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734,735 results on '"P Paul"'

1. What have we learned about risk assessment and interventions to prevent work-related musculoskeletal disorders and support work participation?

Author

P Paul FM Kuijer, Sten van der Wilk, Bradley Evanoff, Eira Viikari-Juntura, and Pieter Coenen

Subjects
occupational exposure, musculoskeletal disorder, risk assessment, intervention, musculoskeletal disease, work participation, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health (SJWEH) was established half a century ago. This paper provides an overview of research on musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) published over these 50 years. Three themes are described: risk assessment, interventions to prevent work-related MSD, and interventions to support work participation. Finally, implications for future research are highlighted. METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed for all papers on MSD published in SJWEH. Each paper was coded on several criteria including research topic, type of MSD, risk factor(s), and number of citations. Findings were tabulated, and discussions within the author team defined the main results and future research directions. RESULTS: The search resulted in 1056 papers, of which 474 were included. The most reported-on MSD was low-back pain (LBP, 18%) and the most reported-on work-related risk factors were physically demanding work (14%) and psychosocial factors (12%). Research has contributed to improving case definitions, refining work-related exposure criteria, and recognizing the varying importance of physical and psychosocial factors across different MSD. Research on the association between work-related risk factors and LBP continues to emerge. Effective interventions for prevention of MSD are characterised by sufficient exposure reduction, while supporting work participation requires integrating health care, with multidisciplinary actions directed at factors involving the worker, employer, and workplace. CONCLUSION: Research has provided valuable insights into risk assessment, interventions for preventing work-related MSD, and supporting work participation. Intervention studies remain warranted and new areas include adopting whole-system approaches to prevent work-related MSD and promoting the concept of musculoskeletal health.

Published
2024
Full Text
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2. New Business and Urban Employment Opportunities.

Author

Temple Univ., Philadelphia, PA., McLennan, Kenneth, and Seidenstat, Paul

Abstract

In an examination of the geographic distribution of the urban demand for labor and its relationship with unemployment in Philadelphia, this study: (1) considers the potential contribution of new businesses in rehabilitating the ghettos, (2) examines the relative attractiveness of different parts of the city to various types of industries, and (3) presents a cross-sectional analysis of the industrial employment structure by geographic area. The study concludes that the city's slow employment growth has been due to a failure to compete with suburban areas for new industries, rather than inadequate growth in existing industries. A policy of attracting new industry is not considered feasible, because economic forces deter business expansion. The findings indicate that policies should be directed toward increasing the productivity and mobility of ghetto residents. Programs such as training and urban transit systems should be given priority. (BH)

Published
2024

3. Evaluation of Courses and Programs Offered Under the Auspices of Wayne State University and the University of Michigan at the University Center for Adult Education, Detroit, Michigan.

Author

Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Dept of Community and Adult Education. and Dada, Paul O. A.

Abstract

By use of interviews, questionnaires, and observation, the courses and programs offered by the University Center for Adult Education, in Detroit, were evaluated. The courses concerned Communication and Language Art, Environment, Practical Economics, Behavioral Science, Technology, Extension Courses, and Special Events. Evaluation findings show that the Center has failed to some degree in not directing its attention to courses that are job-oriented or problem solving. It is recommended that more energy be expended on the lower echelons of the population rather than on the upper or middle echelons. An additional recommendation is that a one or two days' orientation program for teachers of adults be planned. (DB)

Published
2024

4. WILMINGTON OPERATIONAL MATHEMATICS PROGRAM.

Author

Wilmington Public Schools, DE. and ROGLER, PAUL V.

Abstract

THIS PROJECT PROVIDES A PROGRAM FOR THE EDUCATION OF NINTH GRADE STUDENTS IN GENERAL MATHEMATICS. THE PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT IS (1) TO WRITE UNITS OF WORK THAT INCORPORATE PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS FROM THE EVENTS AND AFFAIRS OF URBAN LIFE, (2) TO SEEK OUT PROBLEMS FROM LOCAL INDUSTRY, AND (3) TO PROVIDE DIFFERENTIATED ACTIVITIES AND EXERCISES THAT APPEAL TO THE INTERESTS AND ABILITIES OF THE VARIETY OF STUDENTS THAT ARE FOUND IN NINTH GRADE GENERAL MATHEMATICS CLASSES. TO ACCOMPLISH THESE OBJECTIVES, THE DIRECTOR AND THREE TEACHERS WORKED TOGETHER FOR SIX WEEKS, WRITING UNITS ON (1) CARPENTRY, (2) MATHEMATICS IN SPORTS, (3) SCIENCE, (4) WORLD OF WORK, (5) PRACTICAL NURSING, (6) BUSINESS EXPERIENCE, (7) GEOMETRY, (8) SETS AND PROBABILITY, (9) A MODERN FACTORY, (10) TRAVEL, AND (11) ALGEBRA. EACH STUDENT IS PROVIDED WITH SUFFICIENT BASIC MATERIALS FOR USE AS NEEDED. TEACHERS' COPIES OF THE PROGRAM PROVIDE MANY TEACHING SUGGESTIONS AND A NUMBER OF TRANSPARENCIES FOR USE WITH THE UNITS. MATERIALS WERE PROVIDED FOR FIVE EXPERIMENTAL CLASSES AND ARE PRESENTLY IN USE. THE FIVE TEACHERS WHO ARE USING THE MATERIALS ARE MEETING PERIODICALLY DURING THE SCHOOL YEAR TO EVALUATE AND REWRITE THE UNITS AS NECESSARY. (RP)

Published
2024

5. WHAT ABOUT FOREIGN LANGUAGES.

Author

Minnesota State Dept. of Education, St. Paul. and GARTNER, JUDITH

Abstract

THE IMPORTANCE OF LEARNING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE IS STRESSED IN A BRIEF BROCHURE DESIGNED FOR STUDENTS OF ALL LEVELS, PARENTS, TEACHERS, COUNSELORS, AND ADMINISTRATORS. INFORMATION IS GIVEN ON WHEN TO BEGIN A LANGUAGE, THE IMPORTANCE OF BEING ABLE TO SPEAK A LANGUAGE, USES FOR A FOREIGN LANGUAGE AT HOME, LANGUAGE JOB OPPORTUNITIES, AND LANGUAGE LEARNING AND THE NATIONAL INTEREST. A BIBLIOGRAPHY SUGGESTS SOURCES FOR FURTHER INFORMATION. (AF)

Published
2024

6. Patient-reported outcomes in clinical HIV care: protocol for a single-centre, multistage, mixed-methods study in Denmark

Author

Merete Storgaard, Michael D Fetters, Ellen Moseholm, Nina Weis, P Paul Chandanabhumma, Olivia Borchmann, and Ann-Brit Eg Hansen

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

Introduction People with HIV-1 (PWH) have worse health-related quality of life (HRQoL) compared with the general population. Using patient-reported outcomes (PROs) may help reorient the focus of HIV care towards improving HRQoL. This study aims to develop, implement and evaluate the use of PROs in HIV care.Methods and analysis This is a Danish single-centre, multistage mixed-methods study consisting of four substudies (studies I–IV). Study I is a qualitative focus group interview study aiming to identify relevant PRO domains, and barriers and benefits to PRO use. Participants are 5–10 PWH and 5–10 HIV healthcare providers (HCPs). Data are thematically analysed. Results will guide the design of a PRO measure (PROM). Study II is a quantitative study aiming to assess PWH’s willingness and ability to engage with PRO. All PWH are consecutively invited to complete the PROMs before their next consultations. Demographic data are collected at enrolment. Differences between PWH who do/do not complete the PROMs are assessed. Study III is a quantitative before-and-after study aiming to assess the impact of PRO use on HCP awareness. Participants are all who complete the PROMs in Study II. In contrast to study II, HCPs are notified of the PROM results. The number of problems documented by the HCP in patients’ medical records during studies II and III are compared using χ2 tests. Multiple regression models are used to identify factors associated with HCP awareness. Study IV is a qualitative study aiming to explore PWH and HCP experiences of using PROs. Participants are 15–20 PWH and 10–15 HCP. Data are collected from participant observation of PRO consultations and individual interviews. Data are analysed thematically.Ethics and dissemination This study is approved by the Danish Data Protection Agency. Participants will provide written consent prior to participation. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals.

Published
2023
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7. 2024 Schooling in America: Public Opinion on K-12 Education, Transparency, Technology, and School Choice

Author

EdChoice, Colyn Ritter, Alli Aldis, John Kristof, and Paul DiPerna

Abstract

This is the 12th edition of EdChoice's Schooling in America survey. The purpose of this annual survey is to gauge public opinion on a range of issues in K-12 education, including school choice policies and parents' schooling experiences. From April 9 to April 30, 2024, we surveyed 2,319 current school parents and 1,502 members of the general population. We report polling results based on a nationally representative sample of both groups. Nearly 4,000 interviews were conducted online and over the phone. In this year's survey, we also asked new questions related to recent issues in education pertaining to transparency, accountability, technology, and artificial intelligence. The survey yielded many findings including: (1) School safety is now the top reason to choose a school for charter (37%), private (36%) and homeschool (53%) parents; (2) Most Americans (70%) and nearly two-thirds of parents (64%) say K-12 education is on the wrong track; (3) The majority of school parents think standardized tests are an important accountability measure, especially for teachers (67%), schools (65%), and school districts (65%); and (4) Two-thirds of parents (66%) say that schools should teach students how to use artificial intelligence responsibly.

Published
2024

8. The Changing Landscape with Respect to Scientific Research and Education for Second-Level Students and How They Can Overlap: The Kefir4All Example

Author

Liam H. Walsh, Cian O'Mahony, and Paul D. Cotter

Abstract

Have you ever deeply considered the intersections between research and education, particularly for second-level students? Traditionally, the convergence of these two realms is most often noted when considering the integration of research findings into educational practices or the involvement of, typically a small number, of students in research activities. While these practices have demonstrated efficacy, the fields of scientific research and education are evolving rapidly, necessitating a reevaluation of how we can optimize their convergence. In our discourse, we delve into these evolving trends, uncover the potential for greater integration, and, ultimately, enhance outcomes using the citizen science initiative Kefir4All as an illustrative example.

Published
2024

9. Examining the Longitudinal Impact of Zaner-Bloser Building Fact Fluency on School-Level Third-Grade Proficiency, Spring 2021-Spring 2023

Author

Charles River Media Group, LXD Research, Rachel Schechter, and Paul Chase

Abstract

Math fact fluency--the ability to quickly and accurately recall basic addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division facts--is a foundational mathematical skill. "Zaner-Bloser Building Fact Fluency (BFF)" was designed to build students' conceptual understanding of arithmetic operations and increase procedural fluency among elementary school students, with the goal of strengthening math learning. LXD Research conducted a study to examine Grade 3 students' math proficiency levels on the standardized Iowa Statewide Assessment of Student Progress (ISASP) across five "Building Fact Fluency" participating schools and 20 similar Iowa comparison schools from spring 2021-spring 2023. One "Building Fact Fluency" pilot school began the program in fall 2021, and four additional schools began the program in fall of 2022. The pilot "Building Fact Fluency" school, Year 2-only "Building Fact Fluency" schools, and comparison schools had a similar percentage of students on grade level at baseline. However, Grade 3 students in "Building Fact Fluency" schools showed consistently greater improvements in the percentage of Grade 3 students on grade level in math.

Published
2024

10. Recent Trends in College Readiness and Subsequent College Performance: With Faculty Perspectives on Student Readiness

Author

College Board, Paul A. Westrick, Emily L. Angehr, Emily J. Shaw, and Jessica P. Marini

Abstract

Utilizing course grade data from 22 four-year higher education institutions, this study highlights the trends in first-year grade point average (FYGPA) between the 2017-2018 and 2021-2022 academic years, the period immediately before and after the pandemic disrupted both K12 and higher education. Results showed that while FYGPAs generally increased at institutions with more selective admission standards, especially private, more selective institutions, FYGPAs remained relatively unchanged at the less selective institutions. Over these five years, high school grade point average (HSGPA) generally increased among incoming students at nearly every institution while SAT® scores generally decreased. The results of institution-level logistic regression analyses indicated that students with the same pre-college academic achievement levels as measured by SAT scores and HSGPA were more likely to earn a FYGPA of 3.0 or higher in later cohort years than were students in the 2017 cohort. Faculty survey results, based on more than 3,000 respondents from over 1,200 higher education institutions, complement the administrative data analyses in this study. The survey findings suggest college faculty believe that the characteristics of incoming students as well as their academic performance in college are weaker now than in the past. Implications for future higher education research and facilitating nuanced K12 and higher education conversations on more effectively preparing students for college are discussed.

Published
2024

11. The Impacts of School Climate on Teachers' Job Satisfaction: An Analysis of Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) 2018 National Data

Author

Hnin Yu Soe and Paul John Edrada Alegado

Abstract

This study aims to assess and examine secondary school teachers' perceptions of school climate and job satisfaction in five diverse countries: Japan, Korea, Finland, the United States of America (USA), and Australia. It explores the impact of school climate on teachers' job satisfaction, a pivotal factor influencing teacher retention, mobility, and professional development. In order to improve teachers' skills and abilities in the classroom, improving teachers' job satisfaction and understanding the factors that influence it is highly critical. Utilizing secondary data from the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) 2018, this study provides valuable insights. The findings reveal that teachers in all five countries generally hold positive perceptions of school climates and report high job satisfaction. However, teachers in Japan and Korea express comparatively lower job satisfaction levels when contrasted with their counterparts in Finland, the USA, and Australia. Furthermore, their perceptions of school climate also rank lower. Consequently, this study concludes that a positive correlation exists between favorable perceptions of school climate and elevated job satisfaction. This assertion is supported by regression analyses, individual country data, and aggregate data from all five countries.

Published
2024

12. When Challenges Never Let Up: School District Leaders Steer through Hazards in Baltimore and Chicago

Author

Arizona State University (ASU), Center on Reinventing Public Education (CRPE), Paul Hill, Sarah McCann, Lydia Rainey, and Chelsea Waite

Abstract

In the face of financial, political, and capacity constraints, leaders within the Baltimore City Public School System and Chicago Public Schools are making progress toward closing post-pandemic gaps in student learning. The executive leadership teams serving Baltimore City Public School System and Chicago Public Schools are using several strategies to help their systems build back after the pandemic including: (1) standardizing key elements of instructional cores and adding instructional staff across their systems, while maintaining some school-level flexibility; (2) supporting existing staff to become teachers and "building the bench" of new principals, while also promoting school leaders and administrators from within; (3) spending federal pandemic-relief money Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief Fund (ESSER) and other supplements, while hoping to avoid cutting into funding for instruction; (4) insulating schools as much as possible by taking the political hits themselves and making concessions to demanding stakeholders; and (5) confronting continued enrollment declines, limited central office capacity, constrained teacher labor markets, changes in school boards, shifting local interests, and uncertain state-level financial support. The strong leadership modeled in both districts remains at the heart of moving forward, despite the fact they are straining against their capacities. While there may be nuanced differences, all leaders in maxed-out districts will have to search for new options and forge alliances with new partners within school boards, unions, and state-level governments. This project is part of the American School District Panel (ASDP), a research partnership between the RAND Corporation and the Center on Reinventing Public Education (CRPE) at Arizona State University's Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College.

