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The Green Edge project was designed to investigate the onset, life, and fate of a phytoplankton spring bloom (PSB) in the Arctic Ocean. The lengthening of the ice-free period and the warming of seawater, amongst other factors, have induced major changes in Arctic Ocean biology over the last decades. Because the PSB is at the base of the Arctic Ocean food chain, it is crucial to understand how changes in the Arctic environment will affect it. Green Edge was a large multidisciplinary, collaborative project bringing researchers and technicians from 28 different institutions in seven countries together, aiming at understanding these changes and their impacts on the future. The fieldwork for the Green Edge project took place over two years (2015 and 2016) and was carried out from both an ice camp and a research vessel in Baffin Bay, in the Canadian Arctic. This paper describes the sampling strategy and the dataset obtained from the research cruise, which took place aboard the Canadian Coast Guard ship (CCGS) Amundsen in late spring and early summer 2016. The sampling strategy was designed around the repetitive, perpendicular crossing of the marginal ice zone (MIZ), using not only ship-based station discrete sampling but also high-resolution measurements from autonomous platforms (Gliders, BGC-Argo floats …) and under-way monitoring systems. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.17882/86417 (Bruyant et al., 2022).

A simplified model, representing the dynamics of marine organic particles in a given size range experiencing coagulation and fragmentation reactions, is developed. The framework is based on a discrete size spectrum on which reactions act to exchange properties between different particle sizes. The reactions are prescribed according to triplet interactions. Coagulation combines two particle sizes to yield a third one, while fragmentation breaks a given particle size into two (i.e. the inverse of the coagulation reaction). The complete set of reactions is given by all the permutations of two particle sizes associated with a third one. Since, by design, some reactions yield particle sizes that are outside the resolved size range of the spectrum, a closure is developed to take into account this unresolved range and satisfy global constraints such as mass conservation. In order to minimize the number of tracers required to apply this model to an ocean general circulation model, focus is placed on the robustness of the model to the particle size resolution. Thus, numerical experiments were designed to study the dependence of the results on (i) the number of particle size bins used to discretize a given size range (i.e. the resolution) and (ii) the type of discretization (i.e. linear vs. nonlinear). The results demonstrate that in a linearly size-discretized configuration, the model is independent of the resolution. However, important biases are observed in a nonlinear discretization. A first attempt to mitigate the effect of nonlinearity of the size spectrum is then presented and shows significant improvement in reducing the observed biases.

Although interest in blended learning for students has grown within elementary and secondary school contexts, limited research exists on the implementation of blended professional development (PD) for teachers. The current mixed-method action research study examined teacher participation in blended learning PD in a large California district, offered in response to the challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a survey and interviews, the authors examined teacher self-efficacy and the reported influence of the PD on their practice. Findings suggest that the blended PD provided participants with the perceived self-efficacy needed to implement new instructional practices. In addition, collaboration among teachers was essential, teachers were able to learn through different pathways and at different rates, and ongoing support from a qualified PD instructor was necessary. This study sheds light on the implementation of blended PD for K-12 teachers, shares insights on practical considerations for planning and application, and suggests areas for future research.

This paper describes the nature of home-school value discrepancies perceived by students, and tests associations between such value discrepancies and teacher-student relationships with student generational status as a moderator. Using a sample of 1,551 students from grades 10 and 11, chi-square tests and ANOVAs were used to describe the nature of discrepancies, while hierarchical linear regressions were conducted to test associations. Second-generation students generally perceived more differences between family-school values. When experiencing less value discrepancies, students reported closer teacher-student relationships. Value discrepancies were also associated with conflict, third-plus-generation standing out. Practitioners should mitigate value discrepancies to improve teacher-student relationships.

Scholarly practice (SP) is considered a key competency of occupational therapy and physiotherapy. To date, the three sectors--education/research, practice, and policy/regulation--that support SP have been working relatively independently. The goals of this project were to (a) understand how representatives of the three sectors conceptualize SP; (b) define each sector's individual and collective roles in supporting SP; (c) identify factors influencing the enactment of SP and the specific needs of how best to support SP; and (d) co-develop goals and strategies to support SP across all sectors. We used interpretive description methodology. Consistent with an integrated knowledge translation approach, partners representing the three sectors across Canada recruited individuals from each sector, developed the content and questions for three focus groups, and collected and analyzed the data. Inspired by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, we developed the questions for the second focus group. We analyzed the data using an inductive thematic analysis method. Thirty-nine participants from the three sectors participated. Themes related to participants' conceptualization of SP included (a) ongoing process, (b) reflective process, (c) broad concept, and (d) collective effort. Themes describing factors influencing and supporting SP were (a) recognition, (b) appropriate conceptualization, (c) social network, (d) accessibility to resources, and (e) forces outside of practitioners' effort. Goals to support SP included (a) further recognizing SP, (b) sustaining SP competency, and (c) ensuring access to information. SP requires collaborative and integrated intersectoral support and further recognition of its importance through the collaboration of multiple stakeholders.

