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1. Evaluation of a Musculoskeletal Digital Assessment Routing Tool (DART): Crossover Noninferiority Randomized Pilot Trial

Author: Cabella Lowe, Ruth Sephton, William Marsh, and Dylan Morrissey
Subjects: Medicine
Abstract: BackgroundMusculoskeletal conditions account for 16% of global disability, resulting in a negative effect on patients and increasing demand for health care use. Triage directing patients to appropriate level intervention improving health outcomes and efficiency has been prioritized. We developed a musculoskeletal digital assessment routing tool (DART) mobile health (mHealth) system, which requires evaluation prior to implementation. Such innovations are rarely rigorously tested in clinical trials—considered the gold standard for evaluating safety and efficacy. This pilot study is a precursor to a trial assessing DART performance with a physiotherapist-led triage assessment. ObjectiveThe study aims to evaluate trial design, assess procedures, and collect exploratory data to establish the feasibility of delivering an adequately powered, definitive randomized trial, assessing DART safety and efficacy in an NHS primary care setting. MethodsA crossover, noninferiority pilot trial using an integrated knowledge translation approach within a National Health Service England primary care setting. Participants were patients seeking assessment for a musculoskeletal condition, completing a DART assessment and the history-taking element of a face-to-face physiotherapist-led triage in a randomized order. The primary outcome was agreement between DART and physiotherapist triage recommendation. Data allowed analysis of participant recruitment and retention, randomization, blinding, study burden, and potential barriers to intervention delivery. Participant satisfaction was measured using the System Usability Scale. ResultsOver 8 weeks, 129 patients were invited to participate. Of these, 92% (119/129) proceeded to eligibility assessment, with 60% (78/129) meeting the inclusion criteria and being randomized into each intervention arm (39/39). There were no dropouts and data were analyzed for all 78 participants. Agreement between physiotherapist and DART across all participants and all primary triage outcomes was 41% (32/78; 95% CI 22-45), intraclass correlation coefficient 0.37 (95% CI 0.16-0.55), indicating that the reliability of DART was poor to moderate. Feedback from the clinical service team led to an adjusted analysis yielding of 78% (61/78; 95% CI 47-78) and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.57 (95% CI 0.40-0.70). Participant satisfaction was measured quantitively using amalgamated System Usability Scale scores (n=78; mean score 84.0; 90% CI +2.94 to –2.94), equating to an “excellent” system. There were no study incidents, and the trial burden was acceptable. ConclusionsPhysiotherapist-DART agreement of 78%, with no adverse triage decisions and high patient satisfaction, was sufficient to conclude DART had the potential to improve the musculoskeletal pathway. Study validity was enhanced by the recruitment of real-world patients and using an integrated knowledge translation approach. Completion of a context-specific consensus process is recommended to provide definitive definitions of safety criteria, range of appropriateness, noninferiority margin, and sample size. This pilot demonstrated an adequately powered definitive trial is feasible, which would provide evidence of DART safety and efficacy, ultimately informing potential for DART implementation. Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT04904029; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04904029 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR2-10.2196/31541
Published: 2024
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2. Accumulation of Iron Oxide-Based Contrast Agents in Rabbit Atherosclerotic Plaques in Relation to Plaque Age and Vulnerability Features

Author: Sekita A, Unterweger H, Berg S, Ohlmeyer S, Bäuerle T, Zheng KH, Coolen BF, Nederveen AJ, Cabella C, Rossi S, Stroes ESG, Alexiou C, Lyer S, and Cicha I
Subjects: atherosclerosis, plaque vulnerability, rabbit model, macrophages, histology, tissue iron, spion-enhanced mri., Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Alexander Sekita,1 Harald Unterweger,1 Sonja Berg,1 Sabine Ohlmeyer,2 Tobias Bäuerle,3 Kang H Zheng,4 Bram F Coolen,5 Aart J Nederveen,6 Claudia Cabella,7 Silvia Rossi,7 Erik SG Stroes,4 Christoph Alexiou,1 Stefan Lyer,1,&ast; Iwona Cicha1,&ast; 1ENT-Department, Section of Experimental Oncology Und Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; 2Institute of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; 3Preclinical Imaging Platform Erlangen (PIPE), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; 4Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; 5Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; 6Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; 7Bracco Imaging SpA, Centro Ricerche Bracco, Colleretto Giacosa, Turin, Italy&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Iwona Cicha, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Glückstr, 10a, Erlangen, 91054, Germany, Tel +49 9131 85 43953, Fax +49 9131 85 34828, Email Iwona.Cicha@uk-erlangen.dePurpose: In this study, a detailed characterization of a rabbit model of atherosclerosis was performed to assess the optimal time frame for evaluating plaque vulnerability using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods: The progression of atherosclerosis induced by ballooning and a high-cholesterol diet was monitored using angiography, and the resulting plaques were characterized using immunohistochemistry and histology. Morphometric analyses were performed to evaluate plaque size and vulnerability features. The accumulation of SPIONs (novel dextran-coated SPIONDex and ferumoxytol) in atherosclerotic plaques was investigated by histology and MRI and correlated with plaque age and vulnerability. Toxicity of SPIONDex was evaluated in rats.Results: Weak positive correlations were detected between plaque age and intima thickness, and total macrophage load. A strong negative correlation was observed between the minimum fibrous cap thickness and plaque age as well as the mean macrophage load. The accumulation of SPION in the atherosclerotic plaques was detected by MRI 24 h after administration and was subsequently confirmed by Prussian blue staining of histological specimens. Positive correlations between Prussian blue signal in atherosclerotic plaques, plaque age, and macrophage load were detected. Very little iron was observed in the histological sections of the heart and kidney, whereas strong staining of SPIONDex and ferumoxytol was detected in the spleen and liver. In contrast to ferumoxytol, SPIONDex administration in rabbits was well tolerated without inducing hypersensitivity. The maximum tolerated dose in rat model was higher than 100 mg Fe/kg.Conclusion: Older atherosclerotic plaques with vulnerable features in rabbits are a useful tool for investigating iron oxide-based contrast agents for MRI. Based on the experimental data, SPIONDex particles constitute a promising candidate for further clinical translation as a safe formulation that offers the possibility of repeated administration free from the risks associated with other types of magnetic contrast agents.Keywords: atherosclerosis, plaque vulnerability, rabbit model, macrophages, histology, tissue iron, SPION-enhanced MRI
Published: 2024

