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3. Building trust and inclusion with under-served groups: a public involvement project employing a knowledge mobilisation approach

Author

Anna M. Anderson, Lucy Brading, Laura Swaithes, Nicola Evans, Sophia E. Fedorowicz, Darren Murinas, Elizabeth Atkinson, Alice Moult, Tatum Yip, Parveen Ayub, Krysia Dziedzic, Philip G. Conaghan, Gretl A. McHugh, Amy Rebane, and Sarah R. Kingsbury

Subjects
Public involvement, Public partnership, Community engagement, Inclusion, Trust, Under-served groups, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Abstract Background Certain groups are commonly under-served by health research due to exclusionary models of research design/delivery. Working in partnership with under-served groups is key to improving inclusion. This project aimed to explore the use of a knowledge mobilisation approach to start building partnerships with under-served groups based on trust and mutual understanding. Methods This co-produced public involvement project employed a knowledge mobilisation approach. The project team involved public contributors from four community organisations and staff from two Universities. A series of ‘community conversations’ were co-produced. These involved open discussions with local people in community settings. The conversations provide an informal space to engage in a multi-directional dialogue about health research and incorporated approaches such as prompt questions, live illustrations, and themed boards. The findings were reviewed collectively. Dissemination/feedback activities and lessons learned for future engagement with community organisations and under-served groups were also co-produced. Results Over 100 people attended the community conversations. Attendees varied widely in their sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., socioeconomic status and ethnicity) and brought diverse lived experiences (e.g., experiences of homelessness and disability). A strong appetite for change and desire to mobilise public knowledge were evident. Attendees reported wide-ranging barriers to inclusion in health research and suggested ways to address them. Three inter-related take-home messages were identified: ensure relevance, appreciation, and trust; prioritise language and accessibility needs; and maximise flexibility in all research-related activities. Feedback about the community conversations and dissemination activities was largely positive, with all parties planning to continue the partnership building. The lessons learned provide practical suggestions for promoting inclusion in research and highlight the importance of addressing research teams’ training/support needs. Conclusions Knowledge mobilisation was a valuable approach for facilitating multi-directional dialogues and relationship building between local communities and university teams. This approach enabled co-creation of new knowledge related to inclusion and partnership working in health research. The project has provided a firm foundation to build upon. However, creating sustainable, inclusive public partnerships is likely to require systemic changes, such as weighting of fundings schemes to projects that prioritise inclusion of under-served groups throughout the research cycle.

Published
2024
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4. An evaluation of a public partnership project between academic institutions and young people with Black African, Asian and Caribbean heritage

Author

Alice Moult, Natalie Knight, Nathan Medina, Opeyemi Babatunde, Tom Kingstone, Helen Duffy, Kate Fryer, Krysia Canvin, Laura Swaithes, Lucy Brading, Lucy Bray, Wanda Russell, and Krysia Dziedzic

Subjects
Patient and public involvement, Evaluation, Under-served communities, Young people, Black African and Caribbean heritage, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Abstract Background This project (named Reinvent) aimed to promote Public Involvement (PI) in health research. Academics worked with a community group, the Eloquent Praise & Empowerment Dance Company, to develop a community partnership with young people from Black African, Asian and Caribbean heritage communities. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the Reinvent project for key learnings on how to engage and build partnerships with young people from Black African, Asian and Caribbean heritage communities. Methods Reinvent developed a steering group which consisted of five young people, one academic, a Race Equality Ambassador and the Director of Eloquent. The steering group co-produced an agenda for two workshops and the evaluation tools used. The content of the workshops included drama exercises, discussions on physical and mental health, nutrition and school-life, short introductions to the concepts of research and PI, and group work to critique and improve a video currently used to promote PI in health research to young people. The evaluation tools included using the ‘Cube’ evaluation framework, video-blogging and collecting anonymous feedback. Findings The responses to the ‘Cube’ evaluation framework were positive across all four domains (agenda, voice, contribute change) in both workshops. A few of the young people described having a better understanding of the meaning and practice of PI in a video-blog. The anonymous feedback suggested that the workshops had increased young people’s confidence in sharing their thoughts and opinions about health and PI. Conclusion Reinvent has shown that academic institutions and young people from an under-served community can partner to co-design workshops and apply evaluation tools. Working with young people in an environment in which they were comfortable, and by researchers joining in with the activities that the young people enjoyed (such as dance), enabled more informal and open conversations to develop. More work is needed to build upon this project so that young people can feel confident and supported to get involved in PI activities relating to research.

Published
2024
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5. Involving service users in the qualitative analysis of patient narratives to support healthcare quality improvement

Author

Louise Locock, Susan Kirkpatrick, Lucy Brading, Gordon Sturmey, Jocelyn Cornwell, Neil Churchill, and Glenn Robert