The MALINA oceanographic campaign was conducted during summer 2009 to investigate the carbon stocks and the processes controlling the carbon fluxes in the Mackenzie River estuary and the Beaufort Sea. During the campaign, an extensive suite of physical, chemical and biological variables were measured across seven shelf–basin transects (south–north) to capture the meridional gradient between the estuary and the open ocean. Key variables such as temperature, absolute salinity, radiance, irradiance, nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll a concentration, bacteria, phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance and taxonomy, and carbon stocks and fluxes were routinely measured onboard the Canadian research icebreaker CCGS Amundsen and from a barge in shallow coastal areas or for sampling within broken ice fields. Here, we present the results of a joint effort to compile and standardize the collected data sets that will facilitate their reuse in further studies of the changing Arctic Ocean. The data set is available at https://doi.org/10.17882/75345 (Massicotte et al., 2020).

The Green Edge initiative was developed to investigate the processes controlling the primary productivity and fate of organic matter produced during the Arctic phytoplankton spring bloom (PSB) and to determine its role in the ecosystem. Two field campaigns were conducted in 2015 and 2016 at an ice camp located on landfast sea ice southeast of Qikiqtarjuaq Island in Baffin Bay (67.4797∘ N, 63.7895∘ W). During both expeditions, a large suite of physical, chemical and biological variables was measured beneath a consolidated sea-ice cover from the surface to the bottom (at 360 m depth) to better understand the factors driving the PSB. Key variables, such as conservative temperature, absolute salinity, radiance, irradiance, nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll a concentration, bacteria, phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance and taxonomy, and carbon stocks and fluxes were routinely measured at the ice camp. Meteorological and snow-relevant variables were also monitored. Here, we present the results of a joint effort to tidy and standardize the collected datasets, which will facilitate their reuse in other Arctic studies. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.17882/59892 (Massicotte et al., 2019a).

The increasing cultural diversity in host society schools highlights the need to better understand the conditions supporting the integration of students with an immigrant background. This study examines whether peer acceptance enhances the association between student-teacher relationship closeness and classroom emotional engagement, and whether this association is moderated by student immigrant status. This study followed 251 fifth- and sixth-grade first- (34.3%), second- (49.4%), or third-generation-plus (16.3%) students across two school years (46.6% boys). Measures included child-reported classroom emotional engagement, student-teacher relationships, peer acceptance, and immigrant status. Using a hierarchical multiple linear regression model, this study demonstrates that positive relationships with teachers represent a protective factor for classroom emotional engagement among students who do not feel accepted by classmates, but only for first-generation students (b = 0.46, p < 0.001). Our results underscore the importance of developing intervention strategies for building student-teacher relationships to benefit the classroom integration of first-generation students.

BACKGROUND: We sought to review our institutions experience with dental implant placement in free flap jaw reconstruction to determine factors impacting restoration of dental occlusion. METHODS: Exactly 48 patients underwent free flap jaw reconstruction with or without dental restoration from 2017 to 2022. Primary outcome was achievement of restored dental occlusion after jaw free flap reconstruction. RESULTS: A total of 48 patients with a mean age of 59.8 ± 16.4 years underwent jaw reconstruction from 2017 to 2022. Ten patients (20.8%) received osteointegrated dental implants. Two patients received a temporary dental prosthesis, 12 ± 4 months after initial reconstruction. Three patients received a final prosthesis, with a mean time to final prosthesis of 17.7 ± 12.4 months. Five patients did not receive any prosthesis despite placement of implants. CONCLUSION: A minority of patients received dental implant placement with free flap jaw reconstruction and only a small subset of these received a definitive dental prosthesis.

