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Purpose: to conduct hydrochemical studies of water and bottom sediments, as well as to assess their hazard level in the diversion channel of the rice irrigation system. The relevance of the research is due to the entry of a large number of pollutants into water bodies, especially from rice irrigation systems. Materials and methods. The assessment of the pollution level of bottom sediments with heavy metals was carried out by indices: pollution factor and degree, geoaccumulation index; aquatic environment – by the anthropogenic load index, mixture toxicity index. The materials for assessing the pollution level of water and bottom sediments were the results of field observations of the collector, through which drainage waters from the rice irrigation system are diverted to the Don River. Results. The content of such heavy metals as iron, manganese, copper, lead and zinc was studied in the collector-drainage runoff and bottom sediments. The content of exchangeable manganese and total forms of copper and zinc in the bottom sediments of the collector exceeds the background concentrations in the bottom sediments of the Don River by 1.2–4.9 times. The ecological state of the bottom sediments of the collector is characterized as moderately polluted. The content of manganese in the collector-drainage water exceeds the maximum permissible concentrations by 154–223 times, iron by 4–5 times, copper by 5 times. The assessment of the quality of bottom sediments in terms of soil pollution with heavy metals showed a weak nature of their pollution. Conclusions. The high content of manganese, copper and iron characterizes the bottom sediments as a source of secondary pollution of collector-drainage waters in the collector, however, compared with the maximum permissible concentrations of heavy metals for soils, their content is not exceeded. The establishment of environmental safety and the development of methods for the bottom sediments disposal require further research.

Bile duct injuries occur in 0.4 % of elective and 0.8 % of emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomies. The risk factors for bile duct damage and the optimal timing of laparoscopic cholecystectomy were studied. The emphasis is on theoretical and practical training of the surgeon as the main component of the prevention of bile duct injuries. The variant anatomy of vessels, bile ducts and important anatomical landmarks during the operation are described. During «complex cholecystectomy», «rescue strategies» are proposed and modern imaging techniques are reviewed. The concept of safe cholecystectomy is evaluated. The issues of damage classification are touched upon. Analysis of the literature showed that debate continues in the global surgical community about the correct tactics for managing these patients. There is also a problem in assessing complications and there is a lack of standardization of outcomes after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

INTRODUCTION. The frequency of parastomal hernias reaches 58 % and occurs with any type of stoma.The OBJECTIVE was to analyze the results of open retromuscular prosthetic repair of the abdominal wall with posterior separation of components in the treatment of parastomal hernias.METHODS AND MATERIALS. Between 2019 and 2023, 11 patients with end colostomies and parastomal hernias were operated on. The median age of patients was 72 years. There were 10 women, 1 man. According to the classification of the European Society of Herniology (2014), the distribution was as follows: type I – there were no patients, type II – 1 patient, type III – 5 patients, type IV – 5 patients. One patient had a recurrent parastomal hernia. All patients underwent open retromuscular prosthetic repair of the abdominal wall with posterior separation of components and formation of a colostomy in the same place.RESULTS. The treatment results were studied in 10 patients. There was fatal outcome in 1 patient with a type IV parastomal hernia due to infection with the development of necrotizing fasciitis and cellulitis of the abdominal wall. In one case, necrosis of the colostomy occurred, which required laparoscopic mobilization and re-formation of the colostomy. Long-term results were monitored in 9 patients over a period of 1 to 4 years. Recurrence occurred in 4 patients: 1 patient with type III parastomal hernia and 5 patients with type IV (two patients had 2 relapses). With repeated relapses, in one case, there was a pinching of the section of the small intestine in the paracolostomy openingCONCLUSION. The results of treatment of parastomal hernias in our clinic were largely disappointing. Some success can be noted only in the treatment of type III parastomal hernias.

The basis for the prevention of cancer is the correction of initial epigenetic disorders in the cell, i.e. implementation of pathological genome reversion. Convincing evidence has accumulated to support the potential antitumor activity of compounds derived from cruciferous vegetables of the genus Brassicaceae. Indole-3-carbinol and 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) have been investigated for their use as chemopreventive agents. DIM is formed in the acidic environment of the stomach as a result of dimerization of indole-3-carbinol monomers. Currently, it is impossible to identify a specific vector of influence of DIM at the molecular level. In this review, we summarize the pleiotropic effects of DIM aimed at correcting reversible epigenetic changes in tumor cells. Emphasis will be placed on the major cellular and molecular events that are effectively modulated by DIM. The main profile of DIM competencies concerns the management of intracellular signal transmission and correction of initial molecular genetic changes at the level of key participants in signaling pathways (NF-κB/Wnt/Akt/mTOR) leading to the development of cancer. The ability of DIM to differentially modulate tumor cell apoptosis has been observed in preclinical studies. It has been suggested that using DIM it is possible to increase the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic compounds with different molecular targets, thereby increasing chemosensitization. DIM has entered phase III clinical trials, with preliminary results confirming its promise both as a stand-alone drug and in combination with other components of anticancer therapy. Establishing the range of epigenetic control of DIM molecular and genetic changes in various cancers will allow optimization of therapeutic epigenetics approaches.

Purpose: to develop the main stages of planning the measures of engineering and environmental protection of water bodies – drainage water inlets from irrigated lands. Materials and methods. When developing the stages of planning the measures of engineering and environmental protection of water bodies, recommendations for assessing the environmental and economic efficiency of investment projects for agricultural land reclamation and methods for calculating environmental payments necessary to take into account the effectiveness of environmental protective measures were used. Results. Planning the measures of engineering and environmental protection of a water body can be conditionally divided into four stages. At the first stage, the comprehensive monitoring studies of the water system and agrolandscape in the river catchment basin are carried out. The second stage consists of conducting their comprehensive environmental assessment, including the calculation of such indicators as the combinatorial index of water pollution, the indicator of anthropogenic water body load, the total indicator of soil pollution, bottom deposits, the soil loss rate, the soil formation rate, soil salinization, sodium, magnesium alkalinization, as well as the calculation of cost environmental indicators. At the third stage, a set of measures for engineering and environmental protection of a water body is developed, and at the fourth, a quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of the proposed measures is carried out. Conclusion. Environmental indicators that quantitatively characterize the anthropogenic load on water bodies as a result of the irrigation system operation are proposed. A methodical approach is proposed and the main stages of planning the engineering and environmental protection of water bodies – drainage water inlets from irrigated lands are defined, consisting in a comprehensive assessment of all components of the agro-landscape with the subsequent development of engineering, agrotechnical, agroforestry and agrochemical measures that contribute to the formation of a favorable environmental situation in the river basin.

