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In this paper, we present about Ad-hoc networking technologies and optimization of the broadcasting process. In recent years, mobile computing has enjoyed a tremendous rise in popularity. The continued minimization of mobile computing devices and the extraordinary rise of processing power available in mobile laptop computers combine to put more and better computer-based applications into the hands of a growing segment of the population. At the same time, the markets for wireless telephones and communication devices are experiencing rapid growth. Projections have been made that, in nowadays there are more than billion wireless devices in use. Therefore, the wireless mobile computers or Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) have become very necessary.

The Burstein–Moss shift (BMS) has been revisited for n-type GaAs semiconductor with and without band-tailing conditions. Unlike the earlier reported results, the present theoretical analyses of BMS depicted an oscillatory behavior due to the inclusions of the following relevant factors, viz. (a) $$ \overline{k} $$ dependency of the optical matrix elements, (b) consideration of the Fermi integral (FI) methods for the calculation of Fermi energy in non-degenerately doped cases, to a higher-order terms, and (c) band-tailing effects due to heavy doping in degenerately doped condition. In the present communication, attempt has been made to recapitulate the FI of F1/2(η), for non-degenerately doped semiconductor that showed oscillations due to the presence of confluent hyper-geometric function, obtained by the exact integrations method involved with F1/2(η). However, for the heavy doping with band-tailing cases, the FI is found to be complex function of oscillatory amplitude and a phase angle (α). It must be noted that these oscillatory behaviors, demonstrated in the present paper, seemed to be depicted for the first time in both non-degenerately and degenerately doped semiconductors on the literature in the study of BMS.

In collaboration with the Department of Cardiology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh this cross sectional study was performed in the Department of Biochemistry, Mymensingh Medical College from January 2018 to December 2018. The aim of the study was to explore the relationship of serum albumin in patients' with heart failure (HF) as a resource to monitor the possibility of management of these patients. A total of 120 subjects were included in this study. Among them 60 patients in case group were diagnosed HF patients and as control group 60 individuals were normal healthy. Serum albumin was determined by colorimetric method from each sample. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS windows package, version 21. Among the study groups the mean serum albumin levels were 3.25±0.59 and 4.14±0.38 in case and control group respectively. Analysis showed that the mean serum albumin level was highly significantly (p0.001) decreased in HF patients in comparison to that of control group.

An attempt is made to theoretically study the band-gap variations (∆Eg) in semiconductors with temperature following the works, did by Fan and O’Donnell et al. based on thermodynamic functions. The semiconductor band-gap reflects the bonding energy. An increase in temperature changes the chemical bondings, and electrons are promoted from valence band to conduction band. In their analyses, they made several approximations with respect to temperature and other fitting parameters leading to real values of band-gap variations with linear temperature dependences. In the present communication, we have tried to re-analyse the works, specially did by Fan, and derived an analytical model for ∆Eg(T). Because, it was based on the second-order perturbation technique of thermodynamic functions. Our analyses are made without any approximations with respect to temperatures and other fitting parameters mentioned in the text, leading to a complex functions followed by an oscillating nature of the variations of ∆Eg. In support of the existence of the oscillating energy band-gap variations with temperature in a semiconductor, possible physical explanations are provided to justify the experimental observation for various materials.

The present work reports on the physical and biophysical characterization of bismuth ferrite (BFO) nanorods fabricated on porous anodized alumina (AAO) templates. The diameter of the nanorods was quite large, which vary in the range of 20–100 nm. The BFO nanorods exhibited enhanced polarization and significant magnetic susceptibility. Moreover, an enhanced magnetoelectric coupling was evident from magnetocapacitance measurements, which exhibited a power law. Upon analyzing through optical, petri-plate and electron microscopy imaging, we observed that, the asymmetric structure of the nanorods gave rise to augmented antibacterial response against the chosen bacteria ( Staphylococcus aureus ). The x-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) data have exhibited significant peak shifts upon interaction with bacterial cells owing to a change of Bi oxidation state from one to another. Thus potential redox reaction, which might take place at the material-bio interface, is ascertained for bacterial death. Apart from physical insights, understanding the interaction between the bacteria and the nanorods of BFO could pave the way in exploring the antibacterial potentiality of such anisotropic nanoscale systems.

Preeclampsia is one of the most frequent complication of pregnancy which manifested by hypertension during pregnancy for the first time after 20th weeks of gestation with proteinuria. The aim of the study was to estimate the changes in serum calcium level in preeclamptic patients when compared with normal pregnant women. The case control study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh in collaboration with the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from July 2016 to June 2017. A total of 100 subjects were included. Among them 50 were subjects of preeclamptic patients as case and another 50 were apparently healthy normal pregnant women as control. The study revealed that serum calcium level was lower in preeclamptic women (case) as compared to healthy control subjects. The mean values of serum calcium levels were 7.63±0.42 and 8.12±0.94mg/dl in case and control group respectively. The difference in mean serum calcium were highly significant (p0.001) when compared between case and control.

