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Introduction. It is possible to increase the separating of loose grain on the lattice bottom of the combine harvester feeder house by removing most of the light impurities from the combed heap using an inertial cleaning system built into the combing adapter body. Aim of the Study. The study is aimed at developing an inertial system for separating light impurities in the combing header body and optimizing its main parameters. Materials and Methods. The object of the study was a large-scale model of a pneumatic cleaning device to simulate the motion of air and components of a combed grain heap inside the combing adapter body. It was a two-factor experiment with three variations of the air flow velocity (4.5; 5.5; 6.5 m/s) and the width of the air channel (0.26; 0.29; 0.32 m). The studies were conducted on a combed heap of Moskovskaya 56 wheat with a moisture content of about 12%. As a parameter for optimization and response function, a portion of the combed heap was selected from the body of the installation with an air flow. Results. According to the results of the experimental studies, it was found that the air flow velocity has a greater effect on separating glumes than the width of the air channel. A simultaneous increase in both factors leads to an improved separation. At the same time, if increasing the air flow velocity ensures a stable increase in the proportion of the combed heap and is limited only by the air velocity at which grain appears in the combed heap along with the glumes, then changing the channel width allows achieving the parameter optimal value. Discussion and Conclusions. The use of an inertial cleaning system makes it possible to remove almost completely light impurities from the combed heap. The optimal parameters of the device are: channel width 0.28...0.3 m, air flow velocity 6...6.5 m/s.

Abstract Non-coding RNA expression has shown to have cell type-specificity. The regulatory characteristics of these molecules are impacted by changes in their expression levels. We performed next-generation sequencing and examined small RNA-seq data obtained from 6 different types of blood cells separated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting of severe COVID−19 patients and healthy control donors. In addition to examining the behavior of piRNA in the blood cells of severe SARS-CoV−2 infected patients, our aim was to present a distinct piRNA differential expression portrait for each separate cell type. We observed that depending on the type of cell, different sorted control cells (erythrocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and neutrophils) have altering piRNA expression patterns. After analyzing the expression of piRNAs in each set of sorted cells from patients with severe COVID−19, we observed 3 significantly elevated piRNAs - piR−33,123, piR−34,765, piR−43,768 and 9 downregulated piRNAs in erythrocytes. In lymphocytes, all 19 piRNAs were upregulated. Monocytes were presented with a larger amount of statistically significant piRNA, 5 upregulated (piR−49039 piR−31623, piR−37213, piR−44721, piR−44720) and 35 downregulated. It has been previously shown that piR−31,623 has been associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection, and taking in account the major role of piRNA in transposon silencing, we presume that the differential expression patterns which we observed could be a signal of indirect antiviral activity or a specific antiviral cell state. Additionally, in lymphocytes, all 19 piRNAs were upregulated.

Postischemic neuroinflammation is a critical pathophysiological process within the entire pattern of cerebral ischemia. It is characterized by microglial and astroglial activation and is accompanied by disturbances in the innate and adaptive immune response. The early damage of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity is accompanied by the brain autoantigens release into circulation, in particular, the neurospecific protein S100B. According to recent experimental data, activated autophagy is associated with postischemic neuroinflammation, involved in its regulation and influences the outcome of the ischemic stroke (IS) acute period. Experimental evidence is provided for the autophagy involvement in the regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines production. The influence of activated autophagy on the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines balance in acute IS has been demonstrated. Purpose of the study: to quantitatively evaluate key autophagy biomarkers, the early biomarker of BBB damage S100B, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the dynamics of the IS acute period. To identify the relationship between autophagy and inflammation biomarkers, 112 patients with acute IS and 56 healthy persons were examined. Patients underwent dynamic clinical neurological examination and blood testing on the 1st, 7th and 14th days from the disease’s onset. The level of autophagy in peripheral blood leukocytes was determined by flow cytometry by assessing the intracellular expression of autophagy proteins LC3, p62 and mean fluorescence intensity of the Cyto-ID dye, which specifically recognizes active autophagosomes. Serum concentrations of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, neuropeptide S100B and autophagy biomarkers Beclin-1, LC3, p62 were determined by ELISA. A statistically significant increase in the studied biomarkers was found compared to the control group. The maximum increase in inflammation indicators and neuropeptide S100B was observed on the 1st, and autophagy biomarkers – on the 7th day of the disease. Established correlations indicate the participation of activated autophagy in the postischemic neuroinflammation regulation and its involvement in ischemic brain damage in the early stages of the IS acute period (days 1-7).

Abstract Application of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in neurosurgery mostly includes the discrimination between intact and malignant tissues aimed at the detection of brain tumor margins. For particular tissue types, the existing approaches demonstrate low performance, which stimulates the further research for their improvement. The analysis of speckle patterns of brain OCT images is proposed to be taken into account for the discrimination between human brain glioma tissue and intact cortex and white matter. The speckle properties provide additional information of tissue structure, which could help to increase the efficiency of tissue differentiation. The wavelet analysis of OCT speckle patterns was applied to extract the power of local brightness fluctuations in speckle and its standard deviation. The speckle properties are analysed together with attenuation ones using a set of ex vivo brain tissue samples, including glioma of different grades. Various combinations of these features are considered to perform linear discriminant analysis for tissue differentiation. The results reveal that it is reasonable to include the local brightness fluctuations at first two wavelet decomposition levels in the analysis of OCT brain images aimed at neurosurgical diagnosis.

Introduction. A highly topical scientific and practical task is to justify the choice of the most advanced variant of the device for pre-separating the combed heap and to optimize its design. Aim of the Study. The study is aimed at testing the effect of the grid inclination angle on the effectiveness of pre-separating the combed heap. Materials and Methods. It is possible to minimize the separated grain flow into the threshing machine either by means of a feeder house grid bottom or by means of a horizontal separating device, located directly in front of the threshing drum. To select the optimal design of the separation device, there was planned and conducted a laboratory experiment. The study was carried out in two stages. In the first series of experiments, the elevator body was installed horizontally, and in the second series – at an angle of 45° to the horizon. The width of the grid bottom openings had four variations (6, 8, 10 and 12 mm), and the speed of the scraper conveyor was 3 m/s. A combed heap of the winter wheat variety Moskovskaya 56 was selected as the study object. The grain moisture was 12%. Results.According to the results of laboratory studies, it was found that with an increase in the width of the grid surface openings, the intensity of separating grain increases. The maximum device throughput (90%) corresponds to the horizontal position of the grid bottom of the experimental installation and the width of the openings b = 12 mm. Extrapolation of the separated grain decreasing graph indicates that to ensure complete separation of grain, the length of the separating grid should be at least L = 0.9 m. Discussion and Conclusion. The use of a horizontal separating grid allows increasing the device separation efficiency and reducing its metal content by 14–16%.

M-ary Aggregate Spread Pulse Modulation (M-ASPM) is a recently introduced physical layer (PHY) modulation technique that is well suited for use in low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs). Notably, M-ASPM combines high energy-per-bit efficiency, robustness, resistance to interference, and a number of other favorable technical characteristics, with the spread-spectrum ability to maintain the capacity of an uplink-focused network while extending its range. However, while the essential tools for detection and synchronization of pulsed spread-spectrum waveforms in general, and the M-ASPM signals in particular, have been previously provided, a practical framework for combining the detection, synchronization, and decoding of an M-ASPM packet has not yet been suggested. In this paper, we outline such a framework, and describe a prototype algorithm for its implementation. This implementation can be subsequently adapted, under given technical constraints, to specific practical complications such as, for example, significant delay spreads, external technogenic interference, or co-channel and inter-channel collisions. In addition to low latency and computational complexity, the main requirement for this prototype algorithm is that the signal quality remains effectively invariant, for a given path loss, and for a wide range of the data rates, payload sizes, lengths of pulse shaping filters (PSFs), and pulse duty cycles, for a relatively large carrier frequency offset (CFO) between the transmitter (TX) and the receiver (RX). Further, this needs to be achieved without any feedback communications between the TX and the RX, and performed entirely in the RX software.