Published
2024

13. Equity Playbook Initiative Implementation in Kentucky Efficacy Study with engage2learn

Author

Charles River Media Group, LXD Research, Rachel L. Schechter, Paul A. Chase, and Kenny Lam

Abstract

The Equity Playbook Initiative Implementation in Kentucky underwent an efficacy study conducted by LXD Research during the 2022-2023 school year. The study aimed to assess the initiative's impact on student academic achievement and school climate. A total of 55 public schools participating in the Equity Playbook Initiative were compared with 240 statistically similar non-participating schools. The demographic breakdown of the sample included 65% economically disadvantaged students, with a significant representation of 30% African American students and 35% non-white students. The findings indicated that Equity Playbook schools significantly improved key academic outcomes, particularly among economically disadvantaged students. Notably, students attending Equity Playbook schools, especially those with a high percentage of economically disadvantaged students, showed significant improvement in testing on grade level in Science and Math compared to their counterparts in non-participating schools. Additionally, the study revealed a reduction in the Kentucky Summative Assessment (KSA) achievement gap for economically disadvantaged students among participating schools. Furthermore, the completion rates of advanced courses for African American and non-white students in Equity Playbook schools showed marked improvement compared to the schools that did not participate in the initiative. Qualitative interviews with state, district, and school-level educators and staff also provided positive feedback regarding the effects of the Equity Playbook Initiative. The findings suggest that the Equity Playbook Initiative holds promise in promoting student academic achievement and enhancing school climate. This study encourages further evaluation and broader adoption of the Equity Playbook Initiative in various districts and schools across Kentucky to leverage its potential benefits. [This report was prepared for engage2learn by LXD Research.]

Published
2024

14. Scaling and Sustaining Navigation Supports. Charting a Course

Author

Bellwether, Marisa Mission, Paul Beach, and Juliet Squire

Abstract

This report is the fourth in a series that unpacks the barriers to access that families face, the variety of solutions that navigation organizations have developed, and the challenges that limit the reach and impact of those solutions. This series offers recommendations for how to help navigators address these challenges and support more families and students. This report discusses the issue of scaling and sustaining navigation supports. There are no easy answers to the challenge of sustaining and scaling navigation services. Reliable revenue streams are hard to come by, and navigation organizations must carefully consider various funding models while prioritizing the best interests of the families they serve. The strength of family-navigator relationships makes navigation inherently unique for every family but also resource intensive -- requiring navigation organizations to think creatively and strategically to lower costs and improve efficiency. By diversifying revenue sources and leveraging strategies like tiered support levels, peer support, virtual interactions, and AI-powered research, navigation organizations can do more to sustainably increase their reach while continuing to deliver high-quality services.

Published
2024

15. Navigating to High Quality Learning Options. Charting a Course

Author

Bellwether, Marisa Mission, Juliet Squire, and Paul Beach

Abstract

This report is the third in a series that unpacks the barriers to access that families face, the variety of solutions that navigation organizations have developed, and the challenges that limit the reach and impact of those solutions. This series offers recommendations for how to help navigators address these challenges and support more families and students. Navigation organizations lack access to information on learning options and must often collect it themselves. Several challenges contribute to the lack of information available on the quality of learning options, beginning with the lack of consensus regarding what constitutes a "quality" education. This report discusses the importance of providing families with guidance on options that best match students' needs. More and better data on learning options is necessary, and there are ways that funders, intermediaries, researchers, and policymakers can help. Accreditation systems and input metrics can build the foundation for more robust measures. Tailored approaches to measure the quality of providers could surface new, valid, and reliable measures for others to adopt. Over time, improvements to data would allow navigators, families, and the field to better understand the learning options that best support students' success.

Published
2024

16. Navigating Policy to Access Learning Options. Charting a Course

Author

Bellwether, Marisa Mission, Paul Beach, and Juliet Squire

Abstract

This report is the second in a series that unpacks the barriers to access that families face, the variety of solutions that navigation organizations have developed, and the challenges that limit the reach and impact of those solutions. This series offers recommendations for how to help navigators address these challenges and support more families and students. Navigation organizations provide important supports for families looking to participate in direct funding programs. They can be partners in raising awareness of the programs, while their navigators help families prepare applications and select learning options that meet their child's needs. Addressing logistical barriers associated with direct funding policies and programs takes up a significant amount of time, however, and the time spent on logistical barriers then limits the time navigators and families can spend on what they came together to do: Connect to learning options aligned to students' needs, interests, and goals. This report discusses how better policy designs and stronger implementation of direct funding programs can minimize these logistical barriers and enable navigation organizations to direct more resources to providing educational guidance.

Published
2024

17. Increasing Access to Learning Options through Navigation. Charting a Course

Author

Bellwether, Juliet Squire, Paul Beach, and Marisa Mission

Abstract

This report is the first in a series that unpacks the barriers to access that families face, the variety of solutions that navigation organizations have developed, and the challenges that limit the reach and impact of those solutions. This series offers recommendations for how to help navigators address these challenges and support more families and students. In many ways, families across the country have never had more access to learning options. Participating in the learning ecosystem requires families to dedicate more time and energy to making decisions on behalf of their children. For many families, those decisions can be daunting. For some families, the entwinement of those decisions with other needs and constraints creates barriers that are insurmountable without support. The disconnect between family demand and participation is indicative of challenges that complicate families' access to learning options, including financial constraints, logistical barriers, and limited access to the information they need to make decisions. Building on the approaches of early navigators in school choice, other organizations have emerged to help families navigate different learning options. This report discusses how navigation organizations help enable families' access to learning options.

Published
2024

18. Zaner-Bloser Handwriting Efficacy Study. Examining the Effectiveness of Zaner-Bloser Handwriting: School Level Third-Grade Handwriting Proficiency in Alabama, Spring 2023

Author

Charles River Media Group, LXD Research, Kenny Lam, Paul Chase, Destiny Riley, and Rachel Schechter

Abstract

LXD Research conducted a study to examine the relationship between investment in Zaner-Bloser Handwriting program and Grade 3 student proficiency in handwriting in Alabama. Data from 4,759 students across 54 schools were analyzed, with schools categorized into Low Zaner-Bloser Handwriting (>$1 and [less than or equal to]$5 per student per year), Moderate Zaner-Bloser Handwriting (>$5 and [less than or equal to]$10 per student per year), and High Zaner-Bloser Handwriting (>$10 per student per year) investment groups. The demographic profile of the sample included a diverse range of students, notably with a significant representation of low-income and minority groups. The study revealed a substantial positive correlation between the level of ZB-HW investment and handwriting proficiency. Notably, 91% of students in the High ZB-HW investment group achieved proficiency, compared to 82% in the Moderate group and 69% in the Low investment group. Additionally, each $1 increase in per-student investment was associated with an 18% increase in the likelihood of achieving proficiency. These findings highlight the effectiveness of Zaner-Bloser Handwriting in enhancing handwriting skills and underscore the importance of targeted investment in educational resources to support student outcomes. The findings and rigorous study design support Zaner-Bloser Handwriting as a comprehensive program that meets the criteria for ESSA Level 3. [This report was produced by Zaner-Bloser.]

Published
2024

19. Kefir4All, a Citizen Science Initiative to Raise Awareness of the Roles that Microbes Play in Food Fermentation

Author

Liam H. Walsh, Samuel Breselge, José Guilherme Prado Martin, Mairéad Coakley, Eimear Ferguson, Aimee Stapleton, Fiona Crispie, Paul W. O'Toole, and Paul D. Cotter

Abstract

Microorganisms are ubiquitous in nature and are central to human, animal, environmental, and planetary health. They play a particularly important role in the food chain and the production of high-quality, safe, and health-promoting foods, especially fermented foods. This important role is not always apparent to members of the public. Here, we describe Kefir4All, a citizen science project designed to provide the general public with an opportunity to expand their awareness, knowledge, and practical skills relating to microbiology, introduced through the medium of producing fermented food, i.e., milk kefir or water kefir. During the course of Kefir4All, 123 citizen scientists, from second-level school and non-school settings, participated in a study to track changes in the microbial composition of kefirs, by performing and recording details of milk kefir or water kefir fermentations they performed in their homes or schools over the21-week project. At the start of the study, the citizen scientists were provided with milk or water kefir grains to initiate the fermentations. Both types of kefir grain are semi-solid, gelatinous-like substances, composed of exopolysaccharides and proteins, containing a symbiotic community of bacteria and yeast. The experimental component of the project was complemented by a number of education and outreach events, including career talks and a site visit to our research center (Kefir Day). At the end of the study, a report was provided to each citizen scientist, in which individualized results of their fermenting activities were detailed. A number of approaches were taken to obtain feedback and other insights from the citizen scientists. Evaluations took place before and after theKefir4All project to gauge the citizen scientist's self-reported awareness, knowledge, and interest in microbiology and fermented foods. Further insights into the level of citizen science participation were gained through assessing the number of samples returned for analysis and the level of participation of the citizen scientists throughout the project. Notably, the survey results revealed a self-reported, increased interest in, and general knowledge of, science among the Kefir4All citizen scientists after undertaking the project and a willingness to take part in further citizen science projects. Ultimately, Kefir4Allrepresents an example of the successful integration of citizen science into existing education and research systems.

Published
2024

20. Leveraging LLMs for Legacy Code Modernization: Challenges and Opportunities for LLM-Generated Documentation

Author

Diggs, Colin, Doyle, Michael, Madan, Amit, Scott, Siggy, Escamilla, Emily, Zimmer, Jacob, Nekoo, Naveed, Ursino, Paul, Bartholf, Michael, Robin, Zachary, Patel, Anand, Glasz, Chris, Macke, William, Kirk, Paul, Phillips, Jasper, Sridharan, Arun, Wendt, Doug, Rosen, Scott, Naik, Nitin, Brunelle, Justin F., and Thaker, Samruddhi

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Software Engineering
Abstract

Legacy software systems, written in outdated languages like MUMPS and mainframe assembly, pose challenges in efficiency, maintenance, staffing, and security. While LLMs offer promise for modernizing these systems, their ability to understand legacy languages is largely unknown. This paper investigates the utilization of LLMs to generate documentation for legacy code using two datasets: an electronic health records (EHR) system in MUMPS and open-source applications in IBM mainframe Assembly Language Code (ALC). We propose a prompting strategy for generating line-wise code comments and a rubric to evaluate their completeness, readability, usefulness, and hallucination. Our study assesses the correlation between human evaluations and automated metrics, such as code complexity and reference-based metrics. We find that LLM-generated comments for MUMPS and ALC are generally hallucination-free, complete, readable, and useful compared to ground-truth comments, though ALC poses challenges. However, no automated metrics strongly correlate with comment quality to predict or measure LLM performance. Our findings highlight the limitations of current automated measures and the need for better evaluation metrics for LLM-generated documentation in legacy systems., Comment: Abbreviated version submitted to LLM4Code 2025 (a workshop co-located with ICSE 2025), 13 pages, 3 figures

Published
2024

21. The NANOGrav 15 year Data Set: Removing pulsars one by one from the pulsar timing array

Author

Agazie, Gabriella, Anumarlapudi, Akash, Archibald, Anne M., Arzoumanian, Zaven, Baier, Jeremy G., Baker, Paul T., Becsy, Bence, Blecha, Laura, Brazier, Adam, Brook, Paul R., Burke-Spolaor, Sarah, Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew, Charisi, Maria, Chatterjee, Shami, Cohen, Tyler, Cordes, James M., Cornish, Neil J., Crawford, Fronefield, Cromartie, H. Thankful, Crowter, Kathryn, DeCesar, Megan E., Demorest, Paul B., Deng, Heling, Dey, Lankeswar, Dolch, Timothy, Ferrara, Elizabeth C., Fiore, William, Fonseca, Emmanuel, Freedman, Gabriel E., Gardiner, Emiko C., Garver-Daniels, Nate, Gentile, Peter A., Gersbach, Kyle A., Glaser, Joseph, Good, Deborah C., Guertin, Lydia, Gultekin, Kayhan, Hazboun, Jeffrey S., Jennings, Ross J., Johnson, Aaron D., Jones, Megan L., Kaiser, Andrew R., Kaplan, David L., Kelley, Luke Zoltan, Kerr, Matthew, Key, Joey S., Laal, Nima, Lam, Michael T., Lamb, William G., Larsen, Bjorn, Lazio, T. Joseph W., Lewandowska, Natalia, Liu, Tingting, Lorimer, Duncan R., Luo, Jing, Lynch, Ryan S., Ma, Chung-Pei, Madison, Dustin R., McEwen, Alexander, McKee, James W., McLaughlin, Maura A., McMann, Natasha, Meyers, Bradley W., Meyers, Patrick M., Middleton, Hannah, Mingarelli, Chiara M. F., Mitridate, Andrea, Moore, Christopher J., Ng, Cherry, Nice, David J., Ocker, Stella Koch, Olum, Ken D., Pennucci, Timothy T., Perera, Benetge B. P., Pol, Nihan S., Radovan, Henri A., Ransom, Scott M., Ray, Paul S., Romano, Joseph D., Runnoe, Jessie C., Saffer, Alexander, Sardesai, Shashwat C., Schmiedekamp, Ann, Schmiedekamp, Carl, Schmitz, Kai, Shapiro-Albert, Brent J., Siemens, Xavier, Simon, Joseph, Siwek, Magdalena S., Fiscella, Sophia V. Sosa, Stairs, Ingrid H., Stinebring, Daniel R., Stovall, Kevin, Susobhanan, Abhimanyu, Swiggum, Joseph K., Taylor, Stephen R., Turner, Jacob E., Unal, Caner, Vallisneri, Michele, Vecchio, Alberto, Vigeland, Sarah J., Wahl, Haley M., Witt, Caitlin A., Wright, David, and Young, Olivia

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Evidence has emerged for a stochastic signal correlated among 67 pulsars within the 15-year pulsar-timing data set compiled by the NANOGrav collaboration. Similar signals have been found in data from the European, Indian, Parkes, and Chinese PTAs. This signal has been interpreted as indicative of the presence of a nanohertz stochastic gravitational wave background. To explore the internal consistency of this result we investigate how the recovered signal strength changes as we remove the pulsars one by one from the data set. We calculate the signal strength using the (noise-marginalized) optimal statistic, a frequentist metric designed to measure correlated excess power in the residuals of the arrival times of the radio pulses. We identify several features emerging from this analysis that were initially unexpected. The significance of these features, however, can only be assessed by comparing the real data to synthetic data sets. After conducting identical analyses on simulated data sets, we do not find anything inconsistent with the presence of a stochastic gravitational wave background in the NANOGrav 15-year data. The methodologies developed here can offer additional tools for application to future, more sensitive data sets. While this analysis provides an internal consistency check of the NANOGrav results, it does not eliminate the necessity for additional investigations that could identify potential systematics or uncover unmodeled physical phenomena in the data., Comment: 21 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables

Published
2024

22. On vertex sets inducing tangles

Author

Albrechtsen, Sandra, von Bergen, Hanno, Jacobs, Raphael W., Knappe, Paul, and Wollan, Paul

Subjects
Mathematics - Combinatorics, 05C40, 05C83, 05C69
Abstract

Diestel, Hundertmark and Lemanczyk asked whether every $k$-tangle in a graph is induced by a set of vertices by majority vote. We reduce their question to graphs whose size is bounded by a function in $k$. Additionally, we show that if for any fixed $k$ this problem has a positive answer, then every $k$-tangle is induced by a vertex set whose size is bounded in $k$. More generally, we prove for all $k$ that every $k$-tangle in a graph $G$ is induced by a weight function $V(G) \to \mathbb{N}$ whose total weight is bounded in $k$. As the key step of our proofs, we show that any given $k$-tangle in a graph $G$ is the lift of a $k$-tangle in some topological minor of $G$ whose size is bounded in $k$.

