breaking of the input helicity and drives the conversion of right to left-circular polarization and vice-versa. This spin-to-spin conversion, causes the orbiting secondary micromotors to spin in certain cases as well so that the entire system of spinning primary micromotor and revolving and spinning secondary micromotors is reminiscent of planetary motion at mesoscopic scales. Our findings, supported by both theoretical modeling and experimental validation, advance the understanding of light-matter interactions at the microscale., Comment: 14 figures and 17 pages
Published: 2024

13. Experimental demonstration of the Bell-type inequalities for four qubit Dicke state using IBM Quantum Processing Unit

Author: Tomis, Mehta, Harsh, Banerjee, Shreya, Panigrahi, Prasanta K., and Narayanan, V.
Subjects: Quantum Physics
Abstract: Violation of the Bell-type inequalities is very necessary to confirm the existence of the nonlocality in the nonclassical (entangled) states. We have designed a customized operator which is made of the sum of the identity and Pauli matrices ($I$, $\sigma_x$, $\sigma_y$, and $\sigma_z$). We theoretically evaluate the Bell-type violation for the two-qubit Bell state and a four-qubit Dicke state, which gives the Bell-CHSH parameter values $2\sqrt{2}$ and $3.05$, respectively for our customized operator. For experimental implementation, IBM's 127-qubitQuantum Processing Units (QPU) were utilized, where we have applied our customized operator to evaluate Bell-type inequalities for two-qubit Bell state ($\vert\Phi^+\rangle$) and four-qubit Dicke state ($|D^{(2)}_4\rangle$). We observed, for the two-qubit Bell state, the experimental Bell violation was $2.7507\pm 0.0197$. For Dicke state, we found the violation be to $2.1239\pm0.0457$ and $2.2175\pm0.0352$ respectively for two distinct methods of state preparation. All our results show clear violation of the local realism; however, we find that the experimental violation of the Bell state ($2.75$) is close to the theoretical ($2.82$) results due to lower circuit depth in state-preparation as well as fewer measurements, while the Dicke state shows greater errors ($2.12$ and $2.21$ vs. $3.05$) from higher depth and more measurements.
Published: 2024

14. Entwined comodules and contramodules over coalgebras with several objects: Frobenius, separability and Maschke theorems

Author: Banerjee, Abhishek and Kour, Surjeet
Subjects: Mathematics - Category Theory, 16T15, 18E10
Abstract: We study module like objects over categorical quotients of algebras by the action of coalgebras with several objects. These take the form of ``entwined comodules'' and ``entwined contramodules'' over a triple $(\mathscr C,A,\psi)$, where $A$ is an algebra, $\mathscr C$ is a coalgebra with several objects and $\psi$ is a collection of maps that ``entwines'' $\mathscr C$ with $A$. Our objective is to prove Frobenius, separability and Maschke type theorems for functors between categories of entwined comodules and entwined contramodules.
Published: 2024

15. Optimal Fault-Tolerant Dispersion on Oriented Grids

Author: Banerjee, Rik, Kumar, Manish, and Molla, Anisur Rahaman
Subjects: Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
Abstract: Dispersion of mobile robots over the nodes of an anonymous graph is an important problem and turns out to be a crucial subroutine for designing efficient algorithms for many fundamental graph problems via mobile robots. In this problem, starting from an arbitrary initial distribution of $n$ robots across the $n$ nodes, the goal is to achieve a final configuration where each node holds at most one robot. This paper investigates the dispersion problem on an oriented grid, considering the possibility of robot failures (crashes) at any time during the algorithm's execution. We present a crash-tolerant dispersion algorithm that solves the dispersion problem on an anonymous oriented grid in $O(\sqrt{n})$ time and using $O(\log n)$ bits of memory per robot. The algorithm is optimal in terms of both time and memory per robot. We further extend this algorithm to deal with weak Byzantine robots. The weak Byzantine fault dispersion algorithm takes optimal $O(\sqrt{n})$ rounds but requires $O(n\log n)$ bits of memory per robot., Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2405.02002
Published: 2024

16. Local and Remote Forcing Factors of Heatwave in India -A Reanalysis and Adjoint model based study

Author: Banerjee, Abhirup, Koehl, Armin, Lunkeit, Frank, and Stammer, Detlef
Subjects: Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Abstract: Continental heatwaves can dramatically impact ecosystems and societies, e.g., by leading to excess mortality, wildfires, and harvest failures. With a warming climate, their impacts potentially intensify globally, but the Indian subcontinent appears to be particularly vulnerable to such extreme events. In this study, we use reanalysis and the adjoint of the atmospheric model, PlaSim, to identify drivers of heatwaves occurring April and May over north-central India. Reanalysis results suggest that the existence of high temperatures in the study region is highly sensitive to the low local soil moisture which is observed weeks before a heatwave commences. Soil moisture variability in northern India is influenced by moisture transport from the west during winter--spring. Preceding dry soil moisture conditions can be associated with a `persistent jet' conditions linked to atmospheric dynamical changes in the North Atlantic region. An associated northward shift in the upper tropospheric zonal wind occurs approximately a month prior to the heatwaves, influencing the area and intensity of western disturbances embedded in the jet stream. This weakens the moisture flow from the north of the Arabian Sea, further reducing soil moisture levels and creating conditions conducive to heatwaves. An adjoint sensitivity analysis and forward model perturbation experiments confirm the causal relationships for the proposed heatwave development mechanism over north-central India, identifying the remote influence of North Atlantic sea surface temperature variability on extreme temperatures in India. Our findings highlight the complex interplay of local and remote factors in heatwave development over India.
Published: 2024