Optical band gap ( $$E_{\mathrm{g}0} $$ ) is a parameter of paramount importance in describing various transport and opto-electronic properties of the III–V-type low band-gap semiconductors. In the present communication, an attempt has been made to develop an energy–momentum ( $$E{-}{\bar{k}} $$ ) dispersion relation for studying the density-of-state (DOS) and band-gap-related parameters. The external laser excitation has been treated as a perturbation. It has been shown theoretically that due to such excitation with different intensity (I) and wavelength $$(\lambda )$$ , the band edge of the conduction band (CB) of the III–V compound semiconductors moves vertically upward, indicating laser modulation (increase) of $$E_{\mathrm {g}0} $$ and related parameters compared to those of the normal ones (unperturbed). Therefore, in the presence of light, the original CB edge forms a pseudo-CB edge above the unperturbed CB edge in the forbidden band (FB) zone. This new development of the ( $$E{-}{\bar{k}} $$ ) relationship has also been extended for the estimation of exact optical effective mass (OPEM) of an electron in some III–V compound semiconductors. The OPEM variation with carrier concentration showed a continuous decreasing nature, while the corresponding variation of electron effective mass (EEM) (without laser excitation) exhibited an increasing trend. The present theoretical results would be important for the deeper understanding of the variation of OPEM with I and $$\lambda $$ . The observed new results will also be beneficial for studying laser-induced effects in semiconductor heterostructures with different applications in optoelectronic devices.

We provide the energy spectrum of an electron in a degenerately doped semiconductor of parabolic band. Knowing the energy spectrum, the density-of-states (DOS) functions are obtained, considering the Gaussian distribution of the potential energy of the impurity states, showing a band tail in them e.g., energy spectrum and density-of-states. Therefore, Fermi integrals (FIs) of DOS functions, having band tail, are developed by the exact theoretical calculations of the same. It is noticed that with heavy dopings in semiconductors, the total FI demonstrates complex functions, containing both real and imaginary terms of different FI functions. Their moduli possess an oscillatory function of $$\eta $$ (reduced $$\hbox {Fermi energy} = E_{\mathrm{f}}/k_{\mathrm{B}}T$$ , $$k_{\mathrm{B}}$$ is the Boltzmann constant and T is the absolute temperature) and $$\eta _{e}$$ (impurity screening potential), having a series solutions of confluent hypergeometric functions, $$\Phi (a, b; z)$$ , superimposed with natural cosine functions of angle $$\theta $$ . The variation of $$\theta $$ with respect to $$\eta $$ indicated a resonance at $$\eta =1.5$$ . The oscillatory behaviour of FIs show the existence of ‘band-gaps’, both in the real as well as in the forbidden bands as new band gaps in the semiconductor.

The polycrystalline Na2SmV5O15 (NSV), a new member of the tungsten bronze (TB) family, was prepared by a mixed-oxide technique. The room-temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of single phase compound with orthorhombic crystal structure. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis indicated that the compound has homogeneous micrograph with a uniform distribution of small grains over the entire surface of the sample. The analysis of impedance spectra of NSV in a low-temperature range (−100 °C to 100 °C) at different frequencies exhibited interesting electrical properties like the contribution of bulk effect in conduction process. The study of imaginary part of the impedance at different temperatures showed existence of relaxation peak with its shift towards higher frequency on increasing temperature. This suggested the presence of frequency and temperature dependent relaxation process in the material. The loss peak spectra were found to abide by Arrhenius law with small activation energy of 0.12 eV. The temperature dependence of AC and DC electrical conductivity (σAC and σDC) was also obtained.

Potato is one of the main staple foods in West Bengal, where it ranks second in production after Uttar Pradesh. There is lots of variation in productivity of the crop. It is due to climatic variability which causes widespread disease infection in potato crop. The shifting of onset and withdrawal of monsoons has also proved to be a barrier in the productivity of the crop. The farmers are habituated to plant the crop within 15th of November; however this is being disrupted because of the shifting of withdrawal of monsoons. Potato is a thermo sensitive crop. The crop growth rate of potato is significantly affected by cumulative maximum and minimum temperatures. Leaf area index significantly decreased with the increase in cumulative maximum and minimum temperatures. Rainfall and relative humidity are two crucial factors that determine the incidence of late blight in potato, the most devastating disease in Bengal. Rainfall increased productivity by lowering soil temperature and reducing hydrolysis of starch respiratory losses from tubers.