Published
2024

23. The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Harmonic Analysis of the Pulsar Angular Correlations

Author

Agazie, Gabriella, Baier, Jeremy G., Baker, Paul T., Becsy, Bence, Blecha, Laura, Boddy, Kimberly K., Brazier, Adam, Brook, Paul R., Burke-Spolaor, Sarah, Burnette, Rand, Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew, Charisi, Maria, Chatterjee, Shami, Cohen, Tyler, Cordes, James M., Cornish, Neil J., Crawford, Fronefield, Cromartie, H. Thankful, DeCesar, Megan E., Demorest, Paul B., Deng, Heling, Dey, Lankeswar, Dolch, Timothy, Ferrara, Elizabeth C., Fiore, William, Fonseca, Emmanuel, Freedman, Gabriel E., Gardiner, Emiko C., Gersbach, Kyle A., Glaser, Joseph, Good, Deborah C., Gultekin, Kayhan, Hazboun, Jeffrey S., Jennings, Ross J., Johnson, Aaron D., Kaplan, David L., Kelley, Luke Zoltan, Key, Joey S., Laal, Nima, Lam, Michael T., Lamb, William G., Larsen, Bjorn, Lazio, T. Joseph W., Lewandowska, Natalia, Liu, Tingting, Luo, Jing, Lynch, Ryan S., Ma, Chung-Pei, Madison, Dustin R., McEwen, Alexander, McKee, James W., McLaughlin, Maura A., Meyers, Patrick M., Mingarelli, Chiara M. F., Mitridate, Andrea, Nay, Jonathan, Nice, David J., Ocker, Stella Koch, Olum, Ken D., Pennucci, Timothy T., Petrov, Polina, Pol, Nihan S., Radovan, Henri A., Ransom, Scott M., Ray, Paul S., Runnoe, Jessie C., Saffer, Alexander, Sardesai, Shashwat C., Schmitz, Kai, Siemens, Xavier, Simon, Joseph, Siwek, Magdalena S., Smith, Tristan L., Fiscella, Sophia V. Sosa, Stairs, Ingrid H., Stinebring, Daniel R., Susobhanan, Abhimanyu, Swiggum, Joseph K., Taylor, Jacob, Taylor, Stephen R., Turner, Jacob E., Unal, Caner, Vallisneri, Michele, van Haasteren, Rutger, Verbiest, Joris, Vigeland, Sarah J., Witt, Caitlin A., Wright, David, and Young, Olivia

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

Pulsar timing array observations have found evidence for an isotropic gravitational wave background with the Hellings-Downs angular correlations, expected from general relativity. This interpretation hinges on the measured shape of the angular correlations, which is predominately quadrupolar under general relativity. Here we explore a more flexible parameterization: we expand the angular correlations into a sum of Legendre polynomials and use a Bayesian analysis to constrain their coefficients with the 15-year pulsar timing data set collected by the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav). When including Legendre polynomials with multipoles $\ell \geq 2$, we only find a significant signal in the quadrupole with an amplitude consistent with general relativity and non-zero at the $\sim 95\%$ confidence level and a Bayes factor of 200. When we include multipoles $\ell \leq 1$, the Bayes factor evidence for quadrupole correlations decreases by more than an order of magnitude due to evidence for a monopolar signal at approximately 4 nHz which has also been noted in previous analyses of the NANOGrav 15-year data. Further work needs to be done in order to better characterize the properties of this monopolar signal and its effect on the evidence for quadrupolar angular correlations., Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures

Published
2024

24. (Independent) Roman Domination Parameterized by Distance to Cluster

Author

Ashok, Pradeesha, Das, Gautam K., Pandey, Arti, Paul, Kaustav, and Paul, Subhabrata

Subjects
Computer Science - Computational Complexity, Computer Science - Discrete Mathematics, Computer Science - Data Structures and Algorithms, Mathematics - Combinatorics
Abstract

Given a graph $G=(V,E)$, a function $f:V\to \{0,1,2\}$ is said to be a \emph{Roman Dominating function} (RDF) if for every $v\in V$ with $f(v)=0$, there exists a vertex $u\in N(v)$ such that $f(u)=2$. A Roman Dominating function $f$ is said to be an \emph{Independent Roman Dominating function} (IRDF), if $V_1\cup V_2$ forms an independent set, where $V_i=\{v\in V~\vert~f(v)=i\}$, for $i\in \{0,1,2\}$. The total weight of $f$ is equal to $\sum_{v\in V} f(v)$, and is denoted as $w(f)$. The \emph{Roman Domination Number} (resp. \emph{Independent Roman Domination Number}) of $G$, denoted by $\gamma_R(G)$ (resp. $i_R(G)$), is defined as min$\{w(f)~\vert~f$ is an RDF (resp. IRDF) of $G\}$. For a given graph $G$, the problem of computing $\gamma_R(G)$ (resp. $i_R(G)$) is defined as the \emph{Roman Domination problem} (resp. \emph{Independent Roman Domination problem}). In this paper, we examine structural parameterizations of the (Independent) Roman Domination problem. We propose fixed-parameter tractable (FPT) algorithms for the (Independent) Roman Domination problem in graphs that are $k$ vertices away from a cluster graph. These graphs have a set of $k$ vertices whose removal results in a cluster graph. We refer to $k$ as the distance to the cluster graph. Specifically, we prove the following results when parameterized by the deletion distance $k$ to cluster graphs: we can find the Roman Domination Number (and Independent Roman Domination Number) in time $4^kn^{O(1)}$. In terms of lower bounds, we show that the Roman Domination number can not be computed in time $2^{\epsilon k}n^{O(1)}$, for any $0<\epsilon <1$ unless a well-known conjecture, SETH fails. In addition, we also show that the Roman Domination problem parameterized by distance to cluster, does not admit a polynomial kernel unless NP $\subseteq$ coNP$/$poly., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2405.10556 by other authors

Published
2024

25. The NANOGrav 12.5-Year Data Set: Probing Interstellar Turbulence and Precision Pulsar Timing with PSR J1903+0327

Author

Geiger, Abra, Cordes, James M., Lam, Michael T., Ocker, Stella Koch, Chatterjee, Shami, Arzoumanian, Zaven, Battaglia, Ava L., Blumer, Harsha, Brook, Paul R., Combs, Olivia A., Cromartie, H. Thankful, DeCesar, Megan E., Demorest, Paul B., Dolch, Timothy, Ellis, Justin A., Ferdman, Robert D., Ferrara, Elizabeth C., Fonseca, Emmanuel, Garver-Daniels, Nate, Gentile, Peter A., Good, Deborah C., Jones, Megan L., Lorimer, Duncan R., Luo, Jing, Lynch, Ryan S., McLaughlin, Maura A., Ng, Cherry, Nice, David J., Pennucci, Timothy T., Pol, Nihan S., Ransom, Scott M., Spiewak, Renée, Stairs, Ingrid H., Stovall, Kevin, Swiggum, Joseph K., and Vigeland, Sarah J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Free electrons in the interstellar medium refract and diffract radio waves along multiple paths, resulting in angular and temporal broadening of radio pulses that limits pulsar timing precision. We determine multifrequency, multi-epoch scattering times for the large dispersion measure millisecond pulsar J1903+0327 by developing a three component model for the emitted pulse shape that is convolved with a best fit pulse broadening function (PBF) identified from a family of thin-screen and extended-media PBFs. We show that the scattering time, $\tau$, at a fiducial frequency of 1500 MHz changes by approximately 10% over a 5.5yr span with a characteristic timescale of approximately 100 days. We also constrain the spectral index and inner scale of the wavenumber spectrum of electron density variations along this line of sight. We find that the scaling law for $\tau$ vs. radio frequency is strongly affected by any mismatch between the true and assumed PBF or between the true and assumed intrinsic pulse shape. We show using simulations that refraction is a plausible cause of the epoch dependence of $\tau$, manifesting as changes in the PBF shape and $1/e$ time scale. Finally, we discuss the implications of our scattering results on pulsar timing including time of arrival delays and dispersion measure misestimation., Comment: 16 pages, 14 figures, submitted to ApJ

Published
2024

26. Galaxy Tomography with the Gravitational Wave Background from Supermassive Black Hole Binaries

Author

Chen, Yifan, Daniel, Matthias, D'Orazio, Daniel J., Mitridate, Andrea, Sagunski, Laura, Xue, Xiao, Agazie, Gabriella, Baier, Jeremy G., Baker, Paul T., Bécsy, Bence, Blecha, Laura, Brazier, Adam, Brook, Paul R., Burke-Spolaor, Sarah, Burnette, Rand, Casey-Clyde, J. Andrew, Charisi, Maria, Chatterjee, Shami, Cohen, Tyler, Cordes, James M., Cornish, Neil J., Crawford, Fronefield, Cromartie, H. Thankful, DeCesar, Megan E., Demorest, Paul B., Deng, Heling, Dey, Lankeswar, Dolch, Timothy, Ferrara, Elizabeth C., Fiore, William, Fonseca, Emmanuel, Freedman, Gabriel E., Gardiner, Emiko C., Gersbach, Kyle A., Glaser, Joseph, Good, Deborah C., Gültekin, Kayhan, Hazboun, Jeffrey S., Jennings, Ross J., Johnson, Aaron D., Kaplan, David L., Kelley, Luke Zoltan, Key, Joey S., Laal, Nima, Lam, Michael T., Lamb, William G., Larsen, Bjorn, Lazio, T. Joseph W., Lewandowska, Natalia, Liu, Tingting, Luo, Jing, Lynch, Ryan S., Ma, Chung-Pei, Madison, Dustin R., McEwen, Alexander, McKee, James W., McLaughlin, Maura A., Meyers, Patrick M., Mingarelli, Chiara M. F., Nice, David J., Ocker, Stella Koch, Olum, Ken D., Pennucci, Timothy T., Petrov, Polina, Pol, Nihan S., Radovan, Henri A., Ransom, Scott M., Ray, Paul S., Romano, Joseph D., Runnoe, Jessie C., Saffer, Alexander, Sardesai, Shashwat C., Schmitz, Kai, Siemens, Xavier, Simon, Joseph, Siwek, Magdalena S., Fiscella, Sophia V. Sosa, Stairs, Ingrid H., Stinebring, Daniel R., Susobhanan, Abhimanyu, Swiggum, Joseph K., Taylor, Jacob, Taylor, Stephen R., Turner, Jacob E., Unal, Caner, Vallisneri, Michele, van Haasteren, Rutger, Verbiest, Joris, Vigeland, Sarah J., Witt, Caitlin A., Wright, David, and Young, Olivia

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

The detection of a stochastic gravitational wave background by pulsar timing arrays suggests the presence of a supermassive black hole binary population. Although the observed spectrum generally aligns with predictions from orbital evolution driven by gravitational wave emission in circular orbits, there is a discernible preference for a turnover at the lowest observed frequencies. This turnover could indicate a significant hardening phase, transitioning from early environmental influences to later stages predominantly influenced by gravitational wave emission. In the vicinity of these binaries, the ejection of stars or dark matter particles through gravitational three-body slingshots efficiently extracts orbital energy, leading to a low-frequency turnover in the spectrum. By analyzing the NANOGrav 15-year data, we assess how the gravitational wave spectrum depends on the initial inner galactic profile prior to disruption by binary ejections, accounting for a range of initial binary eccentricities. Our findings suggest a parsec-scale galactic center density around $10^6\,M_\odot/\textrm{pc}^3$ across most of the parameter space, offering insights into the environmental effects on black hole evolution and combined matter density near galaxy centers., Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures

Published
2024

27. Shedding Light on Evanescent Shadows -- Exploration of non-anticommuting $\gamma_5$ in Dimensional Regularisation

Author

Ebert, Paul L., Kühler, Paul, Stöckinger, Dominik, and Weißwange, Matthias

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract

The mathematical consistency of the BMHV scheme of dimensional regularisation (DReg) comes at the cost of requiring symmetry-restoring counterterms to cancel the regularisation-induced breaking of gauge and BRST invariance. There is no unique way to extend a 4-dimensional theory to $D$ dimensions, and different choices can be made for the dimensionally regularised fermions, evanescent parts of their kinetic terms and evanescent gauge interactions. Here we present a detailed study of the impact of changing such evanescent details. We leverage this freedom to identify a particularly convenient formulation that simplifies practical calculations. In order to thoroughly study the available options, we focus on a general abelian chiral gauge theory including scalar fields and adopt a general approach to the BMHV implementation. This allows for specialisation to various models and different approaches, including those from the literature. Importantly, our model can be specialised to the abelian sector of the Standard Model (SM). Consequently, this article also serves as a roadmap for upcoming applications to the full SM.