Subjects
Patient and public involvement, User involvement, Patient experience, Experience-based co-design, Qualitative analysis, Qualitative interviews, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Plain English summary Patient or user involvement in health research is well-established but is often limited to advising on research questions and design, leaving researchers to collect and analyse ‘data’ (which in this paper means written copies of interviews with patients about their experiences). We were working with sets of interviews with 1) young people with depression and 2) people with experiences of stroke. We were looking for key themes that it would be useful for the NHS to know about, and we developed short films which healthcare staff can use to think about how to make care more patient-centred. We wanted to see what user involvement in this analysis would bring, and how best to achieve it practically. After the researcher team had analysed the interviews, we ran two one-day workshops with people with relevant experience as a patient/service user or carer. We gave them some brief training in how to analyse interviews and how they might be used for improving the quality of care. Then we looked at extracts from the interviews, and discussed whether people could see the same themes as the researcher. People identified similar themes to the researcher, but also identified new details the researcher had missed. However, they felt reading large amounts of text was not the best way to use their time and experience. Instead they recommended that a better approach would be for a researcher to meet with a group of users at the start of analysis, to discuss what to look out for. Abstract Background Patient or user involvement in health research is a well-established principle. However, involvement is often limited to advising on research questions and design, leaving researchers to complete data collection and analysis. Involvement in data analysis is one of the most challenging, least well-explored aspects of involvement. Qualitative interview data forms high volumes of rich, complex material which can be daunting to work with. Analysing narrative interviews with patients is central to a patient-centred quality improvement method called experience-based co-design. The analysis identifies ‘touchpoints’ – key moments of healthcare experiences – and leads to the production of a ‘trigger film’ to spark codesign discussions between patients and staff. We wanted to see what user involvement in this analysis would bring, and how best to achieve it. Methods As part of a wider secondary analysis study to create new trigger films, we re-analysed interview transcripts on experiences of young people with depression and experiences of stroke. We then ran two workshops with people with relevant lived experience, working with extracts from the same materials after brief training. Results People involved in the workshops identified similar themes to the researcher, but also brought some new insights. While they engaged easily with the materials selected, we under-estimated how much time it would take people to work through these. Discussion and sharing experiences and perspectives were highly valued in the first workshop. In the second workshop, we therefore started with group discussion, based on people’s own experience, of what they thought the touchpoints would be, and later viewed a draft trigger film together to see how it compared. Conclusions Those involved felt that while analysing transcripts was possible in small quantities, it was not best use of their time. We suggest that conversation, rather than data, is at the heart of user involvement in analysis. One way to retain the value of lived experience in the analytic process, without over-burdening people with data, is to elicit user reflections on their experience at the start of analysis, and use this as a guide to direct both researcher and service user attention during the remainder of the process.

Published
2019
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6. Survey indicated that core outcome set development is increasingly including patients, being conducted internationally and using Delphi surveys

Author

Alice M. Biggane, Lucy Brading, Philippe Ravaud, Bridget Young, and Paula R. Williamson

Subjects
Delphi, Survey, Patient engagement, Patient participation, Core outcome sets, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Abstract Background There are numerous challenges in including patients in a core outcome set (COS) study, these can vary depending on the patient group. This study describes current efforts to include patients in the development of COS, with the aim of identifying areas for further improvement and study. Methods Using the COMET database, corresponding authors of COS projects registered or published from 1 January 2013 to 2 February 2017 were invited via a personalised email to participate in a short online survey. The survey and emails were constructed to maximise the response rate by following the academic literature on enhancing survey responses. Personalised reminder emails were sent to non-responders. This survey explored the frequency of patient input in COS studies, who was involved, what methods were used and whether or not the COS development was international. Results One hundred and ninety-two COS developers were sent the survey. Responses were collected from 21 February 2017 until 7 May 2017. One hundred and forty-six unique developers responded, yielding a 76% response rate and data in relation to 195 unique COS (as some developers had worked on multiple COS). Of focus here are their responses regarding 162 COS at the published, completed or ongoing stages of development. Inclusion of patient participants was indicated in 87% (141/162) of COS in the published completed or ongoing stages and over 94% (65/69) of ongoing COS projects. Nearly half (65/135) of COS included patient participants from two or more countries and 22% (30/135) included patient participants from five or more countries. The Delphi survey was reported as being used singularly or in combination with other methods in 85% (119/140) of projects. Almost a quarter (16/65) of ongoing studies reported using a combination of qualitative interviews, Delphi survey and consensus meeting. Conclusions These findings indicated that the Delphi survey is the most popular method of facilitating patient participation, while the combination of qualitative interviews, Delphi survey and consensus meetings is the most popular combination of methods. The increased inclusion of patient participants in the development of COS is encouraging, as is the international approach to COS development that some developers are adopting.

Published
2018
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16. The Computer Screening of Medical School Applicants.

Author

Albany Medical Coll., NY., Ambrosino, Robert J., and Brading, Paul L.

Abstract

This document reports the test of an experimental procedure designed by the Albany Medical College (AMC) to systematically reduce a large pool of applicants to one of manageable proportions for interviewing purposes. Data on nine predictor variables were coded and keypunched on 80-column cards for each applicant to September 1972 and 1973 admission. All applicants who obtained a predicted preclinical average of 85.4 were classified as "interviewable;" those with an average below 80.0 were classified as "rejected" and applicants with averages between 80.o and 85.4 were "marginal." To test the efficacy of using the proposed analytic procedure for determining the interview status of applicants, a comparison was then made between screening results derived by computer and those of the AMC admissions screeners. Preliminary results indicated that nearly 40% savings in time has accrued from using this new procedure. AMC admissions screeners have found it easier to screen applicants which have been placed into selected categories beforehand. A 12-item bibliography is included. (Author/MJM)

Published
1973

17. AcqWeb: Book-Buying in the Age of the Internet.

Author

Leiserson, Anna Belle, Cook, Eleanor, Brading, Peter, and Marshall, David L.

Abstract

Describes AcqWeb, a Web site that has pertinent information for library acquisitions. Topics include the partnership with ACQNET, the electronic news group for acquisitions; AcqWeb's structure; editorial policy; the International Directory of E-mail Addresses of Publishers, Vendors and Related Professional Associations; and future possibilities. (LRW)

Published
1997

18. The Physiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutic Manipulation of the Internal Anal Sphincter

Author

Oliver M Jones, Alison F Brading, and Neil J McC Mortensen

Subjects
Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology, RC799-869
Abstract

Recent research into the physiology and pharmacology of the internal anal sphincter has elucidated the importance of this structure in health and disease. Its pharmacological manipulation for therapeutic gain has focused mainly on agents to reduce internal anal sphincter tone, a ‘chemical sphincterotomy’ that might heal chronic anal fissure. However, drugs to increase sphincter tone, and augment intermittent and appropriate relaxation are also being evaluated. The initial results with this medical approach to anorectal disease have often been disappointing, failing to match the results achievable with surgery, and many of these drugs have a high rate of side effects in the short term. However, clinical trials have yet to establish the optimum doses, dose intervals and routes of administration for many of these therapies. Furthermore, it is uncertain whether this medical approach should be applied to all patients or just to an as yet undefined subgroup. Certainly, even in the current environment of uncertainty, there is little reason not to try medical manipulation of the internal sphincter as first-line treatment. Surgery remains an option for treatment failures; patients responding to pharmacological manipulation of the internal anal sphincter are spared the long term risks of continence that are inherent in many surgical procedures on the anorectum.