17. Search for gravitational waves emitted from SN 2023ixf

Author: The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, the KAGRA Collaboration, Abac, A. G., Abbott, R., Abouelfettouh, I., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adhicary, S., Adhikari, N., Adhikari, R. X., Adkins, V. K., Agarwal, D., Agathos, M., Abchouyeh, M. Aghaei, Aguiar, O. D., Aguilar, I., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Akutsu, T., Albanesi, S., Alfaidi, R. A., Al-Jodah, A., Alléné, C., Allocca, A., Al-Shammari, S., Altin, P. A., Alvarez-Lopez, S., Amato, A., Amez-Droz, L., Amorosi, A., Amra, C., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Andia, M., Ando, M., Andrade, T., Andres, N., Andrés-Carcasona, M., Andrić, T., Anglin, J., Ansoldi, S., Antelis, J. M., Antier, S., Aoumi, M., Appavuravther, E. Z., Appert, S., Apple, S. K., Arai, K., Araya, A., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Argianas, L., Aritomi, N., Armato, F., Arnaud, N., Arogeti, M., Aronson, S. M., Ashton, G., Aso, Y., Assiduo, M., Melo, S. Assis de Souza, Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Attadio, F., Aubin, F., AultONeal, K., Avallone, G., Babak, S., Badaracco, F., Badger, C., Bae, S., Bagnasco, S., Bagui, E., Baier, J. G., Baiotti, L., Bajpai, R., Baka, T., Ball, M., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Banagiri, S., Banerjee, B., Bankar, D., Baral, P., Barayoga, J. C., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barneo, P., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartoletti, A. M., Barton, M. A., Bartos, I., Basak, S., Basalaev, A., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Bates, D. E., Bawaj, M., Baxi, P., Bayley, J. C., Baylor, A. C., Baynard II, P. A., Bazzan, M., Bedakihale, V. M., Beirnaert, F., Bejger, M., Belardinelli, D., Bell, A. S., Benedetto, V., Benoit, W., Bentley, J. D., Yaala, M. Ben, Bera, S., Berbel, M., Bergamin, F., Berger, B. K., Bernuzzi, S., Beroiz, M., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Beveridge, D., Bevins, N., Bhandare, R., Bhardwaj, U., Bhatt, R., Bhattacharjee, D., Bhaumik, S., Bhowmick, S., Bianchi, A., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Binetti, A., Bini, S., Birnholtz, O., Biscoveanu, S., Bisht, A., Bitossi, M., Bizouard, M. -A., Blackburn, J. K., Blagg, L. A., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Bobba, F., Bode, N., Boileau, G., Boldrini, M., Bolingbroke, G. N., Bolliand, A., Bonavena, L. D., Bondarescu, R., Bondu, F., Bonilla, E., Bonilla, M. S., Bonino, A., Bonnand, R., Booker, P., Borchers, A., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bossilkov, V., Boudart, V., Boudon, A., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Braglia, M., Branch, A., Branchesi, M., Brandt, J., Braun, I., Breschi, M., Briant, T., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brockill, P., Brockmueller, E., Brooks, A. F., Brown, B. C., Brown, D. D., Brozzetti, M. L., Brunett, S., Bruno, G., Bruntz, R., Bryant, J., Bucci, F., Buchanan, J., Bulashenko, O., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Burtnyk, K., Buscicchio, R., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Davies, G. S. Cabourn, Cabras, G., Cabrita, R., Cáceres-Barbosa, V., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. Calderón, Callister, T. A., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Canepa, M., Santoro, G. Caneva, Cannon, K. C., Cao, H., Capistran, L. A., Capocasa, E., Capote, E., Carapella, G., Carbognani, F., Carlassara, M., Carlin, J. B., Carpinelli, M., Carrillo, G., Carter, J. J., Carullo, G., Diaz, J. Casanueva, Casentini, C., Castro-Lucas, S. Y., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cerdá-Durán, P., Cesarini, E., Chaibi, W., Chakraborty, P., Subrahmanya, S. Chalathadka, Chan, J. C. L., Chan, M., Chandra, K., Chang, R. -J., Chao, S., Charlton, E. L., Charlton, P., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chatterjee, C., Chatterjee, Debarati, Chatterjee, Deep, Chaturvedi, M., Chaty, S., Chen, A., Chen, A. H. -Y., Chen, D., Chen, H., Chen, H. Y., Chen, J., Chen, K. H., Chen, Y., Chen, Yanbei, Chen, Yitian, Cheng, H. P., Chessa, P., Cheung, H. T., Cheung, S. Y., Chiadini, F., Chiarini, G., Chierici, R., Chincarini, A., Chiofalo, M. L., Chiummo, A., Chou, C., Choudhary, S., Christensen, N., Chua, S. S. Y., Chugh, P., Ciani, G., Ciecielag, P., Cieślar, M., Cifaldi, M., Ciolfi, R., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Clarke, J., Clarke, T. A., Clearwater, P., Clesse, S., Coccia, E., Codazzo, E., Cohadon, P. -F., Colace, S., Colleoni, M., Collette, C. G., Collins, J., Colloms, S., Colombo, A., Colpi, M., Compton, C. M., Connolly, G., Conti, L., Corbitt, T. R., Cordero-Carrión, I., Corezzi, S., Cornish, N. J., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Cottingham, R., Coughlin, M. W., Couineaux, A., Coulon, J. -P., Countryman, S. T., Coupechoux, J. -F., Couvares, P., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, R., Craig, K., Creed, R., Creighton, J. D. E., Creighton, T. D., Cremonese, P., Criswell, A. W., Crockett-Gray, J. C. G., Crook, S., Crouch, R., Csizmazia, J., Cudell, J. R., Cullen, T. J., Cumming, A., Cuoco, E., Cusinato, M., Dabadie, P., Canton, T. Dal, Dall'Osso, S., Pra, S. Dal, Dálya, G., D'Angelo, B., Danilishin, S., D'Antonio, S., Danzmann, K., Darroch, K. E., Dartez, L. P., Dasgupta, A., Datta, S., Dattilo, V., Daumas, A., Davari, N., Dave, I., Davenport, A., Davier, M., Davies, T. F., Davis, D., Davis, L., Davis, M. C., Davis, P. J., Dax, M., De Bolle, J., Deenadayalan, M., Degallaix, J., De Laurentis, M., Deléglise, S., De Lillo, F., Dell'Aquila, D., Del Pozzo, W., De Marco, F., De Matteis, F., D'Emilio, V., Demos, N., Dent, T., Depasse, A., DePergola, N., De Pietri, R., De Rosa, R., De Rossi, C., DeSalvo, R., De Simone, R., Dhani, A., Diab, R., Díaz, M. C., Di Cesare, M., Dideron, G., Didio, N. A., Dietrich, T., Di Fiore, L., Di Fronzo, C., Di Giovanni, M., Di Girolamo, T., Diksha, D., Di Michele, A., Ding, J., Di Pace, S., Di Palma, I., Di Renzo, F., Divyajyoti, Dmitriev, A., Doctor, Z., Dohmen, E., Doleva, P. P., Dominguez, D., D'Onofrio, L., Donovan, F., Dooley, K. L., Dooney, T., Doravari, S., Dorosh, O., Drago, M., Driggers, J. C., Ducoin, J. -G., Dunn, L., Dupletsa, U., D'Urso, D., Duval, H., Duverne, P. -A., Dwyer, S. E., Eassa, C., Ebersold, M., Eckhardt, T., Eddolls, G., Edelman, B., Edo, T. B., Edy, O., Effler, A., Eichholz, J., Einsle, H., Eisenmann, M., Eisenstein, R. A., Ejlli, A., Eleveld, R. M., Emma, M., Endo, K., Engl, A. J., Enloe, E., Errico, L., Essick, R. C., Estellés, H., Estevez, D., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Evstafyeva, T., Ewing, B. E., Ezquiaga, J. M., Fabrizi, F., Faedi, F., Fafone, V., Fairhurst, S., Farah, A. M., Farr, B., Farr, W. M., Favaro, G., Favata, M., Fays, M., Fazio, M., Feicht, J., Fejer, M. M., Felicetti, R., Fenyvesi, E., Ferguson, D. L., Ferraiuolo, S., Ferrante, I., Ferreira, T. A., Fidecaro, F., Figura, P., Fiori, A., Fiori, I., Fishbach, M., Fisher, R. P., Fittipaldi, R., Fiumara, V., Flaminio, R., Fleischer, S. M., Fleming, L. S., Floden, E., Foley, E. M., Fong, H., Font, J. A., Fornal, B., Forsyth, P. W. F., Franceschetti, K., Franchini, N., Frasca, S., Frasconi, F., Mascioli, A. Frattale, Frei, Z., Freise, A., Freitas, O., Frey, R., Frischhertz, W., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fronzé, G. G., Fuentes-Garcia, M., Fujii, S., Fujimori, T., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Gadre, B., Gair, J. R., Galaudage, S., Galdi, V., Gallagher, H., Gallardo, S., Gallego, B., Gamba, R., Gamboa, A., Ganapathy, D., Ganguly, A., Garaventa, B., García-Bellido, J., Núñez, C. García, García-Quirós, C., Gardner, J. W., Gardner, K. A., Gargiulo, J., Garron, A., Garufi, F., Gasbarra, C., Gateley, B., Gayathri, V., Gemme, G., Gennai, A., Gennari, V., George, J., George, R., Gerberding, O., Gergely, L., Ghosh, Archisman, Ghosh, Sayantan, Ghosh, Shaon, Ghosh, Shrobana, Ghosh, Suprovo, Ghosh, Tathagata, Giacoppo, L., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Gibson, D. R., Gibson, D. T., Gier, C., Giri, P., Gissi, F., Gkaitatzis, S., Glanzer, J., Glotin, F., Godfrey, J., Godwin, P., Goebbels, N. L., Goetz, E., Golomb, J., Lopez, S. Gomez, Goncharov, B., Gong, Y., González, G., Goodarzi, P., Goode, S., Goodwin-Jones, A. W., Gosselin, M., Göttel, A. S., Gouaty, R., Gould, D. W., Govorkova, K., Goyal, S., Grace, B., Grado, A., Graham, V., Granados, A. E., Granata, M., Granata, V., Gras, S., Grassia, P., Gray, A., Gray, C., Gray, R., Greco, G., Green, A. C., Green, S. M., Green, S. R., Gretarsson, A. M., Gretarsson, E. M., Griffith, D., Griffiths, W. L., Griggs, H. L., Grignani, G., Grimaldi, A., Grimaud, C., Grote, H., Guerra, D., Guetta, D., Guidi, G. M., Guimaraes, A. R., Gulati, H. K., Gulminelli, F., Gunny, A. M., Guo, H., Guo, W., Guo, Y., Gupta, Anchal, Gupta, Anuradha, Gupta, Ish, Gupta, N. C., Gupta, P., Gupta, S. K., Gupta, T., Gupte, N., Gurs, J., Gutierrez, N., Guzman, F., H, H. -Y., Haba, D., Haberland, M., Haino, S., Hall, E. D., Hamilton, E. Z., Hammond, G., Han, W. -B., Haney, M., Hanks, J., Hanna, C., Hannam, M. D., Hannuksela, O. A., Hanselman, A. G., Hansen, H., Hanson, J., Harada, R., Hardison, A. R., Haris, K., Harmark, T., Harms, J., Harry, G. M., Harry, I. W., Hart, J., Haskell, B., Haster, C. -J., Hathaway, J. S., Haughian, K., Hayakawa, H., Hayama, K., Hayes, R., Heffernan, A., Heidmann, A., Heintze, M. C., Heinze, J., Heinzel, J., Heitmann, H., Hellman, F., Hello, P., Helmling-Cornell, A. F., Hemming, G., Henderson-Sapir, O., Hendry, M., Heng, I. S., Hennes, E., Henshaw, C., Hertog, T., Heurs, M., Hewitt, A. L., Heyns, J., Higginbotham, S., Hild, S., Hill, S., Himemoto, Y., Hirata, N., Hirose, C., Hoang, S., Hochheim, S., Hofman, D., Holland, N. A., Holley-Bockelmann, K., Holmes, Z. J., Holz, D. E., Honet, L., Hong, C., Hornung, J., Hoshino, S., Hough, J., Hourihane, S., Howell, E. J., Hoy, C. G., Hrishikesh, C. A., Hsieh, H. -F., Hsiung, C., Hsu, H. C., Hsu, W. -F., Hu, P., Hu, Q., Huang, H. Y., Huang, Y. -J., Huddart, A. D., Hughey, B., Hui, D. C. Y., Hui, V., Husa, S., Huxford, R., Huynh-Dinh, T., Iampieri, L., Iandolo, G. A., Ianni, M., Iess, A., Imafuku, H., Inayoshi, K., Inoue, Y., Iorio, G., Iqbal, M. H., Irwin, J., Ishikawa, R., Isi, M., Ismail, M. A., Itoh, Y., Iwanaga, H., Iwaya, M., Iyer, B. R., JaberianHamedan, V., Jacquet, C., Jacquet, P. -E., Jadhav, S. J., Jadhav, S. P., Jain, T., James, A. L., James, P. A., Jamshidi, R., Janquart, J., Janssens, K., Janthalur, N. N., Jaraba, S., Jaranowski, P., Jaume, R., Javed, W., Jennings, A., Jia, W., Jiang, J., Kubisz, J., Johanson, C., Johns, G. R., Johnson, N. A., Johnston, M. C., Johnston, R., Johny, N., Jones, D. H., Jones, D. I., Jones, R., Jose, S., Joshi, P., Ju, L., Jung, K., Junker, J., Juste, V., Kajita, T., Kaku, I., Kalaghatgi, C., Kalogera, V., Kamiizumi, M., Kanda, N., Kandhasamy, S., Kang, G., Kanner, J. B., Kapadia, S. J., Kapasi, D. P., Karat, S., Karathanasis, C., Kashyap, R., Kasprzack, M., Kastaun, W., Kato, T., Katsavounidis, E., Katzman, W., Kaushik, R., Kawabe, K., Kawamoto, R., Kazemi, A., Keitel, D., Kelley-Derzon, J., Kennington, J., Kesharwani, R., Key, J. S., Khadela, R., Khadka, S., Khalili, F. Y., Khan, F., Khan, I., Khanam, T., Khursheed, M., Khusid, N. M., Kiendrebeogo, W., Kijbunchoo, N., Kim, C., Kim, J. C., Kim, K., Kim, M. H., Kim, S., Kim, Y. -M., Kimball, C., Kinley-Hanlon, M., Kinnear, M., Kissel, J. S., Klimenko, S., Knee, A. M., Knust, N., Kobayashi, K., Obergaulinger, M., Koch, P., Koehlenbeck, S. M., Koekoek, G., Kohri, K., Kokeyama, K., Koley, S., Kolitsidou, P., Kolstein, M., Komori, K., Kong, A. K. H., Kontos, A., Korobko, M., Kossak, R. V., Kou, X., Koushik, A., Kouvatsos, N., Kovalam, M., Kozak, D. B., Kranzhoff, S. L., Kringel, V., Krishnendu, N. V., Królak, A., Kruska, K., Kuehn, G., Kuijer, P., Kulkarni, S., Ramamohan, A. Kulur, Kumar, A., Kumar, Praveen, Kumar, Prayush, Kumar, Rahul, Kumar, Rakesh, Kume, J., Kuns, K., Kuntimaddi, N., Kuroyanagi, S., Kurth, N. J., Kuwahara, S., Kwak, K., Kwan, K., Kwok, J., Lacaille, G., Lagabbe, P., Laghi, D., Lai, S., Laity, A. H., Lakkis, M. H., Lalande, E., Lalleman, M., Lalremruati, P. C., Landry, M., Lane, B. B., Lang, R. N., Lange, J., Lantz, B., La Rana, A., La Rosa, I., Lartaux-Vollard, A., Lasky, P. D., Lawrence, J., Lawrence, M. N., Laxen, M., Lazzarini, A., Lazzaro, C., Leaci, P., Lecoeuche, Y. K., Lee, H. M., Lee, H. W., Lee, K., Lee, R. -K., Lee, R., Lee, S., Lee, Y., Legred, I. N., Lehmann, J., Lehner, L., Jean, M. Le, Lemaître, A., Lenti, M., Leonardi, M., Lequime, M., Leroy, N., Lesovsky, M., Letendre, N., Lethuillier, M., Levin, S. E., Levin, Y., Leyde, K., Li, A. K. Y., Li, K. L., Li, T. G. F., Li, X., Li, Z., Lihos, A., Lin, C-Y., Lin, C. -Y., Lin, E. T., Lin, F., Lin, H., Lin, L. C. -C., Lin, Y. -C., Linde, F., Linker, S. D., Littenberg, T. B., Liu, A., Liu, G. C., Liu, Jian, Villarreal, F. Llamas, Llobera-Querol, J., Lo, R. K. L., Locquet, J. -P., London, L. T., Longo, A., Lopez, D., Portilla, M. Lopez, Lorenzini, M., Lorenzo-Medina, A., Loriette, V., Lormand, M., Losurdo, G., Lott IV, T. P., Lough, J. D., Loughlin, H. A., Lousto, C. O., Lowry, M. J., Lu, N., Lück, H., Lumaca, D., Lundgren, A. P., Lussier, A. W., Ma, L. -T., Ma, S., Ma'arif, M., Macas, R., Macedo, A., MacInnis, M., Maciy, R. R., Macleod, D. M., MacMillan, I. A. O., Macquet, A., Macri, D., Maeda, K., Maenaut, S., Hernandez, I. Magaña, Magare, S. S., Magazzù, C., Magee, R. M., Maggio, E., Maggiore, R., Magnozzi, M., Mahesh, M., Mahesh, S., Maini, M., Majhi, S., Majorana, E., Makarem, C. N., Makelele, E., Malaquias-Reis, J. A., Mali, U., Maliakal, S., Malik, A., Man, N., Mandic, V., Mangano, V., Mannix, B., Mansell, G. L., Mansingh, G., Manske, M., Mantovani, M., Mapelli, M., Marchesoni, F., Pina, D. Marín, Marion, F., Márka, S., Márka, Z., Markosyan, A. 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N., Nakagaki, K., Nakamura, K., Nakano, H., Nakano, M., Nandi, D., Napolano, V., Narayan, P., Nardecchia, I., Narikawa, T., Narola, H., Naticchioni, L., Nayak, R. K., Neilson, J., Nelson, A., Nelson, T. J. N., Nery, M., Neunzert, A., Ng, S., Quynh, L. Nguyen, Nichols, S. A., Nielsen, A. B., Nieradka, G., Niko, A., Nishino, Y., Nishizawa, A., Nissanke, S., Nitoglia, E., Niu, W., Nocera, F., Norman, M., North, C., Novak, J., Siles, J. F. Nuño, Nuttall, L. K., Obayashi, K., Oberling, J., O'Dell, J., Oertel, M., Offermans, A., Oganesyan, G., Oh, J. J., Oh, K., O'Hanlon, T., Ohashi, M., Ohkawa, M., Ohme, F., Oliveira, A. S., Oliveri, R., O'Neal, B., Oohara, K., O'Reilly, B., Ormsby, N. D., Orselli, M., O'Shaughnessy, R., O'Shea, S., Oshima, Y., Oshino, S., Ossokine, S., Osthelder, C., Ota, I., Ottaway, D. J., Ouzriat, A., Overmier, H., Owen, B. J., Pace, A. E., Pagano, R., Page, M. A., Pai, A., Pal, A., Pal, S., Palaia, M. A., Pálfi, M., Palma, P. P., Palomba, C., Palud, P., Pan, H., Pan, J., Pan, K. C., Panai, R., Panda, P. K., Pandey, S., Panebianco, L., Pang, P. T. H., Pannarale, F., Pannone, K. A., Pant, B. C., Panther, F. H., Paoletti, F., Paolone, A., Papalexakis, E. E., Papalini, L., Papigkiotis, G., Paquis, A., Parisi, A., Park, B. -J., Park, J., Parker, W., Pascale, G., Pascucci, D., Pasqualetti, A., Passaquieti, R., Passenger, L., Passuello, D., Patane, O., Pathak, D., Pathak, M., Patra, A., Patricelli, B., Patron, A. S., Paul, K., Paul, S., Payne, E., Pearce, T., Pedraza, M., Pegna, R., Pele, A., Arellano, F. E. Peña, Penn, S., Penuliar, M. D., Perego, A., Pereira, Z., Perez, J. J., Périgois, C., Perna, G., Perreca, A., Perret, J., Perriès, S., Perry, J. W., Pesios, D., Petracca, S., Petrillo, C., Pfeiffer, H. P., Pham, H., Pham, K. A., Phukon, K. S., Phurailatpam, H., Piarulli, M., Piccari, L., Piccinni, O. J., Pichot, M., Piendibene, M., Piergiovanni, F., Pierini, L., Pierra, G., Pierro, V., Pietrzak, M., Pillas, M., Pilo, F., Pinard, L., Pinto, I. M., Pinto, M., Piotrzkowski, B. J., Pirello, M., Pitkin, M. D., Placidi, A., Placidi, E., Planas, M. L., Plastino, W., Poggiani, R., Polini, E., Pompili, L., Poon, J., Porcelli, E., Porter, E. K., Posnansky, C., Poulton, R., Powell, J., Pracchia, M., Pradhan, B. K., Pradier, T., Prajapati, A. K., Prasai, K., Prasanna, R., Prasia, P., Pratten, G., Principe, G., Principe, M., Prodi, G. A., Prokhorov, L., Prosposito, P., Puecher, A., Pullin, J., Punturo, M., Puppo, P., Pürrer, M., Qi, H., Qin, J., Quéméner, G., Quetschke, V., Quigley, C., Quinonez, P. J., Raab, F. J., Raabith, S. S., Raaijmakers, G., Raja, S., Rajan, C., Rajbhandari, B., Ramirez, K. E., Vidal, F. A. Ramis, Ramos-Buades, A., Rana, D., Ranjan, S., Ransom, K., Rapagnani, P., Ratto, B., Rawat, S., Ray, A., Raymond, V., Razzano, M., Read, J., Payo, M. 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R., Sänger, E. M., Santoliquido, F., Saravanan, T. R., Sarin, N., Sasaoka, S., Sasli, A., Sassi, P., Sassolas, B., Satari, H., Sato, R., Sato, Y., Sauter, O., Savage, R. L., Sawada, T., Sawant, H. L., Sayah, S., Scacco, V., Schaetzl, D., Scheel, M., Schiebelbein, A., Schiworski, M. G., Schmidt, P., Schmidt, S., Schnabel, R., Schneewind, M., Schofield, R. M. S., Schouteden, K., Schulte, B. W., Schutz, B. F., Schwartz, E., Scialpi, M., Scott, J., Scott, S. M., Seetharamu, T. C., Seglar-Arroyo, M., Sekiguchi, Y., Sellers, D., Sengupta, A. S., Sentenac, D., Seo, E. G., Seo, J. W., Sequino, V., Serra, M., Servignat, G., Sevrin, A., Shaffer, T., Shah, U. S., Shaikh, M. A., Shao, L., Sharma, A. K., Sharma, P., Sharma-Chaudhary, S., Shaw, M. R., Shawhan, P., Shcheblanov, N. S., Sheridan, E., Shikano, Y., Shikauchi, M., Shimode, K., Shinkai, H., Shiota, J., Shoemaker, D. H., Shoemaker, D. M., Short, R. W., ShyamSundar, S., Sider, A., Siegel, H., Sieniawska, M., Sigg, D., Silenzi, L., Simmonds, M., Singer, L. P., Singh, A., Singh, D., Singh, M. K., Singh, S., Singha, A., Sintes, A. M., Sipala, V., Skliris, V., Slagmolen, B. J. J., Slaven-Blair, T. J., Smetana, J., Smith, J. R., Smith, L., Smith, R. J. E., Smith, W. J., Soldateschi, J., Somiya, K., Song, I., Soni, K., Soni, S., Sordini, V., Sorrentino, F., Sorrentino, N., Sotani, H., Soulard, R., Southgate, A., Spagnuolo, V., Spencer, A. P., Spera, M., Spinicelli, P., Spoon, J. B., Sprague, C. A., Srivastava, A. K., Stachurski, F., Steer, D. A., Steinlechner, J., Steinlechner, S., Stergioulas, N., Stevens, P., StPierre, M., Stratta, G., Strong, M. D., Strunk, A., Sturani, R., Stuver, A. L., Suchenek, M., Sudhagar, S., Sueltmann, N., Suleiman, L., Sullivan, K. D., Sun, L., Sunil, S., Suresh, J., Sutton, P. J., Suzuki, T., Suzuki, Y., Swinkels, B. L., Syx, A., Szczepańczyk, M. J., Szewczyk, P., Tacca, M., Tagoshi, H., Tait, S. C., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, R., Takamori, A., Takase, T., Takatani, K., Takeda, H., Takeshita, K., Talbot, C., Tamaki, M., Tamanini, N., Tanabe, D., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, S. J., Tanaka, T., Tang, D., Tanioka, S., Tanner, D. B., Tao, L., Tapia, R. D., Martín, E. N. Tapia San, Tarafder, R., Taranto, C., Taruya, A., Tasson, J. D., Teloi, M., Tenorio, R., Themann, H., Theodoropoulos, A., Thirugnanasambandam, M. P., Thomas, L. M., Thomas, M., Thomas, P., Thompson, J. E., Thondapu, S. R., Thorne, K. A., Thrane, E., Tissino, J., Tiwari, A., Tiwari, P., Tiwari, S., Tiwari, V., Todd, M. R., Toivonen, A. M., Toland, K., Tolley, A. E., Tomaru, T., Tomita, K., Tomura, T., Tong-Yu, C., Toriyama, A., Toropov, N., Torres-Forné, A., Torrie, C. I., Toscani, M., Melo, I. Tosta e, Tournefier, E., Trapananti, A., Travasso, F., Traylor, G., Trevor, M., Tringali, M. C., Tripathee, A., Troian, G., Troiano, L., Trovato, A., Trozzo, L., Trudeau, R. J., Tsang, T. T. L., Tso, R., Tsuchida, S., Tsukada, L., Tsutsui, T., Turbang, K., Turconi, M., Turski, C., Ubach, H., Uchikata, N., Uchiyama, T., Udall, R. P., Uehara, T., Uematsu, M., Ueno, K., Ueno, S., Undheim, V., Ushiba, T., Vacatello, M., Vahlbruch, H., Vaidya, N., Vajente, G., Vajpeyi, A., Valdes, G., Valencia, J., Valentini, M., Vallejo-Peña, S. A., Vallero, S., Valsan, V., van Bakel, N., van Beuzekom, M., van Dael, M., Brand, J. F. J. van den, Broeck, C. Van Den, Vander-Hyde, D. C., van der Sluys, M., Van de Walle, A., van Dongen, J., Vandra, K., van Haevermaet, H., van Heijningen, J. V., Van Hove, P., VanKeuren, M., Vanosky, J., van Putten, M. H. P. M., van Ranst, Z., van Remortel, N., Vardaro, M., Vargas, A. F., Varghese, J. J., Varma, V., Vasúth, M., Vecchio, A., Vedovato, G., Veitch, J., Veitch, P. J., Venikoudis, S., Venneberg, J., Verdier, P., Verkindt, D., Verma, B., Verma, P., Verma, Y., Vermeulen, S. M., Vetrano, F., Veutro, A., Vibhute, A. M., Viceré, A., Vidyant, S., Viets, A. D., Vijaykumar, A., Vilkha, A., Villa-Ortega, V., Vincent, E. T., Vinet, J. -Y., Viret, S., Virtuoso, A., Vitale, S., Vives, A., Vocca, H., Voigt, D., von Reis, E. R. G., von Wrangel, J. S. A., Vyatchanin, S. P., Wade, L. E., Wade, M., Wagner, K. J., Wajid, A., Walker, M., Wallace, G. S., Wallace, L., Wang, H., Wang, J. Z., Wang, W. H., Wang, Z., Waratkar, G., Warner, J., Was, M., Washimi, T., Washington, N. Y., Watarai, D., Wayt, K. E., Weaver, B. R., Weaver, B., Weaving, C. R., Webster, S. A., Weinert, M., Weinstein, A. J., Weiss, R., Wellmann, F., Wen, L., Weßels, P., Wette, K., Whelan, J. T., Whiting, B. F., Whittle, C., Wildberger, J. B., Wilk, O. S., Wilken, D., Wilkin, A. T., Willadsen, D. J., Willetts, K., Williams, D., Williams, M. J., Williams, N. S., Willis, J. L., Willke, B., Wils, M., Winterflood, J., Wipf, C. C., Woan, G., Woehler, J., Wofford, J. K., Wolfe, N. E., Wong, H. T., Wong, H. W. Y., Wong, I. C. F., Wright, J. L., Wright, M., Wu, C., Wu, D. S., Wu, H., Wuchner, E., Wysocki, D. M., Xu, V. A., Xu, Y., Yadav, N., Yamamoto, H., Yamamoto, K., Yamamoto, T. S., Yamamoto, T., Yamamura, S., Yamazaki, R., Yan, S., Yan, T., Yang, F. W., Yang, F., Yang, K. Z., Yang, Y., Yarbrough, Z., Yasui, H., Yeh, S. -W., Yelikar, A. B., Yin, X., Yokoyama, J., Yokozawa, T., Yoo, J., Yu, H., Yuan, S., Yuzurihara, H., Zadrożny, A., Zanolin, M., Zeeshan, M., Zelenova, T., Zendri, J. -P., Zeoli, M., Zerrad, M., Zevin, M., Zhang, A. C., Zhang, L., Zhang, R., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., Zhao, C., Zhao, Yue, Zhao, Yuhang, Zheng, Y., Zhong, H., Zhou, R., Zhu, X. -J., Zhu, Z. -H., Zimmerman, A. B., Zucker, M. E., and Zweizig, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We present the results of a search for gravitational-wave transients associated with core-collapse supernova SN 2023ixf, which was observed in the galaxy Messier 101 via optical emission on 2023 May 19th, during the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA 15th Engineering Run. We define a five-day on-source window during which an accompanying gravitational-wave signal may have occurred. No gravitational waves have been identified in data when at least two gravitational-wave observatories were operating, which covered $\sim 14\%$ of this five-day window. We report the search detection efficiency for various possible gravitational-wave emission models. Considering the distance to M101 (6.7 Mpc), we derive constraints on the gravitational-wave emission mechanism of core-collapse supernovae across a broad frequency spectrum, ranging from 50 Hz to 2 kHz where we assume the GW emission occurred when coincident data are available in the on-source window. Considering an ellipsoid model for a rotating proto-neutron star, our search is sensitive to gravitational-wave energy $1 \times 10^{-5} M_{\odot} c^2$ and luminosity $4 \times 10^{-5} M_{\odot} c^2/\text{s}$ for a source emitting at 50 Hz. These constraints are around an order of magnitude more stringent than those obtained so far with gravitational-wave data. The constraint on the ellipticity of the proto-neutron star that is formed is as low as $1.04$, at frequencies above $1200$ Hz, surpassing results from SN 2019ejj., Comment: Main paper: 6 pages, 4 figures and 1 table. Total with appendices: 20 pages, 4 figures, and 1 table
Published: 2024