3. Inflationary gravitational waves and exotic pre Big Bang Nucleosynthesis cosmology

Author: Di Marco, Alessandro, Pradisi, Gianfranco, de Gasperis, Giancarlo, and Cabella, Paolo
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: According to the most popular scenario, the early Universe should have experienced an accelerated expansion phase, called Cosmological Inflation, after which the standard Big Bang Cosmology would have taken place giving rise to the radiation-dominated epoch. However, the details of the inflationary scenario are far to be completely understood. Thus, in this paper we study if possible additional (exotic) cosmological phases could delay the beginning of the standard Big Bang history and alter some theoretical predictions related to the inflationary cosmological perturbations, like, for instance, the order of magnitude of the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, Proceeding article - 10th Young Researcher Meeting, June 2019
Published: 2020
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4. Energy Density, Temperature and Entropy Dynamics in Perturbative Reheating

Author: Di Marco, Alessandro, De Gasperis, Giancarlo, Pradisi, Gianfranco, and Cabella, Paolo
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We discuss the perturbative decay of the energy density of a non standard inflaton field $\rho_{\phi}$ and the corresponding creation of the energy density of the relativistic fields $\rho_r$ at the end of inflation, in the perfect fluid description, refining some concepts and providing some new computations. In particular, the process is characterized by two fundamental time scales. The first one, $t_\text{max}$, occurs when the energy density $\rho_r$ reaches its largest value, slightly after the beginning of the reheating phase. The second one, $t_\text{reh}$, is the time in which the reheating is completely realized and the thermalization is attained. By assuming a non-instantaneous reheating phase, we are able to derive the energy densities and the temperatures of the produced relativistic bath at $t_\text{max}$ and $t_\text{reh}$, as well as the value of the corresponding horizon entropy $S_\text{hor}$, for an Equation-of-State (EoS) parameter $w\ne 0$., Comment: Compatible with the published PRD Version - 11 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2019
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5. Computerized working memory training for hypertensive individuals with executive function impairment: a randomized clinical trial

Author: Regina Silva Paradela, Brenno Cabella, Mariana Penteado Nucci, Naomi Vidal Ferreira, Laura Aló Torres, Luiza Menoni Martino, Fernanda Marciano Consolim-Colombo, Luiz Aparecido Bortolotto, Danielle Irigoyen da Costa, and Maria Claudia Irigoyen
Subjects: executive function, cognitive dysfunction, rehabilitation, hypertension, magnetic resonance imaging, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract: BackgroundHypertension is associated with working memory (WM) impairment. However, the benefits of Cogmed WM training for the hypertensive population are unknown. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate Cogmed’s effects on the WM performance of hypertensive individuals with executive function (EF) impairment.MethodsWe included 40 hypertensive patients (aged 40–70 years, 68% female) with EF impairment. They were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive 10 weeks of adaptive Cogmed training or a non-adaptive control training based on online games. The primary outcome was the WM performance. The secondary outcomes were verbal memory, visuospatial ability, executive function, global cognition, and the neuronal activity measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) under two WM task conditions: low (memorization of 4 spatial locations) and high (memorization of 6 spatial locations). An intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analysis were performed.ResultsCogmed did not show a significant effect on WM or any other cognitive outcome post-training. However, under the WM-low load and WM-high load conditions of the fMRI, respectively, the Cogmed group had an activation decrease in the right superior parietal lobe (ITT and PP analyses) and left inferior frontal lobe (PP analysis) in comparison to the control group.ConclusionThe Cogmed showed no effects on the WM performance of hypertensive individuals with EF impairment. However, activation decreases were observed in frontoparietal areas related to the WM network, suggesting a more efficient neuronal activity after training.
Published: 2023
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6. On Inflationary Scale, Reheating Scale and Pre-BBN Cosmology with Scalar Fields

Author: Di Marco, Alessandro, Pradisi, Gianfranco, and Cabella, Paolo
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: In this paper, we discuss the constraints on the reheating temperature supposing an early post-reheating cosmological phase dominated by one or more simple scalar fields produced from inflaton decay and decoupled from matter and radiation. In addition, we explore the combined effects of the reheating and non-standard scalar field phases on the inflationary number of $e$-foldings., Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, reference added and typos corrected, PRD accepted
Published: 2018
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7. Constraining the general reheating phase in the $\alpha$-attractor inflationary cosmology

Author: Di Marco, Alessandro, Cabella, Paolo, and Vittorio, Nicola
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract: In this paper we constrain some aspects of the general postinflationary phase in the context of superconformal $\alpha$-attractor models of inflation. In particular, we provide constraints on the duration of the reheating process, $N_{reh}$, and on the reheating temperature, $T_{reh}$, simulating possible and future results given by the next-generation of cosmological missions. Moreover, we stress what kinds of equation-of-state parameter, $w_{reh}$, are favored for different scenarios. The analysis does not depend on the details of the reheating phase and it is performed assuming different measurements of the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$., Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures
Published: 2017
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8. Exploring cosmic origins with CORE: effects of observer peculiar motion