Published
2024

28. Search for gravitational waves emitted from SN 2023ixf

Author

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, the KAGRA Collaboration, Abac, A. G., Abbott, R., Abouelfettouh, I., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adhicary, S., Adhikari, N., Adhikari, R. X., Adkins, V. K., Agarwal, D., Agathos, M., Abchouyeh, M. Aghaei, Aguiar, O. D., Aguilar, I., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Akutsu, T., Albanesi, S., Alfaidi, R. A., Al-Jodah, A., Alléné, C., Allocca, A., Al-Shammari, S., Altin, P. A., Alvarez-Lopez, S., Amato, A., Amez-Droz, L., Amorosi, A., Amra, C., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Andia, M., Ando, M., Andrade, T., Andres, N., Andrés-Carcasona, M., Andrić, T., Anglin, J., Ansoldi, S., Antelis, J. M., Antier, S., Aoumi, M., Appavuravther, E. Z., Appert, S., Apple, S. K., Arai, K., Araya, A., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Argianas, L., Aritomi, N., Armato, F., Arnaud, N., Arogeti, M., Aronson, S. M., Ashton, G., Aso, Y., Assiduo, M., Melo, S. Assis de Souza, Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Attadio, F., Aubin, F., AultONeal, K., Avallone, G., Babak, S., Badaracco, F., Badger, C., Bae, S., Bagnasco, S., Bagui, E., Baier, J. G., Baiotti, L., Bajpai, R., Baka, T., Ball, M., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Banagiri, S., Banerjee, B., Bankar, D., Baral, P., Barayoga, J. C., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barneo, P., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartoletti, A. M., Barton, M. A., Bartos, I., Basak, S., Basalaev, A., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Bates, D. E., Bawaj, M., Baxi, P., Bayley, J. C., Baylor, A. C., Baynard II, P. A., Bazzan, M., Bedakihale, V. M., Beirnaert, F., Bejger, M., Belardinelli, D., Bell, A. S., Benedetto, V., Benoit, W., Bentley, J. D., Yaala, M. Ben, Bera, S., Berbel, M., Bergamin, F., Berger, B. K., Bernuzzi, S., Beroiz, M., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Beveridge, D., Bevins, N., Bhandare, R., Bhardwaj, U., Bhatt, R., Bhattacharjee, D., Bhaumik, S., Bhowmick, S., Bianchi, A., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Binetti, A., Bini, S., Birnholtz, O., Biscoveanu, S., Bisht, A., Bitossi, M., Bizouard, M. -A., Blackburn, J. K., Blagg, L. A., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Bobba, F., Bode, N., Boileau, G., Boldrini, M., Bolingbroke, G. N., Bolliand, A., Bonavena, L. D., Bondarescu, R., Bondu, F., Bonilla, E., Bonilla, M. S., Bonino, A., Bonnand, R., Booker, P., Borchers, A., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bossilkov, V., Boudart, V., Boudon, A., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Braglia, M., Branch, A., Branchesi, M., Brandt, J., Braun, I., Breschi, M., Briant, T., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brockill, P., Brockmueller, E., Brooks, A. F., Brown, B. C., Brown, D. D., Brozzetti, M. L., Brunett, S., Bruno, G., Bruntz, R., Bryant, J., Bucci, F., Buchanan, J., Bulashenko, O., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Burtnyk, K., Buscicchio, R., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Davies, G. S. Cabourn, Cabras, G., Cabrita, R., Cáceres-Barbosa, V., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. Calderón, Callister, T. A., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Canepa, M., Santoro, G. Caneva, Cannon, K. C., Cao, H., Capistran, L. A., Capocasa, E., Capote, E., Carapella, G., Carbognani, F., Carlassara, M., Carlin, J. B., Carpinelli, M., Carrillo, G., Carter, J. J., Carullo, G., Diaz, J. Casanueva, Casentini, C., Castro-Lucas, S. Y., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cerdá-Durán, P., Cesarini, E., Chaibi, W., Chakraborty, P., Subrahmanya, S. Chalathadka, Chan, J. C. L., Chan, M., Chandra, K., Chang, R. -J., Chao, S., Charlton, E. L., Charlton, P., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chatterjee, C., Chatterjee, Debarati, Chatterjee, Deep, Chaturvedi, M., Chaty, S., Chen, A., Chen, A. H. -Y., Chen, D., Chen, H., Chen, H. Y., Chen, J., Chen, K. H., Chen, Y., Chen, Yanbei, Chen, Yitian, Cheng, H. P., Chessa, P., Cheung, H. T., Cheung, S. Y., Chiadini, F., Chiarini, G., Chierici, R., Chincarini, A., Chiofalo, M. L., Chiummo, A., Chou, C., Choudhary, S., Christensen, N., Chua, S. S. Y., Chugh, P., Ciani, G., Ciecielag, P., Cieślar, M., Cifaldi, M., Ciolfi, R., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Clarke, J., Clarke, T. A., Clearwater, P., Clesse, S., Coccia, E., Codazzo, E., Cohadon, P. -F., Colace, S., Colleoni, M., Collette, C. G., Collins, J., Colloms, S., Colombo, A., Colpi, M., Compton, C. M., Connolly, G., Conti, L., Corbitt, T. R., Cordero-Carrión, I., Corezzi, S., Cornish, N. J., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Cottingham, R., Coughlin, M. W., Couineaux, A., Coulon, J. -P., Countryman, S. T., Coupechoux, J. -F., Couvares, P., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, R., Craig, K., Creed, R., Creighton, J. D. E., Creighton, T. D., Cremonese, P., Criswell, A. W., Crockett-Gray, J. C. G., Crook, S., Crouch, R., Csizmazia, J., Cudell, J. R., Cullen, T. J., Cumming, A., Cuoco, E., Cusinato, M., Dabadie, P., Canton, T. Dal, Dall'Osso, S., Pra, S. Dal, Dálya, G., D'Angelo, B., Danilishin, S., D'Antonio, S., Danzmann, K., Darroch, K. E., Dartez, L. P., Dasgupta, A., Datta, S., Dattilo, V., Daumas, A., Davari, N., Dave, I., Davenport, A., Davier, M., Davies, T. F., Davis, D., Davis, L., Davis, M. C., Davis, P. J., Dax, M., De Bolle, J., Deenadayalan, M., Degallaix, J., De Laurentis, M., Deléglise, S., De Lillo, F., Dell'Aquila, D., Del Pozzo, W., De Marco, F., De Matteis, F., D'Emilio, V., Demos, N., Dent, T., Depasse, A., DePergola, N., De Pietri, R., De Rosa, R., De Rossi, C., DeSalvo, R., De Simone, R., Dhani, A., Diab, R., Díaz, M. C., Di Cesare, M., Dideron, G., Didio, N. A., Dietrich, T., Di Fiore, L., Di Fronzo, C., Di Giovanni, M., Di Girolamo, T., Diksha, D., Di Michele, A., Ding, J., Di Pace, S., Di Palma, I., Di Renzo, F., Divyajyoti, Dmitriev, A., Doctor, Z., Dohmen, E., Doleva, P. P., Dominguez, D., D'Onofrio, L., Donovan, F., Dooley, K. L., Dooney, T., Doravari, S., Dorosh, O., Drago, M., Driggers, J. C., Ducoin, J. -G., Dunn, L., Dupletsa, U., D'Urso, D., Duval, H., Duverne, P. -A., Dwyer, S. E., Eassa, C., Ebersold, M., Eckhardt, T., Eddolls, G., Edelman, B., Edo, T. B., Edy, O., Effler, A., Eichholz, J., Einsle, H., Eisenmann, M., Eisenstein, R. A., Ejlli, A., Eleveld, R. M., Emma, M., Endo, K., Engl, A. J., Enloe, E., Errico, L., Essick, R. C., Estellés, H., Estevez, D., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Evstafyeva, T., Ewing, B. E., Ezquiaga, J. M., Fabrizi, F., Faedi, F., Fafone, V., Fairhurst, S., Farah, A. M., Farr, B., Farr, W. M., Favaro, G., Favata, M., Fays, M., Fazio, M., Feicht, J., Fejer, M. M., Felicetti, R., Fenyvesi, E., Ferguson, D. L., Ferraiuolo, S., Ferrante, I., Ferreira, T. A., Fidecaro, F., Figura, P., Fiori, A., Fiori, I., Fishbach, M., Fisher, R. P., Fittipaldi, R., Fiumara, V., Flaminio, R., Fleischer, S. M., Fleming, L. S., Floden, E., Foley, E. M., Fong, H., Font, J. A., Fornal, B., Forsyth, P. W. F., Franceschetti, K., Franchini, N., Frasca, S., Frasconi, F., Mascioli, A. Frattale, Frei, Z., Freise, A., Freitas, O., Frey, R., Frischhertz, W., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fronzé, G. G., Fuentes-Garcia, M., Fujii, S., Fujimori, T., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Gadre, B., Gair, J. R., Galaudage, S., Galdi, V., Gallagher, H., Gallardo, S., Gallego, B., Gamba, R., Gamboa, A., Ganapathy, D., Ganguly, A., Garaventa, B., García-Bellido, J., Núñez, C. García, García-Quirós, C., Gardner, J. W., Gardner, K. A., Gargiulo, J., Garron, A., Garufi, F., Gasbarra, C., Gateley, B., Gayathri, V., Gemme, G., Gennai, A., Gennari, V., George, J., George, R., Gerberding, O., Gergely, L., Ghosh, Archisman, Ghosh, Sayantan, Ghosh, Shaon, Ghosh, Shrobana, Ghosh, Suprovo, Ghosh, Tathagata, Giacoppo, L., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Gibson, D. R., Gibson, D. T., Gier, C., Giri, P., Gissi, F., Gkaitatzis, S., Glanzer, J., Glotin, F., Godfrey, J., Godwin, P., Goebbels, N. L., Goetz, E., Golomb, J., Lopez, S. Gomez, Goncharov, B., Gong, Y., González, G., Goodarzi, P., Goode, S., Goodwin-Jones, A. W., Gosselin, M., Göttel, A. S., Gouaty, R., Gould, D. W., Govorkova, K., Goyal, S., Grace, B., Grado, A., Graham, V., Granados, A. E., Granata, M., Granata, V., Gras, S., Grassia, P., Gray, A., Gray, C., Gray, R., Greco, G., Green, A. C., Green, S. M., Green, S. R., Gretarsson, A. M., Gretarsson, E. M., Griffith, D., Griffiths, W. L., Griggs, H. L., Grignani, G., Grimaldi, A., Grimaud, C., Grote, H., Guerra, D., Guetta, D., Guidi, G. M., Guimaraes, A. R., Gulati, H. K., Gulminelli, F., Gunny, A. M., Guo, H., Guo, W., Guo, Y., Gupta, Anchal, Gupta, Anuradha, Gupta, Ish, Gupta, N. C., Gupta, P., Gupta, S. K., Gupta, T., Gupte, N., Gurs, J., Gutierrez, N., Guzman, F., H, H. -Y., Haba, D., Haberland, M., Haino, S., Hall, E. D., Hamilton, E. Z., Hammond, G., Han, W. -B., Haney, M., Hanks, J., Hanna, C., Hannam, M. D., Hannuksela, O. A., Hanselman, A. G., Hansen, H., Hanson, J., Harada, R., Hardison, A. R., Haris, K., Harmark, T., Harms, J., Harry, G. M., Harry, I. W., Hart, J., Haskell, B., Haster, C. -J., Hathaway, J. S., Haughian, K., Hayakawa, H., Hayama, K., Hayes, R., Heffernan, A., Heidmann, A., Heintze, M. C., Heinze, J., Heinzel, J., Heitmann, H., Hellman, F., Hello, P., Helmling-Cornell, A. F., Hemming, G., Henderson-Sapir, O., Hendry, M., Heng, I. S., Hennes, E., Henshaw, C., Hertog, T., Heurs, M., Hewitt, A. L., Heyns, J., Higginbotham, S., Hild, S., Hill, S., Himemoto, Y., Hirata, N., Hirose, C., Hoang, S., Hochheim, S., Hofman, D., Holland, N. A., Holley-Bockelmann, K., Holmes, Z. J., Holz, D. E., Honet, L., Hong, C., Hornung, J., Hoshino, S., Hough, J., Hourihane, S., Howell, E. J., Hoy, C. G., Hrishikesh, C. A., Hsieh, H. -F., Hsiung, C., Hsu, H. C., Hsu, W. -F., Hu, P., Hu, Q., Huang, H. Y., Huang, Y. -J., Huddart, A. D., Hughey, B., Hui, D. C. 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Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We present the results of a search for gravitational-wave transients associated with core-collapse supernova SN 2023ixf, which was observed in the galaxy Messier 101 via optical emission on 2023 May 19th, during the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA 15th Engineering Run. We define a five-day on-source window during which an accompanying gravitational-wave signal may have occurred. No gravitational waves have been identified in data when at least two gravitational-wave observatories were operating, which covered $\sim 14\%$ of this five-day window. We report the search detection efficiency for various possible gravitational-wave emission models. Considering the distance to M101 (6.7 Mpc), we derive constraints on the gravitational-wave emission mechanism of core-collapse supernovae across a broad frequency spectrum, ranging from 50 Hz to 2 kHz where we assume the GW emission occurred when coincident data are available in the on-source window. Considering an ellipsoid model for a rotating proto-neutron star, our search is sensitive to gravitational-wave energy $1 \times 10^{-5} M_{\odot} c^2$ and luminosity $4 \times 10^{-5} M_{\odot} c^2/\text{s}$ for a source emitting at 50 Hz. These constraints are around an order of magnitude more stringent than those obtained so far with gravitational-wave data. The constraint on the ellipticity of the proto-neutron star that is formed is as low as $1.04$, at frequencies above $1200$ Hz, surpassing results from SN 2019ejj., Comment: Main paper: 6 pages, 4 figures and 1 table. Total with appendices: 20 pages, 4 figures, and 1 table

Published
2024

29. Gain Cell-Based Analog Content Addressable Memory for Dynamic Associative tasks in AI

Author

Manea, Paul-Philipp, Leroux, Nathan, Neftci, Emre, and Strachan, John Paul

Subjects
Computer Science - Emerging Technologies
Abstract

Analog Content Addressable Memories (aCAMs) have proven useful for associative in-memory computing applications like Decision Trees, Finite State Machines, and Hyper-dimensional Computing. While non-volatile implementations using FeFETs and ReRAM devices offer speed, power, and area advantages, they suffer from slow write speeds and limited write cycles, making them less suitable for computations involving fully dynamic data patterns. To address these limitations, in this work, we propose a capacitor gain cell-based aCAM designed for dynamic processing, where frequent memory updates are required. Our system compares analog input voltages to boundaries stored in capacitors, enabling efficient dynamic tasks. We demonstrate the application of aCAM within transformer attention mechanisms by replacing the softmax-scaled dot-product similarity with aCAM similarity, achieving competitive results. Circuit simulations on a TSMC 28 nm node show promising performance in terms of energy efficiency, precision, and latency, making it well-suited for fast, dynamic AI applications.