To evaluate the biochemical parameters of metabolic syndrome in case of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients this case control study was carried out in the department of Biochemistry, Mymensingh Medical College in collaboration with Department of Cardiology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from July 2012 to June 2013. To assess of serum total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, to estimate of serum glucose and to establish the association of age, sex, BMI, waist circumference, waist hip ratio and blood pressure of myocardial infarction patients. A total of 120 subjects were included in the study. Among them 60 were subjects of AMI cases and another 60 subjects of non AMI patients as controls. Serum total cholesterol, serum triacylglycerol, serum LDL-Cholesterolserum HDL-Cholesterol were estimated in each sample. All values were expressed as Mean±SD. Statistical significance of difference between case and control were evaluated by using student's unpaired 't' test. All statistical analysis was done by using SPSS windows package. Past history of diabetes Mellitus and hypertension were more common in cases compared to those in control (p0.001) which was statistically highly significant. There was no significant difference in the history of smoking between case and control. Statistical mean values of serum triacylglycerol, serum FBS, serum total cholesterol were highly significant in AMI patients in comparison to control (p0.001). Statistical mean value of HDL-C was significantly decreased in AMI patients in contrast to control (p0.001). In this study systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were significantly increased in AMI patients in comparison to control (p0.05). Waist circumference was highly significant in AMI patients in comparison to control (p0.001). Analyzing the findings of the present study there were significant alteration in lipid profile, blood pressure, fasting blood sugarWC. These findings reaffirm the clinical importance of the metabolic syndrome as a significant risk factor for AMI. So it may be recommended that estimation of these parameters may help pivotal for better management of AMI.

This case control study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Mymensingh Medical College in collaboration with the Department of Cardiology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from January 2015 to December 2015. The aim of the study was to explore the serum copper status among acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients as a means to monitor the possibility of management of these patients. A total of 120 subjects were included in this study. Among them 60 were diagnosed AMI patients denoted as case group and 60 were normal healthy individuals denoted as control group. Serum copper determined by colorimetric method from each sample. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS windows package, version 20. Among the study groups the mean serum copper levels were 150.30±26.16 and 103.65±9.38 in case and control group respectively. Analysis showed that the mean serum copper level was significantly (p0.01) increased in AMI patients in comparison to that of control group.

A two year experiment was conducted at the BCKV with four mungbean varieties (Pant Mung-5, Bireswar, RMG-62 and Sukumar) sown under three dates (15th February, 1st and 15th March) in a split plot design where dates of sowing and varieties were allotted to main and sub plot treatments respectively with three replications. PAR was recorded with the help of line quantum sensor. Dry matter accumulation, yield attributes and yield were measured. Canonical correlation and correspondence analysis showed that absorbed PAR during 32 to 46 days after emergence (DAE) increased dry matter, pod and seed yield. PAR use efficiency (PARUE) of mungbean ranged from 0.75 to 0.88 g MJ-1 for seed yield. PARUE for dry matter production was maximum during 39 to 46 DAE. According to PARUE and heat use efficiency, Pant Mung-5 should be sown within 1st March in this zone. Growing degree day requirement gradually increased with delayed sowing.

The polycrystalline sample of KPb 2 V 5 O 15 was prepared by a mixed-oxide method relatively at low temperature (i.e., 550°C). X-ray diffraction studies of the compound showed the formation of single phase orthorhombic crystal structure at room temperature. SEM micrograph showed the homogeneous distribution of grains throughout the sample. Electric properties were analyzed using the complex impedance spectroscopy. The modulus plot showed the presence of both the grain and grain boundary effect. The bulk impedance evaluated from the Nyquist plots was observed to decrease with the rise in temperature, showing a negative temperature coefficient of resistance. The variation of AC electrical conductivity (σ AC ) was measured in a wide temperature (30–500°C) and frequency (102–106 Hz) range. The activation energy of the compound calculated from both the impedance and modulus spectrum was found to be the same.

The polycrystalline sample of LiPb 2 V 5 O 15 was prepared by a mixed oxide method at low temperature (i.e. 550°C). Preliminary structural analysis confirmed the formation of the compound of an orthorhombic crystal system. The impedance parameters of the material were studied using complex impedance spectroscopy (CIS) in a wide temperature (i.e. 30–450°C) and frequency (i.e. 102–106 Hz) range. From the complex impedance plots, grain/grain boundary effects and relaxation phenomenon were observed above 30°C. Study of electrical conductivity suggests that the compound exhibits the negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) behavior like a semiconductor.