BACKGROUND: Audit and Feedback (A&F) interventions based on quality indicators have been shown to lead to significant improvements in compliance with evidence-based care including de-adoption of low-value practices (LVPs). Our primary aim was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of adding a hypothetical A&F module targeting LVPs for trauma admissions to an existing quality assurance intervention targeting high-value care and risk-adjusted outcomes. A secondary aim was to assess how certain A&F characteristics might influence its cost-effectiveness. METHODS: We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis using a probabilistic static decision analytic model in the Québec trauma care continuum. We considered the Québec Ministry of Health perspective. Our economic evaluation compared a hypothetical scenario in which the A&F module targeting LVPs is implemented in a Canadian provincial trauma quality assurance program to a status quo scenario in which the A&F module is not implemented. In scenarios analyses we assessed the impact of A&F characteristics on its cost-effectiveness. Results are presented in terms of incremental costs per LVP avoided. RESULTS: Results suggest that the implementation of A&F module (Cost = $1,480,850; Number of LVPs = 6,005) is associated with higher costs and higher effectiveness compared to status quo (Cost = $1,124,661; Number of LVPs = 8,228). The A&F module would cost $160 per LVP avoided compared to status quo. The A&F module becomes more cost-effective with the addition of facilitation visits; more frequent evaluation; and when only high-volume trauma centers are considered. CONCLUSION: A&F module targeting LVPs is associated with higher costs and higher effectiveness than status quo and has the potential to be cost-effective if the decision-makers willingness-to-pay is at least $160 per LVP avoided. This likely represents an underestimate of true ICER due to underestimated costs or missed opportunity costs. Results suggest that virtual facilitation visits, frequent evaluation, and implementing the module in high-volume centers can improve cost-effectiveness.

"Diseases of despair," most prominently depressive and substance-related problems, diminish the prospects of many young adults, especially those with lower levels of education. Yet many young adults in that situation avoid these problems. Close relationships are thought to be a key factor underpinning risk and resilience among this group. To examine this premise, this study explored links, beyond potential confounders assessed in adolescence, between strengths and strains in the social domain and markers of despair in the early and mid-20s in a Canadian sample overrepresenting youth without postsecondary credentials (N = 543, 52% male, 23% non-White). Having a good general ability to maintain supportive relationships was associated with fewer depressive and substance-related symptoms. Furthermore, support and less strain in relationships with parents and friends were associated with fewer depressive symptoms in the early and mid-20s, while for romantic relationships, associations with depressive symptoms became more consistent and robust in the mid-20s. Therefore, support and strains in romantic relationships gradually gained prominence as a determinant of depressive symptoms as youth advanced in adulthood. For substance-related problems, significant associations emerged for strains in friendships only, in both the early and mid-20s. These results suggest that multiple aspects of relationships pose a risk for or protect from the development of diseases of despair in early adulthood and that their relative importance changes depending on outcomes and developmental timing. Thus, facilitating meaningful social connections and reducing the prevalence and impact of relationship strains might contribute to preventing diseases of despair among youth with lower educational attainment.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused abrupt school closures and transitions to emergency remote teaching, which impacted millions of educators worldwide. Given an overall lack of international perspectives in related research, there is a need to work toward gaining a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of the pandemic on teaching. This study utilized the restorying framework as an approach to narrative inquiry and interviewed a group of educators from countries outside of the U.S. about their teaching-related experiences, difficulties, and desired support during the pandemic. By reshaping their verbal descriptions into cohesive stories, we constructed and illustrated themes that highlighted similarities in struggles with intensified teaching conditions and differences in availability of electronic devices, internet access, and technological training. The study presents insights on preparing for a post-pandemic world and future emergency remote teaching situations with respect to increasing collaboration, providing mental health support, designing professional development programs, and addressing resource disparities.

Traditional information literacy skills (e.g., effectively finding and evaluating information) need to be updated due to the rapidly changing information ecosystem and the growing dominance of online platforms that use algorithms to control and shape information. This article proposes additions to the current ACRL "Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education" that relate to algorithmic literacy. The "Authority is Constructed and Contextual" frame can be applied to recognizing the need to question algorithmic authority (including algorithmic bias), the Information Has Value" frame can be used to acknowledge online platforms' use of proprietary algorithms allowing third parties to access personal data, and the "Searching as Strategic Exploration" frame can draw attention to search results in online platforms are mediated through algorithms. Classroom activities to teach the new knowledge practices and dispositions are also included.