Author: Burigana, C., Carvalho, C. S., Trombetti, T., Notari, A., Quartin, M., De Gasperis, G., Buzzelli, A., Vittorio, N., De Zotti, G., de Bernardis, P., Chluba, J., Bilicki, M., Danese, L., Delabrouille, J., Toffolatti, L., Lapi, A., Negrello, M., Mazzotta, P., Scott, D., Contreras, D., Achucarro, A., Ade, P., Allison, R., Ashdown, M., Ballardini, M., Banday, A. J., Banerji, R., Bartlett, J., Bartolo, N., Basak, S., Bersanelli, M., Bonaldi, A., Bonato, M., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F., Boulanger, F., Brinckmann, T., Bucher, M., Cabella, P., Cai, Z. -Y., Calvo, M., Castellano, G., Challinor, A., Clesse, S., Colantoni, I., Coppolecchia, A., Crook, M., D'Alessandro, G., Diego, J. -M., Di Marco, A., Di Valentino, E., Errard, J., Feeney, S., Fernandez-Cobos, R., Ferraro, S., Finelli, F., Forastieri, F., Galli, S., Genova-Santos, R., Gerbino, M., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Grandis, S., Greenslade, J., Hagstotz, S., Hanany, S., Handley, W., Hernandez-Monteagudo, C., Hervias-Caimapo, C., Hills, M., Hivon, E., Kiiveri, K., Kisner, T., Kitching, T., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lamagna, L., Lasenby, A., Lattanzi, M., Lesgourgues, J., Liguori, M., Lindholm, V., Lopez-Caniego, M., Luzzi, G., Maffei, B., Mandolesi, N., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Martins, C. J. A. P., Masi, S., McCarthy, D., Melchiorri, A., Melin, J. -B., Molinari, D., Monfardini, A., Natoli, P., Paiella, A., Paoletti, D., Patanchon, G., Piat, M., Pisano, G., Polastri, L., Polenta, G., Pollo, A., Poulin, V., Remazeilles, M., Roman, M., Rubino-Martin, J. -A., Salvati, L., Tartari, A., Tomasi, M., Tramonte, D., Trappe, N., Tucker, C., Valiviita, J., Van de Weijgaert, R., van Tent, B., Vennin, V., Vielva, P., Young, K., and Zannoni, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We discuss the effects on the CMB, CIB, and thermal SZ effect due to the peculiar motion of an observer with respect to the CMB rest frame, which induces boosting effects. We investigate the scientific perspectives opened by future CMB space missions, focussing on the CORE proposal. The improvements in sensitivity offered by a mission like CORE, together with its high resolution over a wide frequency range, will provide a more accurate estimate of the CMB dipole. The extension of boosting effects to polarization and cross-correlations will enable a more robust determination of purely velocity-driven effects that are not degenerate with the intrinsic CMB dipole, allowing us to achieve a S/N ratio of 13; this improves on the Planck detection and essentially equals that of an ideal cosmic-variance-limited experiment up to a multipole l of 2000. Precise inter-frequency calibration will offer the opportunity to constrain or even detect CMB spectral distortions, particularly from the cosmological reionization, because of the frequency dependence of the dipole spectrum, without resorting to precise absolute calibration. The expected improvement with respect to COBE-FIRAS in the recovery of distortion parameters (in principle, a factor of several hundred for an ideal experiment with the CORE configuration) ranges from a factor of several up to about 50, depending on the quality of foreground removal and relative calibration. Even for 1% accuracy in both foreground removal and relative calibration at an angular scale of 1 deg, we find that dipole analyses for a mission like CORE will be able to improve the recovery of the CIB spectrum amplitude by a factor of 17 in comparison with current results based on FIRAS. In addition to the scientific potential of a mission like CORE for these analyses, synergies with other planned and ongoing projects are also discussed., Comment: 61+5 pages, 17 figures, 25 tables, 8 sections, 5 appendices. In press on JCAP - Version 3 - Minor changes, affiliations fixed, references updated - version in line with corrected proofs
Published: 2017
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9. Fibre Inflation and Reheating

Author: Cabella, Paolo, Di Marco, Alessandro, and Pradisi, Gianfranco
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract: We present constraints on the reheating era within the string Fibre Inflation scenario, in terms of the effective equation-of-state parameter of the reheating fluid, $w_{reh}$. The results of the analysis, completely independent on the details of the inflaton physics around the vacuum, illustrate the behavior of the number of $e$-foldings during the reheating stage, $N_{reh}$, and of the final reheating temperature, $T_{reh}$, as functions of the scalar spectral index, $n_s$. We analyze our results with respect to the current bounds given by the PLANCK mission data and to upcoming cosmological experiments. We find that large values of the equation-of-state parameter ($w_{reh}>1/3$) are particularly favored as the scalar spectral index is of the order of $n_s\sim 0.9680$, with a $\sigma_{n_s}\sim 0.002$ error. Moreover, we compare the behavior of the general reheating functions $N_{reh}$ and $T_{reh}$ in the Fibre Inflation scenario with that extracted by the class of the $\alpha$-attractor models with $\alpha=2$. We find that the corresponding reheating curves are very similar in the two cases., Comment: Accepted to PRD, 8 pages, 8 figures, references updated, some typos corrected
Published: 2017
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10. Reconstruction of $\alpha$-attractor supergravity models of inflation