Lkkj & o"kZ 1951 ls 2001 rd dh 51 o"kksZa dh vof/k ds fy, ubZ fnYyh] eqEcbZ vkSj psUuS esa ekulwu iwoZ vf/kdre rkieku esa lkekU; fofHkUurkvksa ds lkSj {kksHk [lw;Z ds /kCcksa ¼,l- ,l-½ dh la[;k ds okf"kZd vkSlr ds laca/k esa vkdyu] ds lkFk laHkkfor laca/k dk lkaf[;dh; :Ik ls fo’ys"k.k fd;k x;k gSA rkieku ds Ja`[kykc) vk¡dM+ksa ds vk/kkj ij dsoy psUuS ds fy, rkieku esa o`f) dh izo`fRr dks NksM+dj vU; lHkh dsanzksa ij yxHkx 3 o"kksZa ds vUrjky ij bldh iqujko`fr dk irk pyk gS A lkSj voLFkkvksa ¼o`f) nj fun’kZ dk mi;ksx djds½ dh fofHkUurkvksa ds fo’ys"k.k ls lw;Z dh U;wure vkSj vf/kdre voLFkkvksa ds nkSjku 73 izfr’kr ekeyksa esa rkieku esa o`f) dh izo`fRr dk irk pyk gS A xr o"kZ ds ekulwu iwoZ rkieku vkSj lw;Z ds /kCcksa dh la[;k ds okf"kZd vkSlr ds chp lglaca/k ds xq.kkad :Ik ls ldkjkRed gksus dk irk pyk gS tc lw;Z ds /kCcksa dh la[;k dk okf"kZd vkSlr yxHkx 140 ds pje eku ls vf/kd gks tkrk gS vkSj ;g ¼$0-647½ ubZ fnYyh ds laca/k esa egRoiw.kZ gS A ;g ifj.kke iwohZ Hkkjr ds dsanzksa ds fy, fd, x, blh rjg ds v/;;uksa ds vuq:Ik gS A The general variations of pre-monsoon maximum temperature over New Delhi, Mumbai and Chennai for the 51 years period from 1951 to 2001 and its possible association with solar activity [estimated in terms of annual mean sunspot (SS) numbers] have been analysed statistically. The temperature series indicate an approximate periodicity of 3 years for all the stations with an increasing trend for Chennai only. Analysis of the variations with respect to solar phases (using a growth rate model) indicates an increasing trend of temperature in 73% cases during solar minimum to maximum phases. The correlation coefficient between pre-monsoon temperature and annual mean SS nos. of the preceding year indicate a positive association when the latter exceeds some critical value approximately 140 and it (+0.647) is significant for New Delhi. The present result is consistent with similar studies for stations over eastern India.

The effect of punch through on the series resistance of n+np+ single drift region Si HP [5082-0432] IMPATT diodes of capacity 0.02 pf around the X band has been studied. The computed result for series resistance fits well with the device data. The analysis shows that for a constant bias current density, when the space charge effect is not prominent, the value of series resistance decreases with the decrease of punch through, determined by the doping density and thickness of the active layer. The decrease of punch through produces an upward shift in the operating frequency of the device. It is also observed that an increase of punch through factor leads to a decrease in negative resistance, conversion efficiency and the susceptance of the device.

A simple theory is developed of the optical absorption coefficient (OAC) in nonparabolic semiconductors on the basis of the three-band model of Kane, by considering the wave-vector (k) dependence of the optical matrix element. It has been found that the OAC is proportional to [(ℏω)2−Eg2]1/2 (ℏω and Eg are the energy of the incident radiation and the bandgap, respectively) instead of [(ℏω)−Eg]1/2, the conventional form. It has been demonstrated, by taking n-InAs, n-InSb, Hg1−xCdxTe, and In1−xGaxAs1−yP1−y lattice matched to InP as examples, that the OAC increases with increasing photon energy and the value of the same coefficient in the three band model of Kane is greater than that in parabolic energy bands in all the cases. The well-known result for wide gap materials having parabolic energy bands has also been obtained from our generalized formulation under certain limiting condition.

Varietal adaptability in exploiting the natural resources is important. Field experiments were conducted during the wet seasons of 1998 and 1999 at the Regional Research Substation, Sekhampur. The aim was to evaluate the performance of locally popular IR-36 (high yielding, photo-insensitive) and Khejurthari (local land race, photosensitive) rice cultivars with variable proportions of N management through inorganic and organic supplements separately or combined. The cv. IR-36 produced the highest number of panicles/m 2 but the cv. Khejurthari had significantly higher number of grains/panicle and test weight. Fertilizer N and farmyard manure rates influenced the yield attributing characters. The cv. IR-36 produced 10% more grain yield than Khejurthari. Combined application of inorganic (urea) and organic (farmyard manure) sources increased the grain yield by 72% over no input (control). Nitrogen uptake by cv. IR-36 and Khejurthari was statistically similar. Application of 60 kg N/ha with 4 t farmyard manure...

The aftershocks of the Chamoli earthquake ( m b 6.3) of 28 March 1999 are analyzed to understand the seismotectonic structure of the Garhwal Himalaya. The permanent as well as temporary microearthquake network data are used. The mainshock occurred on the Basement Thrust by thrust faulting. The aftershocks, on the other hand, are triggered at the seismogenic faults to the south of the Main Central Thrust (MCT) by thrust faulting as well as by strike-slip faulting, and all the events occurred above the plane of detachment/basement thrust. The MCT is not the seismogenic fault.