Abstract We propose a fully automatic multi-task Bayesian model, named Bayesian Sequential Network (BSN), for predicting high-grade (Gleason $$\ge$$ ≥ 8) prostate cancer (PCa) prognosis using pre-prostatectomy FDG-PET/CT images and clinical data. BSN performs one classification task and five survival tasks: predicting lymph node invasion (LNI), biochemical recurrence-free survival (BCR-FS), metastasis-free survival, definitive androgen deprivation therapy-free survival, castration-resistant PCa-free survival, and PCa-specific survival (PCSS). Experiments are conducted using a dataset of 295 patients. BSN outperforms widely used nomograms on all tasks except PCSS, leveraging multi-task learning and imaging data. BSN also provides automated prostate segmentation, uncertainty quantification, personalized feature-based explanations, and introduces dynamic predictions, a novel approach that relies on short-term outcomes to refine long-term prognosis. Overall, BSN shows great promise in its ability to exploit imaging and clinicopathological data to predict poor outcome patients that need treatment intensification with loco-regional or systemic adjuvant therapy for high-risk PCa.

Abstract Radiotherapy (RT), a common cancer treatment, unintentionally harms surrounding tissues, including the skin, and hinders wound healing years after treatment. This study aims to understand the mechanisms behind these late-onset adverse effects. We compare skin biopsies from previously irradiated (RT+) and non-irradiated (RT−) sites in breast cancer survivors who underwent RT years ago. Here we show that the RT+ skin has compromised healing capacity and fibroblast functions. Using ATAC-seq, we discover altered chromatin landscapes in RT+ fibroblasts, with THBS1 identified as a crucial epigenetically primed wound repair-related gene. This is further confirmed by single-cell RNA-sequencing and spatial transcriptomic analysis of human wounds. Notably, fibroblasts in both murine and human post-radiation wound models show heightened and sustained THBS1 expression, impairing fibroblast motility and contractility. Treatment with anti-THBS1 antibodies promotes ex vivo wound closure in RT+ skin from breast cancer survivors. Our findings suggest that fibroblasts retain a long-term radiation memory in the form of epigenetic changes. Targeting this maladaptive epigenetic memory could mitigate RT’s late-onset adverse effects, improving the quality of life for cancer survivors.

Abstract Symptoms of the Post-COVID-19 Condition are often non-specific making it a challenge to distinguish them from symptoms due to other medical conditions. In this study, we compare the proportion of emergency department patients who developed symptoms consistent with the World Health Organization’s Post-COVID-19 Condition clinical case definition between those who tested positive for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 infection and time-matched patients who tested negative. Our results show that over one-third of emergency department patients with a proven acute infection meet Post-COVID-19 Condition criteria 3 months post-index visit. However, one in five test-negative patients who claim never having been infected also report symptoms consistent with Post-COVID-19 Condition highlighting the lack of specificity of the clinical case definition. Testing for SARS-CoV-2 during the acute phase of a suspected infection should continue until specific biomarkers of Post-COVID-19 Condition become available for diagnosis and treatment.

Abstract Objective Improving care transitions for older adults can reduce emergency department (ED) revisits, and the strain placed upon caregivers. We analyzed whether caregivers felt a change in burden following a care transition, and what may be improved to reduce it. Methods This mixed-methods observational study nested within LEARNING WISDOM included caregivers of older patients who experienced an ED care transition. Burden was collected with the brief Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI-12), and caregivers also commented on the care transition. A qualitative coding scheme of patient care transitions was created to reflect themes important to caregivers. Comments were randomly analyzed until saturation and themes were extracted from the data. We followed both the SRQR and STROBE checklists. Results Comments from 581 caregivers (mean age (SD) 64.5 (12.3), 68% women) caring for patients (mean age (SD) 77.2 (7.54), 48% women) were analyzed. Caregivers overwhelmingly reported dissatisfaction and unmet service expectations, particularly with home care and domestic help. Communication and follow-up from the ED emerged as an area for improvement. Caregivers who reported an increased level of burden following a patient’s care transition had significantly higher ZBI scores than caregivers who self-reported stable burden levels. Conclusion Caregivers with increasing, stable, and improved levels of subjective burden all reported areas for improvement in the care transition process. Themes centering on the capacity to live at home and inadequate communication were most frequently mentioned and may represent serious challenges to caregivers. Addressing these challenges could improve both caregiver burden and ED care transitions.