Author: Di Marco, A., Cabella, P., and Vittorio, N.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract: In this paper, we apply reconstruction techniques to recover the potential parameters for a particular class of single-field models, the $\alpha$-attractor (supergravity) models of inflation. This also allows to derive the inflaton vacuum expectation value at horizon crossing. We show how to use this value as one of the input variables to constrain the postaccelerated inflationary phase. We assume that the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ is of the order of $10^{-3}$ , a level reachable by the expected sensitivity of the next-generation CMB experiments., Comment: 10 pages, LaTeX, some typos corrected
Published: 2017
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11. Exploring cosmic origins with CORE: Effects of observer peculiar motion

Author: Burigana, C, Carvalho, CS, Trombetti, T, Notari, A, Quartin, M, Gasperis, GD, Buzzelli, A, Vittorio, N, De Zotti, G, de Bernardis, P, Chluba, J, Bilicki, M, Danese, L, Delabrouille, J, Toffolatti, L, Lapi, A, Negrello, M, Mazzotta, P, Scott, D, Contreras, D, Achúcarro, A, Ade, P, Allison, R, Ashdown, M, Ballardini, M, Banday, AJ, Banerji, R, Bartlett, J, Bartolo, N, Basak, S, Bersanelli, M, Bonaldi, A, Bonato, M, Borrill, J, Bouchet, F, Boulanger, F, Brinckmann, T, Bucher, M, Cabella, P, Cai, Z-Y, Calvo, M, Castellano, MG, Challinor, A, Clesse, S, Colantoni, I, Coppolecchia, A, Crook, M, D'Alessandro, G, Diego, J-M, Di Marco, A, Di Valentino, E, Errard, J, Feeney, S, Fernández-Cobos, R, Ferraro, S, Finelli, F, Forastieri, F, Galli, S, Génova-Santos, R, Gerbino, M, González-Nuevo, J, Grandis, S, Greenslade, J, Hagstotz, S, Hanany, S, Handley, W, Hernández-Monteagudo, C, Hervias-Caimapo, C, Hills, M, Hivon, E, Kiiveri, K, Kisner, T, Kitching, T, Kunz, M, Kurki-Suonio, H, Lamagna, L, Lasenby, A, Lattanzi, M, Lesgourgues, J, Liguori, M, Lindholm, V, Lopez-Caniego, M, Luzzi, G, Maffei, B, Mandolesi, N, Martinez-Gonzalez, E, Martins, CJAP, Masi, S, Matarrese, S, McCarthy, D, Melchiorri, A, Melin, J-B, Molinari, D, Monfardini, A, Natoli, P, Paiella, A, Paoletti, D, Patanchon, G, Piat, M, and Pisano, G
Subjects: Clinical Research, CMBR experiments, CMBR theory, high redshift galaxies, reionization, astro-ph.CO, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics
Abstract: We discuss the effects on the cosmic microwave background (CMB), cosmic infrared background (CIB), and thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect due to the peculiar motion of an observer with respect to the CMB rest frame, which induces boosting effects. After a brief review of the current observational and theoretical status, we investigate the scientific perspectives opened by future CMB space missions, focussing on the Cosmic Origins Explorer (CORE) proposal. The improvements in sensitivity offered by a mission like CORE, together with its high resolution over a wide frequency range, will provide a more accurate estimate of the CMB dipole. The extension of boosting effects to polarization and cross-correlations will enable a more robust determination of purely velocity-driven effects that are not degenerate with the intrinsic CMB dipole, allowing us to achieve an overall signal-to-noise ratio of 13; this improves on the Planck detection and essentially equals that of an ideal cosmic-variance-limited experiment up to a multipole ℓ2000. Precise inter-frequency calibration will offer the opportunity to constrain or even detect CMB spectral distortions, particularly from the cosmological reionization epoch, because of the frequency dependence of the dipole spectrum, without resorting to precise absolute calibration. The expected improvement with respect to COBE-FIRAS in the recovery of distortion parameters (which could in principle be a factor of several hundred for an ideal experiment with the CORE configuration) ranges from a factor of several up to about 50, depending on the quality of foreground removal and relative calibration. Even in the case of 1 % accuracy in both foreground removal and relative calibration at an angular scale of 1-, we find that dipole analyses for a mission like CORE will be able to improve the recovery of the CIB spectrum amplitude by a factor 17 in comparison with current results based on COBE-FIRAS. In addition to the scientific potential of a mission like CORE for these analyses, synergies with other planned and ongoing projects are also discussed.
Published: 2018

12. Polarization of Cosmic Microwave Background

Author: Buzzelli, Alessandro, Cabella, Paolo, de Gasperis, Giancarlo, and Vittorio, Nicola
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: In this work we present an extension of the ROMA map-making code for data analysis of Cosmic Microwave Background polarization, with particular attention given to the inflationary polarization B-modes. The new algorithm takes into account a possible cross-correlated noise component among the different detectors of a CMB experiment. We tested the code on the observational data of the BOOMERanG (2003) experiment and we show that we are provided with a better estimate of the power spectra, in particular the error bars of the BB spectrum are smaller up to 20% for low multipoles. We point out the general validity of the new method. A possible future application is the LSPE balloon experiment, devoted to the observation of polarization at large angular scales., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, proceedings of the 6th Young Researchers Meeting, L'Aquila, Oct 12th-14th 2015
Published: 2016
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13. Optimal cosmic microwave background map-making in the presence of cross-correlated noise