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common form of cardiac arrhythmias. Studying the pathogenesis of this pathological process will make it possible to look for new methods of treating AF and to predict its occurrence in a more targeted way. The aim of the study was to identify the components of the takeover process of central rhythmogenesis by the SA node in the conditions of atrial fibrillation when stimulating the vagus nerve and using substance SS-68. Materials and Methods: The experiments were conducted on 30 frogs and 90 cats. In frogs, the activity of the regions of the medulla oblongata synchronous with the heart rhythm was determined in a high-frequency electromagnetic field. In cats, proximal and distal foci of luminescence in the vagus nerve (VN) and pools of pacemaker cells (PCs) in the sinoatrial node were visualized under topical and general anesthesia, using a KELSY scanner with a microscope video capture unit while stimulating VN and using SS-68. Results and Discussion: The stimulation of VN with volleys of electrical impulses and the introduction of SS-68 increase the foci of luminescence in the nerve and unite the PC pools. This way, under general anesthesia in comparison with topical anesthesia, the area of the proximal focus of VN luminescence decreased by 83.8%, and the distal focus – by 44.9%. Against the background of general anesthesia, the area of the proximal focus of luminescence when stimulating VN with volleys of electrical impulses was by 76.0% larger than before stimulation, and the distal focus – by 72.5%. After the administration of SS-68, there was an increase in the foci of luminescence: under general anesthesia, when compared with topical anesthesia, the area of the proximal foci of luminescence decreased by 86.8%, and the distal one – by 67.1%. Under general anesthesia, the area of the proximal focus of luminescence under conditions of stimulating VN with volleys of electrical impulses was by 82.2% larger than before stimulation and the distal one – by 78.2%. When signals from the brain arrive simultaneously through VN at the PC pools, they are absorbed by the PC pools; the focus of early depolarization becomes wide, which prevents the development of AF. The increased synchronizing influence of VN may be one of the methods for treating autonomic AF, and if its influence decreases, it can be a prognostic factor for the occurrence of recurrent AF. Conclusion: The tonic effect of VN on the heart rhythm through electrical stimulation of the former and the use of SS-68 is manifested in a decreased heart rate: the difference between the initial heart rhythm and the minimal synchronization range boundary. A decrease in the heart rate under the influence of VN prevents paroxysms of AF, but does not completely eliminate the influence of ectopic foci on it.

The study is devoted to the actualization of the ideas of the great comparative scholar of the XIXth century Max Müller (1823-1900), a contemporary of A. Schleicher, who, as is traditionally believed, worked mainly in the naturalistic trend. The authors of the study show that the achievements of M. Müller were unreasonably underestimated, calling the scientist a popularizer of science. The victory of positivism in German linguistics weakened interest in the works by M. Müller: linguistics was no longer perceived as a natural science. It is noted that the positivist approach denied the “metaphysical” typology, close in spirit to M. Müller. The authors come to the conclusion that M. Müller’s ideas and methodological attitudes survived his time into the future and sound relevant in the humanities of the XXIst century, based on the anthropological understanding of linguistic phenomena. M. Müller was one of the first scholars to distinguish between philology and linguistics, he boldly extrapolated the attitudes of comparative studies to other areas of humanitarian knowledge - mythology, religion, innovatively applied a socio-cultural approach to the analysis of language features and the study of archaic texts. The study compares M. Müller’s ideas with traditional historical observations of national comparativist- and-historical observations of Russian comparativists - F.I. Buslaev and I.I. Sreznevsky. It is emphasized that his works reveal the connection of philosophy with private sciences: linguistics, theology, cultural history. In this sense, “The Science of Language” can be regarded as an original experience of creating philological hermeneutics. It is stated that M. Müller studied the historical space of language from the point of view relevant to the modern science of comparative semasiology. The refraction of his ideas is observed in the works of modern scientists - typologists, comparativists, conceptologists: V.A. Dybo, V.V. Ivanov, V.N. Toporov, Yu.S. Stepanov. Once again, the naturalistic approach is reaching a new level of development in the XXIst century, and the comparative method - the main research tool of M. Müller and other scientists of the Schleicher era - is being actualized not only in linguistics, but also in philology, history of religion and ethnology. The dialectical approach to typological linguistics applied by M. Müller, remains in demand by the science of modern times.

Abstract Terahertz (THz) technology offers a variety of applications in label-free medical diagnosis and therapy, majority of which rely on the effective medium theory that assumes biological tissues to be optically isotropic and homogeneous at the scale posed by the THz wavelengths. Meanwhile, most recent research discovered mesoscale ( $$\sim \lambda $$ ∼ λ ) heterogeneities of tissues; $$\lambda $$ λ is a wavelength. This posed a problem of studying the related scattering and polarization effects of THz-wave–tissue interactions, while there is still a lack of appropriate tools and instruments for such studies. To address this challenge, in this paper, quantitative polarization-sensitive reflection-mode THz solid immersion (SI) microscope is developed, that comprises a silicon hemisphere-based SI lens, metal-wire-grid polarizer and analyzer, a continuous-wave 0.6 THz ( $$\lambda = 500$$ λ = 500 µm) backward-wave oscillator (BWO), and a Golay detector. It makes possible the study of local polarization-dependent THz response of mesoscale tissue elements with the resolution as high as $$0.15 \lambda $$ 0.15 λ . It is applied to retrieve the refractive index distributions over the freshly-excised rat brain for the two orthogonal linear polarizations of the THz beam, aimed at uncovering the THz birefringence (structural optical anisotropy) of tissues. The most pronounced birefringence is observed for the Corpus callosum, formed by well-oriented and densely-packed axons bridging the cerebral hemispheres. The observed results are verified by the THz pulsed spectroscopy of the porcine brain, which confirms higher refractive index of the Corpus callosum when the THz beam is polarized along axons. Our findings highlight a potential of the quantitative polarization THz microscopy in biophotonics and medical imaging.

AIM. To evaluate the expected effectiveness of post-COVID rehabilitation strategies. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The study was conducted August, 2021 – March, 2022 in the republican and federal rehabilitation centers: Krasnodar Territory (n=25), the Republic of Buryatia (n=25), and Moscow (n= 25). The data were obtained by a retrospective analysis of medical records and by interviewing the study participants who had an indication or had been treated in a rehabilitation centre for post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (U 09.9). The average length of time after the onset of the acute period of the disease was 6.5 ± 2.5 months. A prognostic model was constructed to estimate the expected effectiveness of the rehabilitation programme, as measured by a reduction in the severity of dyspnea. Nonlinear maximum likelihood logit regression was used to build the model. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. According to the presented model, the best expected rehabilitation effectiveness was found in the National Medical Research Center (Moscow) (β=-1.788685, p=0.009964604), a slightly lower expected rehabilitation effectiveness was observed in the resort with a curative climate (Krasnodar Territory) (β=0.9913501, p=0.182944), the lowest expected effectiveness was registered in the regional rehabilitation center (the Republic of Buryatia) (β=1.054594 p=0.2642723). The need for an integrated approach in the treatment of patients with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome was pointed out by many domestic and foreign researchers, however, the choice and content of treatment strategies is debatable. Our study provides a preliminary answer to this question. CONCLUSION. The developed model of the expected effectiveness of the rehabilitation of patients suffering from shortness of breath after undergoing COVID-19 has a specificity of 54.54%, sensitivity of 91.3% and an overall accuracy of 84.21%. The best expected rehabilitation effectiveness was found in the National Medical Research Center of Rehabilitation and Balneology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Moscow) (β=-1.788685, p=0.009964604), somewhat lower in the resort with a curative climate (Krasnodar territory) (β=0.9913501, p=0.182944), the lowest expected efficiency was registered in the regional rehabilitation center (the Republic of Buryatia) (β=1.054594 p=0.2642723).