Variation of PreMonsoon Temperature Over Eastern India and the Solar Activity

Pre-eclampsia is a disease which causes significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, especially in the developing countries. Despite numerous studies, the etiology of pre-eclampsia has not yet been fully elucidated. Although several evidences indicate that various elements such as serum Magnesium, Calcium etc. might play an important role in pre-eclampsia. The present study prospectively determines and evaluate whether maternal serum levels of magnesium has any association with pre-eclampsia or not. It was a cross sectional study carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Mymensingh Medical College from July 2009 to June 2010. A total of 108 subjects were selected with the duration of pregnancy from 28th week of gestation to term of which 42 were normal pregnant women (as control) and 66 were pre-eclamptic (34 with mild and 32 with severe preeclampsia) admitted in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology department of Mymensingh medical college hospital. Serum Magnesium level was determined in the laboratory by colorimetric method using recommended commercial kit. Student's unpaired t-test was used to see the statistical significance of the difference between the mean values of the estimated parameters. The mean serum levels of Magnesium in normal pregnant group was 1.91±0.08mg/dl, mild pre-eclamptic group was 1.8±0.11mg/dl,and in severe pre-eclamptic group was 1.75±0.10mg/dl. The mean serum Magnesium of women with mild pre-eclampsia as well as severe pre-eclampsia was significantly (p0.001) decreased in comparison to that of the control. A significant (p0.05) decrease in serum magnesium was also found in subject with severe pre-eclamptic compared to that of the mild pre-eclamptic. So, these results indicate that reduction in serum levels of magnesium during pregnancy might be a possible contributor in the etiology of pre-eclampsia and supplementation of this element as diet or drugs may be of value to prevent pre-eclampsia.

This case control cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Mymensingh Medical College, Bangladesh in cooperation with the Department of Microbiology, Medicine units of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital and FulbariaMuktagacha Upazilla Health Complexes, Mymensingh during the period of July 2006 - June 2007. The aim of the study was to explore the status of serum iron among visceral leishmaniasis patients in Bangladesh as a means to monitor the possibility of management of these patients. A total of 120 people of different age groups were included in this study. Subjects were divided into two groups - Group I (Control) consisting of 60 apparently healthy persons matched by age, sex and socioeconomic status with the cases and Group II (Case) consisting of 60 "ICT for Kala-azar" positive VL patients. Serum iron was estimated by colorimetric method with ferrozine from each sample. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS windows package. Among the groups, mean±SD (Standard Deviation) of Group I and Group II serum iron were 100.67±20.83 and 76.76±8.64μgm/dl respectively. By comparing Group I with Group II highly significant difference were found in case of serum iron (P0.001). It is evident from the study that serum iron level significantly decreases among visceral leishmaniasis patients in Bangladesh.

This case control study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Mymensingh Medical College in cooperation with the Outpatient Department and Medicine Units of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Fulbaria Upazilla Health Complex, Mymensingh and some DOTS centers of BRAC, a non-government organization during the period of July 2006 to June 2007. The aim of the study was to explore the status of serum albumincreatinine clearance levels in smear positive Bangladeshi pulmonary tuberculosis patients as a means to monitor the possibility of management of these patients as these levels decrease significantly. Serum albumin level was investigated in TB patients for monitoring the nutritional status of TB patients and also for the adjustment of serum calcium level. Creatinine clearance rate was investigated in TB patients for monitoring the impairment of renal function and nutritional depletion in tuberculosis patients. A total of 120 people of different age groups were included in this study. Subjects were divided into two groups- Group I (Control; n=60) - apparently healthy people selected matching by age, sex and socioeconomic status with the cases and Group II (Case; n=60) - people with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Serum albumin was estimated by colorimetric principle. Serum creatinine was also estimated by colorimetric principlecreatinine clearance rate was estimated from serum creatinine by Cockcroft- Gault equation. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS windows package. Among the groups, mean±SD of serum albumin in Group II (3.74±0.44gm/dl) was significantly lower (p0.001) than that in Group I (4.85±0.31gm/dl). Mean±SD of creatinine clearance rate in Group II (35.36±8.29ml/min) was also significantly lower than that in Group I (84.16±20.20ml/min). It is evident from the study that serum albumincreatinine clearance rate levels significantly decrease in smear positive Bangladeshi pulmonary tuberculosis patients.

This case control cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Mymensingh Medical College in collaboration with Cardiology Department of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh during the period of July 2004 to June 2005. The aim of the study was to explore the status of serum magnesium among acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients as a means to monitor the possibility of management of these patients. A total of 100 subjects were selected and were grouped as Group I (50 healthy control subjects) and Group II (50 subjects of AMI Cases). Serum magnesium was estimated by colorimetric method from each sample. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS windows package. Among the groups, mean±SD (Standard Deviation) of Group I and Group II serum magnesium were 2.16±0.25 and 1.71±0.17mg/dl respectively. By comparing Group I with Group II highly significant difference were found in case of serum magnesium (p0.001). It is evident from the study that serum magnesium level significantly decreases among acute myocardial infarction patients in Bangladesh.