Introduction Congenital clubfoot is a frequent malformation of the lower extremities. However, the causes of this pathology in children are still unclear. The identification of the factors associated with congenital clubfoot is a relevant problem, the solution of which will allow a prenatal prevention of clubfoot in newborns thus reducing the number of patients with this pathology. Purpose The search for possible risk factors leading to a violation of foot development in the fetus and their significance in the occurrence of congenital clubfoot in children. Materials and methods The study was of retrospective nature and was carried out in pairs “Mother-Newborn”. It included examination of 149 children. The first group (n = 97) was compiled by the “Mother Newborn” pairs, in which the child had a typical form of congenital clubfoot; the second group (n = 52) were pairs in which the baby was healthy. The data obtained were processed using tables 2×2 and logistics regression. Results According to the results of the study, it was found that the greatest sensitivity and specificity of congenital clubfoot was associated with the external factor of nicotine dependence in pregnant women (SE = 0.32; SP = 0.90) and the factor of hereditarily burdened congenital foot pathology in close relatives (SE = 0.16; SP = 0.98). An acute respiratory viral infection in the anamnesis, anemia in a pregnant woman or toxicosis did not show statistically significant causal connection with the occurrence of congenital clubfoot according to the analysis using the method of logistics regression (р > 0.05) and they should not be used as prognostic ones. Discussion The data obtained by us on the paramount significance of the two “risk” factors of the congenital clubfoot development (nicotine dependence in a pregnant woman and hereditarily burdened disorder of congenital foot pathology among close relatives) were reflected only in a few scientific sources. Conclusion The risk factors of the greatest sensitivity, specificity and causal relationship with the congenital clubfoot development were associated with the adverse effects of the external factor of nicotine dependence during pregnancy and burdened heredity associated with congenital foot pathology in close relatives (р < 0.05).

Introduction The Ponseti method is the first choice for congenital clubfoot with the possibilities of transverse tenotomy being underexplored in repair of the Achilles tendon in pediatric patients. The objective was to identify specific features of the Achilles tendon repair after experimental transverse intersection and preserved peritenon, vessels and nerves of growing rabbits. Material and methods The experimental study included 20 Chinchilla rabbits of both sexes aged 1.0–1.5 months used as a biomodel with a weight of 1476.0 ± 114.3 g. Rabbits were sacrificed in groups of five by air embolism under local anesthesia at 15, 30, 60 and 90 days of surgery. Results The tendon defect zone was represented by small areas of dense fibrous scar tissue with some cellular fibroblasts, and tendon fibers of unremarkable architectonics arranged in a mutually parallel waves could be seen in the layers of connective tissue at 90 days. The thickness of the first-order collagen fibers increased to 8.9 ± 1.32 μm and comparison with the normal value of 9.2 ± 1.88 μm showed no statistically significant difference (p = 0.38). The thickness of the second-order collagen fibers increased to 28.1 ± 1.28 μm during the time, and comparison with the standard measurements of 28.3 ± 2.23 μm demonstrated no statistically significant difference (p = 0.64). Discussion According to the literature, the ability of the tenoblast to synthesize structural proteins and regulatory biomolecules after injury decreases with age and leads to fibrous restoration of the tendon and formation of a permanent scar. Our study on growing rabbits showed that the organotypic structure of the experimental tendon restored at the intersection site at 60 days with the Achilles tendon defect being represented by the tendon-like tissue at 90 days. Conclusion The Achilles tendon was shown to regenerate in optimal conditions after the dissection and preservation of the peritenon, vessels and nerves with tendon tissue being formed within a short time (3 months after the intervention) being identical to the original.

The article provides an analysis of modern methods of treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS). The only drug that has proven its effectiveness in all types of SPMS (with exacerbations and without exacerbations) is siponimod. Clinical trials of this drug have proven its efficacy and safety in this type of MS. If the drug is included in the list of high-cost technologies, this modern method of treating SPMS can be made available to all patients who need it.

Abstract Human tissue transglutaminase (tTG) is an intriguing multifunctional enzyme involved in various diseases, including celiac disease and neurological disorders. Although a number of tTG inhibitors have been developed, the molecular determinants governing ligand binding remain incomplete due to the lack of high-resolution structural data in the vicinity of its active site. In this study, we obtained the complete high-resolution model of tTG by in silico methods based on available PDB structures. We discovered significant differences in the active site architecture between our and known tTG models, revealing an additional loop which affects the ligand binding affinity. We assembled a library of new potential tTG inhibitors based on the obtained complete model of the enzyme. Our library substantially expands the spectrum of possible drug candidates targeting tTG and encompasses twelve molecular scaffolds, eleven of which are novel and exhibit higher binding affinity then already known ones, according to our in silico studies. The results of this study open new directions for structure-based drug design of tTG inhibitors, offering the complete protein model and suggesting a wide range of new compounds for further experimental validation.

Objective: to determine the current state of the digital financial assets market and the prospects for its development.Methods: the work uses comparative-logical methods, analysis, synthesis, comparative analysis in terms of comparing the theoretical aspects of the DFA market and the practical use of this technology; SWOT-analysis, the method of expert assessments.Results: in the era of digitalization of many economic processes, one of the key trends of financial markets is tokenization of assets. At the same time, there is a lack of a high-quality institutional system for managing digital financial assets. The authors identified the DFA market development trends, analyzed the market current state, researched the published scientific works and prepared a brief literature review, made a SWOT-analysis of the DFA market, and identified the advantages, potential and threats to this market development in Russia. The paper identifies trends in the DFA market development, taking into account the existing risks. This is relevant for investors when planning investments and selecting DFAs as an investment object, to diversify the investment portfolio.Scientific novelty: a narrative analysis of the digital financial assets market development was carried out. A comparative analysis of digital financial assets and traditional financial instruments was performed. The main regulatory solutions to the infrastructural problems were identified, that are necessary for the development of digital financial assets. The presented SWOT-analysis served as a basis for the formation of the author’s view DFA-technologies development in the country, which is relevant for researchers of regulatory aspects, system unification and harmonization of the regulatory framework and socio-economic relations.Practical significance: the study analyzed the volume of DFA issues and identified their most common types. DFA issuers, operators as organizers of DFA issues, and investors can use the study results to make decisions in activities using digital assets.