Author: de Gasperis, Giancarlo, Buzzelli, Alessandro, Cabella, Paolo, de Bernardis, Paolo, and Vittorio, Nicola
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: We present an extension of the ROMA map-making algorithm for the generation of optimal cosmic microwave background polarization maps. The new code allows for a possible cross-correlated noise component among the detectors of a CMB experiment. A promising application is the forthcoming LSPE balloon-borne experiment, which is devoted to the accurate observation of CMB polarization at large angular scales. We generalized the noise covariance matrix in time domain to account for all the off-diagonal terms due to the detector cross-talk. Hence, we performed preliminary forecasts of the LSPE-SWIPE instrument. We found that considering the noise cross-correlation among the detectors results in a more realistic estimate of the angular power spectra. In particular, the extended ROMA algorithm has provided a considerable reduction of the spectra error bars. We expect that this improvement could be crucial in constraining the B-mode polarization at the largest scales., Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, Accepted for publication in A&A. Changed to match the accepted version after refereeing and language editing
Published: 2016
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14. Usability Testing of a Digital Assessment Routing Tool for Musculoskeletal Disorders: Iterative, Convergent Mixed Methods Study

Author: Cabella Lowe, Mitchell Browne, William Marsh, and Dylan Morrissey
Subjects: Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: BackgroundMusculoskeletal disorders negatively affect millions of patients worldwide, placing significant demand on health care systems. Digital technologies that improve clinical outcomes and efficiency across the care pathway are development priorities. We developed the musculoskeletal Digital Assessment Routing Tool (DART) to enable self-assessment and immediate direction to the right care. ObjectiveWe aimed to assess and resolve all serious DART usability issues to create a positive user experience and enhance system adoption before conducting randomized controlled trials for the integration of DART into musculoskeletal management pathways. MethodsAn iterative, convergent mixed methods design was used, with 22 adult participants assessing 50 different clinical presentations over 5 testing rounds across 4 DART iterations. Participants were recruited using purposive sampling, with quotas for age, habitual internet use, and English-language ability. Quantitative data collection was defined by the constructs within the International Organization for Standardization 9241-210-2019 standard, with user satisfaction measured by the System Usability Scale. Study end points were resolution of all grade 1 and 2 usability problems and a mean System Usability Scale score of ≥80 across a minimum of 3 user group sessions. ResultsAll participants (mean age 48.6, SD 15.2; range 20-77 years) completed the study. Every assessment resulted in a recommendation with no DART system errors and a mean completion time of 5.2 (SD 4.44, range 1-18) minutes. Usability problems were reduced from 12 to 0, with trust and intention to act improving during the study. The relationship between eHealth literacy and age, as explored with a scatter plot and calculation of the Pearson correlation coefficient, was performed for all participants (r=–0.2; 20/22, 91%) and repeated with a potential outlier removed (r=–0.23), with no meaningful relationships observed or found for either. The mean satisfaction for daily internet users was highest (19/22, 86%; mean 86.5, SD 4.48; 90% confidence level [CL] 1.78 or –1.78), with nonnative English speakers (6/22, 27%; mean 78.1, SD 4.60; 90% CL 3.79 or –3.79) and infrequent internet users scoring the lowest (3/22, 14%; mean 70.8, SD 5.44; 90% CL 9.17 or –9.17), although the CIs overlap. The mean score across all groups was 84.3 (SD 4.67), corresponding to an excellent system, with qualitative data from all participants confirming that DART was simple to use. ConclusionsAll serious DART usability issues were resolved, and a good level of satisfaction, trust, and willingness to act on the DART recommendation was demonstrated, thus allowing progression to randomized controlled trials that assess safety and effectiveness against usual care comparators. The iterative, convergent mixed methods design proved highly effective in fully evaluating DART from a user perspective and could provide a blueprint for other researchers of mobile health systems. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR2-10.2196/27205
Published: 2022
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15. Influence of Planck foreground masks in the large angular scale quadrant CMB asymmetry

Author: Santos, L., Cabella, P., Villela, T., and Zhao, W.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The measured CMB angular distribution shows a great consistency with the LCDM model. However, isotropy violations were reported in CMB temperature maps of both WMAP and Planck data. We investigate the influence of different masks employed in the analysis of CMB angular distribution, in particular in the excess of power in the Southeastern quadrant (SEQ) and the lack of power in the Northeastern quadrant (NEQ). We compare the two-point correlation function (TPCF) computed for each quadrant of the CMB foreground-cleaned temperature maps to 1000 simulations generated assuming the LCDM best-fit power spectrum using four different masks. In addition to the quadrants, we computed the TPCF for circular regions in the map where the excess and lack of power are present. We also compare the effect of Galactic cuts in the TPCF calculations as compared to the simulations. We found consistent results for three masks, namely mask-rulerminimal, U73 and U66. The results indicate that the excess of power in the SEQ tends to vanish as the portion of the sky covered by the mask increases and the lack of power in the NEQ remains virtually unchanged. When UT78 mask is applied, the NEQ becomes no longer anomalous and the excess of power in the SEQ becomes the most significant one among the masks. Nevertheless, the asymmetry between the SEQ and NEQ is independent of the mask and it is in disagreement with the isotropic model with at least 95% C.L. We find that UT78 is in disagreement with the other analysed masks, specially considering the SEQ and the NEQ individual analysis. Most importantly, the use of UT78 washes out the anomaly in the NEQ. Furthermore, we found excess of kurtosis, compared with simulations, in the NEQ for the regions not masked by UT78 but masked by the other masks, indicating that the previous result could be due to non-removed residual foregrounds by UT78., Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published: 2015
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16. Dark Matter in Cosmology

Author: Lukovic, Vladimir, Cabella, Paolo, and Vittorio, Nicola
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: In this paper we review the main theoretical and experimental achievements in the field of Dark Matter from the Cosmological and Astrophysical point of view. We revisit it from the very first surveys of local astrophysical matter, up to the stringent constraints on matter properties, coming from the last release of data on cosmological scales. To bring closer and justify the idea of dark matter, we will go across methods and tools for measuring dark matter characteristics, and in some cases a combination of methods that provide one of the greatest direct proofs for dark matter, such as Bullet cluster., Comment: Published in International Journal of Modern Physics A
Published: 2014
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17. Could sampling make hares eat lynxes?