Although experiments have previously been carried out to determine the optimum sowing time of sesame, very few attempts have been made to determine the effects of macro and micro climatic variation on yield. Thus a field experiment was conducted at the University Research Farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, India on an Entisol (alluvial, sandy loam) in the summer seasons of 1996 and 1997 to assess the effects of macro and micro climatic variations on yield of sesame for various dates of sowing. The number of seeds per capsule of sesame was highest in the crop sown on 19 February, although up to the 18 April sowing there was no significant variation. There was no appreciable variation in thousand-seed weight with date of sowing. Crops sown on 19 February and 1 March produced statistically similar yields. The average reduction in yield of sesame was 78.5 and 213 %, respectively, for crops sown on 10 February and 28 April, compared with the crop sown on 19 February. The cultivar Rama produced higher yields than B-67 and Kanke-1. Ambient temperature above 30 °C up to 100 % flowering had a direct positive effect on sesame yield. Crop exposure to 60–70, 70–80 and 80 % relative humidity up to 100 % flowering had a direct negative effect. Temperature profile at 50 days after emergence (DAE), relative humidity at 60 DAE, and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) at 30 and 40 DAE within the crop canopy had direct positive effects on yield. Regression models suggested that temperature profile and PAR within the crop canopy produced 72 and 35 % variation in yield, respectively.

We study theoretically the interband optical absorption coefficient of semiconductors described within the two-band Kane model in the presence of an external electric field for photon energy below and above the semiconductor band gap. The optical matrix element depends on the momentum vector, and this important aspect has been incorporated in the present analysis. For photon energies below the band gap, the absorption coefficient exhibits an exponential falloff with the electric field and the photon energy. For the opposite inequality, the same coefficient oscillates with the photon energy without consideration of the Wannier–Stark levels, which generally exists in a band due to the presence of an external electric field. Additional oscillations are expected in the above two cases because of the formation of the discrete Stark ladders.

To evaluate the effect of individual providers on pregnancy outcome after embryo transfer.Retrospective data analysis.University-based tertiary-care assisted reproductive technology program with 10 physician-providers.Six hundred and seventeen women who underwent 854 fresh embryo transfers between January 1996 and January 1999.Pregnancies after embryo transfer were recorded for each provider.Establishment of a clinical pregnancy.Three hundred ninety-three clinical pregnancies resulted from 854 embryo transfers, for an overall clinical pregnancy rate of 46.0% per embryo transfer. Three hundred forty-seven (40.6%) pregnancies were ongoing. The clinical pregnancy rate varied significantly between providers: for example, 17.0% (47 transfers) vs. 54.3% (57 transfers) (P.05). Similarly, the ratio of high-grade embryos required to produce a gestational sac differed between providers. The number or quality of embryos transferred did not differ significantly.Significant differences were observed in pregnancy rates after embryo transfer done by different providers, suggesting that embryo transfer technique may influence pregnancy outcome in assisted reproductive technology.

An experiment was conducted during the summer seasons of 1993 and 1994 on sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) to study the effect of certain meteorological parameters on the capsule production efficiency of the main stem and branches of sesame cultivars at different sowing dates in alluvial (Entisol) soil of the tropical humid region in West Bengal, India. The highest capsule production by the main stem and the first, second and third primary branches in accrocentric order was observed for the crop sown on 19 February. The number of capsules on the main stem was reduced by 70.51 and 34.98 % when the crop was sown on 21 March and 28 April, respectively. The humidity profile at 50 days after emergence (DAE) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) at 70 DAE had direct positive effects on main stem capsule production. The variations of 38, 21 and 56 % in main stem contribution to capsule production might be explained by the temperature profile, relative humidity and PAR, respectively. Thecultivar Rama produced higher numbers of capsules in branches than Kanke-1 and B-67 at all times of sowing. Zusammenfassung Ein Experiment wurde wahrend der Sommersaison 1993 und 1994 bei Sesam (Sesamum indicum L.) durchgefuhrt, um den Einflus meteorologischer Parameter auf die Kapselproduktion am Hauptspros und Nebensprosachsen von Sesamkultivaren mit unterschiedlichen Aussaatterminen in einem alluvialen Boden (Entisol) der tropisch-humiden Region in West Bengal (Indien) zu untersuchen. Die hochste Kapselproduktion an der Hauptsprosachse, der ersten, zweiten und dritten Seitenachse in accrozentrischer Anordnung wurde fur die Aussaat am 19. Februar beobachtet. Eine Abnahme der Kapselanzahl an der Hauptsprosachse auf 70, 51 und 34,98 % trat ein, wenn die Ansaat am 21. Marz bzw. am 28. April erfolgte. Die Feuchtigkeitsprofile 50 Tage nach Auflaufen (DAE) und photosynthetisch wirksame Strahlung (PAR) 70 Tage nach Auflaufen hatten einen unmittelbaren positiven Effekt auf die Kapselproduktion an der Hauptsprosachse. Die Schwankungen von 38, 21 und 56 % in dem Beitrag der Hauptsprosachse zur Kapsel produktion konnte durch das Temperaturprofil, die relative Feuchtigkeit und PAR erklart werden. Der Kultivar Rama produzierte die hochste Kapselanzahl an den Seitensprosachsen im Vergleich zu Kanke-1 und B-67 in allen Aussaatterminen.