According to the recent studies bezylcarboxamide fragment attached to the thiophene ring of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine is beneficial for antimicrobial activity of the compounds. Therefore we focused our efforts on constructing of the simple molecules such as N-(benzyl)-5-methyl-4-oxo-3,4-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxamides to get deeper insight into their antimicrobial activity. As the optimal procedure for preparation of target compounds we choose 1,1’-carbonyldiimidazole promoted interaction of 5-methyl-4-oxo-3,4-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid with the series of substituted benzyl amines. The obtained amides showed good activity against the strains of S. aureus and B. subtilis, which was higher for the derivative without substituents in benzene ring or the compounds with small substituents like methyl or methoxyl groups in the para-position of the benzene ring. Docking studies showed that despite the good values of the scoring functions, the conformational analysis of the ligands’ poses in the active site revealed their ability for only partial inhibition of TrmD of P. aeruginosa.

Abstract Understanding the distribution and biodiversity of marine species is crucial for developing effective conservation strategies and maintaining the health of global ecosystems. Advancements in molecular data utilization have significantly improved our understanding of biodiversity within the genus Terebellides. In this study, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis on polychaete samples from the Kandalaksha Bay, White Sea, revealing their affiliation with a putative undescribed species of the genus Terebellides found in two locations of the North Sea. Interestingly, this species was not detected in the Norwegian and Barents Seas, leading us to propose a disjunct distribution scenario for this Terebellides species. This unique distribution pattern might be attributed to the succession of polychaetes by new species, facilitated by the Gulf Stream and a climate change role in driving shifts in species' ranges and altering marine ecosystem dynamics.

Relevance. The search for a useful application of carbonaceous residues of rice husks thermal processing. These residues due to high silicon content in the inorganic part can potentially be used to produce silicon carbide – an important functional material for various fields of science and technology. Useful utilization of this waste will allow not only solving the environmental problem associated with their inefficient application and formal disposal, but also obtaining value-added products in the form of SiC-based ceramics. Aim. To obtain SiC-based bulk products from carbonaceous residues of rice husk thermal processing by spark plasma sintering with a minimum number of additional stages of feedstock processing. Objects. SiC-based bulk products obtained using carbonaceous residues of rice husk thermal processing. The samples were obtained by spark plasma sintering at 1800 °C, pressure of 60 MPa and holding time of 10 minutes. Methods. Spark plasma sintering; X-ray diffractometry (X-ray phase analysis); scanning electron microscopy; vacuumless arc discharge synthesis method. Results. The authors have carried out the experimental studies to assess the possibility of applying carbonaceous residue of rice husk thermal processing as a precursor for the synthesis of silicon carbide in bulk (ceramics) and dispersed (powder) forms. A series of experiments on spark plasma sintering of carbonaceous residue from rice husk thermal processing in the initial and milled form, with SiO2 silica sand additives, as well as with the use of silicon carbide powders synthesized from carbonaceous residue by vacuumless arc discharge method were implemented. The latter is performed within a one-stage fast-flowing process in an air environment and does not require the use of a vacuum system. Preliminary results demonstrated the possibility of obtaining bulk products and dispersed powders based on silicon carbide with a content of at least 50 and 60 wt %, respectively, and indicate the prospects of further increasing phase purity by optimizing spark plasma sintering and vacuumless arc discharge synthesis.

Neuropathic pain affects 7 % of the general population worldwide, it is often resistant to analgesic treatments and is complicated with depressive states in 57–65 % of this patients’ cohort. Ongoing research of current therapeutic approaches, including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) use in neuropathic pain and depression, grants new data about the details of treatment protocols’ designs. The aim of our literature review was to evaluate those parameters of the treatment protocols which proved significant efficacy in the management of the neuropathic pain with comorbid depression.Focusing on the Scopus, Elsevier and PubMed databases search, we have found 639 peer‑review articles. 23 studies have been included into the data analysis, whereas others were excluded based on their heterogeneous study design. Across the data analysis we evaluated such rTMS parameters as the type of a coil, type of stimulation area, locus of gained evoked motor potential, amplitude of stimulation, duration of session, frequency/number of sessions per day/month, tie duration between sessions, number and frequency of trains, amount and frequency of pulses containing and efficacy of treatment. Those studies that performed repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation using the figure‑of‑8 coil over the M1 brain area, for 10 or more daily sessions with duration from 7 up to 40 minutes, of 10–20 Hz frequency, intensity 80–90 % of resting motor threshold and total pulses number over 1500 per session demonstrated the greater efficacy in pain level decrease and depression scores reduction among neuropathic pain patients with comorbid depression. Conducting an additional maintenance phase of treatment prolonged the therapeutic effect of the course.Based on the data review, the parameters of the most efficient rTMS protocols’ designs in management of patients with neuropathic pain and comorbid depression have been revealed. Further research requires investigation of other promising indicators of rTMS efficacy use in neuropathic pain with comorbid depression, such as stimulation over multiple brain areas, the duration/timing of additional maintenance phase of treatment, and the figure‑of‑8 coil orientation options.

Abstract Proteorhodopsins (PRs), bacterial light-driven outward proton pumps comprise the first discovered and largest family of rhodopsins, they play a significant role in life on the Earth. A big remaining mystery was that up-to-date there was no described bacterial rhodopsins pumping protons at acidic pH despite the fact that bacteria live in different pH environment. Here we describe conceptually new bacterial rhodopsins which are operating as outward proton pumps at acidic pH. A comprehensive function-structure study of a representative of a new clade of proton pumping rhodopsins which we name “mirror proteorhodopsins”, from Sphingomonas paucimobilis (SpaR) shows cavity/gate architecture of the proton translocation pathway rather resembling channelrhodopsins than the known rhodopsin proton pumps. Another unique property of mirror proteorhodopsins is that proton pumping is inhibited by a millimolar concentration of zinc. We also show that mirror proteorhodopsins are extensively represented in opportunistic multidrug resistant human pathogens, plant growth-promoting and zinc solubilizing bacteria. They may be of optogenetic interest.