Published
2002
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27. American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons 95th Annual Convention Podium and Poster Abstracts June 9–14, 1996 Seattle, Washington

Author

Obrand, D., Gordon, P. H., Rowley, S., Grace, R. H., Rai, S., Moran, M. R., Rai, A. M., Farouk, R., Lee, P. W. R., Edwards, J., Thorne, M., MacDonald, A. W., Duthie, G. S., Monson, J. R. T., Shabahang, M., Brenner, R., Wright, A., Montgomery, E., Trock, B., Buras, R., Schumaker, L., Nolla, J., Buffan, A., Uskokovic, M., Nauta, R., Evans, S., Velázquez, O. C., Zhou, D., Seto, R. W., Choi, J., Jabbar, A., Breen, F., Rombeau, J. L., Casillas, S., Dietz, D. W., Brand, M. I., Vladisavljevic, A., Jones, S. C., Milsom, J. W., Stuntz, M., Wilmoth, G., Ong, J., Stabile, B., Stamos, M. J., Kahn, H., Alexander, A., Rakinic, J., Nagle, D., Fry, R., Simons, A. J., Kerr, R., Toms, C., Groshen, S., Ross, R., Morris, M., Beart, R., Ortega, A., Anthone, G., Lucha, P., Rosen, L., Stasik, J., Olenwine, J., Riether, R., Khubchandani, I., Ogunbivi, O., Birnbaum, E., Fleshman, J., Kodner, I., McLeod, R. S., Geerts, W., Sniderman, K., Greenwood, C., Gregoire, R., Taylor, B., Silverman, R., Atkinson, K., Burnstein, M., Marshall, J., Burul, C., Anderson, D., Ross, T., Wilson, S., Barton, P., Maetani, S., Onodera, H., Morimoto, H., Imamura, M., Hyams, D. M., Mamounas, E., Petrelli, N., Rockette, H., Jones, J., Wolmark, N., Sofo, L., Ratto, C., Valentini, V., Ippoliti, M., Nucera, P., Merico, M., Bellantone, R., Doglietto, G. B., Crucitti, F., Goes, R., Simons, A., Gunderson, L., Grado, G., Streeter, O., Sun, J. H., Decanini-Garza, P., Kim, D. G., Wong, W. D., Rothenberger, D. A., Madoff, R. D., Madlensky, L., Berk, T., Bapat, B., Redston, M., Gallinger, S., Cohen, Z., Winde, G., Schmid, K. W., Brandt, B., Müller, R., Osswald, H., Jang, Y., Steinhagen, R., Heimann, T., Schnitzler, M., Blackstein, M., McLeod, R., Devesa, J. M., Madrid, J. M. Fernandez, Enriquez, J. M., Geerdes, B. P., Heineman, E., Konsten, J., Baeten, C. G. M., Michot, F., Lehur, P. A., Denis, P., Grise, P. H., Leborgne, J., Teniere, P., Buzelin, J. M., Stebbing, J. F., Brading, A. F., Mortensen, N. J. McC, Gunn, J., Gardiner, A., Abdullah, N., Nyam, D. C. N. K., Pemberton, J. H., Ilstrup, D., Lund, J. N., Scholefield, J. H., Stamm, L., Matzel, K. E., Stadelmaier, U., Dünne, A., Hohenberger, W., Sala, C., Garcia-Granero, E., Molina, M. J., Garcia, J. V., Lledo, S., Ternent, C. A., Shashidharan, M., Blatchford, G. J., Christensen, M. A., Thorson, A. G., Sentovich, S. M., Jensen, L. L., Lowry, A. C., Zaheer, S., Reilly, W. T., Tsang, C., Singer, D., Richard, C. S., Stern, H. S., Oliveira, L., Daniel, N., Bernstein, M., DeMarta, D., Weiss, E. G., Nogueras, J. J., Wexner, S. D., Keighley, M. R. B., Korsgen, S., Agachan, F., Kim, D. -S., Goldberg, S. M., Durham, R. M., Pruitt, G., Longo, W. E., Marchesa, P., Oliart, S., Goldblum, J., Fazio, V. W., Rantis, P. C., Daniel, G. L., Vernava, III, A. M., Becker, J. M., Marie, G. St., Ferzoco, S., Franklin, M., Rosenthal, D., Goldstein, E. T., Bass, E. M., DelPino, A., Tan, A., Pearl, R., Orsay, C., Sher, M. E., Sands, L. R., Påhlman, Lars, Hewett, P. J., Thomas, W. M., King, G., Eaton, M., Allendorf, U. D. F., Bessler, M., Whelan, R. L., Trokel, M., Laird, D., Nowygrod, R., Treat, M. R., Vukasin, P., Steele, G., Weston, L., Allendorf, J. D. F., Sellers, G., Joo, J. S., Bruce, C. J., Coller, J. A., Murray, J. J., Schoetz, Jr., D. J., Roberts, P. L., Schoetz, D., Bockler, M., Rosenblatt, M., Malhorta, S., Roberts, P