Fast multi-phase processes in methane hydrate bearing samples pose a challenge for quantitative micro-computed tomography study and experiment steering due to complex tomographic data analysis involving time-consuming segmentation procedures. This is because of the sample's multi-scale structure, which changes over time, low contrast between solid and fluid materials, and the large amount of data acquired during dynamic processes. Here, a hybrid approach is proposed for the automatic segmentation of tomographic data from time-resolved imaging of methane gas-hydrate formation in sandy granular media, which includes a deep-learning 3D U-Net model. To prepare a training dataset for the 3D U-Net, a technique to automate data labeling based on sample-specific information about the mineral matrix immobility and occasional fluid movement in pores is proposed. Automatic segmentation allowed for studying properties of the hydrate growth in pores, as well as dynamic processes such as incremental flow and redistribution of pore brine. Results of the quantitative analysis showed that for typical gas-hydrate stability parameters (100 bar methane pressure, 7°C temperature) the rate of formation is slow (less than 1% per hour), after which the surface area of contact between brine and gas increases, resulting in faster formation (2.5% per hour). Hydrate growth reaches the saturation point after 11 h of the experiment. Finally, the efficacy of the proposed segmentation scheme in on-the-fly automatic data analysis and experiment steering with zooming to regions of interest is demonstrated.

Introduction. Reducing the distance of throwing soil into the zone around bushes and maintaining a leveled surface between rows of berry crops are urgent scientific problems. Aim of the Article. To identify the basic parameters for the interaction of a spherical disk with waterlogged soil and on this basis to develop the technical solution for reducing the distance of soil throwing away in space between rows of berry crops. Materials and Methods. The object of research is an orchard disc harrow equipped with a protective shield mounted in front of the outermost disc of the tool front panel. The subject of the research is the process of interaction of the end disc of the front harrow plate with the waterlogged soil in berry plantations. The length of the protective shield and its spatial orientation were chosen as optimization parameters for field experiments. The quality evaluation of intertillage of the berry plantations was carried out by profiling their surfaces. Results. Based on the results of theoretical studies, it was found that the angle of inclination of the protective shield in the horizontal plane should be within 53–54°, and with respect to the movement of the harrow – 50–58°. The results of field experiments have confirmed the theoretical conclusions. It has been established that only a protective shield, the length of which is 450 mm and the installation angle of 50°, allows completely eliminating the side throw of the soil beyond the width of the tool. In addition, these parameters ensure the stable operation of the disc tool in almost any soil moisture and weed infestation of space between berry bushes. Discussion and Conclusion. The use of a modernized tillage tool made it possible to exclude the soil throwing into the bush zone to increase the speed of the unit by 25%.

The postischemic inflammatory response plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of acute ischemic stroke (IS). It has been established that acute IS is accompanied by aseptic inflammation, which induces the activation of costimulatory molecules in the process of innate immunity response to brain tissue damage. The constantly progressive destruction of neuronal antigens contributes to an increase in the volume of the ischemic lesion. Evidence continues to accumulate indicating an important role of NLRP3-mediated inflammation in the pathogenesis of IS. It has been shown that autophagy is involved in the inflammatory cascade in acute IS. Many of the anti-inflammatory mechanisms mediated by autophagy in acute IS involve the key autophagic proteins Beclin-1, LC3, and p62. Experimental studies have shown that autophagy suppresses the activation of NLRP3 inflammation. Data on cross interactions between apoptosis and autophagy in the pathogenesis of IS are still controversial. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between biomarkers of autophagy, inflammation, and apoptosis in the dynamics of the acute period of atherothrombotic IS. The article presents the results of a dynamic study of the serum concentration of the key autophagy biomarkers Beclin-1, LC3 and p62, apoptosis indicators Bcl-2 and p53, pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNFα, IL-8, IL-18 which are involved in postischemic neuroinflammation. A statistically significant increase in the studied parameters was established in comparison with the control group. The maximum increase in the studied biomarkers is noted on the 1st day after the development of ischemia in patients with a severe course of the disease. The relationship between autophagy activity, apoptosis biomarkers, and some indicators of the systemic inflammatory response in patients with moderate and severe atherothrombotic stroke was revealed. The results obtained confirm the literature data on the involvement of autophagy in the regulation of the postischemic inflammatory response.

Terahertz (THz) technology offers novel opportunities in biology and medicine, thanks to the unique features of THz-wave interactions with tissues and cells. Among them, we particularly notice strong sensitivity of THz waves to the tissue water, as a medium for biochemical reactions and a main endogenous marker for THz spectroscopy and imaging. Tissues of the brain have an exceptionally high content of water. This factor, along with the features of the structural organization and biochemistry of neuronal and glial tissues, makes the brain an exciting subject to study in the THz range. In this paper, progress and prospects of THz technology in neurodiagnostics are overviewed, including diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease, myelin deficit, tumors of the central nervous system (with an emphasis on brain gliomas), and traumatic brain injuries. Fundamental and applied challenges in study of the THz-wave – brain tissue interactions and development of the THz biomedical tools and systems for neurodiagnostics are discussed.

At the moment, neural networks are able to create what was previously considered inaccessible: photorealistic faces of people; full-fledged paintings based on rough sketches; any images with a short text description; poems and prose on the first lines or a given topic. All of this has been made possible by rapid advances in areas such as natural language processing and machine vision. Neural networks are capable of generating content based on the data they have memorized during an extensive learning process. Problems for logic, mathematics and logical reasoning are an example of flexible intelligence, and it requires completely different approaches to learning. The study presented in the article proposes the development of a methodology for designing and training neural networks aimed at creating a functioning code. The basis of the study is the possibility of using artificial intelligence, in particular neural networks, to generate code by a machine, that is, AI4Code tasks. The study examined the provisions in favor of the use of reinforcement learning in comparison with language models, as well as the architecture of the environment necessary for such learning. The main research is the focus on the use of Nvidia graphics accelerators and the use of central processes of various architectures. The article discusses the features of creating a learning environment, the advantages and disadvantages of the CUDA platform, and analyzes the potential effectiveness of each of the approaches.

INTRODUCTION. Identification of risk factors for the emergence, development and exacerbation of chronic noncommunicable diseases and their correction is one of the main tasks of preventive and restorative medicine. AIM. To study the frequency and severity of meteopathic reactions in patients undergoing health resort treatment, as well as to evaluate the associations with chronic noncommunicable diseases and the region of habitation. MATERIAL AND METHODS. A verbal and communicative examination of 735 patients undergoing health resort treatment was carried out using the questionnaire «Severity of meteosensitivity of the patient» (Patent 2736612 C1 from 19.11.2020). Cross-sectional study design was used. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods and the criterion c2. RESULTS. It was shown that patients with chronic noncommunicable diseases including metabolic syndrome had the following meteopathic organism reactions: headaches (in 59.5 per cent of patients), arterial pressure increase (47.0 per cent), complaints of poor health expressed in weakness and decreased activity (42.5 per cent), sleepiness (41.46 per cent), pain in joints (40.5 per cent). The interrelation between the degree of the severity of meteopathy and the presence of diseases as well as the place of a patient’s residence (a region with contrasting climatic conditions and a considerable difference in time zones) was revealed, which may indirectly indicate a decrease in functional and adaptive reserves of the organism. CONCLUSION. To confirm the results, it is necessary to evaluate the functional state of the organism in patients undergoing treatment, the severity of adaptive responses and the state of individual links of the organism’s regulatory mechanisms under changing weather and climatic conditions. KEYWORDS: meteopathic reactions, chronic noncommunicable diseases, health resort, climatic/ weather, questionnaire For citation: Fesyun A.D., Yakovlev M.Yu., Valtseva E.A., Grishechkina I.A., Abramova B.Yu., Nikitin M.V. Development of meteopathic reactions in patients treated at Health Resorts: a Cross-Sectional Study of 735 Patients. Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2023; 22(1): 36–45. https://doi.org/10.38025/2078–1962–2023–22–1–36–45

AIM. To focuses on the relevance of using, along with natural healing factors, traditional and innovative transformed physical factors, which can significantly improve the effectiveness of health resort treatment. INTRODUCTION. Globally recognized achievements of Russian balneology are first of all connected with strictly scientific approaches to development of therapeutic methods and complex programs of physiotherapeutic treatment, implemented for many decades in health resort organizations throughout the country. The richest deposits of natural mineral waters and mud were mastered, studied and adapted for treatment of chronic diseases of inflammatory and degenerative-dystrophic nature, for rehabilitation of patients after vascular accidents, injuries and operations, as well as for rehabilitation of virtually healthy persons with reduced functional reserves. The results obtained on the basis of randomized clinical trials represent the evidence base for inclusion of various methods of physiotherapy in the Clinical Guidelines for various nosologies. The successful development of physiotherapy requires not only a profound scientific approach, consolidation of researchers, manufacturers of physiotherapy equipment and practitioners, but also further improvement of the regulatory framework. Thus, a great achievement of 2022 can be considered the drafting of an Order on providing medical care to the population in the profile of «physiotherapy».