Abstract Current poultry vaccines against influenza A viruses target the globular head region of the hemagglutinin (HA1), providing limited protection against antigenically divergent strains. Experimental subunit vaccines based on the conserved ectodomain of the matrix protein 2 (M2e) induce cross-reactive antibody responses, but fail to fully prevent virus shedding after low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) virus challenge, and are ineffective against highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses. This study assessed the benefits of combining nanoparticles bearing three tandem M2e repeats (NR-3M2e nanorings or NF-3M2e nanofilaments) with an HA1 subunit vaccine in protecting chickens against a heterologous HPAI H5N1 virus challenge. Chickens vaccinated with the combined formulations developed M2e and HA1-specific antibodies, were fully protected from clinical disease and mortality, and showed no histopathological lesions or virus shedding, unlike those given only HA1, NR-3M2e, or NF-3M2e. Thus, the combined vaccine formulations provided complete cross-protection against HPAI H5N1 virus, and prevented environmental virus shedding, crucial for controlling avian influenza outbreaks.

ABSTRACT: The global food animal industry faces a growing concern regarding antimicrobial resistance (AMR), primarily driven by the use of antimicrobials (AM) for the treatment, control, and prevention of diseases. Addressing this challenge requires promoting responsible antimicrobial use (AMU) practices. In 2019, the province of Québec, Canada, took a significant step by implementing a regulation that limits the use of AM of very high importance for human medicine (category I AM as defined by Health Canada) in the food animal industry. However, the implementation of such regulation can significantly influence behavioral shifts among producers, contributing to the wider effort against AMR. Therefore, the objective of this observational study was to describe the perceived changes in dairy producers' knowledge and on-farm practices following the implementation of this regulation, using a cohort design. Data collection involved administering questionnaires to 87 dairy producers from 3 regions of the province of Québec (Estrie, Montérégie, Centre-Du-Québec) before (2017–2018) and after (2020–2021) the implementation of the regulation. The questionnaires explored the descriptive characteristics of farms, the knowledge of producers about the categorization of AM, the on-farm treatment practices, and the perceived effects of the regulation. Statistical analysis included t-tests and McNemar tests to compare the paired data obtained using the 2 questionnaires. The results indicated an increase in the knowledge score (the number of AM correctly categorized by the producers by their importance for human medicine) after the implementation of the regulation, suggesting an improved understanding of the categorization of AM based on their importance for human medicine. Trends in AMU practices for treating clinical mastitis and reproductive diseases suggested that category I AM were less likely to be reported as the primary treatment after the regulation, whereas category II AM were more often reported as primary treatment. Adoption of the selective dry cow therapy method significantly increased, whereas the use of teat sealants remained unchanged. Moreover, producers had divergent perceptions regarding the effect of the regulation on the cure rates and disease frequencies. This disparity emphasizes the need for comprehensive data collection to discern the risks associated with such regulatory shifts. The study acknowledges several limitations, including the potential for recall bias, confirmation bias, and desirability bias. Despite these limitations, this study shows that implementing regulations to encourage responsible AMU drives positive transformations in producers' knowledge and on-farm practices. This underscores the pivotal effect of proactive interventions in combating the escalating threat of AMR within the global food animal industry.

This study seeks to identify the configurations of classroom teaching practices, defined based on the classroom goal structures (mastery-approach, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance) and social climate (academic support, emotional support, mutual respect, and task-related interactions) to which a sample of 1,453 seventh graders (M[subscript age] = 12.71; 49.90% girls) report being exposed in their language and mathematics classes. This study also seeks to document the longitudinal associations between these profiles and various indicators of students' school functioning (engagement, achievement) and behavioral adaptation (hyperactivity-inattention, opposition-defiance, internalizing behaviors). Latent profile analyses identified five profiles replicated among boys and girls in language and mathematics classes. However, the prevalence of these profiles differed slightly as a function of sex and subject: Low-all climate (10.01%-19.71%), High-all climate (8.65%-14.82%), Performance climate (26.70%-36.22%), Low performance climate (12.93%-24.84%), and Mastery and positive social climate (19.42%-27.61%). The Mastery and positive social climate and the Low performance climate were associated with the highest levels of school functioning and the lowest levels of behavioral adaptation problems. The Low-all climate and the performance climate were conversely associated with low levels of school functioning and high levels of behavioral adaptation problems. Overall, during the school year, engagement decreased, achievement remained stable, and behavior problems increased. Specific changes within each profile are discussed. Girls were more likely to report exposure to classroom climates associated with the most favorable outcomes, whereas the opposite was true for boys. Considering the multidimensional nature of classroom climate, these results have important theoretical and educational implications for promoting student adaptation.