18. Lifetimes and Branching Ratios Apparatus (LIBRA)

Author: Sun, L. J., Dopfer, J., Adams, A., Wrede, C., Banerjee, A., Brown, B. A., Chen, J., Jensen, E. A. M., Mahajan, R., Rauscher, T., Sumithrarachchi, C., Weghorn, L. E., Weisshaar, D., and Wheeler, T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The Particle X-ray Coincidence Technique (PXCT) was originally developed to measure average lifetimes in the $10^{-17}-10^{-15}$~s range for proton-unbound states populated by electron capture (EC). We have designed and built the Lifetimes and Branching Ratios Apparatus (LIBRA) to be used in the stopped-beam area at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams that extends PXCT to measure both lifetimes and decay branching ratios of resonances populated by EC/$\beta^+$ decay. The first application of LIBRA aims to obtain essential nuclear data from $^{60}$Ga EC/$\beta^+$ decay to constrain the thermonuclear rates of the $^{59}$Cu$(p,\gamma)^{60}$Zn and $^{59}$Cu$(p,\alpha)^{56}$Ni reactions, and in turn, the strength of the NiCu nucleosynthesis cycle, which is predicted to significantly impact the modeling of Type I X-ray burst light curves and the composition of the burst ashes. Detailed theoretical calculations, Monte Carlo simulations, and performance tests with radioactive sources have been conducted to validate the feasibility of employing LIBRA for the $^{60}$Ga experiment. The method introduced with LIBRA has the potential to measure nearly all essential ingredients for thermonuclear reaction rate calculations in a single experiment, in the absence of direct measurements, which are often impractical for radioactive reactants.
Published: 2024

19. Search for $h_b(2P)\to\gamma\chi_{bJ}(1P)$ at $\sqrt{s} = 10.860$ GeV

Author: Belle Collaboration, Boschetti, A., Mussa, R., Tamponi, U., Adachi, I., Aihara, H., Asner, D. M., Aushev, T., Ayad, R., Banerjee, Sw., Belous, K., Bennett, J., Bessner, M., Biswas, D., Bobrov, A., Bodrov, D., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Branchini, P., Browder, T. E., Budano, A., Chang, M. -C., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Cho, K., Choi, S. -K., Choi, Y., Choudhury, S., De Nardo, G., De Pietro, G., Dhamija, R., Di Capua, F., Doležal, Z., Dong, T. V., Ecker, P., Epifanov, D., Ferlewicz, D., Fulsom, B. G., Garg, R., Gaur, V., Garmash, A., Giri, A., Goldenzweig, P., Graziani, E., Gu, T., Guan, Y., Gudkova, K., Hadjivasiliou, C., Hara, T., Hayasaka, K., Hayashii, H., Hazra, S., Hou, W. -S., Hsu, C. -L., Inami, K., Ipsita, N., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Jacobs, W. W., Jin, Y., Kawasaki, T., Kiesling, C., Kim, C. H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, K. -H., Kim, Y. -K., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Korpar, S., Kovalenko, E., Križan, P., Krokovny, P., Kumar, R., Kumara, K., Kwon, Y. -J., Lam, T., Levit, D., Li, L. K., Li, Y. B., Gioi, L. Li, Liventsev, D., Ma, Y., Masuda, M., Matsuda, T., Matvienko, D., Meier, F., Merola, M., Miyabayashi, K., Mizuk, R., Mohanty, G. B., Nakao, M., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, L., Nayak, M., Nishida, S., Ogawa, S., Ono, H., Pakhlova, G., Park, J., Park, S. -H., Passeri, A., Patra, S., Paul, S., Pedlar, T. K., Pestotnik, R., Piilonen, L. E., Podobnik, T., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Rout, N., Russo, G., Sandilya, S., Santelj, L., Savinov, V., Schnell, G., Schwanda, C., Seino, Y., Senyo, K., Shan, W., Shen, C. P., Shiu, J. -G., Sokolov, A., Solovieva, E., Starič, M., Sumihama, M., Takizawa, M., Tanida, K., Tenchini, F., Tiwary, R., Uchida, M., Unno, Y., Uno, S., Vinokurova, A., Wang, E., Wang, M. -Z., Wang, X. L., Won, E., Yabsley, B. D., Yelton, J., Yin, J. H., Yook, Y., and Yuan, L.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: In the bottomonium sector, the hindered magnetic dipole (M1) transitions between P-wave states $h_b(2P) \rightarrow \chi_{bJ}(1P) \gamma$, $J=0, \, 1, \, 2$, are expected to be severely suppressed according to the Relativized Quark Model, due to the spin flip of the $b$ quark. Nevertheless, a recent model following the coupled-channel approach predicts the corresponding branching fractions to be enhanced by orders of magnitude. In this Letter, we report the first search for such transitions. We find no significant signals and set upper limits at 90% CL on the corresponding branching fractions: $\mathcal{B}[h_b(2P)\to\gamma\chi_{b0}(1P)] < 2.7 \times 10^{-1}$, $\mathcal{B}[h_b(2P)\to\gamma\chi_{b1}(1P)] < 5.4 \times 10^{-3}$ and $\mathcal{B}[h_b(2P)\to\gamma\chi_{b2}(1P)] < 1.3 \times 10^{-2}$. These values help to constrain the parameters of the coupled-channel models. The results are obtained using a $121.4 \, fb^{-1}$ data sample taken around $\sqrt{s}= 10.860 \, GeV$ with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ collider.
Published: 2024

20. Asymptotically Optimal Change Detection for Unnormalized Pre- and Post-Change Distributions

Author: Adibi, Arman, Kulkarni, Sanjeev, Poor, H. Vincent, Banerjee, Taposh, and Tarokh, Vahid
Subjects: Statistics - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Information Theory, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing
Abstract: This paper addresses the problem of detecting changes when only unnormalized pre- and post-change distributions are accessible. This situation happens in many scenarios in physics such as in ferromagnetism, crystallography, magneto-hydrodynamics, and thermodynamics, where the energy models are difficult to normalize. Our approach is based on the estimation of the Cumulative Sum (CUSUM) statistics, which is known to produce optimal performance. We first present an intuitively appealing approximation method. Unfortunately, this produces a biased estimator of the CUSUM statistics and may cause performance degradation. We then propose the Log-Partition Approximation Cumulative Sum (LPA-CUSUM) algorithm based on thermodynamic integration (TI) in order to estimate the log-ratio of normalizing constants of pre- and post-change distributions. It is proved that this approach gives an unbiased estimate of the log-partition function and the CUSUM statistics, and leads to an asymptotically optimal performance. Moreover, we derive a relationship between the required sample size for thermodynamic integration and the desired detection delay performance, offering guidelines for practical parameter selection. Numerical studies are provided demonstrating the efficacy of our approach.
Published: 2024

21. Skill vs. Chance Quantification for Popular Card & Board Games

Author: Banerjee, Tathagata, De, Anushka, Maitra, Subhamoy, and Mukherjee, Diganta
Subjects: Computer Science - Computer Science and Game Theory, Statistics - Applications
Abstract: We consider a few online and offline games under actual playing conditions. Generally it is expected that initially a player obtains additional skill with experience of playing more number of games and then it should finally saturate. This phase is identified when a player, with the experience of very few games, loses more when she plays against players with much longer history. Then the winning proportion curve moves up and finally it saturates. We benchmark our analysis and discussion against Chess, the most skilled one among the games we consider here. We use proprietary data from actual games (online and offline) as well as experiments for our statistical analysis. In this regard, we show that Rummy has stronger skill and learning effects. Ludo has similar characteristics as Rummy, but at a weaker level. Similarly, a game that is perceived as almost no skill such as Teen Patti indeed presents much less skill in the analysis. In the next section we describe the game structures., Comment: 25 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2024

22. Particle production rate for a dynamical system using the path integral approach

Author: Ganguly, Samit, Banerjee, Narayan, Bhattacharyya, Abhijit, and Manna, Goutam
Subjects: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract: In this work, we investigate the particle creation rate in a dynamical (Vaidya) spacetime using Feynman's path integral formalism within the framework of the effective action approach. We analyze particle production rates in the region of dynamical horizons, revealing an initial high rate followed by a rapid decline in all cases. Additionally, we explore the thermodynamic properties by calculating the surface gravity and corresponding Hayward-Kodama temperatures for each scenario. Graphical representations show the variation of surface gravity over time for the three cases, offering insights into the system's thermodynamic evolution. Our research investigates the connection between background geometry and the particle creation process, placing it within the broader context of quantum field theory in curved spacetime. The non-stationary nature of Vaidya geometry is highlighted as a valuable framework for examining the dynamic aspects of particle creation. This in-depth analysis enhances our understanding of quantum processes in curved spacetime and may offer insights relevant to thermodynamics and studies of gravitational collapse., Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2024

23. Active Screws: Emergent Active Chiral Nematics of Spinning Self-Propelled Rods

Author: Banerjee, Debarghya and Alert, Ricard
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Physics - Biological Physics
Abstract: Several types of active agents self-propel by spinning around their propulsion axis, thus behaving as active screws. Examples include cytoskeletal filaments in gliding assays, magnetically-driven colloidal helices, and microorganisms like the soil bacterium $\it{M. xanthus}$. Here, we develop a model for spinning self-propelled rods on a substrate, and we coarse-grain it to derive the corresponding hydrodynamic equations. If the rods propel purely along their axis, we obtain equations for a dry active nematic. However, spinning rods can also roll sideways as they move. We find that this transverse motion turns the system into a chiral active nematic. Thus, we identify a mechanism whereby individual chirality can give rise to collective chiral flows. Finally, we analyze experiments on $\it{M. xanthus}$ colonies to show that they exhibit chiral flows around topological defects, with a chiral activity about an order of magnitude weaker than the achiral one. Our work reveals the collective behavior of active screws, which is relevant to colonies of social bacteria and groups of unicellular parasites.
Published: 2024

24. On sparse set topology using ideals in the space of reals

Author: Debnath, Indrajit and Banerjee, Amar Kumar
Subjects: Mathematics - General Topology, 26E99, 54C30, 40A35
Abstract: In this paper we have introduced the notion of $\mathcal{I}$-sparse set in the space of reals and explored some properties of the family of $\mathcal{I}$-sparse sets. Thereafter we have induced a topology namely $\mathcal{I}$-sparse set topology in the space of reals and it has been observed that this topology is finer than $\mathcal{I}-$density topology introduced by Banerjee and Debnath in \cite{banerjee 4}. We further studied some salient properties of this topology., Comment: 11 pages
Published: 2024

25. Navigating the Cultural Kaleidoscope: A Hitchhiker's Guide to Sensitivity in Large Language Models

Author: Banerjee, Somnath, Layek, Sayan, Shrawgi, Hari, Mandal, Rajarshi, Halder, Avik, Kumar, Shanu, Basu, Sagnik, Agrawal, Parag, Hazra, Rima, and Mukherjee, Animesh
Subjects: Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Computers and Society
Abstract: As LLMs are increasingly deployed in global applications, the importance of cultural sensitivity becomes paramount, ensuring that users from diverse backgrounds feel respected and understood. Cultural harm can arise when these models fail to align with specific cultural norms, resulting in misrepresentations or violations of cultural values. This work addresses the challenges of ensuring cultural sensitivity in LLMs, especially in small-parameter models that often lack the extensive training data needed to capture global cultural nuances. We present two key contributions: (1) A cultural harm test dataset, created to assess model outputs across different cultural contexts through scenarios that expose potential cultural insensitivities, and (2) A culturally aligned preference dataset, aimed at restoring cultural sensitivity through fine-tuning based on feedback from diverse annotators. These datasets facilitate the evaluation and enhancement of LLMs, ensuring their ethical and safe deployment across different cultural landscapes. Our results show that integrating culturally aligned feedback leads to a marked improvement in model behavior, significantly reducing the likelihood of generating culturally insensitive or harmful content. Ultimately, this work paves the way for more inclusive and respectful AI systems, fostering a future where LLMs can safely and ethically navigate the complexities of diverse cultural landscapes.
Published: 2024