Assessment of viral load levels in various biological samples taken from the respiratory tract can be an indicator of an ongoing process of active viral replication and may be used to monitor severe respiratory viral infections. The study of the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 viral load and immunological laboratory parameters is an important step in the search for clinical markers of COVID-19.The aim of this research was to quantify viral load in patients with COVID-19 and to identify the relation-ship between viral load and changes in the parameters of the cellular component of the immune system.A laboratory examination was carried out on 74 patients diagnosed with COVID-19, they were divided into 3 groups based on the severity of the disease: mild, moderate, severe. Total viral load in clinical samples was determined by the number of SARS-CoV-2 RNA copies per 100 copies of the reference RNaseP gene. A comprehensive assessment of the cellular component of the immune system was performed using flow cytometry and direct monoclonal antibodies, and the IL-6, and C-reactive protein concentrations were determined.We revealed a relationship between the development of serious clinical conditions in the patients with COVID-19, and the levels of viral load. High levels of viral RNA in biological samples correlate with main indicators of the T cell component of the immune system associated with disease severity. In a subgroup of patients with an extremely high viral load, strong positive correlations were found between the relative numbers of cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD3+CD8+), activated T lymphocytes (CD3+HLA-DR+), as well as absolute and relative numbers of activated B lymphocytes and NK cells (CD3-CD25+).Laboratory monitoring of the cellular component of the immune system, along with the assessment of viral loads, should improve early assessment of clinical condition in the patients with COVID-19. Changes in expression levels of activation markers on immune cells can be potentially viewed as indicators of recovery during COVID-19.

M-ary Aggregate Spread Pulse Modulation (M-ASPM) is the physical layer (PHY) modulation technique that is well suited for use in low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs). Notably, M-ASPM combines high energy-per-bit efficiency, robustness, resistance to interference, and a number of other favorable technical characteristics, with the spread-spectrum ability to maintain the capacity of an uplink-focused network while extending its range. However, when all M-ASPM nodes transmit with the same average power, implementation of such capacity-preserving range extension may become impractical in complicated propagation environments with greatly varying path losses. Favorably, the efficiency of M-ASPM with constant-envelope pulses can be maintained effectively the same as the efficiency of transmitting a continuous constant-envelope waveform. Then the transmit power of different nodes can be adjusted, without sacrificing the transmission efficiency, to compensate for differences in the path attenuation. This enables us to significantly simplify planning and management of the network. In addition, such a variable-power approach generally increases the network capacity and the average energy efficiency of the nodes, as compared with the arrangement of the nodes with a constant transmit power. In this paper, we outline a practical approach to implementing such an energy-efficient M-ASPM power control, that can be used for scaling LPWANs with realistic desired and/or actual areal distributions of the uplink nodes under diverse propagation conditions.

Anti-inflammatory potency of 5-hydroxypyrimidine derivatives SNK-411 (2-isobutyl-4,6-dimethyl-5-hydroxypirimidine) and SNK-578 (hydrochloride 2-isobutyl-4,6-dimethyl-5-hydroxypirimidine) was evaluated on the model of complete Freund`s adjuvant (CFA)-induced exudative inflammation in experiment on 60 outbreed male rats weighing 180–200 g in comparison with prednisolone. Prednisolone, SNK-411 and SNK-578 were injected twice: in 24 and 2 hours in before the injection of CFA. Prednisolone was administered in dose of 10 mg/kg, SNK-411 in doses of 25 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg, SNK-578 in doses of 10 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg. Paw and ankle joint edema were registered 24 hours after subplantar injection of CFA in right hind foot. Prednisolone administration in dose of 10 mg/kg decreased paw and ankle joint edema, SNK-578 in dose of 25 mg/kg decreased exudative edema of the paw, SNK-411 in dose of 40 mg/kg decreased paw and ankle joint edema. Acquired data correlates with previously obtained results that 5-hydroxypirimidine derivatives have antiallergenic effect on the model of systemic anaphylaxis in experiment on guinea pigs.

To date, there is no consensus explaining the relationship between varying concentrations of IFNγ and the severity of infection caused by SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this article was to analyze and formulate conclusions from the selected studies and publications, which, in sum, provide a potentially reasonable view on the role of IFNγ in COVID-19 pathogenesis. This article highlights current data on the immunological role of IFNγ which affects differentiation of naive T helper cells, acting as a polarizing factor. It activates the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II, by increasing the expression of MHC I/II subunits, inhibiting replication of the viral particles by initiating activation of interferon-stimulated genes followed by subsequent synthesis of antiviral proteins. Moreover, IFNγ activates the production of cytokines by T cells, enhancing cytotoxic activity of the T killers. IFNγ exerts immunostimulatory and immunomodulatory effects via STAT1, SOCS1 and PIAS genes, thus regulating activation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. A number of studies were considered where the patterns of changes in serum IFNγ concentration were examined in viral infections and SARS-CoV-2. We performed a systemic analysis of the results of studies that showed a relationship between high concentrations of IFNγ and COVID-19 severity. In a number of studies, the significantly high levels of IFNγ in COVID-19 patients were often associated with a poor outcome of the disease. The median values of the IFNγ concentration in severe COVID-19 were found to be significantly higher compared to the results obtained in the cases of moderate severity. It shows an increase, in parallel with viral load in the nasopharyngeal samples upon worsening of the clinical condition. Based on the data on the decreased IFNγ concentrations in convalescent patients, the mechanism of antagonism between IFNγ and IL-4 is considered, where the decreases serum concentrations of IFNγ along with increasing level of IL-4 may be an indirect proof of normal adaptive immune response with subsequent development of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and gradual elimination of the virus from the body. Moreover, the evidence is discussed that the patients harboring some parasitic infections (Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium, Blastocystis hominis, Giardia duodenalis, Entamoeba histolytica) with persistently elevated level of IFNγ are at reduced risk for severe course of COVID-19.

Purpose: is to study and analyze the rapid development of the practical application of the blockchain in the economy of the PRC. The Chinese government keeps pursuing a policy of intensive introduction of the technology in manufacturing and trade, what could become a determining factor in interaction with partner countries.Methods: the paper is based on a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the strategy for the development of blockchain technology in China, as well as an analysis of the intermediate results of the phased introduction of technology into the national economy of the country.Results: the Chinese government is aimed at large-scale implementation of blockchain solutions in the country's economy as part of the measures to intensively develop the «digital economy» and strengthen their leading position in the global economy. China demonstrates its strong intention to participate at first-hand in setting standards and rules for blockchain technologies in the field of finance and international trade through the internationalization of national blockchain technologies, including the digital yuan, in cooperation with partner countries and trade associations.Сonclusions and Relevance: the formation of China's economic regional and global is due to the strengthening of the national economy, its resilience and ability to recover quickly, and intensification its position in world trade. At the same time, the intensive development of blockchain technologies in China, pushing the technology into the national economy and state support determine the strengthening of leading positions in the technological field. To accelerate the internationalization of its blockchain solutions, the Chinese government, on the one hand, relies on the proposed solutions innovativeness and exclusivity, on the other hand, takes measures at the political and diplomatic levels to foster it.

Исследования кишечного микробиома в настоящее время вызывают большой интерес у клиницистов. Это связано с тем, что результаты проведенных исследований показывают тесную взаимосвязь кишечного микробиома с развитием различных заболеваний. В статье представлены современные методы отбора проб для исследований, охарактеризованы мультиомические методы исследования (метагеномика, метапротеомика, метатранскриптомика, метаболомика) и возможности их применения в клинической практике с указанием их преимуществ и недостатков. Описаны наиболее распространенные методы исследования (при этом особое внимание уделено изучению кишечного микробиома), в которых можно получить оптимально объективные результаты и точность вычислительного анализа данных. Эти исследования будут способствовать развитию персонализированной медицины, которая будет применяться в самых различных областях — от точной идентификации патогенных штаммов для целенаправленного лечения до тщательного мониторинга дисбаланса микробных сообществ при заболеваниях и до персонализированного и рационального плана манипуляций с микробиомом.