Published
2024

30. A search using GEO600 for gravitational waves coincident with fast radio bursts from SGR 1935+2154

Author

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, the KAGRA Collaboration, Abac, A. G., Abbott, R., Abouelfettouh, I., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adhicary, S., Adhikari, N., Adhikari, R. X., Adkins, V. K., Agarwal, D., Agathos, M., Abchouyeh, M. Aghaei, Aguiar, O. D., Aguilar, I., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Akutsu, T., Albanesi, S., Alfaidi, R. A., Al-Jodah, A., Alléné, C., Allocca, A., Al-Shammari, S., Altin, P. A., Alvarez-Lopez, S., Amato, A., Amez-Droz, L., Amorosi, A., Amra, C., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Andia, M., Ando, M., Andrade, T., Andres, N., Andrés-Carcasona, M., Andrić, T., Anglin, J., Ansoldi, S., Antelis, J. M., Antier, S., Aoumi, M., Appavuravther, E. Z., Appert, S., Apple, S. K., Arai, K., Araya, A., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Argianas, L., Aritomi, N., Armato, F., Arnaud, N., Arogeti, M., Aronson, S. M., Ashton, G., Aso, Y., Assiduo, M., Melo, S. Assis de Souza, Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Attadio, F., Aubin, F., AultONeal, K., Avallone, G., Azrad, D., Babak, S., Badaracco, F., Badger, C., Bae, S., Bagnasco, S., Bagui, E., Baier, J. G., Baiotti, L., Bajpai, R., Baka, T., Ball, M., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Banagiri, S., Banerjee, B., Bankar, D., Baral, P., Barayoga, J. C., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barneo, P., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartoletti, A. M., Barton, M. A., Bartos, I., Basak, S., Basalaev, A., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Bates, D. E., Bawaj, M., Baxi, P., Bayley, J. C., Baylor, A. C., Baynard II, P. A., Bazzan, M., Bedakihale, V. M., Beirnaert, F., Bejger, M., Belardinelli, D., Bell, A. S., Benedetto, V., Benoit, W., Bentley, J. D., Yaala, M. Ben, Bera, S., Berbel, M., Bergamin, F., Berger, B. K., Bernuzzi, S., Beroiz, M., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Beveridge, D., Bevins, N., Bhandare, R., Bhardwaj, U., Bhatt, R., Bhattacharjee, D., Bhaumik, S., Bhowmick, S., Bianchi, A., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Binetti, A., Bini, S., Birnholtz, O., Biscoveanu, S., Bisht, A., Bitossi, M., Bizouard, M. -A., Blackburn, J. K., Blagg, L. A., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Bobba, F., Bode, N., Boileau, G., Boldrini, M., Bolingbroke, G. N., Bolliand, A., Bonavena, L. D., Bondarescu, R., Bondu, F., Bonilla, E., Bonilla, M. S., Bonino, A., Bonnand, R., Booker, P., Borchers, A., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bossilkov, V., Boudart, V., Boudon, A., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Braglia, M., Branch, A., Branchesi, M., Brandt, J., Braun, I., Breschi, M., Briant, T., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brockill, P., Brockmueller, E., Brooks, A. F., Brown, B. C., Brown, D. D., Brozzetti, M. L., Brunett, S., Bruno, G., Bruntz, R., Bryant, J., Bucci, F., Buchanan, J., Bulashenko, O., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Burtnyk, K., Buscicchio, R., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Davies, G. S. Cabourn, Cabras, G., Cabrita, R., Cáceres-Barbosa, V., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. Calderón, Callister, T. A., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Canepa, M., Santoro, G. Caneva, Cannon, K. C., Cao, H., Capistran, L. A., Capocasa, E., Capote, E., Carapella, G., Carbognani, F., Carlassara, M., Carlin, J. B., Carpinelli, M., Carrillo, G., Carter, J. J., Carullo, G., Diaz, J. Casanueva, Casentini, C., Castro-Lucas, S. Y., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cerdá-Durán, P., Cesarini, E., Chaibi, W., Chakraborty, P., Subrahmanya, S. Chalathadka, Chan, J. C. L., Chan, M., Chandra, K., Chang, R. -J., Chao, S., Charlton, E. L., Charlton, P., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chatterjee, C., Chatterjee, Debarati, Chatterjee, Deep, Chaturvedi, M., Chaty, S., Chen, A., Chen, A. H. -Y., Chen, D., Chen, H., Chen, H. Y., Chen, J., Chen, K. H., Chen, Y., Chen, Yanbei, Chen, Yitian, Cheng, H. P., Chessa, P., Cheung, H. T., Cheung, S. Y., Chiadini, F., Chiarini, G., Chierici, R., Chincarini, A., Chiofalo, M. L., Chiummo, A., Chou, C., Choudhary, S., Christensen, N., Chua, S. S. Y., Chugh, P., Ciani, G., Ciecielag, P., Cieślar, M., Cifaldi, M., Ciolfi, R., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Clarke, J., Clarke, T. A., Clearwater, P., Clesse, S., Coccia, E., Codazzo, E., Cohadon, P. -F., Colace, S., Colleoni, M., Collette, C. G., Collins, J., Colloms, S., Colombo, A., Colpi, M., Compton, C. M., Connolly, G., Conti, L., Corbitt, T. R., Cordero-Carrión, I., Corezzi, S., Cornish, N. J., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Cottingham, R., Coughlin, M. W., Couineaux, A., Coulon, J. -P., Countryman, S. T., Coupechoux, J. -F., Couvares, P., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, R., Craig, K., Creed, R., Creighton, J. D. E., Creighton, T. D., Cremonese, P., Criswell, A. W., Crockett-Gray, J. C. G., Crook, S., Crouch, R., Csizmazia, J., Cudell, J. R., Cullen, T. J., Cumming, A., Cuoco, E., Cusinato, M., Dabadie, P., Canton, T. 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L., Dooney, T., Doravari, S., Dorosh, O., Drago, M., Driggers, J. C., Ducoin, J. -G., Dunn, L., Dupletsa, U., D'Urso, D., Duval, H., Duverne, P. -A., Dwyer, S. E., Eassa, C., Ebersold, M., Eckhardt, T., Eddolls, G., Edelman, B., Edo, T. B., Edy, O., Effler, A., Eichholz, J., Einsle, H., Eisenmann, M., Eisenstein, R. A., Ejlli, A., Eleveld, R. M., Emma, M., Endo, K., Engl, A. J., Enloe, E., Errico, L., Essick, R. C., Estellés, H., Estevez, D., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Evstafyeva, T., Ewing, B. E., Ezquiaga, J. M., Fabrizi, F., Faedi, F., Fafone, V., Fairhurst, S., Farah, A. M., Farr, B., Farr, W. M., Favaro, G., Favata, M., Fays, M., Fazio, M., Feicht, J., Fejer, M. M., Felicetti, R. ., Fenyvesi, E., Ferguson, D. L., Ferraiuolo, S., Ferrante, I., Ferreira, T. A., Fidecaro, F., Figura, P., Fiori, A., Fiori, I., Fishbach, M., Fisher, R. P., Fittipaldi, R., Fiumara, V., Flaminio, R., Fleischer, S. M., Fleming, L. S., Floden, E., Foley, E. M., Fong, H., Font, J. A., Fornal, B., Forsyth, P. W. F., Franceschetti, K., Franchini, N., Frasca, S., Frasconi, F., Mascioli, A. Frattale, Frei, Z., Freise, A., Freitas, O., Frey, R., Frischhertz, W., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fronzé, G. G., Fuentes-Garcia, M., Fujii, S., Fujimori, T., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Gadre, B., Gair, J. R., Galaudage, S., Galdi, V., Gallagher, H., Gallardo, S., Gallego, B., Gamba, R., Gamboa, A., Ganapathy, D., Ganguly, A., Garaventa, B., García-Bellido, J., Núñez, C. García, García-Quirós, C., Gardner, J. W., Gardner, K. A., Gargiulo, J., Garron, A., Garufi, F., Gasbarra, C., Gateley, B., Gayathri, V., Gemme, G., Gennai, A., Gennari, V., George, J., George, R., Gerberding, O., Gergely, L., Ghonge, S., Ghosh, Archisman, Ghosh, Sayantan, Ghosh, Shaon, Ghosh, Shrobana, Ghosh, Suprovo, Ghosh, Tathagata, Giacoppo, L., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Gibson, D. R., Gibson, D. T., Gier, C., Giri, P., Gissi, F., Gkaitatzis, S., Glanzer, J., Glotin, F., Godfrey, J., Godwin, P., Goebbels, N. L., Goetz, E., Golomb, J., Lopez, S. Gomez, Goncharov, B., Gong, Y., González, G., Goodarzi, P., Goode, S., Goodwin-Jones, A. W., Gosselin, M., Göttel, A. S., Gouaty, R., Gould, D. W., Govorkova, K., Goyal, S., Grace, B., Grado, A., Graham, V., Granados, A. E., Granata, M., Granata, V., Gras, S., Grassia, P., Gray, A., Gray, C., Gray, R., Greco, G., Green, A. C., Green, S. M., Green, S. R., Gretarsson, A. M., Gretarsson, E. M., Griffith, D., Griffiths, W. L., Griggs, H. L., Grignani, G., Grimaldi, A., Grimaud, C., Grote, H., Guerra, D., Guetta, D., Guidi, G. M., Guimaraes, A. R., Gulati, H. K., Gulminelli, F., Gunny, A. M., Guo, H., Guo, W., Guo, Y., Gupta, Anchal, Gupta, Anuradha, Gupta, Ish, Gupta, N. C., Gupta, P., Gupta, S. K., Gupta, T., Gupte, N., Gurs, J., Gutierrez, N., Guzman, F., H, H. -Y., Haba, D., Haberland, M., Haino, S., Hall, E. D., Hamilton, E. Z., Hammond, G., Han, W. -B., Haney, M., Hanks, J., Hanna, C., Hannam, M. D., Hannuksela, O. A., Hanselman, A. 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Y., Hui, V., Husa, S., Huxford, R., Huynh-Dinh, T., Iampieri, L., Iandolo, G. A., Ianni, M., Iess, A., Imafuku, H., Inayoshi, K., Inoue, Y., Iorio, G., Iqbal, M. H., Irwin, J., Ishikawa, R., Isi, M., Ismail, M. A., Itoh, Y., Iwanaga, H., Iwaya, M., Iyer, B. R., JaberianHamedan, V., Jacquet, C., Jacquet, P. -E., Jadhav, S. J., Jadhav, S. P., Jain, T., James, A. L., James, P. A., Jamshidi, R., Janquart, J., Janssens, K., Janthalur, N. N., Jaraba, S., Jaranowski, P., Jaume, R., Javed, W., Jennings, A., Jia, W., Jiang, J., Kubisz, J., Johanson, C., Johns, G. R., Johnson, N. A., Johnston, M. C., Johnston, R., Johny, N., Jones, D. H., Jones, D. I., Jones, R., Jose, S., Joshi, P., Ju, L., Jung, K., Junker, J., Juste, V., Kajita, T., Kaku, I., Kalaghatgi, C., Kalogera, V., Kamiizumi, M., Kanda, N., Kandhasamy, S., Kang, G., Kanner, J. B., Kapadia, S. J., Kapasi, D. 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R., Smith, L., Smith, R. J. E., Smith, W. J., Soldateschi, J., Somiya, K., Song, I., Soni, K., Soni, S., Sordini, V., Sorrentino, F., Sorrentino, N., Sotani, H., Soulard, R., Southgate, A., Spagnuolo, V., Spencer, A. P., Spera, M., Spinicelli, P., Spoon, J. B., Sprague, C. A., Srivastava, A. K., Stachurski, F., Steer, D. A., Steinlechner, J., Steinlechner, S., Stergioulas, N., Stevens, P., StPierre, M., Stratta, G., Strong, M. D., Strunk, A., Sturani, R., Stuver, A. L., Suchenek, M., Sudhagar, S., Sueltmann, N., Suleiman, L., Sullivan, K. D., Sun, L., Sunil, S., Suresh, J., Sutton, P. J., Suzuki, T., Suzuki, Y., Swinkels, B. L., Syx, A., Szczepańczyk, M. J., Szewczyk, P., Tacca, M., Tagoshi, H., Tait, S. C., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, R., Takamori, A., Takase, T., Takatani, K., Takeda, H., Takeshita, K., Talbot, C., Tamaki, M., Tamanini, N., Tanabe, D., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, S. J., Tanaka, T., Tang, D., Tanioka, S., Tanner, D. B., Tao, L., Tapia, R. D., Martín, E. N. 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A., Xu, Y., Yadav, N., Yamamoto, H., Yamamoto, K., Yamamoto, T. S., Yamamoto, T., Yamamura, S., Yamazaki, R., Yan, S., Yan, T., Yang, F. W., Yang, F., Yang, K. Z., Yang, Y., Yarbrough, Z., Yasui, H., Yeh, S. -W., Yelikar, A. B., Yin, X., Yokoyama, J., Yokozawa, T., Yoo, J., Yu, H., Yuan, S., Yuzurihara, H., Zadrożny, A., Zanolin, M., Zeeshan, M., Zelenova, T., Zendri, J. -P., Zeoli, M., Zerrad, M., Zevin, M., Zhang, A. C., Zhang, L., Zhang, R., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., Zhao, C., Zhao, Yue, Zhao, Yuhang, Zheng, Y., Zhong, H., Zhou, R., Zhu, X. -J., Zhu, Z. -H., Zucker, M. E., and Zweizig, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The magnetar SGR 1935+2154 is the only known Galactic source of fast radio bursts (FRBs). FRBs from SGR 1935+2154 were first detected by CHIME/FRB and STARE2 in 2020 April, after the conclusion of the LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA Collaborations' O3 observing run. Here we analyze four periods of gravitational wave (GW) data from the GEO600 detector coincident with four periods of FRB activity detected by CHIME/FRB, as well as X-ray glitches and X-ray bursts detected by NICER and NuSTAR close to the time of one of the FRBs. We do not detect any significant GW emission from any of the events. Instead, using a short-duration GW search (for bursts $\leq$ 1 s) we derive 50\% (90\%) upper limits of $10^{48}$ ($10^{49}$) erg for GWs at 300 Hz and $10^{49}$ ($10^{50}$) erg at 2 kHz, and constrain the GW-to-radio energy ratio to $\leq 10^{14} - 10^{16}$. We also derive upper limits from a long-duration search for bursts with durations between 1 and 10 s. These represent the strictest upper limits on concurrent GW emission from FRBs., Comment: 15 pages of text including references, 4 figures, 5 tables

Published
2024

31. STROBE-X High Energy Modular Array (HEMA)

Author

Hutcheson, Anthony L., Feroci, Marco, Argan, Andrea, Antonelli, Matias, Barbera, Marco, Bayer, Jorg, Bellutti, Pierluigi, Bertuccio, Giuseppe, Bonvicini, Valter, Cadoux, Franck, Campana, Riccardo, Vignali, Matteo Centis, Ceraudo, Francesco, Christophersen, Marc, Cirrincione, Daniela, D'Anca, Fabio, De Angelis, Nicolas, De Rosa, Alessandra, Della Casa, Giovanni, Del Monte, Ettore, Dilillo, Giuseppe, Evangelista, Yuri, Favre, Yannick, Ficorella, Francesco, Fiorini, Mauro, Ford, Jeremy J., Grassi, Marco, Grove, J. Eric, Guzman, Alejandro, Heddermann, Paul, Kole, Merlin R., Cicero, Ugo Lo, Lombardi, Giovanni, Malcovati, Piero, Michalska, Malgorzata, Meuris, Aline, Minervini, Gabriele, Nowosielski, Witold, Nuti, Alessio, Pacciani, Luigi, Pepponi, Giancarlo, Persyn, Steven C., Picciotto, Antonino, Pliego, Samuel, Rachevski, Alexander, Rashevskaya, Irina, Ray, Paul S., Samusenko, Alina, Santangelo, Andrea, Schanne, Stephane, Schwendeman, Carl L., Sleator, Clio, Smith, Jacob R., Sveda, Libor, Svoboda, Jiri, Tenzer, Christoph, Todaro, Michela, Trois, Alessio, Vacchi, Andrea, Xiong, Hao, Wang, Xianqi, Wu, Xin, Wulf, Eric A., Zampa, Gianluigi, Zampa, Nicola, Zdziarski, Andrzej, and Zorzi, Nicola

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The High Energy Modular Array (HEMA) is one of three instruments that compose the STROBE-X mission concept. The HEMA is a large-area, high-throughput non-imaging pointed instrument based on the Large Area Detector developed as part of the LOFT mission concept. It is designed for spectral timing measurements of a broad range of sources and provides a transformative increase in sensitivity to X-rays in the energy range of 2--30 keV compared to previous instruments, with an effective area of 3.4 m$^{2}$ at 8.5 keV and an energy resolution of better than 300 eV at 6 keV in its nominal field of regard., Comment: 16 pages, 10 figures

Published
2024
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32. Observation of disorder-free localization and efficient disorder averaging on a quantum processor