Author: Cabella, Brenno Caetano Troca, Meloni, Fernando, and Martinez, Alexandre Souto
Subjects: Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods, Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution
Abstract: Cycles in population dynamics are widely found in nature. These cycles are understood as emerging from the interaction between two or more coupled species. Here, we argue that data regarding population dynamics are prone to misinterpretation when sampling is conducted at a slow rate compared to the population cycle period. This effect, known as aliasing, is well described in other areas, such as signal processing and computer graphics. However, to the best of our knowledge, aliasing has never been addressed in the population dynamics context or in coupled oscillatory systems. To illustrate aliasing, the Lotka-Volterra model oscillatory regime is numerically sampled, creating prey-predator cycles. Inadequate sampling periods produce inversions in the cause-effect relationship and an increase in cycle period, as reported in the well-known hare-lynx paradox. More generally, slow acquisition rates may distort data, producing deceptive patterns and eventually leading to data misinterpretation.
Published: 2014

18. 48 Usability testing of a musculoskeletal digital assessment routing tool: an iterative convergent mixed methods study

Author: Dylan Morrissey, William Marsh, Cabella Lowe, and Mitchell Browne
Subjects: Medicine (General), R5-920
Published: 2022
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19. 106 Usability of paper and electronic pain drawings in assessing musculoskeletal pain: a scoping review

Author: Dylan Morrissey, Shellie Boudreau, Cabella Lowe, Jordan Smitham, Benjamin Bowling, and Matt Morrissey
Subjects: Medicine (General), R5-920
Published: 2022
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20. Biological Evaluation and In Vitro Characterization of ADME Profile of In-House Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines as Dual Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Active against Glioblastoma Multiforme

Author: Federica Poggialini, Chiara Vagaggini, Annalaura Brai, Claudia Pasqualini, Emmanuele Crespan, Giovanni Maga, Cecilia Perini, Noemi Cabella, Lorenzo Botta, Francesca Musumeci, Maria Frosini, Silvia Schenone, and Elena Dreassi
Subjects: glioblastoma, tyrosine kinase, c-Src/Abl dual inhibitors, pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines, ADME, antiproliferative activity, Pharmacy and materia medica, RS1-441
Abstract: The therapeutic use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) represents one of the successful strategies for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines have already been reported as promising small molecules active as c-Src/Abl dual inhibitors. Herein, we present a series of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives, selected from our in-house library, to identify a promising candidate active against GBM. The inhibitory activity against c-Src and Abl was investigated, and the antiproliferative profile against four GBM cell lines was studied. For the most active compounds endowed with antiproliferative efficacy in the low-micromolar range, the effects toward nontumoral, healthy cell lines (fibroblasts FIBRO 2-93 and keratinocytes HaCaT) was investigated. Lastly, the in silico and in vitro ADME properties of all compounds were also assessed. Among the tested compounds, the promising inhibitory activity against c-Src and Abl (Ki 3.14 µM and 0.44 µM, respectively), the irreversible, apoptotic-mediated death toward U-87, LN18, LN229, and DBTRG GBM cell lines (IC50 6.8 µM, 10.8 µM, 6.9 µM, and 8.5 µM, respectively), the significant reduction in GBM cell migration, the safe profile toward FIBRO 2-93 and HaCaT healthy cell lines (CC50 91.7 µM and 126.5 µM, respectively), the high metabolic stability, and the excellent passive permeability across gastrointestinal and blood–brain barriers led us to select compound 5 for further in vivo assays.
Published: 2023
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21. Quadrant asymmetry in the angular distribution of the Cosmic Microwave Background in the Planck satellite data

Author: Santos, Larissa, Cabella, Paolo, Villela, Thyrso, Balbi, Amedeo, Vittorio, Nicola, and Wuensche, Carlos Alexandre
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Some peculiar features found in the angular distribution of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) measured by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) deserve further investigation. Among these peculiar features, is the quadrant asymmetry, which is likely related to the north-south asymmetry. In this paper, we aim to extend the analysis of the quadrant asymmetry in the $\Lambda$CDM framework to the Planck foreground-cleaned maps, using the mask provided by Planck team. We compute the two-point correlation function (TPCF) from each quadrant of the Planck CMB sky maps, and compare the result with 1000 Monte Carlo (MC) simulations generated assuming the $\Lambda$CDM best-fit power spectrum. We detect the presence of an excess of power in the southeastern quadrant (SEQ) and a significant lack of power in the northeastern quadrant (NEQ) in the Planck data. Asymmetries between the SEQ and the other three quadrants (southwestern quadrant (SWQ), northwestern quadrant (NWQ), and NEQ) are each in disagreement with an isotropic sky at a 95\% confidence level. Furthermore, by rotating the Planck temperature sky map with respect to z direction, we showed the rotation angle where the TPCF of the SEQ has its maximal power. Our analysis of the Planck foreground-cleaned maps shows that there is an excess of power in the TPCF in the SEQ and a significant lack of power in the NEQ when compared with simulations. This asymmetry is anomalous when considering the $\Lambda$CDM framework ., Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published: 2013
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22. Neutrinos and dark energy constraints from future galaxy surveys and CMB lensing information