., Murray, J., Coller, J., Rusin, L., Liu, C. D., Newton, T. R., Zinner, M. J., Ashley, S. W., McFadden, D. W., Tusek, D. L., Church, J. M., Strong, S. A., Grass, J., Steinhart, A. H., Greenberg, G. R., Siminovich, K., Blair, J. E., Cruz, C., Prabhakar, L. P., Laramee, C., Nelson, H., Dozois, R. R., Ozuner, G., Hull, T., Fazio, V., Navaro, G., Bauer, J. J., Gorfine, S. R., Gelemt, I. M., Harris, M. T., Kreel, I., Marcello, P. W., Rusin, L. C., Veidenheimer, M. C., Ogunbiyi, O. A., Thibault, C., Sagar, P., Wolff, B. G., Lee, F., Lee, E. C., Pennoyer, W. P., Vignati, P. V., Cohen, J., MacRae, H. M., O'Connor, B., Ton, E., Hain, J. M., Perez-Ramirez, J. J., Spencer, M. P., Gemlo, B. T., Neto, J. A. Reis, Quilici, F. A., Cordeiro, F., Reis, Jr., J. A., Neto, C. I. Reis, Gottesman, L., Tjandra, J., Takano, M., Kuromizu, J., Tsuji, Y., Lee, C. S., Ferrara, A., Levy, J. R., Larach, S. W., Krecker, M., Williamson, P. R., Wong, D. W., Sarmiento, J. M., Burgart, L. J., Frizelle, F. A., Ilstrup, D. M., Salem, R., Smith, L. E., Rooney, P. S., Chapman, M. A. S., Steele, R. J. C., Koren, R., Gal, R., Kyzer, S., Chaimoff, CH., Rodríguez-Bigas, M. A., Mahoney, M. C., Weber, T. K., Petrelli, N. J., Ault, G., Ceron, O., Conti, P., Hadfield, M. B., Turnbull, L. W., Nicholson, A. A., Horsman, A., Shibata, D., Sentovich, S., Hyland, W., Busse, P., Bleday, R., Allendorf, J., Whelan, R., Horvath, K., Treat, M., Wronski, M., Arbit, E., Bilsky, M., Galicich, J. H., Miller, A. S., Lewis, W. G., Williamson, M. E. R., Sagar, P. M., Holdsworth, P. J., Johnston, D., Smith, A. H., Marchetti, F., Thompson-Fawcett, M. W., Warren, B. F., Mortensen, N. J. M., Bouchard, S., Belliveau, P., Trudel, J., Zinsmeister, A. R., Schleck, C. D., McIntyre, P. B., Hanson, R. B., Read, T. E., Dominguez, J. M., Hyman, N. H., Beck, D. E., Dayton, M. T., Stryker, S. J., Wolf, B. G., Young-Fadok, T. M., Meagher, A., Benn, P. L., Takao, Y., Chen, F. C., Wu, J., Milsom, J., Stein, B. L., Vasilevsky, C. A., Hartley, J. E., Cureshi, A., Sellers, G. J., Van, D., Ludwig, K. A., Garcia-Ruiz, A., Espat, N. J., Rao, G. N., Drew, P. J., Pfeifer, J., Park, U. C., Gonzalez, A., Okamoto, T., Konishi, F., Tsukamoto, T., Senba, S., Kashiwagi, H., Kojima, M., Togashi, T., Kanazawa, K., Yoon, W. H., Kang, Y. N., Hong, K. H., Park, H. D., Koo, S. H., Song, K. S., Kim, J. C., Roh, S. A., Park, K. C., Jessup, J. M., Changchien, C. R., Wang, J. Y., Hsu, K. C., Chen, J. S., Tang, R., You, Y. T., Ho, Y. S., Guttman, R., Nelson, R., Sardinha, T. G. S., Gilliland, J., Kroll, M., Lee, E., Wexler, J., Hudzinski, D., Glass, D., Wolff, B. D., King, D. W., Talley, N., Chen, W. S., Lin, W. C., Hsu, H., Wrightson, W. R., Galandiuk, S., LaRocca, R., Myers, S. R., Tada, M., Inoue, H., Tsubaki, M., Endo, M., Sobzcak, S., Welch, J. P., Cohen, J. L., Allen, L. W., Morrow, J. S., Behen, S. L., Smith, K. W., Cali, J. R., Bailey, H. R., Fucini, C., Elbetti, C., Messerini, L., Law, W. L., Butts, D. R., Max, E., Memon, M. A., Devine, J., Feeney, J., Talley, N. J., Stephenson, E. R., Ilahi, O., Koltun, W. A., Spellman, M., Rantis, R. C., Vernava, A. M., Parra, R. O., Breen, E., Hayes, P., Quinn, D., Whitlow, C. B., Opelka, F. G., Gathright, J. B., Golub, R. W., Maccabee, P. J., Combs, A. J., Grose, E. A., Taylor, B. M., Kozell, K., McGannon, E., Krogh, K., Nielsen, J., Djurhuus, J. C., Mosdal, C., Sabroe, S., Laurberg, S., Chen, M. F., Kerner, B. A., Khanduja, K. S., Wise, Jr., W. E., Padmanabhan, A., Meesig, D. M., Yasin, M. T., Aguilar, P. S., Ho, Y. H., Tan, M., Seow-Choen, F., Rustin, R. B., and Harmon, J. M.