Band tailing refers to the effects of impurity states in and near to the band edge in a heavily-doped semiconductor. In the present study, the Fermi energy, screening length and the impurity screening potential are determined for a heavily-doped parabolic band semiconductor. The effects of unperturbed and perturbed bands are both considered in the evaluation of the entities. In the perturbed band, the density-of-states technique, earlier used by Kane, and the E- dispersion relation technique for band tailing, obtained by us, are applied. Our results on Fermi energy are compared with the results of Kane's model and with those for the unperturbed band for a typical semiconductor of n-type GaAs. We find that our model provides much lower values at a low concentrations of 1017-1018 cm-3, as compared to the other two cases and finally merges with the unperturbed band case at a higher doping conditions. On the other hand, the Kane's model offers much higher values over the doping range studied here.

Kane’s [Phys. Rev. 131, 79 (1963)] model for the density of states for energies in the band gap is in qualitative agreement with experiment. Halperin and Lax [Phys. Rev. 148, 722 (1966)] have also suggested a model for band tailing, which is applicable to the deep tailing states. In the present study, theoretical models have been proposed for the band tailing in the case of heavily doped semiconductors that are more general than those of Kane and others. In addition, the present study also offers an E-k dispersion relation for band tails in the parabolic band based on Kane’s semiclassical theory. This study has helped us to obtain a different model for the density of states in the band-tailing conditions and the model is expected to agree better with experiment.

This case control study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Mymensingh Medical College, Bangladesh in cooperation with the Outpatient Department and Medicine Units of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Fulbaria Upazilla Health Complex, Mymensingh and some DOTS centers of BRAC, a non-government organization during the period of July 2006 to June 2007. The aim of the study was to explore the status of serum glucose level in smear positive Bangladeshi pulmonary tuberculosis patients. A total of 120 people of different age groups were included in this study. Subjects were divided into two groups - Group I (Control; n=60) - apparently healthy people selected matching by age, sex and socioeconomic status with the cases and Group II (Case; n=60) - people with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Serum glucose (fasting) was estimated by colorimetric principle. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS windows package. Among the groups, mean±SD of serum glucose (fasting) in Group II (5.91±1.02mmol/L) was significantly higher (p0.001) than in Group I (4.87±0.57mmol/L). It is evident from the study that serum glucose level significantly increases in smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients.

This case control study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Mymensingh Medical College, Bangladesh in cooperation with the Outpatient Department and Medicine Units of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Fulbaria Upazilla Health Complex, Mymensingh and some DOTS centers of BRAC, a non-government organization during the period of July 2006 to June 2007. The aim of the study was to explore the status of serum calcium level in smear positive Bangladeshi pulmonary tuberculosis patients. A total of 120 people of different age groups were included in this study. Subjects were divided into two groups - Group I (Control; n=60) apparently healthy people selected matching by age, sex and socioeconomic status with the cases and Group II (Case; n=60) people with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Serum calcium was estimated by colorimetric principle. Serum calcium was adjusted by serum albumin concentration. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS windows package. Among the groups, mean±SD of adjusted serum calcium in Group II (2.41±0.15mmol/L) was significantly higher (p0.001) than that in Group I (1.85±0.11mmol/L). It is evident from the study that serum calcium level significantly increases in smear positive Bangladeshi pulmonary tuberculosis patients.

This case control cross sectional study was carried out in the department of Biochemistry, Mymensingh Medical College in collaboration with Cardiology department of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh during the period of July 2004 to June 2005. The aim of the study was to explore the status of body iron among acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients in Bangladesh as a means to monitor the possibility of management of these patients. A total of 100 subjects were selected and were grouped as Group I (50 healthy Control subjects) and Group II (50 subjects of AMI Cases). Serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC)transferrin saturation were estimated from each sample. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS windows package. Among the groups, mean±SD of Group I serum iron, TIBCtransferrin saturation were 71.84±9.10, 336.66±35.3921.73±4.88 respectively and of Group II serum iron, TIBCtransferrin saturation were 137.55±18.22, 267.99±34.9752.40±11.74 respectively. By comparing Group I with Group II highly significant difference were found in case of serum iron (p0.001), TIBC (p0.001) and transferrin saturation (p0.001). It is evident from the study that body iron (serum iron, TIBCtransferrin saturation) level significantly increases among acute myocardial infarction patients in Bangladesh.