26. Majorized Bayesian Persuasion and Fair Selection

Author: Banerjee, Siddhartha, Munagala, Kamesh, Shen, Yiheng, and Wang, Kangning
Subjects: Computer Science - Computer Science and Game Theory
Abstract: We address the fundamental problem of selection under uncertainty by modeling it from the perspective of Bayesian persuasion. In our model, a decision maker with imperfect information always selects the option with the highest expected value. We seek to achieve fairness among the options by revealing additional information to the decision maker and hence influencing its subsequent selection. To measure fairness, we adopt the notion of majorization, aiming at simultaneously approximately maximizing all symmetric, monotone, concave functions over the utilities of the options. As our main result, we design a novel information revelation policy that achieves a logarithmic-approximation to majorization in polynomial time. On the other hand, no policy, regardless of its running time, can achieve a constant-approximation to majorization. Our work is the first non-trivial majorization result in the Bayesian persuasion literature with multi-dimensional information sets., Comment: Conference version of this paper appears in SODA 2025
Published: 2024

27. Anomalously Enhanced Diffusivity of Moir\'e Excitons via Manipulating the Interplay with Correlated Electrons

Author: Yan, Li, Ma, Lei, Meng, Yuze, Xiao, Chengxin, Chen, Bo, Wu, Qiran, Cui, Jingyuan, Cao, Qingrui, Banerjee, Rounak, Taniguchi, Takashi, Watanabe, Kenji, Tongay, Seth Ariel, Hunt, Benjamin, Cui, Yong-Tao, Yao, Wang, and Shi, Su-Fei
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract: Semiconducting transitional metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) moir\'e superlattice provides an exciting platform for manipulating excitons. The in-situ control of moir\'e potential confined exciton would usher in unprecedented functions of excitonic devices but remains challenging. Meanwhile, as a dipolar composite boson, interlayer exciton in the type-II aligned TMDC moir\'e superlattice strongly interacts with fermionic charge carriers. Here, we demonstrate active manipulation of the exciton diffusivity by tuning their interplay with correlated carriers in moir\'e potentials. At fractional fillings where carriers are known to form generalized Wigner crystals, we observed suppressed diffusivity of exciton. In contrast, in Fermi liquid states where carriers dynamically populate all moir\'e traps, the repulsive carrier-exciton interaction can effectively reduce the moir\'e potential confinement seen by the exciton, leading to enhanced diffusivity with the increase of the carrier density. Notably, the exciton diffusivity is enhanced by orders of magnitude near the Mott insulator state, and the enhancement is much more pronounced for the 0-degree than the 60-degree aligned WS2/WSe2 heterobilayer due to the more localized nature of interlayer excitons. Our study inspires further engineering and controlling exotic excitonic states in TMDC moir\'e superlattices for fascinating quantum phenomena and novel excitonic devices.
Published: 2024

28. Charge density wave solutions of the Hubbard model in the composite operator formalism

Author: Banerjee, Anurag, Pangburn, Emile, Mahato, Chiranjit, Ghosal, Amit, and Pépin, Catherine
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract: We investigate the charge density wave phase in the strongly correlated Hubbard model without any other broken symmetry phase. Starting from the atomic Hamiltonian with no hopping, we generate quasiparticle operators corresponding to holons and doublons in the strongly correlated limit of the repulsive Hubbard model. We develop a real space composite operator formalism using the equation of motion technique to include the intersite hopping perturbatively. Our fully self-consistent calculation stabilizes multiple unidirectional translation symmetry broken states within the doping range $\delta=0.07$ to $0.2$. The charge-ordered states become increasingly unfavorable with hole-doping. The unidirectional density waves manifest as periodic modulations of half-filled Mott regions separated by hole-rich regions. Notably, density wave solutions with periods of $3$ to $8$ lattice spacing remain energetically higher than those with larger periods. Quenched disorder on the charge-ordered states induces the merging of the Mott regions and, consequently, forms short-ranged charge modulations. The density of states shows signatures of strongly correlated Mott regions, potentially relevant to the physics of underdoped cuprates., Comment: 13 Pages, 6 Figures
Published: 2024

29. Bayesian Transfer Learning for Artificially Intelligent Geospatial Systems: A Predictive Stacking Approach

Author: Presicce, Luca and Banerjee, Sudipto
Subjects: Statistics - Methodology, Statistics - Computation
Abstract: Building artificially intelligent geospatial systems require rapid delivery of spatial data analysis at massive scales with minimal human intervention. Depending upon their intended use, data analysis may also entail model assessment and uncertainty quantification. This article devises transfer learning frameworks for deployment in artificially intelligent systems, where a massive data set is split into smaller data sets that stream into the analytical framework to propagate learning and assimilate inference for the entire data set. Specifically, we introduce Bayesian predictive stacking for multivariate spatial data and demonstrate its effectiveness in rapidly analyzing massive data sets. Furthermore, we make inference feasible in a reasonable amount of time, and without excessively demanding hardware settings. We illustrate the effectiveness of this approach in extensive simulation experiments and subsequently analyze massive data sets in climate science on sea surface temperatures and on vegetation index.
Published: 2024

30. A search using GEO600 for gravitational waves coincident with fast radio bursts from SGR 1935+2154

Author: The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, the KAGRA Collaboration, Abac, A. G., Abbott, R., Abouelfettouh, I., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adhicary, S., Adhikari, N., Adhikari, R. X., Adkins, V. K., Agarwal, D., Agathos, M., Abchouyeh, M. Aghaei, Aguiar, O. D., Aguilar, I., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Akutsu, T., Albanesi, S., Alfaidi, R. A., Al-Jodah, A., Alléné, C., Allocca, A., Al-Shammari, S., Altin, P. A., Alvarez-Lopez, S., Amato, A., Amez-Droz, L., Amorosi, A., Amra, C., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Andia, M., Ando, M., Andrade, T., Andres, N., Andrés-Carcasona, M., Andrić, T., Anglin, J., Ansoldi, S., Antelis, J. M., Antier, S., Aoumi, M., Appavuravther, E. Z., Appert, S., Apple, S. K., Arai, K., Araya, A., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Argianas, L., Aritomi, N., Armato, F., Arnaud, N., Arogeti, M., Aronson, S. M., Ashton, G., Aso, Y., Assiduo, M., Melo, S. Assis de Souza, Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Attadio, F., Aubin, F., AultONeal, K., Avallone, G., Azrad, D., Babak, S., Badaracco, F., Badger, C., Bae, S., Bagnasco, S., Bagui, E., Baier, J. G., Baiotti, L., Bajpai, R., Baka, T., Ball, M., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Banagiri, S., Banerjee, B., Bankar, D., Baral, P., Barayoga, J. C., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barneo, P., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartoletti, A. M., Barton, M. A., Bartos, I., Basak, S., Basalaev, A., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Bates, D. E., Bawaj, M., Baxi, P., Bayley, J. C., Baylor, A. C., Baynard II, P. A., Bazzan, M., Bedakihale, V. M., Beirnaert, F., Bejger, M., Belardinelli, D., Bell, A. S., Benedetto, V., Benoit, W., Bentley, J. D., Yaala, M. Ben, Bera, S., Berbel, M., Bergamin, F., Berger, B. K., Bernuzzi, S., Beroiz, M., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Beveridge, D., Bevins, N., Bhandare, R., Bhardwaj, U., Bhatt, R., Bhattacharjee, D., Bhaumik, S., Bhowmick, S., Bianchi, A., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Binetti, A., Bini, S., Birnholtz, O., Biscoveanu, S., Bisht, A., Bitossi, M., Bizouard, M. -A., Blackburn, J. K., Blagg, L. A., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Bobba, F., Bode, N., Boileau, G., Boldrini, M., Bolingbroke, G. N., Bolliand, A., Bonavena, L. D., Bondarescu, R., Bondu, F., Bonilla, E., Bonilla, M. S., Bonino, A., Bonnand, R., Booker, P., Borchers, A., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bossilkov, V., Boudart, V., Boudon, A., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Braglia, M., Branch, A., Branchesi, M., Brandt, J., Braun, I., Breschi, M., Briant, T., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brockill, P., Brockmueller, E., Brooks, A. F., Brown, B. C., Brown, D. D., Brozzetti, M. L., Brunett, S., Bruno, G., Bruntz, R., Bryant, J., Bucci, F., Buchanan, J., Bulashenko, O., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Burtnyk, K., Buscicchio, R., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Davies, G. S. Cabourn, Cabras, G., Cabrita, R., Cáceres-Barbosa, V., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. Calderón, Callister, T. A., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Canepa, M., Santoro, G. Caneva, Cannon, K. C., Cao, H., Capistran, L. A., Capocasa, E., Capote, E., Carapella, G., Carbognani, F., Carlassara, M., Carlin, J. B., Carpinelli, M., Carrillo, G., Carter, J. J., Carullo, G., Diaz, J. Casanueva, Casentini, C., Castro-Lucas, S. Y., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cerdá-Durán, P., Cesarini, E., Chaibi, W., Chakraborty, P., Subrahmanya, S. Chalathadka, Chan, J. C. L., Chan, M., Chandra, K., Chang, R. -J., Chao, S., Charlton, E. L., Charlton, P., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chatterjee, C., Chatterjee, Debarati, Chatterjee, Deep, Chaturvedi, M., Chaty, S., Chen, A., Chen, A. H. -Y., Chen, D., Chen, H., Chen, H. Y., Chen, J., Chen, K. H., Chen, Y., Chen, Yanbei, Chen, Yitian, Cheng, H. P., Chessa, P., Cheung, H. T., Cheung, S. Y., Chiadini, F., Chiarini, G., Chierici, R., Chincarini, A., Chiofalo, M. L., Chiummo, A., Chou, C., Choudhary, S., Christensen, N., Chua, S. S. Y., Chugh, P., Ciani, G., Ciecielag, P., Cieślar, M., Cifaldi, M., Ciolfi, R., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Clarke, J., Clarke, T. A., Clearwater, P., Clesse, S., Coccia, E., Codazzo, E., Cohadon, P. -F., Colace, S., Colleoni, M., Collette, C. G., Collins, J., Colloms, S., Colombo, A., Colpi, M., Compton, C. M., Connolly, G., Conti, L., Corbitt, T. R., Cordero-Carrión, I., Corezzi, S., Cornish, N. J., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Cottingham, R., Coughlin, M. W., Couineaux, A., Coulon, J. -P., Countryman, S. T., Coupechoux, J. -F., Couvares, P., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, R., Craig, K., Creed, R., Creighton, J. D. E., Creighton, T. D., Cremonese, P., Criswell, A. W., Crockett-Gray, J. C. G., Crook, S., Crouch, R., Csizmazia, J., Cudell, J. R., Cullen, T. J., Cumming, A., Cuoco, E., Cusinato, M., Dabadie, P., Canton, T. Dal, Dall'Osso, S., Pra, S. Dal, Dálya, G., D'Angelo, B., Danilishin, S., D'Antonio, S., Danzmann, K., Darroch, K. E., Dartez, L. P., Dasgupta, A., Datta, S., Dattilo, V., Daumas, A., Davari, N., Dave, I., Davenport, A., Davier, M., Davies, T. F., Davis, D., Davis, L., Davis, M. C., Davis, P. J., Dax, M., De Bolle, J., Deenadayalan, M., Degallaix, J., De Laurentis, M., Deléglise, S., De Lillo, F., Dell'Aquila, D., Del Pozzo, W., De Marco, F., De Matteis, F., D'Emilio, V., Demos, N., Dent, T., Depasse, A., DePergola, N., De Pietri, R., De Rosa, R., De Rossi, C., DeSalvo, R., De Simone, R., Dhani, A., Diab, R., Díaz, M. C., Di Cesare, M., Dideron, G., Didio, N. A., Dietrich, T., Di Fiore, L., Di Fronzo, C., Di Giovanni, M., Di Girolamo, T., Diksha, D., Di Michele, A., Ding, J., Di Pace, S., Di Palma, I., Di Renzo, F., Divyajyoti, Dmitriev, A., Doctor, Z., Dohmen, E., Doleva, P. P., Dominguez, D., D'Onofrio, L., Donovan, F., Dooley, K. L., Dooney, T., Doravari, S., Dorosh, O., Drago, M., Driggers, J. C., Ducoin, J. -G., Dunn, L., Dupletsa, U., D'Urso, D., Duval, H., Duverne, P. -A., Dwyer, S. E., Eassa, C., Ebersold, M., Eckhardt, T., Eddolls, G., Edelman, B., Edo, T. B., Edy, O., Effler, A., Eichholz, J., Einsle, H., Eisenmann, M., Eisenstein, R. A., Ejlli, A., Eleveld, R. M., Emma, M., Endo, K., Engl, A. J., Enloe, E., Errico, L., Essick, R. C., Estellés, H., Estevez, D., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Evstafyeva, T., Ewing, B. E., Ezquiaga, J. M., Fabrizi, F., Faedi, F., Fafone, V., Fairhurst, S., Farah, A. M., Farr, B., Farr, W. M., Favaro, G., Favata, M., Fays, M., Fazio, M., Feicht, J., Fejer, M. M., Felicetti, R. ., Fenyvesi, E., Ferguson, D. L., Ferraiuolo, S., Ferrante, I., Ferreira, T. A., Fidecaro, F., Figura, P., Fiori, A., Fiori, I., Fishbach, M., Fisher, R. P., Fittipaldi, R., Fiumara, V., Flaminio, R., Fleischer, S. M., Fleming, L. S., Floden, E., Foley, E. M., Fong, H., Font, J. A., Fornal, B., Forsyth, P. W. F., Franceschetti, K., Franchini, N., Frasca, S., Frasconi, F., Mascioli, A. Frattale, Frei, Z., Freise, A., Freitas, O., Frey, R., Frischhertz, W., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fronzé, G. G., Fuentes-Garcia, M., Fujii, S., Fujimori, T., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Gadre, B., Gair, J. R., Galaudage, S., Galdi, V., Gallagher, H., Gallardo, S., Gallego, B., Gamba, R., Gamboa, A., Ganapathy, D., Ganguly, A., Garaventa, B., García-Bellido, J., Núñez, C. García, García-Quirós, C., Gardner, J. W., Gardner, K. A., Gargiulo, J., Garron, A., Garufi, F., Gasbarra, C., Gateley, B., Gayathri, V., Gemme, G., Gennai, A., Gennari, V., George, J., George, R., Gerberding, O., Gergely, L., Ghonge, S., Ghosh, Archisman, Ghosh, Sayantan, Ghosh, Shaon, Ghosh, Shrobana, Ghosh, Suprovo, Ghosh, Tathagata, Giacoppo, L., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Gibson, D. R., Gibson, D. T., Gier, C., Giri, P., Gissi, F., Gkaitatzis, S., Glanzer, J., Glotin, F., Godfrey, J., Godwin, P., Goebbels, N. L., Goetz, E., Golomb, J., Lopez, S. Gomez, Goncharov, B., Gong, Y., González, G., Goodarzi, P., Goode, S., Goodwin-Jones, A. W., Gosselin, M., Göttel, A. S., Gouaty, R., Gould, D. W., Govorkova, K., Goyal, S., Grace, B., Grado, A., Graham, V., Granados, A. E., Granata, M., Granata, V., Gras, S., Grassia, P., Gray, A., Gray, C., Gray, R., Greco, G., Green, A. C., Green, S. M., Green, S. R., Gretarsson, A. M., Gretarsson, E. M., Griffith, D., Griffiths, W. L., Griggs, H. L., Grignani, G., Grimaldi, A., Grimaud, C., Grote, H., Guerra, D., Guetta, D., Guidi, G. M., Guimaraes, A. R., Gulati, H. K., Gulminelli, F., Gunny, A. M., Guo, H., Guo, W., Guo, Y., Gupta, Anchal, Gupta, Anuradha, Gupta, Ish, Gupta, N. C., Gupta, P., Gupta, S. K., Gupta, T., Gupte, N., Gurs, J., Gutierrez, N., Guzman, F., H, H. -Y., Haba, D., Haberland, M., Haino, S., Hall, E. D., Hamilton, E. Z., Hammond, G., Han, W. -B., Haney, M., Hanks, J., Hanna, C., Hannam, M. D., Hannuksela, O. A., Hanselman, A. G., Hansen, H., Hanson, J., Harada, R., Hardison, A. R., Haris, K., Harmark, T., Harms, J., Harry, G. M., Harry, I. W., Hart, J., Haskell, B., Haster, C. -J., Hathaway, J. S., Haughian, K., Hayakawa, H., Hayama, K., Hayes, R., Heffernan, A., Heidmann, A., Heintze, M. C., Heinze, J., Heinzel, J., Heitmann, H., Hellman, F., Hello, P., Helmling-Cornell, A. F., Hemming, G., Henderson-Sapir, O., Hendry, M., Heng, I. S., Hennes, E., Henshaw, C., Hertog, T., Heurs, M., Hewitt, A. L., Heyns, J., Higginbotham, S., Hild, S., Hill, S., Himemoto, Y., Hirata, N., Hirose, C., Ho, W. C. G., Hoang, S., Hochheim, S., Hofman, D., Holland, N. A., Holley-Bockelmann, K., Holmes, Z. J., Holz, D. E., Honet, L., Hong, C., Hornung, J., Hoshino, S., Hough, J., Hourihane, S., Howell, E. J., Hoy, C. G., Hrishikesh, C. A., Hsieh, H. -F., Hsiung, C., Hsu, H. C., Hsu, W. -F., Hu, P., Hu, Q., Huang, H. Y., Huang, Y. -J., Huddart, A. D., Hughey, B., Hui, D. C. Y., Hui, V., Husa, S., Huxford, R., Huynh-Dinh, T., Iampieri, L., Iandolo, G. A., Ianni, M., Iess, A., Imafuku, H., Inayoshi, K., Inoue, Y., Iorio, G., Iqbal, M. H., Irwin, J., Ishikawa, R., Isi, M., Ismail, M. A., Itoh, Y., Iwanaga, H., Iwaya, M., Iyer, B. R., JaberianHamedan, V., Jacquet, C., Jacquet, P. -E., Jadhav, S. J., Jadhav, S. P., Jain, T., James, A. L., James, P. A., Jamshidi, R., Janquart, J., Janssens, K., Janthalur, N. N., Jaraba, S., Jaranowski, P., Jaume, R., Javed, W., Jennings, A., Jia, W., Jiang, J., Kubisz, J., Johanson, C., Johns, G. R., Johnson, N. A., Johnston, M. C., Johnston, R., Johny, N., Jones, D. H., Jones, D. I., Jones, R., Jose, S., Joshi, P., Ju, L., Jung, K., Junker, J., Juste, V., Kajita, T., Kaku, I., Kalaghatgi, C., Kalogera, V., Kamiizumi, M., Kanda, N., Kandhasamy, S., Kang, G., Kanner, J. B., Kapadia, S. J., Kapasi, D. P., Karat, S., Karathanasis, C., Kashyap, R., Kasprzack, M., Kastaun, W., Kato, T., Katsavounidis, E., Katzman, W., Kaushik, R., Kawabe, K., Kawamoto, R., Kazemi, A., Keitel, D., Kelley-Derzon, J., Kennington, J., Kesharwani, R., Key, J. S., Khadela, R., Khadka, S., Khalili, F. Y., Khan, F., Khan, I., Khanam, T., Khursheed, M., Khusid, N. M., Kiendrebeogo, W., Kijbunchoo, N., Kim, C., Kim, J. C., Kim, K., Kim, M. H., Kim, S., Kim, Y. -M., Kimball, C., Kinley-Hanlon, M., Kinnear, M., Kissel, J. S., Klimenko, S., Knee, A. M., Knust, N., Kobayashi, K., Koch, P., Koehlenbeck, S. M., Koekoek, G., Kohri, K., Kokeyama, K., Koley, S., Kolitsidou, P., Kolstein, M., Komori, K., Kong, A. K. H., Kontos, A., Korobko, M., Kossak, R. V., Kou, X., Koushik, A., Kouvatsos, N., Kovalam, M., Kozak, D. B., Kranzhoff, S. L., Kringel, V., Krishnendu, N. V., Królak, A., Kruska, K., Kuehn, G., Kuijer, P., Kulkarni, S., Ramamohan, A. 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A., Xu, Y., Yadav, N., Yamamoto, H., Yamamoto, K., Yamamoto, T. S., Yamamoto, T., Yamamura, S., Yamazaki, R., Yan, S., Yan, T., Yang, F. W., Yang, F., Yang, K. Z., Yang, Y., Yarbrough, Z., Yasui, H., Yeh, S. -W., Yelikar, A. B., Yin, X., Yokoyama, J., Yokozawa, T., Yoo, J., Yu, H., Yuan, S., Yuzurihara, H., Zadrożny, A., Zanolin, M., Zeeshan, M., Zelenova, T., Zendri, J. -P., Zeoli, M., Zerrad, M., Zevin, M., Zhang, A. C., Zhang, L., Zhang, R., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., Zhao, C., Zhao, Yue, Zhao, Yuhang, Zheng, Y., Zhong, H., Zhou, R., Zhu, X. -J., Zhu, Z. -H., Zucker, M. E., and Zweizig, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The magnetar SGR 1935+2154 is the only known Galactic source of fast radio bursts (FRBs). FRBs from SGR 1935+2154 were first detected by CHIME/FRB and STARE2 in 2020 April, after the conclusion of the LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA Collaborations' O3 observing run. Here we analyze four periods of gravitational wave (GW) data from the GEO600 detector coincident with four periods of FRB activity detected by CHIME/FRB, as well as X-ray glitches and X-ray bursts detected by NICER and NuSTAR close to the time of one of the FRBs. We do not detect any significant GW emission from any of the events. Instead, using a short-duration GW search (for bursts $\leq$ 1 s) we derive 50\% (90\%) upper limits of $10^{48}$ ($10^{49}$) erg for GWs at 300 Hz and $10^{49}$ ($10^{50}$) erg at 2 kHz, and constrain the GW-to-radio energy ratio to $\leq 10^{14} - 10^{16}$. We also derive upper limits from a long-duration search for bursts with durations between 1 and 10 s. These represent the strictest upper limits on concurrent GW emission from FRBs., Comment: 15 pages of text including references, 4 figures, 5 tables
Published: 2024