Objective: to analyze the transforming socio-economic relations of the new “digital normality”, to which end the task is solved of bringing into line the terminology used in business turnover between various participants in the digital assets market, in the practical financial activities of economic entities arising in a specific territory, in a certain legal field, and contained in the recommendatory technical documentation (standards).Methods: the article uses systematic and analytical approaches, logical and comparative methods.Results: despite the active use of distributed ledger technologies, theory and practice are currently characterized by a large number of legal and business definitions describing the organization of business processes in this area. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, the meaning of various terms of the digital economy was studied. In the course of studying technical terminology, such concepts as a distributed ledger, network nodes, blockchain, etc. were defined. The analysis of financial and economic terms is based on fintech definitions, such as digital asset, cryptocurrency, digital currency, digital financial asset, token, etc. The terms of the digital economy are considered from the perspective of so-called tokenomics, including such as token ecosystem, DLT user, DLT platform, decentralized application, etc.Scientific novelty: the terminology obtained was structured as a theoretical basis with a specification for the digital asset market and use in financial market reform.Practical significance: this review has been prepared: 1) to systematically familiarize the professional community with existing trends; 2) to harmonize socio-economic relations by developing common local recommendations (standards); 3) to develop the market for digital assets produced using distributed ledger technologies through understanding basic concepts.

The development of machine intelligence and the application of generative images created using it is a promising area of communication design and humanmachine interaction. This letter to the editor represents the authors vision of the use of generative images for diagnosing human conditions. The use of machine intelligence as an interactive and intelligent diagnostic tool will allow a psychologist and a physician to effectively complement the therapeutic processes of controlled interactions of their users. Libraries of models and sets of applications with text-to-image algorithms are already available that can be used by engineers and designers in the process of creating objects of modern digital art. They can also be applied in the investigation of new paradigms using visual communications and their application in experimental diagnostics.

Aim. Based on the results of a sociological survey of patients, to assess quality and availability of health care for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in 2020-2021 in the Russian Federation.Material and methods. In August-September 2021, 5159 patients with CVDs from 76 Russian regions were interviewed. Questionnaire (Google form) assessed the change in health care provision over the past two years, the availability of medicine provision, the prevalence and reasons for discontinuation of treatment, as well as the difficulties faced by patients.Results. Improvement in health care provision were assessed by 47,6% of the surveyed patients with CVD, worsening — by 16,6%, and 23,7% did not noted any changes. Improvements regarded diagnosis promptness (29%) and timeliness of treatment (28,5%), availability of subsidized medicines (25%) and better patient routing (21%). However, 37% of respondents did not see any improvements in health care system, or found it difficult to answer. The acute problem of access to diagnostics was considered by 24%, inaccessibility of subsidized medicines — by 17%. In addition, 24% of respondents had difficulties in obtaining specialized cardiology care in the polyclinic and 18% had difficulty in obtaining high-quality medical rehabilitation for CVD.Conclusion. In order to increase public satisfaction with the quality of care, public awareness on health maintenance and patients’ rights to receive care should be improved. In addition, possible barriers to obtaining health care should be eliminated, while consultative and diagnostic assistance and subsidized drug provision should be facilitated for receiving.

Abstract Despite remarkable progress, mainly due to the development of LCP and ‘bicelle’ crystallization, lack of structural information remains a bottleneck in membrane protein (MP) research. A major reason is the absence of complete understanding of the mechanism of crystallization. Here we present small-angle scattering studies of the evolution of the “bicelle” crystallization matrix in the course of MP crystal growth. Initially, the matrix corresponds to liquid-like bicelle state. However, after adding the precipitant, the crystallization matrix transforms to jelly-like state. The data suggest that this final phase is composed of interconnected ribbon-like bilayers, where crystals grow. A small amount of multilamellar phase appears, and its volume increases concomitantly with the volume of growing crystals. We suggest that the lamellar phase surrounds the crystals and is critical for crystal growth, which is also common for LCP crystallization. The study discloses mechanisms of “bicelle” MP crystallization and will support rational design of crystallization.

The article is devoted to the study of the essence and various consequences of the shadow economy. The most significant feature of the shadow economy is the fact that it has a significant negative impact on the economy of the region, country and/or economic unions. It is worth noting the fact that quite successful work has been carried out to combat the shadow economy for quite a long time, all the same, the threats emanating from it remain quite high. Based on the results of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that it is necessary to further improve the work of state bodies and business structures aimed at working together to counter the shadow economy.

In modern economic and political conditions, the main task of Russia is to fully realize its foreign economic potential, which means an increase in the efficiency of foreign economic transit. The development of the logistics potential of the Russian Federation is of paramount importance not only for the transport area of the state, but also for geopolitics, the economy in general, and the social sphere.For a progressive increase in economic indicators in the freight transit of the Russian Federation, there is one «bottleneck» — at present, the state of the transport infrastructure — in most regions of Russia, it is completely impossible to ensure the necessary efficiency of transit freight traffic, thus there is a need to competently form the transport and logistics infrastructure and clearly identify where problems may arise and prepare the necessary solutions in advance.

To date, the association of an imbalance of the intestinal microbiota with various human diseases, including both diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and disorders of the immune system, has been shown. However, despite the huge amount of accumulated data, many key questions still remain unanswered. Given limited data on the composition of the gut microbiota in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) from different parts of Siberia, as well as the lack of data on the gut microbiota of patients with bronchial asthma (BA), the aim of the study was to assess the biodiversity of the gut microbiota of patients with IBS, UC and BA in comparison with those of healthy volunteers (HV). In this study, a comparative assessment of the biodiversity and taxonomic structure of gut microbiome was conducted based on the sequencing of 16S rRNA genes obtained from fecal samples of patients with IBS, UC, BA and volunteers. Sequences of the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes types dominated in all samples studied. The third most common in all samples were sequences of the Proteobacteria type, which contains pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria. Sequences of the Actinobacteria type were, on average, the fourth most common. The results showed the presence of dysbiosis in the samples from patients compared to the sample from HVs. The ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes was lower in the IBS and UC samples than in HV and higher the BA samples. In the samples from patients with intestinal diseases (IBS and UC), an increase in the proportion of sequences of the Bacteroidetes type and a decrease in the proportion of sequences of the Clostridia class, as well as the Ruminococcaceae, but not Erysipelotrichaceae family, were found. The IBS, UC, and BA samples had signif icantly more Proteobacteria sequences, including Methylobacterium, Sphingomonas, Parasutterella, Halomonas, Vibrio, as well as Escherichia spp. and Shigella spp. In the gut microbiota of adults with BA, a decrease in the proportion of Roseburia, Lachnospira, Veillonella sequences was detected, but the share of Faecalibacterium and Lactobacillus sequences was the same as in healthy individuals. A signif icant increase in the proportion of Halomonas and Vibrio sequences in the gut microbiota in patients with BA has been described for the f irst time.

The paper gives information on the invasion of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) into the north of the European part of Russia. The Asian ladybird is recorded for the first time from the Novgorod and Yaroslavl Regions. All records of this alien species from European Russia and the Northern Caucasus are listed.