Author

Gyawali, Gaurav, Cochran, Tyler, Lensky, Yuri, Rosenberg, Eliott, Karamlou, Amir H., Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn, Berndtsson, Julia, Westerhout, Tom, Asfaw, Abraham, Abanin, Dmitry, Acharya, Rajeev, Beni, Laleh Aghababaie, Andersen, Trond I., Ansmann, Markus, Arute, Frank, Arya, Kunal, Astrakhantsev, Nikita, Atalaya, Juan, Babbush, Ryan, Ballard, Brian, Bardin, Joseph C., Bengtsson, Andreas, Bilmes, Alexander, Bortoli, Gina, Bourassa, Alexandre, Bovaird, Jenna, Brill, Leon, Broughton, Michael, Browne, David A., Buchea, Brett, Buckley, Bob B., Buell, David A., Burger, Tim, Burkett, Brian, Bushnell, Nicholas, Cabrera, Anthony, Campero, Juan, Chang, Hung-Shen, Chen, Zijun, Chiaro, Ben, Claes, Jahan, Cleland, Agnetta Y., Cogan, Josh, Collins, Roberto, Conner, Paul, Courtney, William, Crook, Alexander L., Das, Sayan, Debroy, Dripto M., De Lorenzo, Laura, Barba, Alexander Del Toro, Demura, Sean, Di Paolo, Agustin, Donohoe, Paul, Drozdov, Ilya, Dunsworth, Andrew, Earle, Clint, Eickbusch, Alec, Elbag, Aviv Moshe, Elzouka, Mahmoud, Erickson, Catherine, Faoro, Lara, Fatemi, Reza, Ferreira, Vinicius S., Burgos, Leslie Flores, Forati, Ebrahim, Fowler, Austin G., Foxen, Brooks, Ganjam, Suhas, Gasca, Robert, Giang, William, Gidney, Craig, Gilboa, Dar, Gosula, Raja, Dau, Alejandro Grajales, Graumann, Dietrich, Greene, Alex, Gross, Jonathan A., Habegger, Steve, Hamilton, Michael C., Hansen, Monica, Harrigan, Matthew P., Harrington, Sean D., Heslin, Stephen, Heu, Paula, Hill, Gordon, Hilton, Jeremy, Hoffmann, Markus R., Huang, Hsin-Yuan, Huff, Ashley, Huggins, William J., Ioffe, Lev B., Isakov, Sergei V., Jeffrey, Evan, Jiang, Zhang, Jones, Cody, Jordan, Stephen, Joshi, Chaitali, Juhas, Pavol, Kafri, Dvir, Kang, Hui, Khaire, Trupti, Khattar, Tanuj, Khezri, Mostafa, Kieferová, Mária, Kim, Seon, Klimov, Paul V., Klots, Andrey R., Kobrin, Bryce, Korotkov, Alexander N., Kostritsa, Fedor, Kreikebaum, John Mark, Kurilovich, Vladislav D., Landhuis, David, Lange-Dei, Tiano, Langley, Brandon W., Laptev, Pavel, Lau, Kim-Ming, Guevel, Loïck Le, Ledford, Justin, Lee, Joonho, Lee, Kenny, Lester, Brian J., Li, Wing Yan, Lill, Alexander T., Liu, Wayne, Livingston, William P., Locharla, Aditya, Lundahl, Daniel, Lunt, Aaron, Madhuk, Sid, Maloney, Ashley, Mandrà, Salvatore, Martin, Leigh S., Martin, Steven, Martin, Orion, Maxfield, Cameron, McClean, Jarrod R., McEwen, Matt, Meeks, Seneca, Megrant, Anthony, Mi, Xiao, Miao, Kevin C., Mieszala, Amanda, Molina, Sebastian, Montazeri, Shirin, Morvan, Alexis, Movassagh, Ramis, Neill, Charles, Nersisyan, Ani, Newman, Michael, Nguyen, Anthony, Nguyen, Murray, Ni, Chia-Hung, Niu, Murphy Yuezhen, Oliver, William D., Ottosson, Kristoffer, Pizzuto, Alex, Potter, Rebecca, Pritchard, Orion, Pryadko, Leonid P., Quintana, Chris, Reagor, Matthew J., Rhodes, David M., Roberts, Gabrielle, Rocque, Charles, Rubin, Nicholas C., Saei, Negar, Sankaragomathi, Kannan, Satzinger, Kevin J., Schurkus, Henry F., Schuster, Christopher, Shearn, Michael J., Shorter, Aaron, Shutty, Noah, Shvarts, Vladimir, Sivak, Volodymyr, Skruzny, Jindra, Small, Spencer, Smith, W. Clarke, Springer, Sofia, Sterling, George, Suchard, Jordan, Szalay, Marco, Szasz, Aaron, Sztein, Alex, Thor, Douglas, Torunbalci, M. Mert, Vaishnav, Abeer, Vdovichev, Sergey, Vidal, Guifré, Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff, Waltman, Steven, Wang, Shannon X., White, Theodore, Wong, Kristi, Woo, Bryan W. K., Xing, Cheng, Yao, Z. Jamie, Yeh, Ping, Ying, Bicheng, Yoo, Juhwan, Yosri, Noureldin, Young, Grayson, Zalcman, Adam, Zhang, Yaxing, Zhu, Ningfeng, Zobrist, Nicholas, Boixo, Sergio, Kelly, Julian, Lucero, Erik, Chen, Yu, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, Neven, Hartmut, Kovrizhin, Dmitry, Knolle, Johannes, Halimeh, Jad C., Aleiner, Igor, Moessner, Roderich, and Roushan, Pedram

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract

One of the most challenging problems in the computational study of localization in quantum manybody systems is to capture the effects of rare events, which requires sampling over exponentially many disorder realizations. We implement an efficient procedure on a quantum processor, leveraging quantum parallelism, to efficiently sample over all disorder realizations. We observe localization without disorder in quantum many-body dynamics in one and two dimensions: perturbations do not diffuse even though both the generator of evolution and the initial states are fully translationally invariant. The disorder strength as well as its density can be readily tuned using the initial state. Furthermore, we demonstrate the versatility of our platform by measuring Renyi entropies. Our method could also be extended to higher moments of the physical observables and disorder learning.

Published
2024

33. First Very Long Baseline Interferometry Detections at 870{\mu}m

Author

Raymond, Alexander W., Doeleman, Sheperd S., Asada, Keiichi, Blackburn, Lindy, Bower, Geoffrey C., Bremer, Michael, Broguiere, Dominique, Chen, Ming-Tang, Crew, Geoffrey B., Dornbusch, Sven, Fish, Vincent L., García, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Goddi, Ciriaco, Han, Chih-Chiang, Hecht, Michael H., Huang, Yau-De, Janssen, Michael, Keating, Garrett K., Koay, Jun Yi, Krichbaum, Thomas P., Lo, Wen-Ping, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D., Moran, James M., Norton, Timothy J., Patel, Nimesh, Pesce, Dominic W., Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Sánchez, Salvador, Tilanus, Remo P. J., Titus, Michael, Torne, Pablo, Wagner, Jan, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wielgus, Maciek, Young, André, Akiyama, Kazunori, Albentosa-Ruíz, Ezequiel, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Algaba, Juan Carlos, Anantua, Richard, Azulay, Rebecca, Bach, Uwe, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Baloković, Mislav, Bandyopadhyay, Bidisha, Barrett, John, Bauböck, Michi, Benson, Bradford A., Bintley, Dan, Blundell, Raymond, Bouman, Katherine L., Boyce, Hope, Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broderick, Avery E., Bronzwaer, Thomas, Bustamante, Sandra, Carlstrom, John E., Chael, Andrew, Chan, Chi-kwan, Chang, Dominic O., Chatterjee, Koushik, Chatterjee, Shami, Chen, Yongjun, Cheng, Xiaopeng, Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conroy, Nicholas S., Conway, John E., Crawford, Thomas M., Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, Cui, Yuzhu, Dahale, Rohan, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Dhruv, Vedant, Dihingia, Indu K., Dzib, Sergio A., Eatough, Ralph P., Emami, Razieh, Falcke, Heino, Farah, Joseph, Fomalont, Edward, Fontana, Anne-Laure, Ford, H. Alyson, Foschi, Marianna, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Freeman, William T., Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Fuentes, Antonio, Galison, Peter, Gammie, Charles F., Georgiev, Boris, Gold, Roman, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., Gómez, José L., Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Haggard, Daryl, Hesper, Ronald, Heumann, Dirk, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette, Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra, Johnson, Michael D., Jorstad, Svetlana, Jones, Adam C., Joshi, Abhishek V., Jung, Taehyun, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Jae-Young, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Junhan, Kino, Motoki, Kocherlakota, Prashant, Kofuji, Yutaro, Koch, Patrick M., Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Carsten, Kramer, Joana A., Kramer, Michael, Kubo, Derek, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, La Bella, Noemi, Lee, Sang-Sung, Levis, Aviad, Li, Zhiyuan, Lico, Rocco, Lindahl, Greg, Lindqvist, Michael, Lisakov, Mikhail, Liu, Jun, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin J., Lowitz, Amy E., Lu, Ru-Sen, MacDonald, Nicholas R., Mahieu, Sylvain, Maier, Doris, Mao, Jirong, Marchili, Nicola, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel P., Marscher, Alan P., Martí-Vidal, Iván, Medeiros, Lia, Menten, Karl M., Mizuno, Izumi, Mizuno, Yosuke, Montgomery, Joshua, Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Mulaudzi, Wanga, Müller, Cornelia, Müller, Hendrik, Mus, Alejandro, Musoke, Gibwa, Myserlis, Ioannis, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Nathanail, Antonios, Fuentes, Santiago Navarro, Neilsen, Joey, Ni, Chunchong, Nowak, Michael A., Oh, Junghwan, Okino, Hiroki, Sánchez, Héctor Raúl Olivares, Oyama, Tomoaki, Özel, Feryal, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Paraschos, Georgios Filippos, Park, Jongho, Parsons, Harriet, Pen, Ue-Li, Piétu, Vincent, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Prather, Ben, Principe, Giacomo, Psaltis, Dimitrios, Pu, Hung-Yi, Raffin, Philippe A., Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Ricarte, Angelo, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Romero-Cañizales, Cristina, Ros, Eduardo, Roshanineshat, Arash, Ruiz, Ignacio, Ruszczyk, Chet, Rygl, Kazi L. J., Sánchez-Argüelles, David, Sánchez-Portal, Miguel, Sasada, Mahito, Satapathy, Kaushik, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schonfeld, Jonathan, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Salas, León David Sosapanta, Souccar, Kamal, Srinivasan, Ranjani, Stanway, Joshua S., Sun, He, Tazaki, Fumie, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., Tiede, Paul, Toma, Kenji, Toscano, Teresa, Traianou, Efthalia, Trent, Tyler, Trippe, Sascha, Turk, Matthew, van Bemmel, Ilse, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Vos, Jesse, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Wardle, John, Washington, Jasmin E., Wharton, Robert, Wiik, Kaj, Witzel, Gunther, Wondrak, Michael F., Wong, George N., Wu, Qingwen, Yadlapalli, Nitika, Yamaguchi, Paul, Yfantis, Aristomenis, Yoon, Doosoo, Younsi, Ziri, Yu, Wei, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhang, Shuo, Zhao, Guang-Yao, and Zhao, Shan-Shan

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The first very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) detections at 870$\mu$m wavelength (345$\,$GHz frequency) are reported, achieving the highest diffraction-limited angular resolution yet obtained from the surface of the Earth, and the highest-frequency example of the VLBI technique to date. These include strong detections for multiple sources observed on inter-continental baselines between telescopes in Chile, Hawaii, and Spain, obtained during observations in October 2018. The longest-baseline detections approach 11$\,$G$\lambda$ corresponding to an angular resolution, or fringe spacing, of 19$\mu$as. The Allan deviation of the visibility phase at 870$\mu$m is comparable to that at 1.3$\,$mm on the relevant integration time scales between 2 and 100$\,$s. The detections confirm that the sensitivity and signal chain stability of stations in the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) array are suitable for VLBI observations at 870$\mu$m. Operation at this short wavelength, combined with anticipated enhancements of the EHT, will lead to a unique high angular resolution instrument for black hole studies, capable of resolving the event horizons of supermassive black holes in both space and time., Comment: Corresponding author: S. Doeleman

Published
2024
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34. Singlet Geminal Wavefunctions

Author

Johnson, Paul A., Moisset, Jean-David, Gratton, Marianne, Baril, Émile, Plourde, Marc-Antoine, Lefebvre, Mathis, Kerleaux, Marianne, Ayers, Paul W., Cassam-Chenaï, Patrick, De Baerdemacker, Stijn, and Van Neck, Dimitri

Subjects
Physics - Chemical Physics
Abstract

Wavefunction forms based on products of electron pairs are usually constructed as closed-shell singlets, which is insufficient when the molecular state has a nonzero spin or when the chemistry is determined by $d$- or $f-$electrons. A set of two-electron forms are considered as explicit couplings of second-quantized operators to open-shell singlets. Geminal wavefunctions are constructed and their structure is elaborated. Numerical results for small model systems clearly demonstrate improvement over closed-shell singlet pairs.

Published
2024

35. The Sound Radiated by Tip Clearances Submerged in a Boundary Layer

Author

Awasthi, Manuj, Moreau, Danielle, Croaker, Paul, and Dylejko, Paul

Subjects
Physics - Fluid Dynamics
Abstract

The present study investigates the behaviour of the far-field sound radiated by low Mach number tip clearance flow induced by placing a stationary cambered airfoil adjacent to a stationary wall. The tip clearance heights ranged from 14% to 30% of the incoming, undisturbed boundary layer thickness and the clearance heights based Reynolds numbers were between 2,600 and 16,000. The far-field sound measured using a microphone array was beamformed to reveal the dominant noise sources and how they behave when the flow Mach number, angle of attack and the clearance height were varied. The near-field behaviour was also examined through PIV measurements and surface pressure fluctuation measurements on the tip. The results show that the mid-to-high frequency noise generated by tip clearances is dominated by the leakage flow in the mid-chord and leading-edge regions, while a distinct low-frequency noise source with a different scaling behaviour exists close to the trailing-edge of the tip clearance. The origin of this low-frequency noise source is believed to be the tip separation vortex that resides close to the trailing-edge and induces significant turbulence levels in the region. The strength of this noise source decreases with clearance height which is consistent with a reduction in turbulence levels associated with the separation vortex. The magnitude of the mid-frequency clearance noise which scales with the sixth power of the Mach number, decreases with tip clearance height due to a reduction in the fluctuating pressure on the airfoil tip surface. The time-scale of this sound was independent of the flow velocity, implying that the source is non-compact. Smaller tip clearances were also found to generate louder high-frequency noise due to intense turbulence and pressure fluctuation levels concentrated near the leading-edge of the clearance., Comment: Submitted to Applied Acoustics Journal

Published
2024

36. Reproducibility Needs Reshape Scientific Data Governance

Author

Meijer, Paul, Aggoune, Yousef, Ambrose, Madeline, Beaubien, Aldan, Harvey, James, Howard, Nicole, Inala, Neelima, Johnson, Ed, Kelsey, Autumn, Kinsey, Melissa, Liang, Jessica, Mariz, Paul, Pister, Stark, Subramanian, Sathya, Tereshchenko, Vitalii, and Vetto, Anne

Subjects
Computer Science - Computers and Society
Abstract

Scientific data governance should prioritize maximizing the utility of data throughout the research lifecycle. Research software systems that enable analysis reproducibility inform data governance policies and assist administrators in setting clear guidelines for data reuse, data retention, and the management of scientific computing needs. Proactive analysis reproducibility and data governance are integral and interconnected components of research lifecycle management.