Published
1996
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30. Podium presentations

Author

Foley, E. F., Marcello, P. W., Roberts, P. L., Murray, J. J., Coller, J. A., Veidenheimer, M. C., Schoetz, D. J., McIntyre, P. B., Pemberton, J. H., Wolff, B. G., Beart, Jr., R. W., Kelly, K. A., Dozois, R. R., Sugita, A., Fukushima, T., Harada, H., Yamamoto, M., Shimada, H., Tjandra, J. J., Fazio, V. W., Milson, J. W., Lavery, I. C., Oakley, J. R., Fabre, J. M., Karch, L. A., Bauer, J. J., Gorfine, S. R., Gelernt, I. M., Metcalf, A. M., Varilek, G., Keck, J. O., Hoffmann, D. C., Sgambati, S. A., Sardella, W. V., Marts, B. C., Longo, W. E., Vernava, III, A. M., Kennedy, D. J., Daniel, G. L., Jones, I., Venkatesh, K. S., Diamond, L. W., Larson, D. M., Ramanujam, P. J., Hicks, J. R., Ellis, C. N., Blakemore, W. S., Nathanson, S. D., Linden, M. D., Tender, P., Zarbo, R. J., Nelson, L., Bannon, J., Marks, G., Zhou, J., Mohiuddin, M., Marks, J., Pollard, C. W., Nivatvongs, S., Rojanasakul, A., Ilstrup, D. M., Speziale, N. J., Saclarides, T. J., Rubin, D. B., Szeluga, D. J., Morgado, P. J., Gomez, L. G., Morgado, Jr., P. J., Neto, J. A. Reis, Quilici, F. A., Cordeiro, F., Reis, Jr., J. A., Nitecki, S., Benn, P., Sarr, M. G., Weiland, L. H., Elhadad, A., Rouffet, F., Baillet, P., Akasu, T., Moriya, Y., Hojo, K., Sugihara, K., Oshima, H., Liu, S. K., Church, J. M., Kirkpatrick, J. R., Danielson, C. L., Dominguez, J. M., Jakate, S. M., Savin, M. H., Altringer, W. J., Lee, C. S., Spencer, M. P., Madoff, R. D., Barrett, R. C., Oster, M. A., Durdey, P., Stein, B. L., Staniunas, R. J., Grewal, H., Guillem, J. G., Quan, S., Enker, W. E., Cohen, A. M., van Tets, W. F., Kuijpers, H. C., Kerner, B. A., Wise, Jr., W. E., Golub, R. W., Arnold, M. W., Aguilar, P. S., Pernikoff, B. J., Eisenstat, T. E., Rubin, R. J., Oliver, G. C., Salvati, E. P., Lunniss, P. J., Sultan, A. H., Barker, P. G., Armstrong, P., Bartram, C. I., Phillips, R. K. S., Schouten, W. R., Briel, J. W., Auwerda, J. J. A., Harnsberger, J. R., Robbins, P. L., Brabbee, G. W., Ryhammer, A. M., Bek, K. M., Hanberg-Sørensen, F., Laurberg, S., Hoff, S. D., Bailey, H. R., Butts, D. R., Max, E., Smith, K. W., Zamora, L. F., Skakun, G. B., Khanduja, K. S., Lee, H., Beart, R. W., Spencer, R., Wiseman, J. S., Senagore, A. J., Bain, I. M., Oliff, J., Min, L., Neoptolomos, J., Keighley, M. R. B., O'Kelly, T. J., Davies, J., Brading, A. F., Mortensen, N. J. McC, Park, J. -G., Han, H. J., Kang, M. S., Nakamura, Y., Goldberg, G. S., Orkin, B. A., Smith, L. E., Fleshner, P. R., Freilich, M. I., Meagher, A. P., Adams, W. J., Lubowski, D. Z., King, D. W., Moran, M., Opelka, F., Timmcke, A., Hicks, T., Gathright, Jr., J. B., Leu, S. Y., Hsu, H., Dean, P. A., Ramsey, P. S., Nelson, H., Philpott, G., Siegel, B., Schwarz, S., Fleshman, J., Welch, M., Connett, J., Buie, W. D., Johnson, D. R., Heine, J. A., Wong, W. D., Rothenberger, D. A., Goldberg, S. M., Shafik, A., MacDonald, A., Craig, J. W., Finlay, I. G., Baxter, J. N., Muir, T. C., Parikh, S., Gold, R. P., Gottesman, L., Annibali, R., Öresland, T., Hallgren, T., Fasth, S., Hultén, L., Farouk, R., Duthie, G. S., MacGregor, A. B., Bartolo, D. C. C., Williamson, M. E. R., Lewis, W. G., Holdsworth, P. J., Hall, N., Finan, P. J., Johnston, D., Seow-Choen, F., Goh, H. S., Motson, R. W., Walsh, C. J., Mooney, E., Yamashita, H. J., Wise, W. E., Hartmann, R. F., Seccia, M., Menconi, C., Ghiselli, G., Cavina, E., Salomon, M. C., Ferrara, A., Larach, S. W., Williamson, P. R., Bass, E. M., Orsay, C. P., Firfer, B., Ramakrishnan, V., Abcarian, H., Bufo, A. J., Feldman, S., Daniels, G. A., Lieberman, R. C., Loder, P. B., Kamm, M. A., Nicholls, R. J., Kum, C. K., Ngoi, S. S., Goh, P. M. Y., Tekant, Y., Isaac, J. R., Gerstle, J. T., Kauffman, G. L., and Koltun, W. A.

Published
1993
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31. American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons 91st Annual Convention Podium and Poster abstracts: June 7–12, 1992 San Francisco, CA