31. Observation of time-dependent $CP$ violation and measurement of the branching fraction of $B^0 \to J/\psi \pi^0$ decays

Author: Belle II Collaboration, Adachi, I., Aggarwal, L., Ahmed, H., Aihara, H., Akopov, N., Aloisio, A., Althubiti, N., Ky, N. Anh, Asner, D. M., Atmacan, H., Aushev, V., Aversano, M., Ayad, R., Babu, V., Bae, H., Baghel, N. K., Bahinipati, S., Bambade, P., Banerjee, Sw., Bansal, S., Baudot, J., Baur, A., Beaubien, A., Becherer, F., Becker, J., Bennett, J. V., Bernlochner, F. U., Bertacchi, V., Bertemes, M., Bertholet, E., Bessner, M., Bettarini, S., Bhardwaj, V., Bianchi, F., Bilka, T., Biswas, D., Bobrov, A., Bodrov, D., Bondar, A., Borah, J., Boschetti, A., Bozek, A., Bračko, M., Branchini, P., Briere, R. A., Browder, T. E., Budano, A., Bussino, S., Campagna, Q., Campajola, M., Cao, L., Casarosa, G., Cecchi, C., Cerasoli, J., Chang, M. -C., Chang, P., Cheaib, R., Cheema, P., Chen, C., Cheon, B. G., Chilikin, K., Chirapatpimol, K., Cho, H. -E., Cho, K., Cho, S. -J., Choi, S. -K., Choudhury, S., Cochran, J., Corona, L., Cui, J. X., De La Cruz-Burelo, E., De La Motte, S. A., De Nardo, G., De Pietro, G., de Sangro, R., Destefanis, M., Dhamija, R., Di Canto, A., Di Capua, F., Dingfelder, J., Doležal, Z., Dong, T. V., Dorigo, M., Dubey, S., Dugic, K., Dujany, G., Ecker, P., Epifanov, D., Feichtinger, P., Ferber, T., Fillinger, T., Finck, C., Finocchiaro, G., Fodor, A., Forti, F., Fulsom, B. G., Gabrielli, A., Ganiev, E., Garcia-Hernandez, M., Garg, R., Gaudino, G., Gaur, V., Gaz, A., Gellrich, A., Ghevondyan, G., Ghosh, D., Ghumaryan, H., Giakoustidis, G., Giordano, R., Giri, A., Gironella, P., Glazov, A., Gobbo, B., Godang, R., Gogota, O., Goldenzweig, P., Gradl, W., Granderath, S., Graziani, E., Gruberová, Z., Guan, Y., Gudkova, K., Haide, I., Han, Y., Hara, T., Hayashii, H., Hazra, S., Hearty, C., Heidelbach, A., de la Cruz, I. Heredia, Villanueva, M. Hernández, Higuchi, T., Hoek, M., Hohmann, M., Hoppe, R., Horak, P., Hsu, C. -L., Humair, T., Iijima, T., Inami, K., Ipsita, N., Ishikawa, A., Itoh, R., Iwasaki, M., Jackson, P., Jacobs, W. W., Jang, E. -J., Jia, S., Jin, Y., Johnson, A., Joo, K. K., Junkerkalefeld, H., Kalita, D., Kandra, J., Kang, K. H., Kang, S., Kawasaki, T., Keil, F., Ketter, C., Kiesling, C., Kim, C. -H., Kim, D. Y., Kim, J. -Y., Kim, K. -H., Kim, Y. -K., Kim, Y. J., Kinoshita, K., Kodyš, P., Koga, T., Kohani, S., Kojima, K., Korobov, A., Korpar, S., Kovalenko, E., Kowalewski, R., Križan, P., Krokovny, P., Kuhr, T., Kulii, Y., Kumar, D., Kumar, R., Kumara, K., Kunigo, T., Kuzmin, A., Kwon, Y. -J., Lai, Y. -T., Lalwani, K., Lam, T., Lau, T. S., Laurenza, M., Leboucher, R., Diberder, F. R. Le, Lee, M. J., Lemettais, C., Leo, P., Li, L. K., Li, Q. M., Li, W. Z., Li, Y., Li, Y. B., Liao, Y. P., Libby, J., Lin, J., Liu, M. H., Liu, Q. Y., Liu, Y., Liu, Z. Q., Liventsev, D., Longo, S., Lueck, T., Lyu, C., Maggiora, M., Maharana, S. P., Maiti, R., Mancinelli, G., Manfredi, R., Manoni, E., Mantovano, M., Marcantonio, D., Marcello, S., Marinas, C., Martellini, C., Martens, A., Martini, A., Martinov, T., Massaccesi, L., Masuda, M., Maurya, S. K., McKenna, J. A., Mehta, R., Meier, F., Merola, M., Miller, C., Mirra, M., Mitra, S., Miyabayashi, K., Mohanty, G. B., Mondal, S., Moneta, S., Moser, H. -G., Mussa, R., Nakamura, I., Nakao, M., Nakazawa, Y., Naruki, M., Natkaniec, Z., Natochii, A., Nayak, M., Nazaryan, G., Neu, M., Nishida, S., Ogawa, S., Ono, H., Onuki, Y., Otani, F., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Paoloni, E., Pardi, S., Park, H., Park, J., Park, K., Park, S. -H., Paschen, B., Passeri, A., Pedlar, T. K., Peruzzi, I., Peschke, R., Pestotnik, R., Piccolo, M., Piilonen, L. E., Podobnik, T., Pokharel, S., Praz, C., Prell, S., Prencipe, E., Prim, M. T., Prudiiev, I., Purwar, H., Rados, P., Raeuber, G., Raiz, S., Rauls, N., Reif, M., Reiter, S., Remnev, M., Reuter, L., Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizzo, G., Roehrken, M., Roney, J. M., Rostomyan, A., Rout, N., Sanders, D. A., Sandilya, S., Santelj, L., Savinov, V., Scavino, B., Schmitt, C., Schneider, S., Schnepf, M., Schoenning, K., Schwanda, C., Schwartz, A. J., Seino, Y., Selce, A., Senyo, K., Serrano, J., Sevior, M. E., Sfienti, C., Shan, W., Sharma, C., Shen, C. P., Shi, X. D., Shillington, T., Shimasaki, T., Shiu, J. -G., Shtol, D., Shwartz, B., Sibidanov, A., Simon, F., Singh, J. B., Skorupa, J., Sobie, R. J., Sobotzik, M., Soffer, A., Sokolov, A., Solovieva, E., Spataro, S., Spruck, B., Song, W., Starič, M., Stavroulakis, P., Stefkova, S., Stroili, R., Strube, J., Sue, Y., Sumihama, M., Sumisawa, K., Sutcliffe, W., Suwonjandee, N., Svidras, H., Takahashi, M., Takizawa, M., Tamponi, U., Tanida, K., Tenchini, F., Thaller, A., Tittel, O., Tiwary, R., Torassa, E., Trabelsi, K., Tsaklidis, I., Uchida, M., Ueda, I., Unger, K., Unno, Y., Uno, K., Uno, S., Urquijo, P., Ushiroda, Y., Vahsen, S. E., van Tonder, R., Veronesi, M., Vismaya, V. S., Vitale, L., Vobbilisetti, V., Volpe, R., Wakai, M., Wallner, S., Wang, M. -Z., Wang, X. L., Wang, Z., Warburton, A., Watanuki, S., Wessel, C., Won, E., Xu, X. P., Yabsley, B. D., Yamada, S., Yan, W., Yelton, J., Yin, J. H., Yoshihara, K., Yusa, Y., Zani, L., Zeng, F., Zhang, B., Zhilich, V., Zhou, J. S., Zhou, Q. D., Zhukova, V. I., and Žlebčík, R.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We present a measurement of the branching fraction and time-dependent charge-parity ($CP$) decay-rate asymmetries in $B^0 \to J/\psi \pi^0$ decays. The data sample was collected with the Belle~II detector at the SuperKEKB asymmetric $e^+e^-$ collider in 2019-2022 and contains $(387\pm 6)\times 10^6$ $B\overline{B}$ meson pairs from $\Upsilon(4S)$ decays. We reconstruct $392\pm 24$ signal decays and fit the $CP$ parameters from the distribution of the proper-decay-time difference of the two $B$ mesons. We measure the branching fraction to be $B(B^0 \to J/\psi \pi^0)=(2.02 \pm 0.12 \pm 0.10)\times 10^{-5}$ and the direct and mixing-induced $CP$ asymmetries to be $C_{CP}=0.13 \pm 0.12 \pm 0.03$ and $S_{CP}=-0.88 \pm 0.17 \pm 0.03$, respectively, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. We observe mixing-induced $CP$ violation with a significance of $5.0$ standard deviations for the first time in this mode.
Published: 2024