All existing companies today want not only to remain in the service market, but also to gain a foothold in it, and methodically develop from year to year. And in the modern world, this is simply impossible to imagine without corporate intelligence. Those firms that did not realize this in time simply went bankrupt or their business does not develop, and economic indicators remain in one place from year to year. Today, there is a wide variety of ways of business intelligence in the world. All types of competitive intelligence can be divided into two large groups: direct and indirect business intelligence. Let’s look at each of them in more detail. A separate subspecies is business intelligence, which can relate to both indirect and direct intelligence, depending on the surrounding circumstances.

23 children diagnosed with acute infectious mononucleosis were hospitalized and examined after a short prednisolone treatment course. Related interferon status during infection was compared with that in 38 patients with acute infectious mononucleosis receiving no hormone therapy. Interferon status was investigated by Ershov method, allowing to estimate amount of interferon in the blood serum samples or patient blood cell culture by assessing interferon biological activity. Along with measuring IFNα or IFNγ biological activity, their level was quantified by using enzyme immunoassay. Immunological examination conducted on the next day after the end of hormone therapy revealed sharply decreased potential of patient blood cells to produce both IFNα and IFNγ. The multiplicity of IFNα and IFNγ titer reduction in various patients varied by 4–5 and 3–4-fold, respectively. The concentration of IFNα, determined by ELISA, decreased by 4–6-fold, whereas for IFNγ — by 1.5–2-fold. A follow-up examination 1 month after discharge from the clinic showed that mean IFNα titer in children aged 3–6 years and treated with prednisolone was significantly reduced compared to the baseline, whereas most patients receiving no hormone therapy had normal IFNα production. The change in the level of IFNα 1 month after hormone therapy in 7–14-year age group was similar. IFNγ production quickly recovered, and 1 month after discharge from the clinic, its concentration in culture supernatants from patients reached 10–15 ng/ml, exceeding normal values more than twice. The biological activity of IFNγ in these culture supernatants was significantly higher than those immediately after hormone therapy, whereas in 3–6-year-old group of patients it was also higher than baseline level. These results can serve as a laboratory justification for including recombinant IFNα-2b drugs in the therapy of such patients, presumably immediately after the end of hormone course. Overall, laboratory justified administration of interferon preparations seems to be necessary to determine optimal timepoint for applying such drugs to increase effectiveness for achieving a durable patient recovery.

Aim. To synthesize, study the antimicrobial activity and suggest antimicrobial activity mechanism for the novel derivatives of 6-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-methylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one. Results and discussion. As the result of the targeted modification of 6-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-methylthieno[2,3-d]-pyrimidin-4(3H)-one in position 3 with acetamide and 1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-ylmethyl substituents, the compounds, which demonstrated better antimicrobial activity in the agar well diffusion assay than the reference drug Streptomycin, were obtained. To elucidate the mechanism of action of the novel compounds, the docking studies were conducted to the active site of the 16S subunit of ribosomal RNA, the proven target for aminoglycoside antibiotics, as well as tRNA (Guanine37-N1)-methyltransferase (TrmD), which inhibitors were considered as a new potential class of antibiotics. Experimental part. By the interaction of 6-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-methylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one with a series of N-arylchloroacetamides and 3-aryl-5-(chloromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazoles in DMF in the presence of K2CO3 the target compounds were obtained. The antimicrobial activity was assessed by the agar well diffusion method. The concentration of microbial cells was determined by the McFarland standard; the value was 10^7 cells in 1 mL of the media. The 18–24 hour culture of microorganisms was used for tests. For the bacteria cultivation, Müller-Hinton agar was used, Sabouraud agar was applied for C. albicans cultivation. The compounds were tested as the DMSO solution with the concentration of 100 µg/mL; the volume of the solution was 0.3 mL, the same volume was used for Streptomycin (the concentration 30 µg/mL). The docking studies were performed using Autodock Vina. Crystallographic data for the complexes of Streptomycin with the 16S subunit of ribosomal RNA (1NTB) and its active site, as well as for tRNA (Guanine37-N1)-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.228; TrmD) (5ZHN) and its active site were obtained from the Protein Data Bank. Conclusions. It has been determined that 2-[6-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-methyl-4-oxothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3(4H)-yl]-N-[4-(ethoxy)phenyl]acetamide, which is the most active as an antimicrobial agent among the compounds tested, also shows the best binding activity towards the active site of tRNA (guanine37-N1)-methyltransferase.

Management of patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) remains one of the most challenging tasks of modern neurology. Patients with SPMS present with more severe neurological symptoms, increased hospitalization frequency, pronounced cognitive impairment in most of them, and a higher level of fatigue than patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). Another unfavorable course of MS is primary progressive MS (PPMS) when there is a steady increase in neurological disorders from the very beginning of the disease.Objective: to compare medical and social characteristics and changes in quality of life (QoL) indexes in patients with PPMS and SPMS.Patients and methods. In total, 437 patients with PPMS from 19 constituent entities of the Russian Federation and 500 patients with SPMS from 15 Russian Federation regions were interviewed using the original medical and social questionnaire. At the same time, we studied the QoL of patients with PPMS and SPMS using the specific MusiQoL questionnaire.Results and discussion. Among the patients with PPMS, 54.3% were women and 45.7% – men. In patients with SPMS, women predominated (66.3% of women and 33.7% of men – the ratio was almost 2: 1). The degree of disability and the severity of the disease were higher in SPMS than in PPMS. The family continues to be the primary aid source in everyday life for patients with MS: 75–80% of patients who need such support receive it from their significant others. More patients with SPMS indicated a deterioration in their health status over the last year (70%, while among patients with PPMS – 55%). More patients with PPMS received outpatient care (82.1% compared to 64.7% in SPMS; p=0.01). Immobility and SPMS treatment problems were the main reasons for decreased outpatient care in patients with SPMS. Less than half of patients with SPMS (43.8%) and 62% of patients with PPMS received inpatient treatment. According to neurologists reports, there is a major problem in providing MS centers with effective drugs to treat both disease courses. When QoL was assessed, we found more profound changes in SPMS concerning both QoL's psychological and physical components. Only recently, a new drug, siponimod, has been approved for the treatment of SPMS. The lack of effective treatment formed the basis of negative attitudes towards the health care system in SPMS.Conclusion. QoL changes reflect the patient's attitude to his condition. The introduction of new drugs for the pathogenetic treatment of SPMS (siponimod) will improve the QoL indicators in SPMS.