Author

Lechner, P., Lind, P., Binter, G., Golub, R. W., Kerner, B. A., Wise, Jr., W. E., Meesig, D. M., Hartmann, R. F., Khanduja, K. S., Sayre, J. W., Aguilar, P. S., Guillem, J. G., Forde, K. A., Treat, M. R., Neugut, A. I., O'Toole, K. M., Diamond, B. E., Kewenter, J., Brevinge, H., Haglind, E., Limberg, B., Elles, C. N., Boggs, W. H., Slagle, G. H., Cole, P. A., Coyle, D. J., Smith, L. E., Orkin, B., Saclarides, T. J., Sheridan, W. G., Lowndes, R. H., Young, H. L., Wong, W. D., Rothenberger, D. A., Bartolo, D. C. C., Wexner, S. D., Ger, G. C., Jorge, J. M. N., Lee, E., Nogueras, J. J., Jagelman, D. G., McKenna, K., Koltun, W. A., Bute, B., Lichliter, W., Le, T., Timmcke, A., Gathright, J. B., Mascagni, D., Hojo, K., Moriya, Y., Sugihara, K., Di, G., Zenni, G. C., Abraham, K., Dobrin, P. B., Harford, F. J., Suzuki, K., Gunderson, L., Devine, R. M., Dozois, R. R., Cavaliere, F., Pemberton, J. H., Fazio, V., Cosimelli, M., Beart, R. W., Giannarelli, D., Moran, M., Ramos, A., Rothenberger, D., Goldberg, S., Antonenko, D., Heymen, S., Gulledge, A. D., Jakate, S., Saclarides, T., Heine, J. A., Williams, J. G., VanBergen, E. H., Buie, W. D., Goldberg, S. M., Davies, N., Yates, J., Jenkins, S. A., Taylor, B. A., Bapat, B., Stern, H., Berk, T., Parker, J., Ray, P. N., McLeod, R., Cohen, Z., Rowe, J. K., Zera, R. T., Madoff, R. D., Bubrick, M. P., Roberts, J. C., Johnston, G. R., Fenney, D. A., Farouk, R., Duthie, G. S., McCue, J. L., Phillips, R. K. S., Viamonte, M., Cole, J., Gottesman, L., Solomon, M. J., McLeod, R. S., Kern, K., Jensen, L. L., Lowry, A. C., Vernava, III, A. M., Longo, W. E., Daniel, G. L., Ehrenpreis, E., Stone, J. M., Cosman, B. C., Wolfe, V. A., Nino-Murcia, M., Perkash, I., Marcello, P. W., Roberts, P. L., Schoetz, Jr., D. J., Murray, J. J., Coller, J. A., Veidenheimer, M. C., Keighley, M. R. B., Grobler, S. P., Hosie, K. B., Schmitt, S. L., James, K., Lucas, F., Peck, Donald A., Ferrara, A., Grotz, R. L., Perry, R. E., Hanson, R. B., Lewis, W. G., Holdsworth, P. J., Sagar, P. M., Johnston, D., Perry, T. G., Strong, S. A., Fazio, V. W., Lavery, I. C., Oakley, J. R., Church, J. M., Milsom, J. W., Fozard, J. B. J., Nelson, H., Schneebaum, S., Arnold, M. W., Young, D., LaValle, G. J., Petty, L., Berens, A., Mojizisik, C., Martin, E. W., Hase, K., Shatney, C. H., Trollope, M., Johnson, D., Vierra, M., Deutsch, A. A., Tulchinsky, H., Nudelman, I., Gutman, H., Reiss, R., Taylor, Brian M., Araujo, A., Bleday, R., Jessurun, J., Heine, J., Rosen, Les, Sipe, Paul, Riether, Robert, Stasik, John, Sheets, James, Khubchandani, Indru, Reiter, W., Friedberg, G., Morey, G., Goldstein, E., Williamson, P., Larach, S., Senagore, A. J., Luchtefeld, M. A., MacKeigen, J. M., Mazier, W. P., Wengert, T., Ott, M. T., Bailey, H. R., Hartendorp, P., Dailey, T. H., Church, J. C., Johansen, O. B., Daniel, N., Korst, M., Kuijpers, H. C., Pena, J. P., Christenson, C. E., Balcos, E. G., Lewis, W., Mitchell, C., MacFie, J., Hildebrandt, U., Ecker, K. W., Kraus, J., Schmid, T., Feifel, G., Tjandra, J. J., Scoggin, Steve, Frazee, Richard C., Ambroze, Jr., W. L., Nezhat, C., Pennington, E., Nezhat, F., Stolfi, V. M., Thorson, A. G., Falk, P. M., Fitzgibbons, Jr, R. J., Luukkonen, P., Järvinen, H. J., James, E., Paty, P. B., Enker, W. E., Cohen, A. M., Lauwers, G. Y., Saad, R., Birnbaum, E., DeVos, W., Fry, R., Kodner, I., Fleshman, J., Cali, R. L., Pitsch, R. M., Blatchford, G. J., Christensen, M. A., Schroeder, T. K., Easley, K. A., Ellis, C. N., Cheape, J. D., Hull, T. L., Salanga, V., Kokoszka, Joseph, Andrianopoulos, Georgia, Nelson, Richard, Abcarian, Herand, Kumar, D., Benson, M. J., Roberts, J., Martin, J. E., Swash, M., Wingate, D. L., Williams, N. S., Orkin, B. A., Emsellem, H., Dent, John, Tissaw, M. A., Shafik, A., Abel, M. E., Chiu, Y. S. Y., Russell, T. R., Volpe, P. A., Casillas, G. L., Mashas, W. E., Eastman, D. A., Grace, R. H., Anderson, J. M., Hacker, K., Heryer, J., Conner, W., Rubin, R., Eisenstat, T., Salvati, E., Oliver, G., Duberman, E., Simmang, C. L., Fry, R. D., Kodner, I. J., Fleshman, J. W., Corman, M. L., Galandiuk, S., Weiner, G. J., Kahn, D., Mitchell, E., Abdel-Nabi, H., Block, G. E., Mannella, E., Tedesco, M., Anza, M., Civalleri, D., Di Tora, P., Capussotti, L., Morandi, G. B., Tirelli, C., Da Pian, P. P., Cortesi, E., Ruggeri, E., Fitzgerald, S. D., Davis, Faith, Bowen, Phyllis, Sutter, Eileen, Kikendall, Walter, McGannon, E., Brantley, P. A., Czyrko, C., Falardeau, C., Trepashko, Don, Skosey, John, Michelassi, F., Staniunas, R. J., Vignati, P. V., Beck, D. E., Karulf, R., Roettger, R., Braidt, J., Ruoff, K., Ackroyd, F., Shellito, P., Goh, H. S., Lin, L. W., Edwards, E., Farmer, J., Walters, C. A., Hyman, N. H., Hebert, J. C., Richman, Irving M., Staren, E. D., Sessions, S. C., Scoma, R. S., Clements, B., Smink, Jr., R. D., Arai, K., Sugita, A., Yamazaki, Y., Harada, H., Fukushima, T., Armstrong, D. N., Ballantyne, G. H., Sillin, L. F., Davie, R. J., Harding, L. K., Birch, N. J., Yamanouchi, T., Bayer, I., Mitmaker, B., Gordon, P. H., Wang, E., Kynaston, H., Edelstein, P. S., Thompson, S. M., Davies, R. J., Farmer, K. C. R., Oliver, S. E., Spigelman, A. D., Bennett, P., O'Kelly, T. J., Brading, A. F., Mortensen, N. J., Paul, P., McGannon, E. M., Huth, P., Hull-Boiner, S., Pezim, M. E., Johnson, H. W., Gillespie, K. D., Willard, P., Owen, D. A., Ramsey, P. S., Leu, S. Y., Hsu, H., Al-Humadi, Adil H., Eisman, E., Tries, J., Gupta, N. C., Frick, M. P., Boman, B. M., Franceschi, D., Eckhauser, M. L., Pritchard, T., Konsten, J., Baeten, C. G. M. I., Havenith, M. G., Soeters, P. B., Lau, P. W. K., Lorentz, T. G., Wong, J., and The III In-CYT-103 Immunoscintigraphy Study Group