COVID-19 is a viral infection and its prevalence requires investigation of different co-morbid conditions including tuberculosis, as well as operation of temporary infectious diseases hospitals (TIDH) for the treatment of COVID-19 deployed on the facilities of anti-tuberculosis institutions.The objective: analysis of follow-up and treatment of patients with COVID-19 in the temporary infectious diseases hospitals deployed on the facilities of anti-tuberculosis institutions, and assessment of the impact of various medications and treatment methods on patient lethality including in those with co-morbid active tuberculosis.Subjects and Methods. Data of 143 patients (39.2% men and 60.8% women) aged 31 to 93 years old were collected and systematized using the COVIZ software (developed in the Republic of Tatarstan to analyze COVID-19 patient management, C#). A positive result of polymerase chain reaction for coronavirus was found in 88.1% of patients on admission and in 89.5% of patients over the entire follow-up period. 120 (83.9%) patients recovered, and 23 (16.1%) died.Results. Patients with different outcomes did not differ by age, sex, body mass index, and respiratory clinical manifestations. Oral anticoagulants prescribed before hospitalization, oral glucocorticosteroids prescribed on day 12 of the disease or later had a significant favorable effect on the COVID-19 outcome. Among those who received olokizumab, cure was achieved in 81.8%.The effect of anticytokine therapy was higher among patients previously vaccinated with the anti-COVID vaccine who had no concomitant pathology. Antimicrobial therapy generally had no effect on the COVID-19 outcomes, and early administration of these drugs increased the likelihood of a lethal outcome. Among 173 tuberculosis patients who died of other causes than tuberculosis, only 5 (2.9%) died of COVID-19. Tuberculosis patients followed up in the temporary infectious diseases hospital deployed on the facilities of Republican TB Dispensary were characterized by a relatively favorable course of this viral infection. The fact that those patients had been detected in a TB hospital and their treatment had been started early provided a positive impact.Conclusion. This study has demonstrated the potential for a rapid and appropriate public health response to emerging unpredictable infectious threats.

The article presents unknown evidence of epistolary communication of S. I. Ozhegov and his “correspondents” — Professor A. M. Egolin, Prince P. Obolenskiy, Mr Nedzvetskiy. The linguistic informativeness of the letters is noted. The value of the presented materials for the study of lexicology, stylistics, author’s punctuation and speech culture is indicated. Attention is drawn to the range of problems discussed in the letters, including the selection and interpretation of definitions in dictionaries (pilyonyi sakhar ‘sawn sugar’, plavlenyi syr ‘processed cheese’, gromootvod ‘lightning rod’), haplology, the formation of appellatives from the names of writers (nekrasovoved or nekrasoved), social and phonetic adaptation of foreign language vocabulary (t’emp — temp), etc. The facts given in the correspondence are commented on from the standpoint of the history of philological science, the necessary references are given, possible comparisons are made with the events and persons mentioned in the epistolary. The texts are evaluated as a fragment of a special linguistic picture of the world, in which the main place is occupied by the linguistic personality of S. I. Ozhegov, who attracted scientists of different schools and generations. The conclusion is made about the relevance of the publication of archival sources that reveal interesting circumstances of the scientific life of philologists, exposing their searches and discoveries. These materials supplement the available information about the linguistic discussions of the 1950s and 1960s, represent living portraits of scientists.

Background. Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) is a person’s perception of the effect of a disease on physical, social and psychological functioning and wealth. Questionnaires that help assess the HRQL can give a concept of child’s state, identify arcane issues and they are of great importance for a full understanding of how the state of health affects the child. Universal HRQL tools allow to compare results with general parameters, indicators with specific symptoms better reflect clinically significant moments. The most widespread in the Russian Federation was the general PedsQLTM 4.0 questionnaire, widely used in practice to assess HRQL in children with various pathologies. Objective.The aim of the study is to describe the analysis of linguistic accuracy and authenticity of the content of the Russian version of the module of gastrointestinal symptoms of the PedsQLTM questionnaire, measuring HRQL, in children with gastrointestinal disorders (GIDs).Materials and methods. The establishment of linguistic accuracy and authenticity of the content was carried out according to international standards. The process included forward translation, scientific assessment and coordination, reverse translation, verification of the reverse translation and interviews with 17 children aged 5–18 years with symptoms of GIDs and 20 parents of children with symptoms of GIDs aged 2–18 years.Results. The Russian version of PedsQLTM module of gastrointestinal symptoms (report from children 5-18 years old, report from parents for children 2–18 years old) was developed without significant difficulties. Eight questions required discussion after the forward translation, one change was made after the reverse translation, and three changes were made after the study of the symptom’s module by patients and parents.Conclusion. A conceptually equivalent version of the of PedsQLTM module of gastrointestinal symptoms in Russian has been developed for children aged 2–18 years. It allows to improve the assessment of HRQL in children with GIDs in the Russian Federation. To assess authenticity and reliability of the Russian version of the module, it’s recommended to conduct further research using a larger sample

In this article, there are considered concepts of emotional and professional burnout, carried out their differentiation, based on the scope of their manifestation and the specifics of the type of activity. That raised the problem of the possibility of the existence of emotional burnout of children, which predictor may be the educational environment, and it has a significant impact on the psychological well-being of the subjects of the educational process. The purpose of the study was to identify the existence of emotional burnout of children in the educational environment. To achieve it, the authors proposed and implemented the following tasks: 1) to highlight the specific features of summer camps as an educational environment; 2) to determine the preconditions leading to the emotional burnout of children in the educational environment; 3) to adapt the methodology for diagnosing emotional burnout of children; 4) to measure the levels of emotional burnout at the beginning and at the end of the session in camp and to compare the identified indicators using methods of mathematical statistics (Student’s t-test for dependent samples). The adapted russification of the Maslach Questionnaire (MBI) by N.E. Vodopyanova was used on a sample of 10 to 16 years old. The result of empirical research demonstrated the existence of emotional burnout of children and opened the perspectives for research into the phenomenon of children’s emotional burnout.

Introduction. A decrease of damaging loose grains by threshing tools when combing standing plants is an urgent scientific problem. The aim of the research is to develop a technical solution and experimentally confirm the possibility of loose grains pre-separation from the stripped grain heap before it enters the threshing chamber of the combine harvester. Materials and Methods. The most promising technical solution to minimize the damaging of loose grain is an inclined chamber containing an oblong-hole lattice bottom, under which inclined augers are mounted. The experimental studies had two stages. In the first series of experiments, in laboratory conditions there were determined the optimal sizes of the lattice bottom holes to ensure the maximum passage of loose grains. In the second series of experiments, the degrees of separating and damaging loose grains were evaluated in real field conditions. Results. According to the results of laboratory studies, it was found that the maximum passage of loose grains through the holes of the lattice bottom is 68.7% with the width of holes 8 mm and their length 160 mm. According to the results of field experiments, it was found that the average passage of loose grains through the holes of the lattice bottom is 90%. At the same time, damaging grains in the inclined chamber did not exceed 0.5%, and in the hopper 1.75%. Damaging grains in the bunker was in the range of 5.25% when the combine operated without pre-separation of the combed grain heap on the lattice bottom of the inclined chamber. Discussion and Conclusion. Pre-separation of loose grains from the combed heap makes it possible to reduce damaging grains at least three times, and also reduces the power consumed by the drive of the threshing machine by 11–12%.