The problem of an adequate choice of a treatment method in multiple sclerosis (MS) remains one of the most urgent in modern neurology. The number of patients and the cost of drugs are increasing, leading to an increased MS societal burden. However, treatment costs can be reduced due to the introduction of generic drugs, including domestic ones, which price is significantly lower.Objective: to assess the attitude of Russian patients to the reproduced disease modifying therapies (DMTs) and features influencing an attitude to the replacement from the original to the reproduced drug.Patients and methods. We interviewed 300 patients from six regions of the Russian Federation, receiving interferon beta-1a 44 μg, interferon beta-1b, glatiramer acetate, and teriflunomide, who had an experience of switching from an original drug to a domestic biosimilar drug or generic not earlier than 2009.Results and discussion. The majority of patients (63%) do not notice any changes due to drug replacement from the original to the generic one, some (28%) experience a deterioration in their well-being, and others (7%) experience an improvement in their condition. Young patients (up to 30 years) are relatively less likely to notice a deterioration in well-being after drug replacement. The clinical deterioration after drug replacement is much more often experienced by the patients whose drug was replaced in a pharmacy (74% of cases) and not by the attending clinician (only 54% of cases of deterioration). The majority (87%) of patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) did not interrupt the treatment after replacement; 13% of respondents reported that they had stopped taking the drug. Among them, there were much more patients whose drug was replaced in a pharmacy, and not due to clinician recommendation (more than 80% of such cases). Adverse reactions to a new drug are another reason for drug withdrawal (20% of all withdrawals). Patients receiving interferon beta-1b have a higher negative attitude towards domestic DMTs: 52% of the respondents gave negative feedback (compared to 20–35% in other groups). Relatively higher loyalty to Russian DMTs was observed in patients receiving interferon beta-1a (20% of negative feedback, which is noticeably lower than in other groups) and teriflunomide (a relatively higher proportion of positive feedback to Russian drugs – 25% compared to 11–16% in other groups). The majority (76%) of the respondents noted that they are interested in learning more about the development and registration of new Russian drugs.Conclusion. The majority of RRMS patients do not tend to have a negative attitude towards Russian DMTs. Consequently, the proportion of ratings in favor of Russian DMTs exceeds the weight of ratings against them. The key priority in the formation of loyalty to Russian DMTs should be changing the perception of adverse reactions. This will significantly increase the adherence to therapy and the quality of the provided treatment.

The article presents the results of the discussion of the use of anti-B-cell therapy in multiple sclerosis (MS). These cells play a significant role in immunoregulation in MS, not only by producing antibodies to myelin antigens after transformation into plasma cells, but also by presenting the antigen to T cells, producing activation cytokines, and forming laminar follicles. The article provides an expert consensus statement on different drugs of this class in the MS treatment. In addition, the possibilities of determining the disease prognosis for the initially correct treatment choice are highlighted. Undoubtedly, there is a need for confirmation of the MS diagnosis, possible stratification of patients into different risk groups, and evaluation of the response to therapy. Potential additional research methods included evoked potentials and optical coherence tomography, baseline vitamin D3 level as a prognostic marker of the disease course, neurofilament levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid to confirm neuron damage. However, it takes much time to study, determine the methodology, reference values, and develop a single standard approach to identify and implement a biomarker, which should then be implemented in routine clinical practice.

Abstract Two-component systems (TCS) are widespread signaling systems present in all domains of life. TCS typically consist of a signal receptor/transducer and a response regulator. The receptors (histidine kinases, chemoreceptors and photoreceptors) are often embedded in the membrane and have a similar modular structure. Chemoreceptors were shown to function in highly ordered arrays, with trimers of dimers being the smallest functional unit. However, much less is known about photoreceptors. Here, we use small-angle scattering (SAS) to show that detergent-solubilized sensory rhodopsin II in complex with its cognate transducer forms dimers at low salt concentration, which associate into trimers of dimers at higher buffer molarities. We then fit an atomistic model of the whole complex into the SAS data. The obtained results suggest that the trimer of dimers is "tripod"-shaped and that the contacts between the dimers occur only through their cytoplasmic regions, whereas the transmembrane regions remain unconnected.

The manuscript demonstrates the structure and the mechanical behavior of a material manufactured by multilayer arc deposition. Three-dimensional printing was performed using OK Autrod 13.14 wire on a substrate of heat-resistant 12Cr1MoV steel in the standard gas metal arc welding (GMAW) mode and in the coldArc mode with reduced heat input. The printed materials have 40–45% higher strength and 50–70% lower ductility compared to the substrate. The microhardness of the printed materials is higher than the substrate, but it is reduced at the transition regions between the deposited layers. These regions have been studied using optical microscopy and digital image correlation. Such layer boundaries are an additional factor in reducing the plasticity of the material. The increase in strength and decrease in ductility for printed materials compared to the ferrite–pearlitic substrate is associated with a high cooling rate and the formation of a mixture of acicular and allotriomorphic ferrite, which have higher hardness. The structure of the obtained layers along the height is non-uniform and undergoes changes during the deposition of new layers. The main difference between the 3D printing modes is the reduced heat input in the coldArc mode, which results in less heat accumulation and faster cooling of the wall. Thus, a more dispersed and solid structure was formed compared with GMAW. It was concluded that the cooling rate and the level of heat input are the main factors affecting the structure formation (martensitic, bainitic, or ferritic), the height and quality of the surface, and the mechanical properties of the printed wall.

The opinion of Russian experts on the possibility of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is presented. The authors of the consensus, based on an analysis of a large number of domestic and foreign guidelines, conclude that it is possible to use killed and inactivated vaccines. Preliminary recommendations are given for COVID-19 vaccination, taking into account the MS disease modifying therapies.

For the first time, the wet deposition and washout rates of soluble forms of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) were estimated in rains during the spring AeroRadCity experiment in Moscow. Rains are an important factor in reducing atmospheric pollution with PTEs in Moscow. Due to the resuspension of contaminated particles of road dust and urban soils, industrial and traffic impact, waste and biomass burning, rainwater is highly enriched in Sb, Pb, Se, Cd, and S, and less enriched in P, Ba, As, W, Mn, Sn, Na, Co, Ni, and Be. Significant wet deposition (μg/m2 per event) and washout rates (μg/m2 per hour) of PTEs were revealed during the public holidays in May which corresponded to the elevated aerosol content due to predominant air advection from southern and south-western regions in this period. During continuous rains, the level of PTEs wet deposition sharply decreases on the second and subsequent days due to the active below-cloud washout of aerosols during the initial precipitation events. We show that the length of the dry period and aerosol content before the onset of rain determines the amount of solid particles in rainwater, which leads to an increase in rainwater pH, and strongly affects wet deposition and washout rates of PTEs of mainly anthropogenic origin (W, Zn, Bi, Cd, Sb, Ni, B, S, K, and Cu). At the same time rainfall intensity contributes to an increase in wet deposition and washout rates of Se, As, B, Cu, Sb, S, Cd, Ba, Rb, and K. The obtained results provide a better understanding of atmospheric deposition processes and can be useful in assessing the urban environmental quality.