32. Electronic structure prediction of medium and high entropy alloys across composition space

Author: Pathrudkar, Shashank, Taylor, Stephanie, Keripale, Abhishek, Gangan, Abhijeet Sadashiv, Thiagarajan, Ponkrshnan, Agarwal, Shivang, Marian, Jaime, Ghosh, Susanta, and Banerjee, Amartya S.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks, Physics - Computational Physics, Quantum Physics
Abstract: We propose machine learning (ML) models to predict the electron density -- the fundamental unknown of a material's ground state -- across the composition space of concentrated alloys. From this, other physical properties can be inferred, enabling accelerated exploration. A significant challenge is that the number of sampled compositions and descriptors required to accurately predict fields like the electron density increases rapidly with species. To address this, we employ Bayesian Active Learning (AL), which minimizes training data requirements by leveraging uncertainty quantification capabilities of Bayesian Neural Networks. Compared to strategic tessellation of the composition space, Bayesian-AL reduces the number of training data points by a factor of 2.5 for ternary (SiGeSn) and 1.7 for quaternary (CrFeCoNi) systems. We also introduce easy-to-optimize, body-attached-frame descriptors, which respect physical symmetries and maintain approximately the same descriptor-vector size as alloy elements increase. Our ML models demonstrate high accuracy and generalizability in predicting both electron density and energy across composition space.
Published: 2024

33. Sequential Decoding of Multiple Traces Over the Syndrome Trellis for Synchronization Errors

Author: Banerjee, Anisha, Welter, Lorenz, Amat, Alexandre Graell i, Wachter-Zeh, Antonia, and Rosnes, Eirik
Subjects: Computer Science - Information Theory
Abstract: Standard decoding approaches for convolutional codes, such as the Viterbi and BCJR algorithms, entail significant complexity when correcting synchronization errors. The situation worsens when multiple received sequences should be jointly decoded, as in DNA storage. Previous work has attempted to address this via separate-BCJR decoding, i.e., combining the results of decoding each received sequence separately. Another attempt to reduce complexity adapted sequential decoders for use over channels with insertion and deletion errors. However, these decoding alternatives remain prohibitively expensive for high-rate convolutional codes. To address this, we adapt sequential decoders to decode multiple received sequences jointly over the syndrome trellis. For the short blocklength regime, this decoding strategy can outperform separate-BCJR decoding under certain channel conditions, in addition to reducing decoding complexity. To mitigate the occurrence of a decoding timeout, formally called erasure, we also extend this approach to work bidirectionally, i.e., deploying two independent stack decoders that simultaneously operate in the forward and backward directions., Comment: Submitted to ICASSP
Published: 2024

34. Analysis of neutrino oscillation parameters in the light on quantum entanglement

Author: Banerjee, Rajrupa, Panda, Papia, Mohanta, Rukmani, and Patra, Sudhanwa
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: Numerous neutrino experiments have confirmed the phenomenon of neutrino oscillation, providing direct evidence of the quantum mechanical nature of neutrinos. In this work, we investigate the entanglement properties of neutrino flavor states within the framework of three-flavor neutrino oscillation using two major entanglement measures: entanglement of formation (EOF) and concurrence, utilizing the DUNE experimental setup. Our findings indicate that the maximally entangled state appears between $\nu_{\mu}$ and $\nu_{\tau}$ whereas, $\nu_{e}$ behaves as a nearly separable state. To further explore the nature of bipartite entanglement, we introduce the concept of the monogamy of entanglement, which allows us to investigate the distinction between genuine three-flavor entanglement and bipartite entanglement. Our analysis confirms that the three-flavor neutrino system forms a bipartite entanglement structure, adhering to the Coffman-Kundu-Wootters (CKW) inequality. Additionally, we implement a minimization procedure to find the best-fit values of the oscillation parameters that correspond to the concurrence minima at the two specific energy points where the concurrence reaches its lowest values. Using these best-fit values, we probe three fundamental unknowns in neutrino oscillation: CP violation sensitivity, neutrino mass hierarchy, and the octant issue of $\theta_{23}$, across two distinct energy points. Our results manifest that while the best-fit values obtained through concurrence minimization show slightly reduced sensitivity to CP violation compared to current best-fit values, they exhibit greater sensitivity to the mass hierarchy. Furthermore, the study reveals a maximal mixing angle for the atmospheric sector., Comment: 24 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2024

35. Suppression of Generation-Recombination Noise in Topological Insulators Through Indium Substitution

Author: Sharma, Kanav, Banerjee, Ritam, Nandi, Anuvab, Gopal, Radha Krishna, and Mitra, Chiranjib
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract: In this work we carry out low-frequency noise spectroscopy (1/f) of highly bulk insulating and disordered thin films of (Bi0.3Sb0.7)2Te3(BST) topological insulator and compare these experimental results of these thin films with the In-doped In0.14(Bi0.3Sb0.7)1.86Te3(IBST) which has enhanced bulk insulating character. The thickness of these thin films is kept around 20nm and temperature-dependent resistance measurements show a highly bulk insulating character where the fermi level is located in the bulk band gap intersecting the Dirac cone only. The analysis of temperature-dependent power spectral density of the two thin films reveals a significant role of Indium (In) substitution in reducing the noise spectra caused by the generation-recombination mechanism in these ternary topological insulator thin films. These results offer potential for exploring topological quantum phase transitions through noise spectroscopy and suggest promising applications in the development of efficient, low-power spintronic devices that can operate near room temperature.
Published: 2024

36. Incorporating Talker Identity Aids With Improving Speech Recognition in Adversarial Environments

Author: Alavilli, Sagarika, Banerjee, Annesya, Elbanna, Gasser, and Magaro, Annika
Subjects: Computer Science - Sound, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing
Abstract: Current state-of-the-art speech recognition models are trained to map acoustic signals into sub-lexical units. While these models demonstrate superior performance, they remain vulnerable to out-of-distribution conditions such as background noise and speech augmentations. In this work, we hypothesize that incorporating speaker representations during speech recognition can enhance model robustness to noise. We developed a transformer-based model that jointly performs speech recognition and speaker identification. Our model utilizes speech embeddings from Whisper and speaker embeddings from ECAPA-TDNN, which are processed jointly to perform both tasks. We show that the joint model performs comparably to Whisper under clean conditions. Notably, the joint model outperforms Whisper in high-noise environments, such as with 8-speaker babble background noise. Furthermore, our joint model excels in handling highly augmented speech, including sine-wave and noise-vocoded speech. Overall, these results suggest that integrating voice representations with speech recognition can lead to more robust models under adversarial conditions., Comment: Submitted to ICASSP 2025
Published: 2024

37. In-Situ Manipulation of Superconducting Properties via Ultrasonic Excitation

Author: Dutta, Biswajit and Banerjee, A.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract: We demonstrate in-situ manipulation of the critical temperature ($T_S$) and upper critical field ($H_{C2}$) of conventional and unconventional superconductors via ultrasonic excitation. Utilizing DC magnetization and AC susceptibility measurements, we observed a reduction in both $T_S$ and $H_{C2}$ with increasing amplitude of the applied ultrasonic waves. This reduction exhibits a power law dependence on the excitation voltage, suggesting a non-linear coupling between the ultrasonic waves and the superconducting order parameter. Measurements on a paramagnetic material (Gd$_2$O$_3$) with quenched orbital angular momentum(L\,=\,0) revealed no change in magnetization even under extreme ultrasonic excitation amplitude, highlighting the role of spin-orbit coupling in the observed effects. Similar measurements on cuprate superconductors showed analogous behavior, suggesting a possible link between the observed modification of superconducting properties and the modulation of the antiferromagnetic network by ultrasonic excitation.
Published: 2024

38. Engineering Si-Qubit MOSFETs: A Phase-Field Modeling Approach Integrating Quantum-Electrostatics at Cryogenic Temperatures

Author: Pandey, Nilesh, Basu, Dipanjan, Chauhan, Yogesh Singh, Register, Leonard F., and Banerjee, Sanjay K.
Subjects: Quantum Physics
Abstract: This study employs advanced phase-field modeling to investigate Si-based qubit MOSFETs, integrating electrostatics and quantum mechanical effects. We adopt a comprehensive modeling approach, utilizing full-wave treatment of the Schrodinger equation solutions, coupled with the Poisson equation at cryogenic temperatures. Our analysis explores the influence of interface traps on quantum dot (QD) barrier heights, affecting coupling due to tunneling. A wider trap distribution leads to the decoupling of quantum dots. Furthermore, the oscillations in the transmission and reflection coefficients increase as the plunger/barrier gate length increases, reducing the coupling between the QDs. By optimizing plunger and barrier gate dimensions, spacer configurations, and gap oxide lengths, we enhance control over quantum well depths and minimize unwanted wave function leakage. The modeling algorithm is also validated against the experimental data and can accurately capture the oscillations in the Id Vgs caused by the Coulomb blockade at cryogenic temperature, Comment: 10 pages
Published: 2024

39. PalmBench: A Comprehensive Benchmark of Compressed Large Language Models on Mobile Platforms

Author: Li, Yilong, Liu, Jingyu, Zhang, Hao, Narayanan, M Badri, Sharma, Utkarsh, Zhang, Shuai, Hu, Pan, Zeng, Yijing, Raghuram, Jayaram, and Banerjee, Suman
Subjects: Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract: Deploying large language models (LLMs) locally on mobile devices is advantageous in scenarios where transmitting data to remote cloud servers is either undesirable due to privacy concerns or impractical due to network connection. Recent advancements (MLC, 2023a; Gerganov, 2023) have facilitated the local deployment of LLMs. However, local deployment also presents challenges, particularly in balancing quality (generative performance), latency, and throughput within the hardware constraints of mobile devices. In this paper, we introduce our lightweight, all-in-one automated benchmarking framework that allows users to evaluate LLMs on mobile devices. We provide a comprehensive benchmark of various popular LLMs with different quantization configurations (both weights and activations) across multiple mobile platforms with varying hardware capabilities. Unlike traditional benchmarks that assess full-scale models on high-end GPU clusters, we focus on evaluating resource efficiency (memory and power consumption) and harmful output for compressed models on mobile devices. Our key observations include i) differences in energy efficiency and throughput across mobile platforms; ii) the impact of quantization on memory usage, GPU execution time, and power consumption; and iii) accuracy and performance degradation of quantized models compared to their non-quantized counterparts; and iv) the frequency of hallucinations and toxic content generated by compressed LLMs on mobile devices., Comment: 10 pages
Published: 2024

40. Robust Quickest Correlation Change Detection in High-Dimensional Random Vectors

Author: Alghamdi, Assma, Banerjee, Taposh, and Rajgopal, Jayant
Subjects: Statistics - Methodology, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing
Abstract: Detecting changes in high-dimensional vectors presents significant challenges, especially when the post-change distribution is unknown and time-varying. This paper introduces a novel robust algorithm for correlation change detection in high-dimensional data. The approach utilizes the summary statistic of the maximum magnitude correlation coefficient to detect the change. This summary statistic captures the level of correlation present in the data but also has an asymptotic density. The robust test is designed using the asymptotic density. The proposed approach is robust because it can help detect a change in correlation level from some known level to unknown, time-varying levels. The proposed test is also computationally efficient and valid for a broad class of data distributions. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated on simulated data.
Published: 2024

41. Constructing Viable Interacting Dark Matter and Dark Energy Models: A Dynamical Systems Approach

Author: Ashmita, Banerjee, Kinjal, and Das, Prasanta Kumar
Subjects: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We study the evolution of $k=-1$ FLRW cosmological models for two interacting Dark Matter-Dark Energy Models using dynamical system analysis. Since we are interested in late time evolution, the sign of the interaction term is chosen such that it facilitates the transfer of energy from dark matter to dark energy. We also explore the $k=0$ invariant subspace of these models. We find that both these models have sectors which have a stable fixed point where we can recover an accelerating universe with a negative equation of state. This indicates these can be viable models for our universe. We also rule out certain sectors of these models because they do not give the correct late time observational features. We observe that although we start with a dust-like Dark Matter, its effective equation of state evolves due to its interaction with Dark Energy. As a result, the Dark Matter can display features of stiff matter and exotic matter in the course of evolution., Comment: 38 pages, 50 figures
Published: 2024

42. The Unlikely Hero: Nonideality in Analog Photonic Neural Networks as Built-in Defender Against Adversarial Attacks

Author: Lu, Haotian, Yin, Ziang, Bhoumik, Partho, Banerjee, Sanmitra, Chakrabarty, Krishnendu, and Gu, Jiaqi
Subjects: Computer Science - Emerging Technologies, Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Physics - Optics
Abstract: Electronic-photonic computing systems have emerged as a promising platform for accelerating deep neural network (DNN) workloads. Major efforts have been focused on countering hardware non-idealities and boosting efficiency with various hardware/algorithm co-design methods. However, the adversarial robustness of such photonic analog mixed-signal AI hardware remains unexplored. Though the hardware variations can be mitigated with robustness-driven optimization methods, malicious attacks on the hardware show distinct behaviors from noises, which requires a customized protection method tailored to optical analog hardware. In this work, we rethink the role of conventionally undesired non-idealities in photonic analog accelerators and claim their surprising effects on defending against adversarial weight attacks. Inspired by the protection effects from DNN quantization and pruning, we propose a synergistic defense framework tailored for optical analog hardware that proactively protects sensitive weights via pre-attack unary weight encoding and post-attack vulnerability-aware weight locking. Efficiency-reliability trade-offs are formulated as constrained optimization problems and efficiently solved offline without model re-training costs. Extensive evaluation of various DNN benchmarks with a multi-core photonic accelerator shows that our framework maintains near-ideal on-chip inference accuracy under adversarial bit-flip attacks with merely <3% memory overhead. Our codes are open-sourced at https://github.com/ScopeX-ASU/Unlikely_Hero., Comment: 7 pages. Accepted to ACM/IEEE ASP-DAC 2025
Published: 2024

43. Merian: A Wide-Field Imaging Survey of Dwarf Galaxies at z~0.06-0.10

Author: Danieli, Shany, Kado-Fong, Erin, Huang, Song, Luo, Yifei, Li, Ting S, Kelvin, Lee S, Leauthaud, Alexie, Greene, Jenny E., Mintz, Abby, Lin, Xiaojing, Li, Jiaxuan, Baldassare, Vivienne, Banerjee, Arka, Bhattacharyya, Joy, Blanco, Diana, Brooks, Alyson, Cai, Zheng, Chen, Xinjun, Cruz, Akaxia, Geda, Robel, Guan, Runquan, Johnson, Sean, Kannawadi, Arun, Kim, Stacy Y., Li, Mingyu, Lupton, Robert, Mace, Charlie, Medina, Gustavo E., Pan, Yue, Peter, Annika H. G., Read, Justin I., Rosado, Rodrigo Córdova, Seifert, Allen, Wasleske, Erik J., and Wick, Joseph
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We present the Merian Survey, an optical imaging survey optimized for studying the physical properties of bright star-forming dwarf galaxies. Merian is carried out with two medium-band filters ($N708$ and $N540$, centered at $708$ and $540$ nm), custom-built for the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) on the Blanco telescope. Merian covers $\sim 750\,\mathrm{deg}^2$ of equatorial fields, overlapping with the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP) wide, deep, and ultra-deep fields. When combined with the HSC-SSP imaging data ($grizy$), the new Merian DECam medium-band imaging allows for photometric redshift measurements via the detection of H$\rm\alpha$ and [OIII] line emission flux excess in the $N708$ and $N540$ filters, respectively, at $0.06
Published: 2024

44. Aemulus $\nu$: Precision halo mass functions in w$\nu$CDM cosmologies

Author: Shen, Delon, Kokron, Nickolas, DeRose, Joseph, Tinker, Jeremy, Wechsler, Risa H., Banerjee, Arka, and Collaboration, the Aemulus
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Precise and accurate predictions of the halo mass function for cluster mass scales in $w\nu{\rm CDM}$ cosmologies are crucial for extracting robust and unbiased cosmological information from upcoming galaxy cluster surveys. Here, we present a halo mass function emulator for cluster mass scales ($\gtrsim 10^{13}M_\odot /h$) up to redshift $z=2$ with comprehensive support for the parameter space of $w\nu{\rm CDM}$ cosmologies allowed by current data. Based on the Aemulus $\nu$ suite of simulations, the emulator marks a significant improvement in the precision of halo mass function predictions by incorporating both massive neutrinos and non-standard dark energy equation of state models. This allows for accurate modeling of the cosmology dependence in large-scale structure and galaxy cluster studies. We show that the emulator, designed using Gaussian Process Regression, has negligible theoretical uncertainties compared to dominant sources of error in future cluster abundance studies. Our emulator is publicly available, providing the community with a crucial tool for upcoming cosmological surveys such as LSST and Euclid., Comment: 30 pages, 9 figures, code available at https://github.com/DelonShen/aemulusnu_hmf
Published: 2024