Published
2024

37. Analog In-Memory Computing Attention Mechanism for Fast and Energy-Efficient Large Language Models

Author

Leroux, Nathan, Manea, Paul-Philipp, Sudarshan, Chirag, Finkbeiner, Jan, Siegel, Sebastian, Strachan, John Paul, and Neftci, Emre

Subjects
Computer Science - Neural and Evolutionary Computing, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Hardware Architecture, Computer Science - Emerging Technologies
Abstract

Transformer neural networks, driven by self-attention mechanisms, are core components of foundational and Large Language Models. In generative transformers, self-attention uses cache memory to store token projections, avoiding recomputation at each time step. However, GPU-stored projections must be loaded into SRAM for each new generation step, causing latency and energy bottlenecks for long sequences. In this work, we propose a fast and energy-efficient hardware implementation of self-attention using analog in-memory computing based on gain cell memories. Volatile gain cell memories can be efficiently written to store new tokens during sequence generation, while performing analog signed weight multiplications to compute the dot-products required for self-attention. We implement Sliding Window Attention, which keeps memory of a finite set of past steps. A charge-to-pulse converter for array readout eliminates the need for analog-to-digital conversion between self-attention stages. Using a co-designed initialization algorithm to adapt pre-trained weights to gain cell non-idealities, we achieve NLP performance comparable to ChatGPT-2 with minimal training iterations, despite hardware constraints. Our end-to-end hardware design includes digital controls, estimating area, latency, and energy. The system reduces attention latency by up to two orders of magnitude and energy consumption by up to five orders compared to GPUs, marking a significant step toward ultra-fast, low-power sequence generation in Large Language Models., Comment: 25 pages, 6 figures, 1 table

Published
2024

38. Visualizing Dynamics of Charges and Strings in (2+1)D Lattice Gauge Theories

Author

Cochran, Tyler A., Jobst, Bernhard, Rosenberg, Eliott, Lensky, Yuri D., Gyawali, Gaurav, Eassa, Norhan, Will, Melissa, Abanin, Dmitry, Acharya, Rajeev, Beni, Laleh Aghababaie, Andersen, Trond I., Ansmann, Markus, Arute, Frank, Arya, Kunal, Asfaw, Abraham, Atalaya, Juan, Babbush, Ryan, Ballard, Brian, Bardin, Joseph C., Bengtsson, Andreas, Bilmes, Alexander, Bourassa, Alexandre, Bovaird, Jenna, Broughton, Michael, Browne, David A., Buchea, Brett, Buckley, Bob B., Burger, Tim, Burkett, Brian, Bushnell, Nicholas, Cabrera, Anthony, Campero, Juan, Chang, Hung-Shen, Chen, Zijun, Chiaro, Ben, Claes, Jahan, Cleland, Agnetta Y., Cogan, Josh, Collins, Roberto, Conner, Paul, Courtney, William, Crook, Alexander L., Curtin, Ben, Das, Sayan, Demura, Sean, De Lorenzo, Laura, Di Paolo, Agustin, Donohoe, Paul, Drozdov, Ilya, Dunsworth, Andrew, Eickbusch, Alec, Elbag, Aviv Moshe, Elzouka, Mahmoud, Erickson, Catherine, Ferreira, Vinicius S., Burgos, Leslie Flores, Forati, Ebrahim, Fowler, Austin G., Foxen, Brooks, Ganjam, Suhas, Gasca, Robert, Genois, Élie, Giang, William, Gilboa, Dar, Gosula, Raja, Dau, Alejandro Grajales, Graumann, Dietrich, Greene, Alex, Gross, Jonathan A., Habegger, Steve, Hansen, Monica, Harrigan, Matthew P., Harrington, Sean D., Heu, Paula, Higgott, Oscar, Hilton, Jeremy, Huang, Hsin-Yuan, Huff, Ashley, Huggins, William J., Jeffrey, Evan, Jiang, Zhang, Jones, Cody, Joshi, Chaitali, Juhas, Pavol, Kafri, Dvir, Kang, Hui, Karamlou, Amir H., Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn, Khaire, Trupti, Khattar, Tanuj, Khezri, Mostafa, Kim, Seon, Klimov, Paul V., Kobrin, Bryce, Korotkov, Alexander N., Kostritsa, Fedor, Kreikebaum, John Mark, Kurilovich, Vladislav D., Landhuis, David, Lange-Dei, Tiano, Langley, Brandon W., Lau, Kim-Ming, Ledford, Justin, Lee, Kenny, Lester, Brian J., Guevel, Loïck Le, Li, Wing Yan, Lill, Alexander T., Livingston, William P., Locharla, Aditya, Lundahl, Daniel, Lunt, Aaron, Madhuk, Sid, Maloney, Ashley, Mandrà, Salvatore, Martin, Leigh S., Martin, Orion, Maxfield, Cameron, McClean, Jarrod R., McEwen, Matt, Meeks, Seneca, Megrant, Anthony, Miao, Kevin C., Molavi, Reza, Molina, Sebastian, Montazeri, Shirin, Movassagh, Ramis, Neill, Charles, Newman, Michael, Nguyen, Anthony, Nguyen, Murray, Ni, Chia-Hung, Niu, Murphy Yuezhen, Oliver, William D., Ottosson, Kristoffer, Pizzuto, Alex, Potter, Rebecca, Pritchard, Orion, Quintana, Chris, Ramachandran, Ganesh, Reagor, Matthew J., Rhodes, David M., Roberts, Gabrielle, Sankaragomathi, Kannan, Satzinger, Kevin J., Schurkus, Henry F., Shearn, Michael J., Shorter, Aaron, Shutty, Noah, Shvarts, Vladimir, Sivak, Volodymyr, Small, Spencer, Smith, W. Clarke, Springer, Sofia, Sterling, George, Suchard, Jordan, Szasz, Aaron, Sztein, Alex, Thor, Douglas, Torunbalci, M. Mert, Vaishnav, Abeer, Vargas, Justin, Vdovichev, Sergey, Vidal, Guifre, Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff, Waltman, Steven, Wang, Shannon X., Ware, Brayden, White, Theodore, Wong, Kristi, Woo, Bryan W. K., Xing, Cheng, Yao, Z. Jamie, Yeh, Ping, Ying, Bicheng, Yoo, Juhwan, Yosri, Noureldin, Young, Grayson, Zalcman, Adam, Zhang, Yaxing, Zhu, Ningfeng, Zobris, Nicholas, Boixo, Sergio, Kelly, Julian, Lucero, Erik, Chen, Yu, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, Neven, Hartmut, Gammon-Smith, Adam, Pollmann, Frank, Knap, Michael, and Roushan, Pedram

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract

Lattice gauge theories (LGTs) can be employed to understand a wide range of phenomena, from elementary particle scattering in high-energy physics to effective descriptions of many-body interactions in materials. Studying dynamical properties of emergent phases can be challenging as it requires solving many-body problems that are generally beyond perturbative limits. We investigate the dynamics of local excitations in a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ LGT using a two-dimensional lattice of superconducting qubits. We first construct a simple variational circuit which prepares low-energy states that have a large overlap with the ground state; then we create particles with local gates and simulate their quantum dynamics via a discretized time evolution. As the effective magnetic field is increased, our measurements show signatures of transitioning from deconfined to confined dynamics. For confined excitations, the magnetic field induces a tension in the string connecting them. Our method allows us to experimentally image string dynamics in a (2+1)D LGT from which we uncover two distinct regimes inside the confining phase: for weak confinement the string fluctuates strongly in the transverse direction, while for strong confinement transverse fluctuations are effectively frozen. In addition, we demonstrate a resonance condition at which dynamical string breaking is facilitated. Our LGT implementation on a quantum processor presents a novel set of techniques for investigating emergent particle and string dynamics.

Published
2024

39. The Near-Ultraviolet eXplorer (NUX): a ground-based wide-field near-UV telescope to search for near-UV transients

Author

Wijnands, Rudy, Bloemen, Steven, Sloot, Rasjied, ter Horst, Rik, Young, Andre, Bakker, Mattijs, Groot, Paul, and Vreeswijk, Paul

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the Near-Ultraviolet eXplorer (NUX), which will consist out of 4 small (36 cm diameter) ground-based telescopes that are optimized for the shortest wavelengths that are detectable from Earth (i.e., the near-UV [NUV] wavelength range of 300-350 nm). Each telescope will have a field-of-view of ~17 square degrees sampled at ~2.6"/pixel, and will reach a NUV magnitude (AB) of 20 in 2.5 minutes exposures (in dark time). The goal of NUX is to improve our understanding of the physical processes that power fast (days) to very fast (hours) hot transients, such as shock-breakout and shock-cooling emission of supernovae and the electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational wave events. Each telescope will be an off-the-shelf 14" Celestron RASA telescope, retrofitted with NUV optics. We have already demonstrated that the normal Schmidt corrector of this telescope can be replaced by a custom made one consisting of NUV transparent glass. Currently, a prototype NUX telescope is being fully assembled to demonstrate the technical and scientific feasibility of the NUX concept. Site tests will be held (in 2025/2026) at La Silla, Chile, to determine the NUV characteristics of the atmosphere at this site., Comment: Published in Proc. SPIE 13094, Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes X, 1309430 (11 September 2024)

Published
2024
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40. Hertzsprung gap stars in nearby galaxies and the Quest for Luminous Red Novae Progenitors

Author

Tranin, Hugo, Blagorodnova, Nadejda, Karambelkar, Viraj, Groot, Paul J., Bloemen, Steven, Vreeswijk, Paul M., Pieterse, Daniëlle, and van Roestel, Jan

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

After the main sequence phase, stars more massive than 2.5 M$_\odot$ rapidly evolve through the Hertzsprung gap as yellow giants and supergiants (YSG), before settling into the red giant branch. Identifying YSG in nearby galaxies is crucial for pinpointing progenitors of luminous red novae (LRNe) - astrophysical transients attributed to stellar mergers. In the era of extensive transient surveys like the Vera Rubin Observatory's LSST, this approach offers a new way to predict and select common envelope transients. This study investigates potential progenitors and precursors of LRNe by analysing Hubble Space Telescope (HST) photometry of stellar populations in galaxies within 20 Mpc to identify YSG candidates. Additionally, we use ZTF and MeerLICHT/BlackGEM to identify possible precursors, preparing for future observations by the LSST. We compiled a sample of 369 galaxies with HST exposures in the F475W, F555W, F606W, and F814W filters. We identified YSG candidates using MESA stellar evolution tracks and statistical analysis of color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs). Our sample includes 246,573 YSG candidates with masses between 3 and 20 $M_\odot$ and is affected by various contaminants, such as foreground stars and extinguished main-sequence stars. After excluding foreground stars using Gaia proper motions, contamination is estimated at 1.7\% from foreground stars and 20\% from extinction affecting main-sequence stars. Combining our YSG candidates with time-domain catalogs yielded several interesting candidates. Notably, we identified 12 LRN precursor candidates for which followup is encouraged. We highlight the importance of monitoring future transients that match YSG candidates to avoid missing potential LRNe and other rare transients. LSST will be a game changer in the search for LRN progenitors and precursors, discovering over 300,000 new YSG and 100 precursors within 20 Mpc., Comment: Submitted to A\&A. 17 pages, 21 figures

Published
2024

41. High-quality hexagonal boron nitride selectively grown on patterned epigraphene by MOVPE

Author

Ottapilakkal, Vishnu, Juyal, Abhishek, Sundaram, Suresh, Vuong, Phuong, Beck, Collin, Dudeck, Noel L., Bencherif, Amira, Loiseau, Annick, Fossard, Frédéric, Mérot, Jean-Sebastien, Chapron, David, Kauffmann, Thomas H., Salvestrini, Jean-Paul, Voss, Paul L., de Heer, Walt A., Berger, Claire, and Ougazzaden, Abdallah

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

Hexagonal boron nitride encapsulation is the method of choice for protecting graphene from environmental doping and impurity scattering. It was previously demonstrated that metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) grows epitaxially ordered, uniform BN layers on epigraphene (graphene grown on SiC). Due to graphene non-wetting properties, h-BN growth starts preferentially from the graphene ledges. We use this fact here to selectively promote growth of high-quality flat h-BN on epigraphene by patterning epigraphene microstructures prior to BN growth. Thin h-BN films (down to 6 nm) grown by MOVPE show smooth and pleated surface morphology on epigraphene, while crumpled BN is observed on the SiC. Cross-sectional high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images and fluorescence imaging confirm the higher BN quality grown on the epigraphene. Transport measurements reveal p-doping as expected from hydrogen intercalation of epigraphene and regions of high and low mobility. This method can be used to produce structurally uniform high-quality h-BN/epigraphene micro/nano scale heterostructure.

Published
2024

42. Strain Optimization for ReBCO High-Temperature Superconducting Stellarator Coils in SIMSOPT

Author

Huslage, Paul, Paul, Elisabeth J., Gil, Mohammed Haque. Pedro F., Foppiani, Nicolo, Smoniewsk, Jason, and Stenson, Eve. V.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

This work provides an optimization mechanism to ensure the compatibility of ReBCO (Rare-earth Barium Copper Oxide) high-temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes with non-planar stellarator coils. ReBCO coils enable higher field strengths and operating temperatures for the magnet systems of future fusion reactors but are sensitive to strain due to their brittle, ceramic functional layer. We have implemented a metric to optimize strain on stellarator coils made from ReBCO superconductors into the stellarator optimization framework \texttt{SIMSOPT} and used it to design new stellarator coil configurations. To ensure structural integrity of coils wound with HTS tape, we introduce a penalty on binormal curvature and torsion along a coil. It can be used to optimize the orientation of the winding path for a given coil filament or to jointly optimize orientation and coil filament. We apply the strain optimization to three cases. For the EPOS (Electrons and Positrons in an Optimized Stellarator) design, we combine the strain penalty with an objective for quasisymmetry into a single-stage optimization; this enables us to find a configuration with excellent quasisymmetry at the smallest possible size compatible with the use of ReBCO tape. For CSX (Columbia Stellarator eXperiment), in addition to HTS strain, we add a penalty to prevent net tape rotation to ease the coil winding process. If the strain is calculated for a coil at reactor scale, we find a considerable variation of the binormal and torsional strain over the cross section of the large winding pack (0.5\,m x 0.5\,m). By exploiting the overall orientation of the winding pack as a degree of freedom, we can reduce binormal and torsional strains below limits for every ReBCO stack., Comment: 14 pages, 14 figures

Published
2024

43. Teaching College in the High School: Unique Features and Challenges of Site-Based Dual Enrollment

Author

Paul Williams

Abstract

After a sharp decline associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, 2023 marked two consecutive years of increase in the number of freshman and high-school dual enrollees, with under-18-year-olds driving a disproportionate share of this growth. The rising importance of this latter student group presents new opportunities for colleges as well as underappreciated challenges rooted precisely in the high-school locale of concurrent Dual Enrollment courses. While some known stumbling blocks to effective college-level instruction for high school students are inherent in the age and lower maturity levels of the dominant age cohort, others stem from matters beyond the control of students and instructors, such as different academic policies and environments of the two governing educational institutions or even the federally mandated Internet-filtering across the K-12 system. Based on first-hand observation and supported by surveys of students enrolled in the Northern Virginia Community College (NVCC) course entitled PLS 135 (U.S. Government and Politics), including from my own high school, home district (Loudoun County Public Schools), and two neighboring Virginia public-school systems, this paper offers one instructor's perspective on the unique features and challenges of teaching college-sponsored classes in the high-school building.