Objective Search for the relationship between innate immunity and bone and cartilage metabolism in patients with developmental dislocation of the hip (DDH). Material and methods The study included 27 patients with DDH who underwent reduction of the hip at pediatric orthopaedic department of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Privolzhsky Research Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. The patients aged 15.0 ± 1.7 months. The study enrolled the babies diagnosed with grades III, IV, V unilateral or bilateral DDH as classified by M.V. Volkov, 1978. Patients with hip dysplasia (grade I DDH) or congenital hip subluxation (grade II DDH) were excluded from the study. The control group consisted of 15 patients without musculoskeletal pathology. The mean patients' age was 24.0 ± 1.8 months. Peripheral blood monocytes, toll-like receptor (TLR2, TLR4, TLR5) expression, serum concentrations of fibroblast growth factors (FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), serum magnesium, type I, II collagen and aggrecan were measured in patients of major and control groups. Results DDH patients showed statistically significant differences in all the parameters measured except for the type 2 collagen with decrease in peripheral blood monocyte and increase in TLR2 and TLR5 expression, slight increase in the serum magnesium with decreased concentration of aggrecan and increased FGF level. There was a two-fold decrease in VEGF level and a two-fold increase in type I collagen concentration. There were moderate significant correlations for monocyte matches TLR2 and TLR2 – TLR5 in major group. Three main factors detected with factor analysis included (1) monocytes, TLR2 and TLR5 as most meaningful, (2) FGF and type 2 collagen and (3) aggrecan. Conclusion The findings suggested that specific factors of innate immunity can be involved in the pathogenesis of DDH. Toll receptors regulate many metabolic pathways and connective tissue metabolism, More studies are needed to further explore this topic.

The process of neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS) remains an urgent problem of modern neurology; from the point of view of its therapy, it is especially important to identify this condition during the transition to secondary progression. This paper reflects the opinion of the Council of Leading MS Experts on the early detection of secondary progressive MS and its diagnostic tools, including the use of new online questionnaires. Special attention is paid to the concept of clinical progression verification using the indicator of the confirmed progression of disability and to the prospect for introducing siponimod (Kiendra® ) into clinical practice for the treatment of patients with secondary progressive MS.

The article analyzes the world experience in the field of security. The existing experience, the possibility of its use in modern conditions in Russia is analyzed. Analysis of foreign experience has shown that the current state of transport security requires serious study and clearer measures, but they are not possible without improving legal regulation and without introducing modern technologies.

Mediation as an alternative method of conflict resolution has increasingly become the subject of numerous studies. Due to its interdisciplinary nature, mediation can be viewed from the perspective of different sciences. This article analyzes the economic component of the mediator’s role as a key figure in the negotiation process and offers a phenomenological model of economic risks in dispute resolution with his participation.

Life does not stand still, it is constantly evolving. Digitalization has affected absolutely all spheres of human activity, especially in various industries. The transport and logistics area was no exception, which every year is more and more susceptible to this phenomenon. The article analyzes the trends in the development of transport and logistics in the context of digitalization.

Small and medium-sized enterprises are the drivers of economic development of any macro-system. In the context of technological paradigm shift, successful operation of small and medium-sized enterprises largely depends on innovations. Therefore, it is advisable to examine innovative behaviour of these firms. The study aims to analyse the innovative behaviour of small and medium-sized enterprises of an industrial region, assess the funding of innovation activities, and identify factors that determine the innovation policy of small and medium-sized firms. Additionally, the paper suggests how state and municipal authorities can stimulate the innovative development of small and medium-sized enterprises. The initial data were the results of a survey of representatives of small and medium-sized enterprises in a Russian industrial region, which was conducted from May to September 2019 in the Sverdlovsk region. I interviewed 157 small and medium-sized enterprise managers in the Sverdlovsk region from various sectors of economic activity. The applied methods include in-depth interviews with managers, the statistical analysis method, and the logical systematic approach. The conducted research allowed identifying the features of the innovative behaviour of small and medium-sized firms in the Sverdlovsk region. Based on the analysis of the reasons for the low innovation activity of small and medium-sized enterprises, I developed recommendations for its improvement in the Sverdlovsk region. To solve the problem of low innovation activity in an industrial region, it is necessary for state and municipal authorities to stimulate innovative behaviour of small and medium-sized firms. Managers of small and medium-sized enterprises can use the obtained results to increase their activity. State and municipal authorities can apply the findings to develop programmes stimulating innovative behaviour of small and medium-sized enterprises.

Aim. To reveal the prospects of the search of novel medicinal substances based on the studies of the derivatives of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine with the carboxylic groups as the substituents in the pyrimidine ring using the analysis of the published literature data. Results and discussion. The study has shown a wider range of the pharmacological activity of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2-carboxylic acid derivatives compared to thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acids, as well as their availability, despite the fact that the number of preparative methods for the synthesis of these substances is rather limited. The most popular method is cyclization of 2-aminothiophene-3-carboxylic acids with ethyl cyanoformate. On the other hand, thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid derivatives are presented in even fewer studies and are poorly studied; many of them are difficult to be synthesized and practically are not found in the pharmacological patent literature. Conclusions. The literature data analysis has revealed the small number of efficient synthetic methods suitable for preparation of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines with the carboxylic groups as the substituents in the pyrimidine ring, as well as their low availability for the pharmacological studies. It is also noteworthy that the derivatives of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acids are even less studied than the related compounds of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2-carboxylic acid series, and therefore, more attention should be paid to them as the objects for experimental chemistry and pharmacology. Received: 12.08.2020 Revised: 23.09.2020 Accepted: 08.10.2020

The purpose of the article is to analyze the future state of legal issues connected to the use of digital assets after the adoption of the Federal Law “On digital financial assets, digital currency ...” in the Russian Federation. Results: The main areas of application are highlighted for digital financial assets in the form of shares on blockchain and digital bills of exchange. The authors conclude that the new Law introduces significant restrictions, but at the same time opens up certain opportunities for business development in operations with digital financial assets. It is seen that the terminology used in the Law does not always correspond to the concepts and standards established in international legal and business practice. Practical significance: Recommendations made in this article may be useful in practice for the exchange operator of digital financial assets, the operator of the information system, and other subjects working in the innovative infrastructure when planning activities in the field of regulation of the Law and in dealing directly with digital financial assets. To harmonize activities with digital financial assets, the legislator and the regulator, represented by the Bank of Russia, can also use the practice-oriented approaches described by the authors.