45. uGMRT Survey of EXoplanets Around M-dwarfs (GS-EXAM): Radio observations of GJ 1151

Author: Narang, Mayank, Puravankara, Manoj, Vedantham, H. K., Chandra, C. H. Ishwara, De, Ayanabha, Tyagi, Himanshu, Banerjee, Bihan, Nayak, Prasanta K., Surya, Arun, Shridharan, B., Pathak, Vinod C., and Tripathi, Mihir
Subjects: Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: Coherent radio emission with properties similar to planetary auroral signals has been reported from GJ 1151, a quiescent, slow-rotating mid-M star, by the LOFAR Two-metre (120-170 MHz) Sky Survey (LoTSS). The observed {LOFAR} emission is fairly bright at 0.89 mJy with 64% circular polarization, and the emission characteristics are consistent with the interaction between an Earth-sized planet with an orbital period of 1-5 days and the magnetic field of the host star. However, no short-period planet has been detected around GJ 1151. To confirm the reported radio emission caused by the putative planet around GJ 1151 and to investigate the nature of this emission, we carried out uGMRT observations of GJ 1151 at 150, 218, and 400 MHz over 33 hours across ten epochs. No emission was detected at any frequency. While at 150 MHz and 218 MHz, non-detection could be due to the low sensitivity of our observations, at 400 MHz, the rms sensitivities achieved were sufficient to detect the emission observed with LOFAR at $\sim$ 20$\sigma$ level. Our findings suggest that the radio emission is highly time-variable, likely influenced by the star-planet system's phase and the host star's magnetic field. Additional observations below 170 MHz, at more frequent epochs (as the periodicity of the emission is unknown), especially during periods of high stellar magnetic field strength, are needed to confirm the emission., Comment: Accepted at AJ, 8 pages, 2 figures
Published: 2024

46. Demography of stellar radio population within 500 pc: A VLASS-Gaia DR3 study

Author: De, Ayanabha, Narang, Mayank, Puravankara, Manoj, Baskaran, Shridharan, Tyagi, Himanshu, Banerjee, Bihan, Nayak, Prasanta Kumar, and Surya, Arun
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: In this work, we have carried out a systematic analysis of the VLASS quick look catalogs together with \textit{Gaia DR3} to identify the optical counterparts of 3~GHz radio emitters within 500~pc to obtain a homogeneous statistical sample of stellar radio sources. We have identified distinct populations of 3 GHz emitters across the \textit{Gaia DR3} color-magnitude diagram. We also present candidate sources (transient, highly variable or background artifacts) which can be confirmed by follow-up observations. A majority of the detected sources constitute main sequence G, K and M-type stars including ultra-cool dwarfs. Pinning down the origin of radio emission from these populations can help us gain further insights into the origin of stellar and planetary magnetic fields. By analyzing the variation of brightness temperature of the sources with their spectral type, we have tentatively associated possible emission mechanisms with different object types. We inspected the correlation between quiescent radio and X-ray emission for our sample that can provide crucial insights into the current understanding of the Gudel-Benz relationship, which is essential for modeling steady radio emission and coronal heating. This VLASS-\textit{\textit{Gaia DR3}} analysis acts as a pilot study for follow-up observations at multiple wavelengths to better understand stellar structure, model flaring activities and detect radio emission caused by star-planet interactions., Comment: 19 pages, 10 figures, 1 table. Accepted to the Astronomical Journal
Published: 2024

47. The hypothetical track-length fitting algorithm for energy measurement in liquid argon TPCs

Author: DUNE Collaboration, Abud, A. Abed, Abi, B., Acciarri, R., Acero, M. A., Adames, M. R., Adamov, G., Adamowski, M., Adams, D., Adinolfi, M., Adriano, C., Aduszkiewicz, A., Aguilar, J., Akbar, F., Alex, N. S., Allison, K., Monsalve, S. Alonso, Alrashed, M., Alton, A., Alvarez, R., Alves, T., Amar, H., Amedo, P., Anderson, J., Andreopoulos, C., Andreotti, M., Andrews, M. P., Andrianala, F., Andringa, S., Anfimov, N., Ankowski, A., Antic, D., Antoniassi, M., Antonova, M., Antoshkin, A., Aranda-Fernandez, A., Arellano, L., Diaz, E. Arrieta, Arroyave, M. A., Asaadi, J., Ashkenazi, A., Asner, D., Asquith, L., Atkin, E., Auguste, D., Aurisano, A., Aushev, V., Autiero, D., Azam, M. B., Azfar, F., Back, A., Back, H., Back, J. J., Bagaturia, I., Bagby, L., Balashov, N., Balasubramanian, S., Baldi, P., Baldini, W., Baldonedo, J., Baller, B., Bambah, B., Banerjee, R., Barao, F., Barbu, D., Barenboim, G., Alzás, P. Barham, Barker, G. J., Barkhouse, W., Barr, G., Monarca, J. Barranco, Barros, A., Barros, N., Barrow, D., Barrow, J. L., Basharina-Freshville, A., Bashyal, A., Basque, V., Batchelor, C., Bathe-Peters, L., Battat, J. B. R., Battisti, F., Bay, F., Bazetto, M. C. Q., Alba, J. L. L. Bazo, Beacom, J. F., Bechetoille, E., Behera, B., Belchior, E., Bell, G., Bellantoni, L., Bellettini, G., Bellini, V., Beltramello, O., Benekos, N., Montiel, C. Benitez, Benjamin, D., Neves, F. Bento, Berger, J., Berkman, S., Bernal, J., Bernardini, P., Bersani, A., Bertolucci, S., Betancourt, M., Rodríguez, A. Betancur, Bevan, A., Bezawada, Y., Bezerra, A. T., Bezerra, T. J., Bhat, A., Bhatnagar, V., Bhatt, J., Bhattacharjee, M., Bhattacharya, M., Bhuller, S., Bhuyan, B., Biagi, S., Bian, J., Biery, K., Bilki, B., Bishai, M., Bitadze, A., Blake, A., Blaszczyk, F. D., Blazey, G. C., Blucher, E., Bodek, A., Bogenschuetz, J., Boissevain, J., Bolognesi, S., Bolton, T., Bomben, L., Bonesini, M., Bonilla-Diaz, C., Bonini, F., Booth, A., Boran, F., Bordoni, S., Merlo, R. Borges, Borkum, A., Bostan, N., Bouet, R., Boza, J., Bracinik, J., Brahma, B., Brailsford, D., Bramati, F., Branca, A., Brandt, A., Bremer, J., Brew, C., Brice, S. J., Brio, V., Brizzolari, C., Bromberg, C., Brooke, J., Bross, A., Brunetti, G., Brunetti, M., Buchanan, N., Budd, H., Buergi, J., Bundock, A., Burgardt, D., Butchart, S., V., G. Caceres, Cagnoli, I., Cai, T., Calabrese, R., Calcutt, J., Calivers, L., Calvo, E., Caminata, A., Camino, A. F., Campanelli, W., Campani, A., Benitez, A. Campos, Canci, N., Capó, J., Caracas, I., Caratelli, D., Carber, D., Carceller, J. M., Carini, G., Carlus, B., Carneiro, M. F., Carniti, P., Terrazas, I. Caro, Carranza, H., Carrara, N., Carroll, L., Carroll, T., Carter, A., Casarejos, E., Casazza, D., Forero, J. F. Castaño, Castaño, F. A., Castillo, A., Castromonte, C., Catano-Mur, E., Cattadori, C., Cavalier, F., Cavanna, F., Centro, S., Cerati, G., Cerna, C., Cervelli, A., Villanueva, A. Cervera, Chakraborty, K., Chalifour, M., Chappell, A., Charitonidis, N., Chatterjee, A., Chen, H., Chen, M., Chen, W. C., Chen, Y., Chen-Wishart, Z., Cherdack, D., Chi, C., Chiapponi, F., Chirco, R., Chitirasreemadam, N., Cho, K., Choate, S., Choi, G., Chokheli, D., Chong, P. S., Chowdhury, B., Christian, D., Chukanov, A., Chung, M., Church, E., Cicala, M. F., Cicerchia, M., Cicero, V., Ciolini, R., Clarke, P., Cline, G., Coan, T. E., Cocco, A. G., Coelho, J. A. B., Cohen, A., Collazo, J., Collot, J., Conley, E., Conrad, J. M., Convery, M., Copello, S., Cova, P., Cox, C., Cremaldi, L., Cremonesi, L., Crespo-Anadón, J. I., Crisler, M., Cristaldo, E., Crnkovic, J., Crone, G., Cross, R., Cudd, A., Cuesta, C., Cui, Y., Curciarello, F., Cussans, D., Dai, J., Dalager, O., Dallavalle, R., Dallaway, W., D'Amico, R., da Motta, H., Dar, Z. A., Darby, R., Peres, L. Da Silva, David, Q., Davies, G. S., Davini, S., Dawson, J., De Aguiar, R., De Almeida, P., Debbins, P., De Bonis, I., Decowski, M. P., de Gouvêa, A., De Holanda, P. C., Astiz, I. L. De Icaza, De Jong, P., Sanchez, P. Del Amo, De la Torre, A., De Lauretis, G., Delbart, A., Delepine, D., Delgado, M., Dell'Acqua, A., Monache, G. Delle, Delmonte, N., De Lurgio, P., Demario, R., De Matteis, G., Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, DeMuth, D. M., Dennis, S., Densham, C., Denton, P., Deptuch, G. W., De Roeck, A., De Romeri, V., Detje, J. P., Devine, J., Dharmapalan, R., Dias, M., Diaz, A., Díaz, J. S., Díaz, F., Di Capua, F., Di Domenico, A., Di Domizio, S., Di Falco, S., Di Giulio, L., Ding, P., Di Noto, L., Diociaiuti, E., Distefano, C., Diurba, R., Diwan, M., Djurcic, Z., Doering, D., Dolan, S., Dolek, F., Dolinski, M. J., Domenici, D., Domine, L., Donati, S., Donon, Y., Doran, S., Douglas, D., Doyle, T. A., Dragone, A., Drielsma, F., Duarte, L., Duchesneau, D., Duffy, K., Dugas, K., Dunne, P., Dutta, B., Duyang, H., Dwyer, D. A., Dyshkant, A. S., Dytman, S., Eads, M., Earle, A., Edayath, S., Edmunds, D., Eisch, J., Englezos, P., Ereditato, A., Erjavec, T., Escobar, C. O., Evans, J. J., Ewart, E., Ezeribe, A. C., Fahey, K., Fajt, L., Falcone, A., Fani', M., Farnese, C., Farrell, S., Farzan, Y., Fedoseev, D., Felix, J., Feng, Y., Fernandez-Martinez, E., Ferry, G., Fialova, E., Fields, L., Filip, P., Filkins, A., Filthaut, F., Fine, R., Fiorillo, G., Fiorini, M., Fogarty, S., Foreman, W., Fowler, J., Franc, J., Francis, K., Franco, D., Franklin, J., Freeman, J., Fried, J., Friedland, A., Fuess, S., Furic, I. K., Furman, K., Furmanski, A. P., Gaba, R., Gabrielli, A., Gago, A. M., Galizzi, F., Gallagher, H., Gallice, N., Galymov, V., Gamberini, E., Gamble, T., Ganacim, F., Gandhi, R., Ganguly, S., Gao, F., Gao, S., Garcia-Gamez, D., García-Peris, M. Á., Gardim, F., Gardiner, S., Gastler, D., Gauch, A., Gauvreau, J., Gauzzi, P., Gazzana, S., Ge, G., Geffroy, N., Gelli, B., Gent, S., Gerlach, L., Ghorbani-Moghaddam, Z., Giammaria, T., Gibin, D., Gil-Botella, I., Gilligan, S., Gioiosa, A., Giovannella, S., Girerd, C., Giri, A. K., Giugliano, C., Giusti, V., Gnani, D., Gogota, O., Gollapinni, S., Gollwitzer, K., Gomes, R. A., Bermeo, L. V. Gomez, Fajardo, L. S. Gomez, Gonnella, F., Gonzalez-Diaz, D., Gonzalez-Lopez, M., Goodman, M. C., Goswami, S., Gotti, C., Goudeau, J., Goudzovski, E., Grace, C., Gramellini, E., Gran, R., Granados, E., Granger, P., Grant, C., Gratieri, D. R., Grauso, G., Green, P., Greenberg, S., Greer, J., Griffith, W. C., Groetschla, F. T., Grzelak, K., Gu, L., Gu, W., Guarino, V., Guarise, M., Guenette, R., Guerzoni, M., Guffanti, D., Guglielmi, A., Guo, B., Guo, F. Y., Gupta, A., Gupta, V., Gurung, G., Gutierrez, D., Guzowski, P., Guzzo, M. M., Gwon, S., Habig, A., Hadavand, H., Haegel, L., Haenni, R., Hagaman, L., Hahn, A., Haiston, J., Hakenmüller, J., Hamernik, T., Hamilton, P., Hancock, J., Happacher, F., Harris, D. A., Hart, A. L., Hartnell, J., Hartnett, T., Harton, J., Hasegawa, T., Hasnip, C. M., Hatcher, R., Hayrapetyan, K., Hays, J., Hazen, E., He, M., Heavey, A., Heeger, K. M., Heise, J., Hellmuth, P., Henry, S., Herner, K., Hewes, V., Higuera, A., Hilgenberg, C., Hillier, S. J., Himmel, A., Hinkle, E., Hirsch, L. R., Ho, J., Hoff, J., Holin, A., Holvey, T., Hoppe, E., Horiuchi, S., Horton-Smith, G. A., Houdy, T., Howard, B., Howell, R., Hristova, I., Hronek, M. S., Huang, J., Huang, R. G., Hulcher, Z., Ibrahim, M., Iles, G., Ilic, N., Iliescu, A. M., Illingworth, R., Ingratta, G., Ioannisian, A., Irwin, B., Isenhower, L., Oliveira, M. Ismerio, Itay, R., Jackson, C. M., Jain, V., James, E., Jang, W., Jargowsky, B., Jena, D., Jentz, I., Ji, X., Jiang, C., Jiang, J., Jiang, L., Jipa, A., Jo, J. H., Joaquim, F. R., Johnson, W., Jollet, C., Jones, B., Jones, R., Jovancevic, N., Judah, M., Jung, C. K., Jung, K. Y., Junk, T., Jwa, Y., Kabirnezhad, M., Kaboth, A. C., Kadenko, I., Kakorin, I., Kalitkina, A., Kalra, D., Kandemir, M., Kaplan, D. M., Karagiorgi, G., Karaman, G., Karcher, A., Karyotakis, Y., Kasai, S., Kasetti, S. P., Kashur, L., Katsioulas, I., Kauther, A., Kazaryan, N., Ke, L., Kearns, E., Keener, P. T., Kelly, K. J., Kemp, E., Kemularia, O., Kermaidic, Y., Ketchum, W., Kettell, S. H., Khabibullin, M., Khan, N., Khvedelidze, A., Kim, D., Kim, J., Kim, M. J., King, B., Kirby, B., Kirby, M., Kish, A., Klein, J., Kleykamp, J., Klustova, A., Kobilarcik, T., Koch, L., Koehler, K., Koerner, L. W., Koh, D. H., Kolupaeva, L., Korablev, D., Kordosky, M., Kosc, T., Kose, U., Kostelecký, V. A., Kothekar, K., Kotler, I., Kovalcuk, M., Kozhukalov, V., Krah, W., Kralik, R., Kramer, M., Kreczko, L., Krennrich, F., Kreslo, I., Kroupova, T., Kubota, S., Kubu, M., Kudenko, Y., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Kufatty, G., Kuhlmann, S., Kulagin, S., Kumar, J., Kumar, P., Kumaran, S., Kunzmann, J., Kuravi, R., Kurita, N., Kuruppu, C., Kus, V., Kutter, T., Kvasnicka, J., Labree, T., Lackey, T., Lalău, I., Lambert, A., Land, B. J., Lane, C. E., Lane, N., Lang, K., Langford, T., Langstaff, M., Lanni, F., Lantwin, O., Larkin, J., Lasorak, P., Last, D., Laudrain, A., Laundrie, A., Laurenti, G., Lavaut, E., Laycock, P., Lazanu, I., LaZur, R., Lazzaroni, M., Le, T., Leardini, S., Learned, J., LeCompte, T., Legin, V., Miotto, G. Lehmann, Lehnert, R., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Leitner, M., Silverio, D. Leon, Lepin, L. M., Li, J. -Y, Li, S. W., Li, Y., Liao, H., Lin, C. S., Lindebaum, D., Linden, S., Lineros, R. A., Lister, A., Littlejohn, B. R., Liu, H., Liu, J., Liu, Y., Lockwitz, S., Lokajicek, M., Lomidze, I., Long, K., Lopes, T. V., Lopez, J., de Rego, I. López, López-March, N., Lord, T., LoSecco, J. M., Louis, W. C., Sanchez, A. Lozano, Lu, X. -G., Luk, K. B., Lunday, B., Luo, X., Luppi, E., MacFarlane, D., Machado, A. A., Machado, P., Macias, C. T., Macier, J. R., MacMahon, M., Maddalena, A., Madera, A., Madigan, P., Magill, S., Magueur, C., Mahn, K., Maio, A., Major, A., Majumdar, K., Mameli, S., Man, M., Mandujano, R. C., Maneira, J., Manly, S., Mann, A., Manolopoulos, K., Plata, M. Manrique, Corchado, S. Manthey, Manyam, V. N., Marchan, M., Marchionni, A., Marciano, W., Marfatia, D., Mariani, C., Maricic, J., Marinho, F., Marino, A. D., Markiewicz, T., Marques, F. Das Chagas, Marquet, C., Marshak, M., Marshall, C. M., Marshall, J., Martina, L., Martín-Albo, J., Martinez, N., Caicedo, D. A. Martinez, López, F. Martínez, Miravé, P. Martínez, Martynenko, S., Mascagna, V., Massari, C., Mastbaum, A., Matichard, F., Matsuno, S., Matteucci, G., Matthews, J., Mauger, C., Mauri, N., Mavrokoridis, K., Mawby, I., Mazza, R., McAskill, T., McConkey, N., McFarland, K. S., McGrew, C., McNab, A., Meazza, L., Meddage, V. C. N., Mefodiev, A., Mehta, B., Mehta, P., Melas, P., Mena, O., Mendez, H., Mendez, P., Méndez, D. P., Menegolli, A., Meng, G., Mercuri, A. C. E. A., Meregaglia, A., Messier, M. D., Metallo, S., Metcalf, W., Mewes, M., Meyer, H., Miao, T., Micallef, J., Miccoli, A., Michna, G., Milincic, R., Miller, F., Miller, G., Miller, W., Mineev, O., Minotti, A., Miralles, L., Mironov, C., Miryala, S., Miscetti, S., Mishra, C. S., Mishra, P., Mishra, S. R., Mislivec, A., Mitchell, M., Mladenov, D., Mocioiu, I., Mogan, A., Moggi, N., Mohanta, R., Mohayai, T. A., Mokhov, N., Molina, J., Bueno, L. Molina, Montagna, E., Montanari, A., Montanari, C., Montanari, D., Montanino, D., Zetina, L. M. Montaño, Mooney, M., Moor, A. F., Moore, Z., Moreno, D., Moreno-Palacios, O., Morescalchi, L., Moretti, D., Moretti, R., Morris, C., Mossey, C., Moura, C. A., Mouster, G., Mu, W., Mualem, L., Mueller, J., Muether, M., Muheim, F., Muir, A., Mukhamejanov, Y., Mulhearn, M., Munford, D., Munteanu, L. J., Muramatsu, H., Muraz, J., Murphy, M., Murphy, T., Muse, J., Mytilinaki, A., Nachtman, J., Nagai, Y., Nagu, S., Nandakumar, R., Naples, D., Narita, S., Navrer-Agasson, A., Nayak, N., Nebot-Guinot, M., Nehm, A., Nelson, J. K., Neogi, O., Nesbit, J., Nessi, M., Newbold, D., Newcomer, M., Nichol, R., Nicolas-Arnaldos, F., Nikolica, A., Nikolov, J., Niner, E., Nishimura, K., Norman, A., Norrick, A., Novella, P., Nowak, A., Nowak, J. A., Oberling, M., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., Oh, S., Oh, S. B., Olivier, A., Olshevskiy, A., Olson, T., Onel, Y., Onishchuk, Y., Oranday, A., Osbiston, M., Vélez, J. A. Osorio, O'Sullivan, L., Ormachea, L. Otiniano, Ott, J., Pagani, L., Palacio, G., Palamara, O., Palestini, S., Paley, J. M., Pallavicini, M., Palomares, C., Pan, S., Panda, P., Vazquez, W. Panduro, Pantic, E., Paolone, V., Papaleo, R., Papanestis, A., Papoulias, D., Paramesvaran, S., Paris, A., Parke, S., Parozzi, E., Parsa, S., Parsa, Z., Parveen, S., Parvu, M., Pasciuto, D., Pascoli, S., Pasqualini, L., Pasternak, J., Patrick, C., Patrizii, L., Patterson, R. B., Patzak, T., Paudel, A., Paulucci, L., Pavlovic, Z., Pawloski, G., Payne, D., Pec, V., Pedreschi, E., Peeters, S. J. M., Pellico, W., Perez, A. Pena, Pennacchio, E., Penzo, A., Peres, O. L. G., Gonzalez, Y. F. Perez, Pérez-Molina, L., Pernas, C., Perry, J., Pershey, D., Pessina, G., Petrillo, G., Petta, C., Petti, R., Pfaff, M., Pia, V., Pickering, L., Pietropaolo, F., Pimentel, V. L., Pinaroli, G., Pincha, S., Pinchault, J., Pitts, K., Plows, K., Pollack, C., Pollman, T., Pompa, F., Pons, X., Poonthottathil, N., Popov, V., Poppi, F., Porter, J., Paixão, L. G. Porto, Potekhin, M., Potenza, R., Pozzato, M., Prakash, T., Pratt, C., Prest, M., Psihas, F., Pugnere, D., Qian, X., Queen, J., Raaf, J. L., Radeka, V., Rademacker, J., Radics, B., Raffaelli, F., Rafique, A., Raguzin, E., Rahaman, U., Rai, M., Rajagopalan, S., Rajaoalisoa, M., Rakhno, I., Rakotondravohitra, L., Ralte, L., Delgado, M. A. Ramirez, Ramson, B., Rappoldi, A., Raselli, G., Ratoff, P., Ray, R., Razafinime, H., Razakamiandra, R. F., Rea, E. M., Real, J. S., Rebel, B., Rechenmacher, R., Reichenbacher, J., Reitzner, S. D., Sfar, H. Rejeb, Renner, E., Renshaw, A., Rescia, S., Resnati, F., Restrepo, Diego, Reynolds, C., Ribas, M., Riboldi, S., Riccio, C., Riccobene, G., Ricol, J. S., Rigan, M., Rincón, E. V., Ritchie-Yates, A., Ritter, S., Rivera, D., Rivera, R., Robert, A., Rocha, J. L. Rocabado, Rochester, L., Roda, M., Rodrigues, P., Alonso, M. J. Rodriguez, Rondon, J. Rodriguez, Rosauro-Alcaraz, S., Rosier, P., Ross, D., Rossella, M., Rossi, M., Ross-Lonergan, M., Roy, N., Roy, P., Rubbia, C., Ruggeri, A., Ferreira, G. Ruiz, Russell, B., Ruterbories, D., Rybnikov, A., Sacerdoti, S., Saha, S., Sahoo, S. K., Sahu, N., Sala, P., Samios, N., Samoylov, O., Sanchez, M. C., Bravo, A. Sánchez, Sánchez-Castillo, A., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Sandberg, V., Sanders, D. A., Sanfilippo, S., Sankey, D., Santoro, D., Saoulidou, N., Sapienza, P., Sarasty, C., Sarcevic, I., Sarra, I., Savage, G., Savinov, V., Scanavini, G., Scaramelli, A., Scarff, A., Schefke, T., Schellman, H., Schifano, S., Schlabach, P., Schmitz, D., Schneider, A. W., Scholberg, K., Schukraft, A., Schuld, B., Segade, A., Segreto, E., Selyunin, A., Senadheera, D., Senise, C. R., Sensenig, J., Shaevitz, M. H., Shanahan, P., Sharma, P., Kumar, R., Poudel, S. Sharma, Shaw, K., Shaw, T., Shchablo, K., Shen, J., Shepherd-Themistocleous, C., Sheshukov, A., Shi, J., Shi, W., Shin, S., Shivakoti, S., Shoemaker, I., Shooltz, D., Shrock, R., Siddi, B., Siden, M., Silber, J., Simard, L., Sinclair, J., Sinev, G., Singh, Jaydip, Singh, J., Singh, L., Singh, P., Singh, V., Chauhan, S. 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V., Vannozzi, A., Van Nuland-Troost, M., Varanini, F., Oliva, D. Vargas, Vasina, S., Vaughan, N., Vaziri, K., Vázquez-Ramos, A., Vega, J., Ventura, S., Verdugo, A., Vergani, S., Verzocchi, M., Vetter, K., Vicenzi, M., de Souza, H. Vieira, Vignoli, C., Vilela, C., Villa, E., Viola, S., Viren, B., Vizarreta, R., Hernandez, A. P. Vizcaya, Vuong, Q., Waldron, A. V., Wallbank, M., Walsh, J., Walton, T., Wang, H., Wang, J., Wang, L., Wang, M. H. L. S., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Warburton, K., Warner, D., Warsame, L., Wascko, M. O., Waters, D., Watson, A., Wawrowska, K., Weber, A., Weber, C. M., Weber, M., Wei, H., Weinstein, A., Westerdale, S., Wetstein, M., Whalen, K., White, A., Whitehead, L. H., Whittington, D., Wilhlemi, J., Wilking, M. J., Wilkinson, A., Wilkinson, C., Wilson, F., Wilson, R. J., Winter, P., Wisniewski, W., Wolcott, J., Wolfs, J., Wongjirad, T., Wood, A., Wood, K., Worcester, E., Worcester, M., Wospakrik, M., Wresilo, K., Wret, C., Wu, S., Wu, W., Wurm, M., Wyenberg, J., Xiao, Y., Xiotidis, I., Yaeggy, B., Yahlali, N., Yandel, E., Yang, J., Yang, K., Yang, T., Yankelevich, A., Yershov, N., Yonehara, K., Young, T., Yu, B., Yu, H., Yu, J., Yu, Y., Yuan, W., Zaki, R., Zalesak, J., Zambelli, L., Zamorano, B., Zani, A., Zapata, O., Zazueta, L., Zeller, G. P., Zennamo, J., Zeug, K., Zhang, C., Zhang, S., Zhao, M., Zhivun, E., Zimmerman, E. D., Zucchelli, S., Zuklin, J., Zutshi, V., and Zwaska, R.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: This paper introduces the hypothetical track-length fitting algorithm, a novel method for measuring the kinetic energies of ionizing particles in liquid argon time projection chambers (LArTPCs). The algorithm finds the most probable offset in track length for a track-like object by comparing the measured ionization density as a function of position with a theoretical prediction of the energy loss as a function of the energy, including models of electron recombination and detector response. The algorithm can be used to measure the energies of particles that interact before they stop, such as charged pions that are absorbed by argon nuclei. The algorithm's energy measurement resolutions and fractional biases are presented as functions of particle kinetic energy and number of track hits using samples of stopping secondary charged pions in data collected by the ProtoDUNE-SP detector, and also in a detailed simulation. Additional studies describe impact of the dE/dx model on energy measurement performance. The method described in this paper to characterize the energy measurement performance can be repeated in any LArTPC experiment using stopping secondary charged pions.
Published: 2024