Published
1992
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32. Edmundo O'Gorman y David Hume

Author

David A. Brading

Subjects
México, O'Gorman, filosofía, Ilustración, historiografía, siglo XX, History America, E-F, Latin America. Spanish America, F1201-3799
Published
1997

36. Resistance of wheat to septoria tritici blotch (Mycosphaerella graminicola) and associations with plant ideotype and the 1BL-1RS translocation

Author

L. S. Arraiano, James K. M. Brown, F. Dedryver, and P. A. Brading

Subjects
education.field_of_study, biology, Population, food and beverages, Chromosomal translocation, Ideotype, Plant Science, Horticulture, Heritability, biology.organism_classification, Septoria, Agronomy, Mycosphaerella graminicola, Genetic variation, Genetics, Cultivar, education, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

Septoria tritici blotch (STB) is a major disease of wheat, reaching epidemic proportions in many parts of the world. In several studies, taller, later-maturing cultivars have had lower disease levels. This study was undertaken to investigate the genetic associations of natural field infection by STB with disease-escape mechanisms related to heading date and height components, mainly leaf spacing, in a population where height and maturity are not controlled by major genes. In field trials of a single seed-descent population of a cross between two nonsemi-dwarf cultivars, Apollo (with strong partial resistance to STB) and Thesee (susceptible), conducted over 3 years, there was a negative correlation between STB and heading date. There was no correlation between STB and distance from stem base to leaf 2; and there was an unexpected positive correlation between STB and distance from flag leaf to leaf 2, which contradicted the so-called ‘ladder effect’ postulated in STB epidemiology. No effect was detected of the presence of the 1BL−1RS translocation on STB levels. The largest single contributor to variation in STB levels was genetic variation between the progeny lines, and the narrow-sense heritability was 42%. These results suggest that breeders can select for STB resistance alongside optimal stature within the range of height which is adaptive in a particular environment.

Published
2006
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37. Presence of the Stb6 gene for resistance to septoria tritici blotch (Mycosphaerella graminicola) in cultivars used in wheat-breeding programmes worldwide

Author

L. Chartrain, P. A. Brading, and James K. M. Brown

Subjects
Genetics, Genetic diversity, biology, Plant Science, Horticulture, biology.organism_classification, Septoria, Mycosphaerella graminicola, Botany, Microsatellite, Poaceae, Cultivar, Allele, Agronomy and Crop Science, Gene
Abstract

Fifty-two wheat cultivars and breeding lines, most of which have been used in breeding programmes worldwide, were tested for isolate-specific resistance to Mycosphaerella graminicola isolate IPO323, which interacts with the Stb6 gene of wheat (first identified in cvs Flame and Hereward) via a gene-for-gene relationship. Twenty-three lines were specifically resistant to this isolate. Sixteen resistant lines were crossed with Flame for a test of allelism. All progeny lines were resistant, suggesting that the 16 parental lines had Stb6, a gene allelic to it or a gene closely linked to it. In 14 lines, resistance to IPO323 was controlled by Stb6 only. An exception was Kavkaz-K4500 L6.A.4., which has two genes for resistance to IPO323, one of which is Stb6. The microsatellite marker Xgwm369 was used to examine genetic diversity in the region of the genome containing Stb6, to which it is closely linked. Eleven alleles of Xgwm369, with amplified fragments of 10 different sizes, as well as apparent nonamplification of this marker in Bulgaria 88, were detected. Through the use of information about lines’ ancestry, combined with Xgwm369 alleles, it was shown that Stb6 entered world wheat-breeding programmes on a minimum of six occasions, and possibly from as many as 11 sources. The presence of Stb6 in both European and Chinese landraces suggests that this gene has been present in cultivated wheat since the earliest times of agriculture.

Published
2005
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38. Sources of resistance to septoria tritici blotch and implications for wheat breeding

Author

James K. M. Brown, L. Chartrain, J. C. Makepeace, and P. A. Brading

Subjects
Septoria, Agronomy, biology, Resistance (ecology), Mycosphaerella graminicola, Genetics, food and beverages, Plant Science, Cultivar, Fungi imperfecti, Horticulture, biology.organism_classification, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

Twenty-four wheat cultivars and breeding lines were screened for isolate-specific resistance to septoria tritici blotch (STB) caused by 12 isolates of Mycosphaerella graminicola. New isolate-specific resistances that could be used in wheat breeding were identified. Major sources of resistance to STB used in world breeding programmes for decades, such as Kavkaz-K4500, Veranopolis, Catbird and TE9111, have several isolate-specific resistances. This suggests that ‘pyramiding’ several resistance genes in one cultivar may be an effective and durable strategy for breeding for resistance to STB in wheat. Several cultivars, including Arina, Milan and Senat, had high levels of partial resistance to most isolates tested as well as isolate-specific resistances. Resistance to isolate IPO323 was common, present in all but one of the major sources of resistance tested. This suggests that resistance to IPO323 may be an indicator of varietal resistance to STB in the field.

Published
2004
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39. Partial Resistance to Septoria Tritici Blotch (Mycosphaerella graminicola) in Wheat Cultivars Arina and Riband

Author

J. P. Widdowson, P. A. Brading, L. Chartrain, and James K. M. Brown

Subjects
education.field_of_study, biology, Population, Plant Science, Fungi imperfecti, Quantitative trait locus, biology.organism_classification, Horticulture, Septoria, Agronomy, Mycosphaerella graminicola, Poaceae, Cultivar, Allele, education, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

Partial resistance to Septoria tritici blotch (STB) and its inheritance were investigated in a doubled-haploid population of a cross between cvs. Arina and Riband. The former has good partial resistance whereas the latter is susceptible. In adult plant trials in polytunnels, STB disease scores were negatively correlated with heading date. Resistance was not specific to any of the three fungal isolates used in these tests. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) for partial resistance to STB was identified in Riband on chromosome 6B and is named QStb.psr-6B-1. No QTL controlling a major part of the Arina resistance was identified, suggesting that its resistance may be dispersed and polygenic. There was no correlation between the lines' mean disease scores at the seedling and adult stages, implying that partial resistance to STB is developmentally regulated. Seedling resistance to the isolate IPO323 was isolate-specific and controlled by a single gene in Arina, probably allelic with the Stb6 gene in cv. Flame that confers resistance to the same isolate. The implications of these results for wheat breeding programs are discussed.