Author: Santos, Larissa, Cabella, Paolo, Balbi, Amedeo, and Vittorio, Nicola
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We explore the possibility of obtaining better constraints from future astronomical data by means of the Fisher information matrix formalism. In particular, we consider how cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing information can improve our parameter error estimation. We consider a massive neutrino scenario and a time-evolving dark energy equation of state in the $\Lambda$CDM framework. We use Planck satellite experimental specifications together with the future galaxy survey Euclid in our forecast. We found improvements in almost all studied parameters considering Planck alone when CMB lensing information is used. In this case, the improvement with respect to the constraints found without using CMB lensing is of 93% around the fiducial value for the neutrino parameter. The improvement on one of the dark energy parameter reaches 4.4%. When Euclid information is included in the analysis, the improvements on the neutrino parameter constraint is of approximately 128% around its fiducial value. The addition of Euclid information provides smaller errors on the dark energy parameters as well. For Euclid alone, the FoM is a factor of $\sim$ 29 higher than that from Planck alone even considering CMB lensing. Finally, the consideration of a nearly perfect CMB experiment showed that CMB lensing cannot be neglected specially in more precise future CMB experiments since it provided in our case a 6 times better FoM in respect to the unlensed CMB analysis ., Comment: Accepted for publication in PRD
Published: 2013
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23. Planck intermediate results. XIII. Constraints on peculiar velocities

Author: Planck Collaboration, Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit-Levy, A., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bielewicz, P., Bikmaev, I., Bobin, J., Bock, J. J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Burigana, C., Butler, R. C., Cabella, P., Cardoso, J. -F., Catalano, A., Chamballu, A., Chiang, L. -Y, Chon, G., Christensen, P. R., Clements, D. L., Colombi, S., Colombo, L. P. L., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., Da Silva, A., Dahle, H., Davies, R. D., Davis, R. J., de Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Democles, J., Diego, J. M., Dolag, K., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Doerl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Ensslin, T. A., Finelli, F., Flores-Cacho, I., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Frommert, M., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Genova-Santos, R. T., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D., Hernandez-Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Holmes, W. A., Hovest, W., Huffenberger, K. M., Hurier, G., Jaffe, T. R., Jaffe, A. H., Jasche, J., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Keskitalo, R., Khamitov, I., Kisner, T. S., Knoche, J., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lahteenmaki, A., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Lawrence, C. R., Jeune, M. Le, Leonardi, R., Lilje, P. B., Linden-Vornle, M., Lopez-Caniego, M., Macias-Perez, J. F., Maino, D., Mak, D. S. Y., Mandolesi, N., Maris, M., Marleau, F., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Mazzotta, P., Melchiorri, A., Melin, J. -B., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Migliaccio, M., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschenes, M. -A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Moss, A., Munshi, D., Murphy, J. A., Naselsky, P., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C. B., Norgaard-Nielsen, H. U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Pagano, L., Paoletti, D., Perdereau, O., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Pietrobon, D., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Popa, L., Poutanen, T., Pratt, G. W., Prunet, S., Puget, J. -L., Puisieux, S., Rachen, J. P., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Roman, M., Rubino-Martin, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Savini, G., Scott, D., Spencer, L., Sunyaev, R., Sutton, D., Suur-Uski, A. -S., Sygnet, J. -F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Tucci, M., Valenziano, L., Valiviita, J., Van Tent, B., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L. A., Welikala, N., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zibin, J. P., and Zonca, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Using \Planck\ data combined with the Meta Catalogue of X-ray detected Clusters of galaxies (MCXC), we address the study of peculiar motions by searching for evidence of the kinetic Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect (kSZ). By implementing various filters designed to extract the kSZ generated at the positions of the clusters, we obtain consistent constraints on the radial peculiar velocity average, root mean square (rms), and local bulk flow amplitude at different depths. For the whole cluster sample of average redshift 0.18, the measured average radial peculiar velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation at that redshift, i.e., the kSZ monopole, amounts to $72 \pm 60$ km s$^{-1}$. This constitutes less than 1% of the relative Hubble velocity of the cluster sample with respect to our local CMB frame. While the linear $\Lambda$CDM prediction for the typical cluster radial velocity rms at $z=0.15$ is close to 230km s$^{-1}$, the upper limit imposed by \Planck\ data on the cluster subsample corresponds to 800 km s$^{-1}$ at 95% confidence level, i.e., about three times higher. \Planck\ data also set strong constraints on the local bulk flow in volumes centred on the Local Group. There is no detection of bulk flow as measured in any comoving sphere extending to the maximum redshift covered by the cluster sample. A blind search for bulk flows in this sample has an upper limit of 254 km s$^{-1}$ (95% confidence level) dominated by CMB confusion and instrumental noise, indicating that the Universe is largely homogeneous on Gpc scales. In this context, in conjunction with supernova observations, \Planck\ is able to rule out a large class of inhomogeneous void models as alternatives to dark energy or modified gravity. The \Planck\ constraints on peculiar velocities and bulk flows are thus consistent with the $\Lambda$CDM scenario., Comment: 23 pages (including affiliations), 14 figures, minor changes, matches accepted version in A&A
Published: 2013
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24. Planck intermediate results. XII: Diffuse Galactic components in the Gould Belt System