This study examined the role of teacher self-efficacy and student-teacher relationships (i.e., closeness and conflict) in predicting teacher emotional exhaustion over one school year. Regression analyses conducted among a sample of 161 third- to sixth-grade teachers indicated that, for those who reported high levels of self-efficacy, the sharing of close and conflictual relationships with their students revealed an association with increased levels of emotional exhaustion over time. Thus, when teachers cared and felt efficacious in their work with students, both types of relationships, close and conflictual relationships acted as job demands, increasing their risk of feeling exhausted. When teachers reported low self-efficacy, exposure to conflictual relationships acted as a buffer against emotional exhaustion, as they may have attributed difficulties experienced in the classroom to students rather than their lack of efficacy. Discussion of the Job-Demands-Resources model, emotional labor, and misalignment between teachers' beliefs and practices shed light on these unexpected results.

Teachers' professional satisfaction promotes students' educational success. Studies have shown that teaching in a context of high cultural diversity may affect teachers' level of satisfaction (e.g., satisfaction with students, perceived warmth in the teacher-student relationship, sense of efficacy). This longitudinal study conducted among 69 Canadian elementary school teachers found that those who reported more openness to their students' cultural diversity presented a more positive perception of students and reported greater warmth in their relationships with students but experienced a lower sense of professional efficacy. This study highlights the importance of teachers' openness to cultural diversity, an understudied variable.

Purpose: Research shows that postsecondary students are largely unaware of the impact of algorithms on their everyday lives. Also, most noncomputer science students are not being taught about algorithms as part of the regular curriculum. This exploratory, qualitative study aims to explore subject-matter experts' insights and perceptions of the knowledge components, coping behaviors and pedagogical considerations to aid faculty in teaching algorithmic literacy to postsecondary students. Design/methodology/approach: Eleven semistructured interviews and one focus group were conducted with scholars and teachers of critical algorithm studies and related fields. A content analysis was manually performed on the transcripts using a mixture of deductive and inductive coding. Data analysis was aided by the coding software program Dedoose (2021) to determine frequency totals for occurrences of a code across all participants along with how many times specific participants mentioned a code. Then, findings were organized around the three themes of knowledge components, coping behaviors and pedagogy. Findings: The findings suggested a set of 10 knowledge components that would contribute to students' algorithmic literacy along with seven behaviors that students could use to help them better cope with algorithmic systems. A set of five teaching strategies also surfaced to help improve students' algorithmic literacy. Originality/value: This study contributes to improved pedagogy surrounding algorithmic literacy and validates existing multi-faceted conceptualizations and measurements of algorithmic literacy.

Forestry activities in the Canadian Boreal region have increased in the last decades, raising concerns about their potential impact on aquatic ecosystems. Water quality and fluorescence characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) were measured over a 3-year period in eight eastern Boreal Shield lakes: four lakes were studied before, 1 and 2 years after forest harvesting (perturbed lakes) and compared with four undisturbed reference lakes (unperturbed lakes) sampled at the same time. ANOVAs showed a significant increase in total phosphorus (TP) in perturbed lakes when the three sampling dates were considered and in DOC concentrations when considering 1 year before and 1 year after the perturbation only. At 1 year post-clear cutting DOC concentrations were about 15 % greater in the perturbed lakes at ~ 15 mgC L−1 compared to 12.5 mgC L−1 in the unperturbed lakes. In contrast, absorbance and fluorescence measurements showed that all metrics remained within narrow ranges compared to the range observed in natural waters, indicating that forest harvesting did not affect the nature of DOM characterized with spectroscopic techniques. These results confirm an impact of forestry activities 1 year after the perturbation. However, this effect seems to be mitigated 2 years after, indicating that the system shows high resilience and may be able to return to its original condition in terms of water quality parameters assessed in this study.

To improve inclusion of persons with disabilities (PWD), it is important to create suitable physical and social environments. This can be done by improving awareness about disability, specifically for employees working in the service and cultural sectors. Virtual reality (VR) simulation can be advantageous by providing an engaging experience highlighting physical accessibility issues, as well as social interactions with virtual avatars. This study’s objective was to validate the content of two disability awareness VR scenarios in museum employees and individuals with disabilities in terms of perceived usefulness. Five PWD and seven museum employees experienced two VR scenarios illustrating a museum visit for a person with low vision or using a wheelchair. The scenarios consisted of different scenes such as finding an accessible entrance and interacting with virtual employees. Participants were interviewed about their experience, with questions related to the realism of the scenarios and their perceived usefulness. Four main themes were identified specifically: emotions, experience, usefulness, and realism. Our scenarios were seen as useful in describing social and physical barriers experienced by PWD. VR can be a valid tool to promote disability awareness among employees in a sociocultural setting, representing a step towards the inclusion of PWD.