Published
2024

44. Bridging Educational Gaps, Building Brighter Futures: Paid High School Work-Study Programs. Issue Brief

Author

Manhattan Institute (MI) and Paul G. Vallas

Abstract

Students who have dropped out of high school--and those at risk of doing so--are at greater risk of lifelong poverty, involvement with the criminal justice system, dependence on government welfare programs, and even premature death. In the last few years, however, the problems at high schools have compounded, as pandemic-era school closures led to dramatic drops in math and reading proficiency, as well as a spike in chronic absenteeism. In the wake of the pandemic, there is thus a pressing need--as well as an opportunity--to find new, innovative approaches for recovering dropouts and retaining those at risk of dropping out. Paid high school work-study programs are a promising way to help provide opportunities to the most vulnerable teenagers and young adults. Before graduating from high school, students enrolled in work-study programs are employed in paid jobs to gain valuable, marketable skills while often receiving their first wages and being kept safe. Work-study programs make high school relevant, thus helping to prevent dropouts and to reclaim those who have already left. In preventing more students from exiting the school system, these programs can make the U.S. more economically competitive and turn around the lives of thousands of students who would otherwise likely fall into lifelong dead ends. School-district officials should work to establish these programs, starting with a select number of high schools and partners in the private sector and skilled trades.

Published
2024

45. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in drinking water in Southeast Los Angeles: Industrial legacy and environmental justice

Author

Von Behren, Julie, Reynolds, Peggy, Bradley, Paul M, Gray, James L, Kolpin, Dana W, Romanok, Kristin M, Smalling, Kelly L, Carpenter, Catherine, Avila, Wendy, Ventura, Andria, English, Paul B, Jones, Rena R, and Solomon, Gina M

Subjects
Environmental Sciences, Pollution and Contamination, Foodborne Illness, Health Disparities, Social Determinants of Health, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Los Angeles, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Drinking Water, Fluorocarbons, Environmental Monitoring, Alkanesulfonic Acids, Caprylates, Water Supply, PFAS, Drinking water, California, Environmental justice
Abstract

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent chemicals of increasing concern to human health. PFAS contamination in water systems has been linked to a variety of sources including hydrocarbon fire suppression activities, industrial and military land uses, agricultural applications of biosolids, and consumer products. To assess PFAS in California tap water, we collected 60 water samples from inside homes in four different geographic regions, both urban and rural. We selected mostly small water systems with known history of industrial chemical or pesticide contamination and that served socioeconomically disadvantaged communities. Thirty percent of the tap water samples (18) had a detection of at least one of the 32 targeted PFAS and most detections (89 %) occurred in heavily industrialized Southeast Los Angeles (SELA). The residents of SELA are predominately Latino and low-income. Concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) ranged from 6.8 to 13.6 ng/L and 9.4-17.8 ng/L, respectively in SELA and were higher than State (PFOA: 0.007 ng/L; PFOS: 1.0 ng/L) and national health-based goals (zero). To look for geographic patterns, we mapped potential sources of PFAS contamination, such as chrome plating facilities, airports, landfills, and refineries, located near the SELA water systems; consistent with the multiple potential sources in the area, no clear spatial associations were observed. The results indicate the importance of systematic testing of PFAS in tap water, continued development of PFAS regulatory standards and advisories for a greater number of compounds, improved drinking-water treatments to mitigate potential health threats to communities, especially in socioeconomically disadvantaged and industrialized areas.

Published
2024

46. Integrated Safety and Efficacy Analyses of Phase 3 Trials of a Microbiome Therapeutic for Recurrent CDI.

Author

Kraft, Colleen, Sims, Matthew, Silverman, Michael, Louie, Thomas, Feuerstadt, Paul, Huang, Edward, Khanna, Sahil, Berenson, Charles, Wang, Elaine, Cohen, Stuart, Korman, Louis, Lee, Christine, Kelly, Colleen, Odio, Alberto, Cook, Paul, Lashner, Bret, Ramesh, Mayur, Kumar, Princy, De, Ananya, Memisoglu, Asli, Lombardi, David, Hasson, Brooke, McGovern, Barbara, von Moltke, Lisa, and Pardi, Darrell

Subjects
Clostridioides difficile infection, Microbiome, Microbiome therapeutics, Recurrent C. difficile infection
Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI) often occurs after standard-of-care antibiotics. VOWST oral spores (VOS, previously SER-109), an FDA-approved orally administered microbiome therapeutic, is indicated to prevent rCDI following antibiotics for rCDI. OBJECTIVE, DESIGN, AND PATIENTS: To evaluate safety and efficacy of VOS from two phase 3 trials, (randomized, placebo-controlled [ECOSPOR III: NCT03183128] and open-label, single arm [ECOSPOR IV: NCT03183141]) of 349 adults with rCDI and prevalent comorbidities. METHODS: VOS or placebo [ECOSPOR III only] (4 capsules once daily for 3 days). Integrated analysis of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) collected through week 8; serious TEAEs and TEAEs of special interest collected through week 24; and rates of rCDI (toxin-positive diarrhea requiring treatment) evaluated through weeks 8 and 24. RESULTS: TEAEs were mostly mild or moderate and gastrointestinal. Most common treatment-related TEAEs were flatulence, abdominal pain and distension, fatigue, and diarrhea. There were 11 deaths (3.2%) and 48 patients (13.8%) with serious TEAEs, none treatment-related. The rCDI rate through week 8 was 9.5% (95% CI 6.6-13.0) and remained low through 24 weeks (15.2%; 95% CI 11.6-19.4). Safety and rCDI rates were consistent across subgroups including age, renal impairment/failure, diabetes, and immunocompromise/immunosuppression. CONCLUSIONS: VOS was well tolerated and rates of rCDI remained low through week 24 including in those with comorbidities. These data support the potential benefit of VOS following antibiotics to prevent recurrence in high-risk patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT03183128 and NCT03183141.

Published
2024

47. Overview of ADNI MRI

Author

Jack, Clifford R, Arani, Arvin, Borowski, Bret J, Cash, Dave M, Crawford, Karen, Das, Sandhitsu R, DeCarli, Charles, Fletcher, Evan, Fox, Nick C, Gunter, Jeffrey L, Ittyerah, Ranjit, Harvey, Danielle J, Jahanshad, Neda, Maillard, Pauline, Malone, Ian B, Nir, Talia M, Reid, Robert I, Reyes, Denise A, Schwarz, Christopher G, Senjem, Matthew L, Thomas, David L, Thompson, Paul M, Tosun, Duygu, Yushkevich, Paul A, Ward, Chadwick P, Weiner, Michael W, and Initiative, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Clinical Sciences, Aging, Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD), Alzheimer's Disease, Acquired Cognitive Impairment, Brain Disorders, Neurodegenerative, Biomedical Imaging, Clinical Research, Dementia, Bioengineering, Humans, Alzheimer Disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neuroimaging, Brain, ADNI, Alzheimer's disease imaging, Alzheimer's disease MRI, magnetic resonance imaging, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Geriatrics, Clinical sciences, Biological psychology
Abstract

The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Core has been operating since Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative's (ADNI) inception, providing 20 years of data including reliable, multi-platform standardized protocols, carefully curated image data, and quantitative measures provided by expert investigators. The overarching purposes of the MRI Core include: (1) optimizing and standardizing MRI acquisition methods, which have been adopted by many multicenter studies and trials worldwide and (2) providing curated images and numeric summary values from relevant MRI sequences/contrasts to the scientific community. Over time, ADNI MRI has become increasingly complex. To remain technically current, the ADNI MRI protocol has changed substantially over the past two decades. The ADNI 4 protocol contains nine different imaging types (e.g., three dimensional [3D] T1-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery [FLAIR]). Our view is that the ADNI MRI data are a greatly underutilized resource. The purpose of this paper is to educate the scientific community on ADNI MRI methods and content to promote greater awareness, accessibility, and use. HIGHLIGHTS: The MRI Core provides multi-platform standardized protocols, carefully curated image data, and quantitative analysis by expert groups. The ADNI MRI protocol has undergone major changes over the past two decades to remain technically current. As of April 25, 2024, the following numbers of image series are available: 17,141 3D T1w; 6877 FLAIR; 3140 T2/PD; 6623 GRE; 3237 dMRI; 2846 ASL; 2968 TF-fMRI; and 2861 HighResHippo (see Table 1 for abbreviations). As of April 25, 2024, the following numbers of quantitative analyses are available: FreeSurfer 10,997; BSI 6120; tensor based morphometry (TBM) and TBM-SYN 12,019; WMH 9944; dMRI 1913; ASL 925; TF-fMRI NFQ 2992; and medial temporal subregion volumes 2726 (see Table 4 for abbreviations). ADNI MRI is an underutilized resource that could be more useful to the research community.

Published
2024

48. Immunogenicity of concomitant SARS-CoV-2 and influenza vaccination in UK healthcare workers: a prospective longitudinal observational study.

Author

Nazareth, Joshua, Martin, Christopher, Pan, Daniel, Barr, Ian, Sullivan, Sheena, Peck, Heidi, Veli, Neyme, Das, Mrinal, Bryant, Luke, George, Nisha, Gohar, Marjan, Gray, Laura, Teece, Lucy, Vail, Denny, Renals, Val, Karia, Aleesha, Renals, Paul, Moss, Paul, Tattersall, Andrea, Otter, Ashley, Haldar, Pranab, Cooper, Andrea, Stephenson, Iain, Wiselka, Martin, Tang, Julian, Nellums, Laura, and Pareek, Manish

Subjects
Immunogenicity, Influenza, SARS-CoV-2, Vaccine co-administration
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Co-administration of inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine may impact SARS-CoV-2 vaccine induced humoral immune responses. We aimed to compare IIV and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine induced cellular and humoral immune responses in those receiving concomitant vaccination to those receiving these vaccines separately. METHODS: We conducted a cohort study between 29th September 2021 and 5th August 2022 in healthcare workers who worked at the local NHS trust and in the surrounding area that were vaccinated with a mRNA SARS-CoV-2 booster and cell-based IIV. We measured haemagglutination inhibition assay (HAI) titres, SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibody and SARS-CoV-2 ELISpot count pre-vaccination, 1-month and 6-months post-vaccination and evaluated differences by vaccine strategy. FINDINGS: We recruited 420 participants, 234/420 (56%) were vaccinated concomitantly and 186/420 (44%) separately. The 1-month post-vaccination mean fold rise (MFR) in SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibodies was lower in those vaccinated concomitantly compared to separately (MFR [95% confidence interval (CI)] 9.7 [8.3, 11.4] vs 12.8 [10.3, 15.9], p = 0.04). After adjustment for age and sex, the adjusted geometric mean ratio (aGMR) remained lower for those vaccinated concomitantly compared to separately (aGMR [95% CI] 0.80 [0.70, 0.92], p = 0.001). At 6-months post-vaccination, we found no statistically significant difference in SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibody titres (aGMR [95% CI] 1.09 [0.87, 1.35], p = 0.45). We found no statistically significant correlation between vaccine strategy with SARS-CoV-2 ELISpot count and influenza HAI titres at 1-month and 6-months post-vaccination. INTERPRETATION: Our study found that concomitant vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 and IIV has no statistically significant impacts on long-term immunogenicity. Further research is required to understand the underlying mechanisms and assess the clinical significance of reduced anti-spike antibodies in those vaccinated concomitantly. FUNDING: Research and Innovation (UKRI) through the COVID-19 National Core Studies Immunity (NCSi) programme (MC_PC_20060).

Published
2024

49. The TESS-Keck Survey. XXII. A Sub-Neptune Orbiting TOI-1437

Author

Pidhorodetska, Daria, Gilbert, Emily A, Kane, Stephen R, Barclay, Thomas, Polanski, Alex S, Hill, Michelle L, Stassun, Keivan G, Giacalone, Steven, Ciardi, David R, Boyle, Andrew W, Howell, Steve B, Lillo-Box, Jorge, MacDougall, Mason G, Fetherolf, Tara, Batalha, Natalie M, Crossfield, Ian JM, Dressing, Courtney, Fulton, Benjamin, Howard, Andrew W, Huber, Daniel, Isaacson, Howard, Petigura, Erik A, Robertson, Paul, Weiss, Lauren M, Angelo, Isabel, Beard, Corey, Behmard, Aida, Blunt, Sarah, Brinkman, Casey L, Chontos, Ashley, Dai, Fei, Dalba, Paul A, Holcomb, Rae, Lubin, Jack, Mayo, Andrew W, Murphy, Joseph M Akana, Rice, Malena, Rubenzahl, Ryan, Scarsdale, Nicholas, Turtelboom, Emma V, Tyler, Dakotah, Van Zandt, Judah, and Schwieterman, Edward W

Subjects
Space Sciences, Physical Sciences, Astronomical Sciences, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract

Exoplanet discoveries have revealed a dramatic diversity of planet sizes across a vast array of orbital architectures. Sub-Neptunes are of particular interest; due to their absence in our own solar system, we rely on demographics of exoplanets to better understand their bulk composition and formation scenarios. Here, we present the discovery and characterization of TOI-1437 b, a sub-Neptune with a 18.84 day orbit around a near-solar analog (M⋆ = 1.10 ± 0.10 M☉, R⋆=1.17 ± 0.12 R☉). The planet was detected using photometric data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission and radial velocity (RV) follow-up observations were carried out as a part of the TESS-Keck Survey using both the HIRES instrument at Keck Observatory and the Levy Spectrograph on the Automated Planet Finder telescope. A combined analysis of these data reveal a planet radius of Rp = 2.24 ± 0.23 R⊕ and a mass measurement of Mp = 9.6 ± 3.9 M⊕). TOI-1437 b is one of few (∼50) known transiting sub-Neptunes orbiting a solar-mass star that has a RV mass measurement. As the formation pathway of these worlds remains an unanswered question, the precise mass characterization of TOI-1437 b may provide further insight into this class of planet.

Published
2024

50. Repairable and Reconfigurable Structured Liquid Circuits

Author

Fink, Zachary, Kim, Paul Y, Han, Jiale, Wu, Xuefei, Popple, Derek, Zhu, Shipei, Xue, Han, Zettl, Alex, Ashby, Paul D, Helms, Brett A, and Russell, Thomas P

Subjects
Engineering, Materials Engineering, Electronics, Sensors and Digital Hardware, 3D printing, liquid electronics, reconfigurable, structured liquid, sulfonated PANI, MSD-General, MSD-Structured Liquids, Physical Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Materials, Chemical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract

The advance of printed electronics is significantly bolstered by the development of liquid-state electronics that overcome the inherent limitations in flexibility and reconfigurability of solid-state electronics. By integrating the biocompatibility and conductivity of sulfonated polyaniline (S-PANI) and phytic acid (PA) with the reconfigurability of structured liquids, highly conductive all-liquid threads are developed. The dense packing and overlap of PA/S-PANI complexes at an oil/water interface promotes in-plane electron transport, and standard four-point probe measurements of PA/S-PANI interfacial assemblies demonstrate enhanced electrical properties. Notably, the rapid jetting of the ink phase into the matrix phase allows for liquid threads to be printed, enabling the fabrication of large-scale, conductive pathways between two electrodes and liquid circuits. Upon mechanical cleavage of the liquid wires, circuits can be broken, but will easily self-repair using an electric field, making this motif useful in the design of switches as well as restoring conductive pathways in series or in parallel. The demonstrated flexibility and reconfigurability these PA/S-PANI wires possess hold significant promise for their practical use in the design of flexible and adaptive bioelectronics that can be repaired on demand, signifying a transformative step in the evolution of liquid electronic materials.

Published
2024

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