The need for optimal treatment of the active forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), especially highly active MS (HAMS), poses a number of difficult problems for specialists, including not only the choice of a highly effective disease-modifying drug for MS (DMDMS), but also conditions for the timely and safe switching from other DMDMS. A group of expert neurologists from various clinics in Russia presents a consensus on the practical aspects of switching patients with HAMS from other DMDMS to cladribine tablets, which has been registered in Russia in March 2020. The paper discusses indications for changing therapy and gives indications, contraindications, and conditions for initiating cladribine therapy. It details the procedure and results of the expert consensus, on the basis of which the recommendations have been developed to switch to cladribine tablets from each of the DMDMS registered in Russia for the treatment of MS.

Corporate intelligence — this term has only recently appeared in our country, but it is already widely used in business. And even managed to acquire stereotypes: some consider corporate intelligence analogous to industrial espionage, others imagine it as a game of office workers in « James Bond», and the rest do not understand why it is needed in the enterprise.Corporate intelligence specialists analyze available information and check all market sources in order to make an assessment of all possible threats and risks to the business.

Currently, special attention is paid to timely treatment for active forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), especially for highly active MS (HAMS), in which there are ≥2 exacerbations and corresponding activity signs that are detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) regardless of previous therapy with MS-modifying drugs (MSMDs) or there is ≥1 exacerbation and corresponding activity signs revealed by MRI during therapy with other MSMDs. A group of expert neurologists from various clinics in Russia, who actively participate in the clinical trials of cladribine tablets in MS, presents a consensus on the practical aspects of using the tablets of cladribine registered in Russia in March 2020 for the treatment of patients with HAMS. The paper mentions the groups of patients in whom the drug, an examination before starting a therapy cycle, routes of administration, and dose, and a monitoring scheme during and after treatment cycles are indicated. This drug acts on the principle of selective immunoreconstitution and may occupy an important place in the treatment of HAMS.

The development of the speed of information exchange and data transfer require vendors to provide new technological solutions. The article discusses the development prospects and capabilities of 5th generation (5G) networks in such areas as industry, smart technologies, and transport.

Intestinal human microbiota is a dynamic system that is under the pressures of its host organism and external factors. Microbiota disruption caused by these factors can lead to severe diseases including inflammatory and oncological diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. One of the possible approaches in managing the intestinal microbiota is fecal microbiota transplantation (FT) – transfer of the microbiota from the stool of a healthy donor to the intestinal tract of a recipient patient. Currently, this procedure is recognized as an efficacious method to normalize the intestinal microbiota mainly in inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. In Russia, pilot studies of the effectiveness of FT in patients with ulcerative colitis have been conducted for several years, and these studies were started in Novosibirsk. The aim of this study was to assess the change of intestinal microbiome in 20 patients with ulcerative colitis after a single FT procedure. The main method is a comparative analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA sequence libraries constructed using fecal samples obtained from patients with ulcerative colitis before and after FT and sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform. The obtained results showed that FT led to an increase in average biodiversity in samples after FT compared to samples before FT; however, the difference was not significant. In the samples studied, the proportion of Firmicutes sequences, the major gastrointestinal microbiota of healthy people, was decreased (~32 % vs. >70 %), while the proportion of Proteobacteria sequences was increased (>9 % vs.

The article delves into the problems of the influence of digital technologies on intellectual performance. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that digital platforms underpin the innovative management mechanisms marked with a growing share of automation processes in the field of generation of knowledge and intellectual activity. One of such problems is the lack of unified methodological approaches to assessing the impact of digital technologies on intellectual performance. The methodological basis of the study includes strategic management theory and the principles of public and municipal governance. The research method is correlation analysis of the indicators of intellectual activity and the indicators of digital resources application. The information base of the research includes data on digital technologies application and the number of intellectual deliverables retrieved from the official website of the Federal State Statistics Service for the period of 2015–2017. Based on the theoretical analysis carried out, the authors conclude that the results of intellectual activity are the main tool for developing economic entities. We develop the weighted correlation coefficient of intellectual performance. This is an indicator that contains estimates of correlation coefficients of the results of intellectual activity and digital technologies, each of which has its own weighted coefficient. The study proves that digital technologies affect intellectual performance and their application increases the efficiency of intellectual activity.

The Development of economic crime occurred in Russia in the «dashing 90s», at the same time the first economic crimes are known in the era of ancient Rome and Egypt, and each era is somehow connected with new economic crimes that have their own characteristics and specificity. The problem of preventing crimes in the economic sphere is complex, requiring all third-party study in a specific period of time and countering them depends directly on the mechanisms that are currently in the state and law enforcement agencies.The article analyzes the peculiarity of the use of digital technologies aimed at combating economic crime.

6-Heteryl-5-methylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2,4(1H,3H)-diones are of great interest as the promising objects for the search of antibacterials. In this communication, we obtained 6-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-5-methyl-3-phenylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione by interaction of 6-(bromoacetyl)-5-methyl-3-phenylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione with 2-aminopyridine. The obtained heterocyclic hybrid was further modified by alkylation with 2-chloroarylacetamides. Antimicrobial activity studies for the synthesized compounds using the agar well diffusion method revealed their moderate activity against S. aureus, E. coli and B. subtilis. According to the double dilution assay MIC value results for 6-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-5-methyl-3-phenylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dioneagainst P. aeruginosa was less than the value determined for the reference drug streptomycin. The docking study of the synthesized compounds to the active site of TrmD isolated from P. aeruginosa did not show their effective inhibitory activity.

The Development of modern foreign economic activity and logistics has undergone major changes in the message of5 years. The main advantage of the blockchain platform is that users get a completely secure system in which there is no possibility of manipulation or falsification related to data transmission, and in the era of the digital economy this is a great achievement. The article discusses some aspects of the use of blockchain in foreign economic activity and logistics. The analysis of existing practices, typical errors and the possibility of their exclusion is made.