Dry matter production depends on the interception of radiation. In classical concept, the LAI is the principal growth index for determining the dry matter production as well as the yield of the crop. We hypothesized that sunlit leaf area index (L*) was a better index than the LAI for determining the dry matter production. Interception of PAR by mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] varieties changes the sunlit leaf area index of the crop. This paper investigates the sunlit leaf area index (L*) and the interception of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) by four mungbean varieties (V1-Pant Mung-5, V2-Bireswar, V3-RMG62 and V4-Sukumar) under three different dates of sowing (D1-15th February, D2-1st March and D3-15th March) and their relation with dry matter accumulation and leaf area index in the Gangetic plains of eastern India during the summer seasons of 2010 and 2011. The radiation interception increased with the age of crop and was found to be the highest when sown on 15th March. The interaction effect between interception of PAR and LAI showed that with the increase in LAI there was a corresponding increase in the interception of radiation which might have been due to the increased number and volume of leaves in the crop. 62.03 and 52.63% of the total variability were explained, respectively, by both dependent (interception of PAR) and independent sets (LAI). With L* and dry matter accumulation, it was seen that L* on 39 and 46 DAE significantly increased the dry matter production. It was also observed that L* increased when radiation was intercepted on 25 to 39 DAE. 67.58 and 79.55% of the total variability were explained, respectively, by both dependent (L*) and independent sets. It was evident that the mungbean might be sown during the first fortnight of March for better dry matter accumulation in this zone.

To determine whether the post-hemicastration rise in serum FSH is related to compensatory testicular hypertrophy, 4-moold ram lambs were hemicastrated and injected s.c. with 5 ml of saline (HC; n = 5) or steroid-free follicular fluid (HC+FF; n = 5) twice daily for 28 days. Sham-operated intact lambs, injected with saline, served as controls (INT; n = 5). Blood samples were collected frequently during the first 48 h, daily for the remainder of the first week, and then three times/wk for the next 11 wk. Serum FSH concentrations in HC lambs increased above presurgery levels by 9 h, peaked at 13 days, and returned to baseline as compared to INT controls by 5 wk. Follicular fluid administration delayed (p 0.05). Testicular volume, determined on the last day of treatment (Day 28), was 70% greater (p 0.05) between INT and HC+FF rams. By the end of the study, a similar degree of compensatory testicular hypertrophy was observed in HC and HC+FF animals. Neither serum LH nor testosterone basal or pulsatile secretion was affected (p > 0.05) by follicular fluid treatment. In summary, follicular fluid administration delayed, but did not prevent, the hemicastration-induced increase in FSH secretion and subsequent compensatory testicular hypertrophy. The demonstration of a relationship between concentrations of circulating FSH and compensatory hypertrophy suggests that this gonadotropin plays a role in mediating the testicular response in prepubertal ram lambs.

SUMMARY Controlled study on 20 patients of ulcerative colitis was conducted at Gastroenterology Department of Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad. It has been observed that in three fourth of the cases, age of onset is before 40 years; & male, female ratio 4:1. No significant trend emerged in marital status, type of family, birth order, dietary habit and parental profile. The disease is common in lower socio-economic status. Ulcerative colitis patients are particularly exposed to stressful life situations and more prone to develop illness.

A prospective study of fifty patients who underwent cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation was undertaken. Factors aggravating and allaying pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative anxiety were studied A good doctor-patient relations/lip, confidence in the ophthalmologist, and knowledge of successful surgery with IOL implantation in an acquaintance were the major anxiety relieving factors. The main anxiety provoking factors were concerns about the success of surgery and the requirement of laying immobile during surgery covered with surgical drapes. Detailed technical knowledge about the surgery was anxiety provoking and tshe majority of the patients did not desire it.

The Indian Armed Forces with a closely knit community, life of their own provides a unique opportunity to study the adaptive and maladaptive characteristics of his actions. In this study thirty two percent of attempted suicide in the Armed Forces achieved discharge from service is a testament to the urgency and intensity of the need to get out of the service. Twently-two percent of control psychiathc in-patient who sought environmental change also achieved premature discharge from service, further highlights the intensity of the need of these patients to change their environment. The intensity of these patients need to change their environment is coupled with a marked sense of isolation. They find themselves not only friendless but also incapable of making friends.

An attempt is made to study the interband tunneling rate for small‐gap semiconductors having Kane‐type energy bands in the presence of an external electric field, taking InSb as an example for the purpose of numerical computations. The experimentally obtained tunneling currents, which may not be limited by the factor 2, can be better explained by this formulation. Thus, the present analysis is applicable for wider ranger of electric fields and are more consistent with the experimental results than that previously proposed.