Intensive socio-economic interactions are a prerequisite for the innovative development of the economy, but at the same time, they may lead to increased epidemiological risks. Persistent migration patterns, the socio-demographic composition of the population, income level, and employment structure by type of economic activity determine the intensity of socio-economic interactions and, therefore, the spread of COVID-19.We used the excess mortality (mortality from April 2020 to February 2021 compared to the five-year mean) as an indicator of deaths caused directly and indirectly by COVID-19. Similar to some other countries, due to irregularities and discrepancies in the reported infection rates, excess mortality is currently the only available and reliable indicator of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia.We used the regional level data and fit regression models to identify the socio-economic factors that determined the impact of the pandemic. We used ordinary least squares as a baseline model and a selection of spatial models to account for spatial autocorrelation of dependent and independent variables as well as the error terms.Based on the comparison of AICc (corrected Akaike information criterion) and standard error values, it was found that SEM (spatial error model) is the best option with reliably significant coefficients. Our results show that the most critical factors that increase the excess mortality are the share of the elderly population and the employment structure represented by the share of employees in manufacturing (C economic activity according to European Skills, Competences, and Occupations (ESCO) v1 classification). High humidity as a proxy for temperature and a high number of retail locations per capita reduce the excess mortality. Except for the share of the elderly, most identified factors influence the opportunities and necessities of human interaction and the associated excess mortality.

Purpose: the purpose of this article is to study the current and potential opportunities for using blockchain technology in systems for recording and registering property rights to land.Methods: the work was based on a comprehensive and system analysis, a comparison of international practices for working with blockchain technology, as well as the study and comparison of existing international practices in the subject area under consideration.Results: systems based on blockchain technology can be used in systems for recording and registering rights to land plots, however, they must be adapted to the existing procedure and consider legal requirements. Since an institutional infrastructure is needed to guarantee real estate rights, only the use of closed private or hybrid blockchain technology, administered by employees of a public institution and used by legitimate participants in real estate transactions (e.g., notaries and real estate lawyers) with the provision of proper user identification, can be accepted. into account. These theses are confirmed by practical examples based on the results of the analysis among 12 countries. In states with a high degree of digitalization of rights registration systems, a significant level of involvement of state bodies remains, and a system based on the principles of a private closed blockchain is used as an additional technology that supports existing registration systems.Conclusions and Relevance: blockchain technology can be used as a tool to improve the efficiency of existing land registration systems and increase the security level of ongoing transactions. At the same time, transactions will be transparent, immutable and recoverable. However, taking into account the specifics of registration and transfer of rights, features of legislative and legal norms. It is recommended to continue the discussion of the optimal legal and technical ways to use the opportunities offered by blockchain technology, in accordance with the main functions of accounting and registration systems for land rights.

Aim: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of convalescent plasma therapy for patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.Materials and methods: the study included 64 patients with laboratory-confirmed severe new coronavirus infection. The control group consisted of 58 patients who, in addition to standard therapy, received a transfusion of plasma from donors who had recovered from COVID-19. The effectiveness of immune plasma was assessed by the duration of fever, the level of oxygen (SpO2 %) in dynamics, the detection of SARSCoV-2 RNA in nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs using PCR method in dynamics, as well as by the dynamics of blood tests results. Adverse events (any medically adverse events that occurred after immune plasma transfusion) were recorded as safety criteria.Results: patients who received convalescent plasma, showed a significantly shorter period of SARS-CoV-2 replication compared with the control group. The use of immune plasma did not have a statistically significant effect on the duration of the fever, as well as the dynamics of blood oxygenation. Also, there were no significant differences compared with the control group when assessing blood tests parameters.Conclusion: The use of COVID-19 convalescent plasma to treat severe COVID-19 did not show significant clinical effect but reduced the period of viral replication. It also showed no unexpected or serious adverse events.

Lack of knowledge about the causes of fatigue often leads to ignoring this symptom in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The severity of fatiguein patients with RA can be significantly reduced by actively using non-pharmacological treatment strategies.Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of aerobic exercise (walking) to reduce fatigue in RA patients during long-term follow-up.Material and methods. The study involved 102 patients with RA (women 100%; average age 54.38 ± 11.3 years; disease duration9.5[5;15] years; DAS28-ESR activity 2.85[2.32;3.06] points; fatigue on the VAS scale ≥50), who completed the stage of sanatoriumtreatment in full (21 days) and provided data on aerobic physical activity (steps quantity per day) and fatigue scores on the BritishRheumatoid Arthritis Fatigue Scale – Numerical Rating Scale (BRAF-NRS V2). RA patients were divided into two groups according totheir level of physical activity: group I (n=53) with a sedentary lifestyle (less than 5–6 thousand steps/day) and group II (n=49) witha recommended (mobile) lifestyle (more than 7–8 thousand steps/day). Assessment of RA patients’ adherence to physical activity wascarried out 2 months after return from the sanatorium, and the dynamics of BRAF-NRS fatigue indexes were recorded.Results and discussion. Seventy-six people (74.5%) agreed to participate in the final survey: 32 patients from a group I and 44 patientsfrom a group II. Commitment to daily aerobic activity (more than 5,000 steps per day) was maintained by 34% of participants in thegroup I and 59% in the group II (p=0.033). The majority of respondents (51.3%) decreased the physical activity level and significantlyreduced the time for aerobic exercise after returning from the sanatorium, citing a lack of incentives and time. 47% of the groupI patients (15/32) felt able to devote more attention to physical activity, but only 25% confirmed a strong belief that they would dedicateat least 30 minutes to aerobic exercise 5 times a week over the next three months. In the group II, 48% of patients (p=0.044) reportedmaintaining or even increasing the corresponding physical activity level, confirming the effectiveness of individual physical activityprograms formed during the sanatorium treatment and then integrated into daily life. Two months after returning from the sanatorium,group II patients showed lower fatigue scores on all BRAF-NRS scales: NRS-severity (p=0.04), NRS-effect (p=0.005), and NRS-overcoming(p=0.034). The analysis of variance revealed a decrease in the level of fatigue in the medium term (up to 2 months) regardless of thelevel of physical activity of the patients, but in RA patients committed to an active lifestyle and regular aerobic physical activity (groupII), the positive changes were most pronounced (p

An important part of the rehabilitation process in children with autism is the search for effective methods that affect the main pathogeneticmechanisms.Aim. To evaluate the effect of dolphin therapy (DT) on the monoaminergic and hormonal systems in children with autism spectrumdisorders (ASD).Material and methods. 47 children with ASD – (F84) aged 3 to 14 years were examined. The I group – 23 children who received thebasic sanatorium-resort treatment (SRT); the II group – 24 children got a course of DT. The checkup included examination by specialists,evaluation of serotonin, norepinephrine and cortisol in the blood serum before and after the treatment complexes.Results and discussion. There was a significant decrease in serotonin and norepinephrine, an increase in cortisol in children with ASD.After the treatment, there was a significant increase in norepinephrine levels and decrease in cortisol with an average degree of ASDin the group I, increasing in serotonin, norepinephrine and decrease in cortisol with all degrees of ASD severity in the II group. Manymental disorders are controlled not by the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine, but by their balance in content. The conducted basicSRT increases the level of norepinephrine and reduces the cortisol content in children with moderate severity of autism, without affectingsevere forms of ASD. The use of DT in the basic HRT contributed to an increase in the content of serotonin and norepinephrine anda decrease in cortisol in moderate and severe autism, which had a positive effect on clinical indicators (manifestations of hyperactivity,phobias, aggression and autoaggression decreased, cognitive abilities, attention, speech functions improved).Conclusions. A close relationship has been established between monoamines and cortisol in children with ASD and their participationin the pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease. The inclusion of the DT in the SRT course contributes to breaking the vicious circle andnormalizing the relationship between monoamines and cortisol in children with ASD.

Synchrotron radiation provides the necessary spatial and temporal resolution for non-invasive operando studies of dynamic processes under complex environmental conditions. Here a new environmental cell for simultaneous in situ dynamic X-ray imaging and measuring acoustic properties of geological samples is presented. The primary purpose of this cell is to study gas-hydrate formation in porous geo-materials and its influence on their acoustic properties. The cell is designed for cylindrical samples of 9 mm in diameter, confining and pore pressures up to 12 MPa, and temperatures from −20°C to room temperature. The cell is portable and can be easily assembled and operated at different X-ray sources. This cell enables a wide range of experiments studying physical/chemical processes in the Earth subsurface that change the mechanical properties of rocks (geochemical reactions, phase transitions, etc.).

Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling perfusion (pCASL-perfusion) in preoperative assessment of cerebral glioma grades. The study group consisted of 253 patients, aged 7–78 years with supratentorial gliomas (65 low-grade gliomas (LGG), 188 high-grade gliomas (HGG)). We used 3D pCASL-perfusion for each patient in order to calculate the tumor blood flow (TBF). We obtained maximal tumor blood flow (maxTBF) in small regions of interest (30 ± 10 mm2) and then normalized absolute maximum tumor blood flow (nTBF) to that of the contralateral normal-appearing white matter of the centrum semiovale. MaxTBF and nTBF values significantly differed between HGG and LGG groups (p

Severe COVID-19 alters the biochemical and morphological characteristics of blood cells in a wide variety of ways. To date, however, the vast majority of research has been devoted to the study of leukocytes, while erythrocyte morphological changes have received significantly less attention. The aim of this research was to identify erythrocyte morphology abnormalities that occur in COVID-19, compare the number of different poikilocyte types, and measure erythrocyte sizes to provide data on size dispersion. Red blood cells obtained from 6 control donors (800–2200 cells per donor) and 5 COVID-19 patients (800–1900 cells per patient) were examined using low-voltage scanning electron microscopy. We did not discover any forms of erythrocyte morphology abnormalities that would be specific to COVID-19. Among COVID-19 patients, we observed an increase in the number of acanthocytes (p = 0.01) and a decrease in the number of spherocytes (p = 0.03). In addition, our research demonstrates that COVID-19 causes an increase in the median (p = 0.004) and interquartile range (p = 0.009) when assessing erythrocyte size. The limitation of our study is a small number of participants.

Fish in the Volga-Kama River System (the largest river system in Europe) are important as a crucial food source for local populations; fish have the highest trophic level among hydrobionts. The purpose of this research is to describe the diversity of non-indigenous and native fish in the Volga and Kama Rivers, in the European part of Russia. This dataset encompasses data from June 2001 to September 2021 and comprises 1888 records (36,376 individual observations) for littoral and pelagic habitats from 143 sampling sites, representing 52 species from 42 genera in 22 families. The dataset has a Darwin Core standard format and has been fully released in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) under CC-BY 4.0 International license. The data are validated with several international databases such as FishBase, Eschmeyer’s Catalog of Fishes, the Barcode of Life Data System, and the SAS.Planet geoinformations system. Newly established populations have been found for several species belonging to the following Actinopteri families: Alosidae, Anguillidae, Cichlidae, Ehiravidae, Gobiidae, Odontobutidae, Syngnathidae, and Xenocyprididae. Therefore, this dataset can be used in the particular taxon species distribution analysis, which are especially important for non-indigenous species.

In this paper we present an overview of the M-ary Aggregate Spread Pulse Modulation (M-ASPM), and provide an assessment of its suitability and advantages for use in low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs). Notably, M-ASPM combines high energy-per-bit efficiency, robustness, resistance to interference, and a number of other favorable technical characteristics, with the spread-spectrum ability to maintain the network capacity while extending its range. We quantify the impact of mutual interference of multiple M-ASPM transmitters and demonstrate how such capacity-preserving range extension can be achieved for numerous desired areal distributions of the uplink nodes. Throughout the paper, LoRa is used for benchmark comparison and quantification of various M-ASPM features. In particular, we show that, while sharing many essential properties with LoRa, M-ASPM provides far more effective network range extension. When used in the same manner as LoRa, M-ASPM can serve as an appealing LoRa alternative. In addition, while being different LPWAN solutions, M-ASPM and LoRa can be designed to concurrently operate in the same spectral band and geographical area, cooperatively complementing each other’s coverage.

The paper proposes a modification of the diffusion-limited aggregation model to study the properties of a cluster system. A computational experiment to determine the mutual influence of the sticking probability and the volume concentration of particles on the formation of fractal clusters in a cluster system was carried out in accordance with the second-order orthogonal central compositional plan (OCCP). As a result of a computational experiment in accordance with the OCCP, an equation was obtained for the dependence of the mass fractal dimension of clusters on the volume of particle concentration and the probability of adhesion of diffusing particles and cluster particles in the adhesion zone. This dependence was obtained in a range of volume concentration of particles from 2 to 5 % and the probability of adhesion of diffusing particles and particles of clusters in the adhesion zone from 0.2 to 1.

An analysis of the mass of the working fluid and motor operating time of electric propulsion systems applied as a part of small spacecraft to carry out maneuvers of maintenance of the low Earth working orbit is carried out. The analysis is carried out for the small spacecraft with the weight in the range from 300 to 1000 kg functioning in working orbits with the height in the range from 400 to 600 km. When carrying out the analysis the values of the specific impulse of the propulsion system in the range from 800 to 1600 sec were accepted. Procedural guidelines for assessing the value of the required characteristic speed depending on the aerodynamic drag force, as well as for assessing the value of mass of the working fluid with account for the value of the specific impulse and defining the motor operating time of the propulsion system depending on the exhaust speed of the working fluid were used. The results of calculations given in the article show that the mass of the working fluid and the motor operating time vary depending on the height of the orbit and the mass of the small spacecraft and allow making quick preliminary assessment of the main design characteristics of the electric propulsion engines used to carry out maneuvers of maintenance of the low Earth working orbit of small spacecraft with different weight dimension characteristics during the prescribed term of active existence.

The article considers relevant issues on the topic of the Genesis and results of the procedural activity of the Judicial Board for economic disputes of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation as the second cassation instance. Taking into account, on one hand, the relative recency of this court in the arbitration process, and the significance of its role in the aspect of ensuring uniformity of judicial and arbitration practice on the other, this may prove to be of certain importance. The authors aim to summarize and analyze the judicial and statistical indicators of the second cassation for the 2015-2019 period. The methodological basis of the article consists of general scientific (analysis, analogy, description, synthesis, system-oriented) and private scientific methods (statistical, comparative legal, formal legal). Based on the results of the study, the main trends and problems of the second cassation review of judicial acts on economic disputes are identified. Based on the analysis of statistical indicators of cassation activity, the authors come to the conclusion that it is necessary to modernize the structure and functioning of the second cassation instance and increase its role in ensuring uniformity of judicial and arbitration practice. In conclusion, generalized proposals aimed at improvement of the efficiency of the second cassation instance are formulated. The study was conducted on the basis of judicial statistics published on the website of The Judicial Department of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation.

Abstract Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite with a wide host range that includes humans, domestic animals and wild animals. Small mammals serve as intermediate hosts for T. gondii and may contribute to the persistence of this parasite in the environment. Mass mortality in wild animals and deaths in rare endemic species make the study of this parasite of growing importance. In this study, T. gondii infection prevalence was evaluated in brain tissues from 474 small mammals captured at 26 trapping points in urban and rural areas of Tatarstan, Russian Federation. Nested PCR was used to detect the T. gondii B1 gene in the samples. Overall, 40/474 samples (8.44%) showed B1 gene positivity. T. gondii infection among the wild small mammals trapped in the rural area was significantly higher as a whole than that of the urban area as a whole. Multivariate logistical regression analysis also showed that the trapping area (rural or urban) significantly contributed to T. gondii positivity. Vegetation in the trapping points, small mammal species, sex, age or distance from the trapping points to the nearest human settlements did not significantly affect T. gondii positivity in the sampled small mammals.

Although assessment is integral to education, it is quite uncommon to be a focal point of complex educational innovations. Unlike schools, which employ a range of continuous formative assessment procedures, universities commonly rely on summative methods that are likely to be discrete and reluctant to students’ needs and experiences. Based on the study of 20 foreign and Russian research papers, this article analyzes the formative assessment practices that are found to be employed in universities. The analysis provides the results that shows the gaps between formative assessment concepts employed by Russian and English-writing authors. The study concludes that the two conceptualizations differ most prominently in how formativesummative procedures are divided, the formative feedback is accomplished, and participativity is provided.