48. Enhancing Tourism Recommender Systems for Sustainable City Trips Using Retrieval-Augmented Generation

Author: Banerjee, Ashmi, Satish, Adithi, and Wörndl, Wolfgang
Subjects: Computer Science - Information Retrieval
Abstract: Tourism Recommender Systems (TRS) have traditionally focused on providing personalized travel suggestions, often prioritizing user preferences without considering broader sustainability goals. Integrating sustainability into TRS has become essential with the increasing need to balance environmental impact, local community interests, and visitor satisfaction. This paper proposes a novel approach to enhancing TRS for sustainable city trips using Large Language Models (LLMs) and a modified Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) pipeline. We enhance the traditional RAG system by incorporating a sustainability metric based on a city's popularity and seasonal demand during the prompt augmentation phase. This modification, called Sustainability Augmented Reranking (SAR), ensures the system's recommendations align with sustainability goals. Evaluations using popular open-source LLMs, such as Llama-3.1-Instruct-8B and Mistral-Instruct-7B, demonstrate that the SAR-enhanced approach consistently matches or outperforms the baseline (without SAR) across most metrics, highlighting the benefits of incorporating sustainability into TRS., Comment: Accepted at the RecSoGood 2024 Workshop co-located with the 18th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems (RecSys 2024)
Published: 2024

49. Spatially resolved spin angular momentum mediated by spin-orbit interaction in tightly focused spinless vector beams in optical tweezers

Author: Kumar, Ram Nandan, Roy, Sauvik, Gupta, Subhasish Dutta, Ghosh, Nirmalya, and Banerjee, Ayan
Subjects: Physics - Optics
Abstract: We demonstrate an effective and optimal strategy for generating spatially resolved longitudinal spin angular momentum (LSAM) in optical tweezers by tightly focusing first-order azimuthally radially polarized (ARP) vector beams with zero intrinsic angular momentum into a refractive index (RI) stratified medium. The stratified medium gives rise to a spherically aberrated intensity profile near the focal region of the optical tweezers, with off-axis intensity lobes in the radial direction possessing opposite LSAM (helicities corresponding to $\sigma = +1$ and -1) compared to the beam centre. We trap mesoscopic birefringent particles in an off-axis intensity lobe as well as at the beam center by modifying the trapping plane, and observe particles spinning in opposite directions depending on their location. The direction of rotation depends on particle size with large particles spinning either clockwise (CW) or anticlockwise (ACW) depending on the direction of spirality of the polarization of the ARP vector beam after tight focusing, while smaller particles spin in both directions depending on their spatial location. Numerical simulations support our experimental observations. Our results introduce new avenues in spin-orbit optomechanics to facilitate novel yet straightforward avenues for exotic and complex particle manipulation in optical tweezers., Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2024

50. TFS-NeRF: Template-Free NeRF for Semantic 3D Reconstruction of Dynamic Scene

Author: Biswas, Sandika, Wu, Qianyi, Banerjee, Biplab, and Rezatofighi, Hamid
Subjects: Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract: Despite advancements in Neural Implicit models for 3D surface reconstruction, handling dynamic environments with arbitrary rigid, non-rigid, or deformable entities remains challenging. Many template-based methods are entity-specific, focusing on humans, while generic reconstruction methods adaptable to such dynamic scenes often require additional inputs like depth or optical flow or rely on pre-trained image features for reasonable outcomes. These methods typically use latent codes to capture frame-by-frame deformations. In contrast, some template-free methods bypass these requirements and adopt traditional LBS (Linear Blend Skinning) weights for a detailed representation of deformable object motions, although they involve complex optimizations leading to lengthy training times. To this end, as a remedy, this paper introduces TFS-NeRF, a template-free 3D semantic NeRF for dynamic scenes captured from sparse or single-view RGB videos, featuring interactions among various entities and more time-efficient than other LBS-based approaches. Our framework uses an Invertible Neural Network (INN) for LBS prediction, simplifying the training process. By disentangling the motions of multiple entities and optimizing per-entity skinning weights, our method efficiently generates accurate, semantically separable geometries. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach produces high-quality reconstructions of both deformable and non-deformable objects in complex interactions, with improved training efficiency compared to existing methods., Comment: Accepted in NeuRIPS 2024
Published: 2024

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