Published
2004
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40. Resistance of wheat cultivars and breeding lines to septoria tritici blotch caused by isolates of Mycosphaerella graminicola in field trials

Author

E.C.P. Verstappen, Eveline Jenny, Hans-Rudolf Forrer, P. A. Brading, E.M. Foster, Gert H. J. Kema, James K. M. Brown, L. S. Arraiano, and Padruot Men Fried

Subjects
biology, Inoculation, food and beverages, Plant Science, Fungi imperfecti, Horticulture, Plant disease resistance, biology.organism_classification, Septoria, Agronomy, Graminicola, Mycosphaerella graminicola, Genetics, Poaceae, Cultivar, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

Isolate-specific resistance of 71 cultivars and breeding lines of wheat (Triticum aestivum) to septoria tritici blotch was evaluated in six field trials in the Netherlands, Switzerland and the UK between 1995 and 1997. Each plot was inoculated with one of six single-pycnidium isolates of the pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola. There were strong interactions between wheat lines and M. graminicola and the line-by-isolate interactions were stable over the six trials. Lines with specific resistance or specific susceptibility to each of the isolates were identified. Specific resistance to isolate IPO323 was especially common, being carried by 22 lines from 10 countries. The results confirm that line-by-isolate interactions in septoria tritici blotch of wheat are effective in adult plants in field conditions, and are not simply confined to seedlings. Wheat lines with good, quantitative resistance to all or most isolates were identified, including lines from Brazil, the USA and seven European countries. These may be useful as sources of resistance in wheat breeding.

Published
2001
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41. A detached seedling leaf technique to study resistance to Mycosphaerella graminicola (anamorph Septoria tritici ) in wheat

Author

James K. M. Brown, P. A. Brading, and L. S. Arraiano

Subjects
food.ingredient, biology, Resistance (ecology), Inoculation, fungi, food and beverages, Plant Science, Horticulture, biology.organism_classification, Spore, Septoria, food, Agronomy, Seedling, Mycosphaerella graminicola, Genetics, Agar, Cultivar, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

A detached seedling leaf technique was developed to screen for resistance to septoria tritici blotch of wheat and to detect specific interactions between cultivars and isolates. Wheat seedlings were inoculated with spore suspensions of Mycosphaerella graminicola. Detached primary leaves were then placed in a clear plastic box such that their cut ends were sandwiched between layers of agar containing benzimidazole, with a gap below the middle of the leaves. Mean levels of disease were affected by light and temperature, and also by the concentration of benzimidazole, such that higher concentrations resulted in less disease. Second leaves were more susceptible than seedling primary leaves. However, none of these factors affected ranking of disease among cultivars or cultivar-by-isolate interactions. Kavkaz–K4500 1.6.a.4, Synthetic 6x and Triticum macha showed specific susceptibility and resistance to different isolates. The detached leaf technique could be a useful complement to field trials and an alternative to whole seedling assays in assessing cultivar resistance and investigating the genetics of the host–pathogen interaction.

Published
2001
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46. Los españoles en México hacia 1792

Author

David A. Brading

Subjects
Nueva España, emigración, matrimonio, dispersión poblacional, siglo XVIII, History America, E-F, Latin America. Spanish America, F1201-3799
Published
1973

49. A Note on General Relativity, Energy Conservation, and Noether's Theorems.

Author

Howard, Don, Stachel, John, Kox, A. J., Eisenstaedt, Jean, and Brading, Katherine

Abstract

The subject of this note has been a small historical thread in the long and complex story of the status of energy conservation in General Relativity, concerning two related claims made by Klein and Hilbert: that the energy conservation law is an identity in generally covariant theories, and that this marks a contrast with other (earlier) theories. Both these claims were disputed by Einstein. We have seen how three theorems proved by Noether and Klein can be brought to bear on this disagreement, showing that: (1)Klein's worry over the physical significance of the energy conservation law in General Relativity was perhaps not adequately addressed by Einstein, even though in the end we side with Einstein against Klein, and(2)the possibility of re-writing the energy conservation law in the form that so worried Klein does indeed depend upon the local symmetry structure of General Relativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005
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50. Oscillatory membrane currents paradoxically induced via NO-activated pathways in detrusor cells.

Author

Kajioka, Shunichi, Nakayama, Shinsuke, Seki, Narihito, Naito, Seiji, and Brading, Alison F.

Subjects
CELLS, OSCILLATING chemical reactions, PATCH-clamp techniques (Electrophysiology), RYANODINE, SODIUM nitroferricyanide, URINARY organs
Abstract

Summary: Oscillatory inward membrane currents (I oscil-in) reflecting intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) activity in detrusor cells, are thought to play an important role in producing tonic bladder contractions during micturition. The present patch clamp study revealed a new activation mechanism: sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide (NO) donor induced I oscil-in in a subpopulation of detrusor cells. The inhibitory effect of niflumic acid on SNP-induced I oscil-in suggests that Ca2+-activated Cl− channels are responsible for this current. In addition, SNP-induced I oscil-in required the cooperation of Ca2+ influx through SK&F96365-sensitive channels and intracellular Ca2+ release channels sensitive to ryanodine but insensitive to xestospongin C (XeC). This is also true for muscarinic agonist (carbachol: CCh)-induced I oscil-in. However, 1H-[1,2,4]Oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), a guanylyl cyclase inhibitor, suppressed SNP-induced I oscil-in but not CCh-induced I oscil-in. The results suggest that a subpopulation of detrusor cells employ the NO/cGMP cascade to potentiate bladder contraction. Mechanisms underlying NO-induced I oscil-in are likely to contribute not only to the physiology but also to the pathophysiology of the lower urinary tract. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2008
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