Prevention of venous thromboembolic complications (pulmonary embolism, stroke, deep vein thrombosis) remains the most important clinical medicine problem and affects all doctors’ professional expertise areas without exeption due to an extremely high potential risk to the health and life of patients that might cause thromboembolic complications. A worldwide trend is to use conservative methods of treatment and prevention of pulmonary embolism, stroke, deep vein thrombosis, which are most often limited to the use of compression treatment, periodic appointment of phlebotropic medications courses. At the same time, effective and safe methods of using non-drug technologies for the prevention of thromboembolic complications in patients, in particular, with postphlebitic lower extremities syndrome, are in progress. They can prevent and/or significantly reduce the number of life-threatening complications and mortality with minimal risk of bleeding. The article presents a review of the literature data using the Russian and foreign sources on the use of medicinal and non-medicinal,mechanical methods of medical rehabilitation and sanatorium-resort treatment of patients with preventive effect on the dangerous thromboembolic complications occurrence.

The article describes a new phenomenon in the breeding group of mini-pigs at the Institute of Cytology and Genetics (ICG, Novosibirsk): polydactyly (extra digits), which is unusual because the additional digits are situated at the lateral surface of legs or at the lateral and medial ones. This anomaly was first found here in 2017 in adult animals intended for culling due to incorrect positioning of the legs caused by flexor tendon laxity and resulting in weight-bearing on the palmar surface of the proximal phalanges (“bear’s paw”). Therefore, the polydactyly of mini-pigs has a pronounced negative selection effect. A visual survey of the livestock was conducted, and a description of the detected anomaly was compiled. The polydactyly in mini-pigs is a stand-alone trait and is not part of any syndromes. Individuals with polydactyly may have extra digits either on pectoral or on pectoral and pelvic limbs. On thoracic limbs, there may be either one lateral digit or a lateral digit and a medially located rudimentary hooflet. On pelvic limbs, only lateral extra digits can occur. Anatomical and morphological analyses showed that the lateral extra digit is an anatomically complete (“mature”) structure, whereas the medial rudimentary digit consists of only a hooflet without other structures characteristic of normal digits. Cytological examination revealed no specific karyotypic features, except for Robertsonian translocation Rb 16;17 previously reported for the mini-pigs of the same livestock. Cytological findings indicated that the polydactyly and Robertsonian translocation are not linked genetically. Genealogical analysis and results of crosses are consistent with a working hypothesis of recessive inheritance of the trait. Overall, the study shows that this type of polydactyly is anatomically and morphologically unique and not typical of Sus scrofa. In this species, only polydactyly types with medial accessory toes have been described and are usually inherited as a dominant trait with incomplete penetrance. In our case, the results of test crosses indicate recessive inheritance of the trait with varying expression and incomplete penetrance, because of which poorly expressed phenotypes are not visually detectable.

The problems of medical rehabilitation of children with bronchial asthma are relevant for the national health care due to the high prevalence of the disease in the child population and the possibility of disability. Currently, the role of weather factors in the development of meteopathic reactions in children suffering from bronchial asthma is increasing. Meteopathological reactions can be manifested by increased symptoms of the disease and ventilation disorders, as well as they reduce the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures. In this regard, research devoted to the development of methods for the prevention and correction of manifestations of weather dependence using natural and climatic factors is of particular interest. Aim. The study aimed to assess the bioclimatic potential of the resort of Gelendzhik city and to develop methods for the prevention of meteopathic reactions in children with bronchial asthma. Material and methods. The research was conducted on the basis of the SRC “Vulan” (Gelendzhik). Features of biotropic weather conditions influence and meteopathic reactions development were studied in 119 children with bronchial asthma aged 5 to 15 years. Microclimatic features of the Sanatorium “Vulan” territory were studied using an automated system of medical and meteorological weather forecasting. Methods of climate therapy included dosed sun and air baths, which were prescribed taking into account the severity of the disease and the degree of child’s adaptation to the climatic conditions of the sanatorium. Results and discussion. The study of the bioclimatic potential showed that the territory of the Sanatorium “Vulan” can be attributed to the resort area with a sparing effect of the climate on the child’s body and with favorable microclimatic conditions that allow to widely include all types of climatotherapy in treatment and rehabilitation programs. Against the background of the dosed climate therapy, the majority of children (82.1%) had decreased manifestations of increased weather sensitivity, improved respiratory function and increased indicators of the psychoemotional status of children with bronchial asthma. Conclusion. Improved and scientifically-based technologies for dosing of the climate-related procedures, which are included in the programs of sanatorium-resort treatment of children with bronchial asthma, can significantly reduce the frequency of weather-related reactions.

The article is devoted to the epistolary heritage of the legendary philologist of the XX century — Professor Boris Viktorovich Tomashevsky (1890—1957) and his relations with the leading scientists in the context of historical, literary, linguistic and ideological polemics mainly of the 1930s and 1950s. The paper emphasizes the contribution of the scientist to the development of world science in the era of cultural upheavals. Special attention is paid to the publications of unknown epistles to B.V. Tomashevsky by domestic and foreign philologists: I.L. Andronikov, G.O. Vinokur, D.S. Likhachev, A. A. Reformatsky, B. Unbegaun, M. Vasmer, R. O. Jakobson. The published letters describe the situation in science of that period: they show the difficulties in working on the publication of Pushkin’s “Complete Works”, reveal the polemics around controversial issues of the theory and practice of the text, express the attitude of cor-respondents to the facts of ideological pressing on science, describe the difficulties of wartime, etc. B. V. Tomashevsky’s epistolary is also considered in the context of the role of Soviet linguistic personality in creating scientific tradition. The relevance of the study is due to the use of archival mate-rials in the paradigm of the humanities to clarify poorly studied facts of the 1930s and 1950s.

(1) Purpose: To determine the borders of malignant gliomas with diffusion kurtosis and perfusion MRI biomarkers. (2) Methods: In 50 high-grade glioma patients, diffusion kurtosis and pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) cerebral blood flow (CBF) values were determined in contrast-enhancing area, in perifocal infiltrative edema zone, in the normal-appearing peritumoral white matter of the affected cerebral hemisphere, and in the unaffected contralateral hemisphere. Neuronavigation-guided biopsy was performed from all affected hemisphere regions. (3) Results: We showed significant differences between the DKI values in normal-appearing peritumoral white matter and unaffected contralateral hemisphere white matter. We also established significant (p < 0.05) correlations of DKI with Ki-67 labeling index and Bcl-2 expression activity in highly perfused enhancing tumor core and in perifocal infiltrative edema zone. CBF correlated with Ki-67 LI in highly perfused enhancing tumor core. One hundred percent of perifocal infiltrative edema tissue samples contained tumor cells. All glioblastoma samples expressed CD133. In the glioblastoma group, several normal-appearing white matter specimens were infiltrated by tumor cells and expressed CD133. (4) Conclusions: DKI parameters reveal changes in brain microstructure invisible on conventional MRI, e.g., possible infiltration of normal-appearing peritumoral white matter by glioma cells. Our results may be useful for plotting individual tumor invasion maps for brain glioma surgery or radiotherapy planning.

The little-known factsof the work of N. S. Ashukin, S. I. Ozhegov and V. A. Filippov on the original lexicographic edition of the 1940s — “Dictionary to the plays of A. N. Ostrovsky” is analyzed in the article. The connection between the socio-cultural situation in the country and the scientific research of those years is shown. Special attention is paid to the facts of ideological pressure on philological thought. The circumstances that hindered the publication of the Dictionary are revealed. For the first time, genuine letters from the participants in this project, telling about the ambiguous situation in Glavlit (Soviet Main Administration for Safeguarding State Secrets in the Press) and the intention of the authors to save the manuscript from death are published in the appendix. It tells about further attempts of scientists and their descendants to resume the preparation of the publication of the book in the 1960—1970s. The facts given in the correspondence are commented on from the standpoint of history and philosophy of science, the necessary references are indicated, possible comparisons are made with the events and persons mentioned in the letters. The presented fragment of the linguistic picture of the world is also considered in the key of the development of linguistic personality and its role in the era of dictatorship. Attention is drawn to the high historical value of the undertaken work and its place in the lexicographic tradition of the XX century. It is concluded that archival materials play a key role in reconstructing the real picture of the life and activities of Soviet scientists, supplement the chronicle of science with valuable observations and contribute to an objective assessment of the achievements of philologists, show their firm position in upholding the interests of science during the dominance of ideologization in society.