Author: Planck Collaboration, Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Alves, M. I. R., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Battaner, E., Bedini, L., Benabed, K., Benoît, A., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Boulanger, F., Burigana, C., Butler, R. C., Cabella, P., Cardoso, J. -F., Chen, X., Chiang, L. -Y, Christensen, P. R., Clements, D. L., Colombi, S., Colombo, L. P. L., Coulais, A., Cuttaia, F., Davies, R. D., Davis, R. J., de Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Dickinson, C., Diego, J. M., Dobler, G., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Doré, O., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Enßlin, T. A., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Génova-Santos, R. T., Ghosh, T., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Héraud, Y., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D., Hernández-Monteagudo, C., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hornstrup, A., Hovest, W., Huffenberger, K. M., Jaffe, T. R., Jaffe, A. H., Juvela, M., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T. S., Knoche, J., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lähteenmäki, A., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Lawrence, C. R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Lilje, P. B., Linden-Vørnle, M., Lubin, P. M., Macías-Pérez, J. F., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Maris, M., Marshall, D. J., Martin, P. G., Martínez-González, E., Masi, S., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Mazzotta, P., Melchiorri, A., Mennella, A., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschênes, M. -A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, J. A., Naselsky, P., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Oxborrow, C. A., Pajot, F., Paladini, R., Paoletti, D., Peel, M., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Pietrobon, D., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Popa, L., Poutanen, T., Pratt, G. W., Prunet, S., Puget, J. -L., Rachen, J. P., Reach, W. T., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Rusholme, B., Salerno, E., Sandri, M., Savini, G., Scott, D., Spencer, L., Stolyarov, V., Sudiwala, R., Suur-Uski, A. -S., Sygnet, J. -F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Tibbs, C. T., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Valenziano, L., Van Tent, B., Varis, J., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., Ysard, N., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We perform an analysis of the diffuse low-frequency Galactic components in the Southern part of the Gould Belt system (130^\circ\leq l\leq 230^\circ and -50^\circ\leq b\leq -10^\circ). Strong ultra-violet (UV) flux coming from the Gould Belt super-association is responsible for bright diffuse foregrounds that we observe from our position inside the system and that can help us improve our knowledge of the Galactic emission. Free-free emission and anomalous microwave emission (AME) are the dominant components at low frequencies (\nu < 40 GHz), while synchrotron emission is very smooth and faint. We separate diffuse free-free emission and AME from synchrotron emission and thermal dust emission by using Planck data, complemented by ancillary data, using the "Correlated Component Analysis" (CCA) component separation method and we compare with the results of cross-correlation of foreground templates with the frequency maps. We estimate the electron temperature T_e from H$\alpha$ and free-free emission using two methods (temperature-temperature plot and cross-correlation) and we obtain T_e ranging from 3100 to 5200 K, for an effective fraction of absorbing dust along the line of sight of 30% (f_d=0.3). We estimate the frequency spectrum of the diffuse AME and we recover a peak frequency (in flux density units) of 25.5 \pm 1.5 GHz. We verify the reliability of this result with realistic simulations that include the presence of biases in the spectral model for the AME and in the free-free template. By combining physical models for vibrational and rotational dust emission and adding the constraints from the thermal dust spectrum from Planck and IRAS we are able to get a good description of the frequency spectrum of the AME for plausible values of the local density and radiation field., Comment: 20 pages, 14 figures, accepted A&A
Published: 2013
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25. Validation of a Musculoskeletal Digital Assessment Routing Tool: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Crossover Noninferiority Trial

Author: Cabella Lowe, Harry Hanuman Sing, William Marsh, and Dylan Morrissey
Subjects: Medicine, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7
Abstract: BackgroundMusculoskeletal conditions account for 16% of global disability, resulting in a negative effect on millions of patients and an increasing demand for health care use. Digital technologies to improve health care outcomes and efficiency are considered a priority; however, innovations are rarely tested with sufficient rigor in clinical trials, which is the gold standard for clinical proof of safety and efficacy. We have developed a new musculoskeletal digital assessment routing tool (DART) that allows users to self-assess and be directed to the right care. DART requires validation in a real-world setting before implementation. ObjectiveThis pilot study aims to assess the feasibility of a future trial by exploring the key aspects of trial methodology, assessing the procedures, and collecting exploratory data to inform the design of a definitive randomized crossover noninferiority trial to assess DART safety and effectiveness. MethodsWe will collect data from 76 adults with a musculoskeletal condition presenting to general practitioners within a National Health Service (NHS) in England. Participants will complete both a DART assessment and a physiotherapist-led triage, with the order determined by randomization. The primary analysis will involve an absolute agreement intraclass correlation (A,1) estimate with 95% CI between DART and the clinician for assessment outcomes signposting to condition management pathways. Data will be collected to allow the analysis of participant recruitment and retention, randomization, allocation concealment, blinding, data collection process, and bias. In addition, the impact of trial burden and potential barriers to intervention delivery will be considered. The DART user satisfaction will be measured using the system usability scale. ResultsA UK NHS ethics submission was done during June 2021 and is pending approval; recruitment will commence in early 2022, with data collection anticipated to last for 3 months. The results will be reported in a follow-up paper in 2022. ConclusionsThis study will inform the design of a randomized controlled crossover noninferiority study that will provide evidence concerning mobile health DART system clinical signposting in an NHS setting before real-world implementation. Success should produce evidence of a safe, effective system with good usability, potentially facilitating quicker and easier patient access to appropriate care while reducing the burden on primary and secondary care musculoskeletal services. This rigorous approach to mobile health system testing could be used as a guide for other developers of similar applications. Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT04904029; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04904029 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)PRR1-10.2196/31541
Published: 2021
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26. Planck intermediate results. VIII. Filaments between interacting clusters

Author: Planck Collaboration, Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoît, A., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bikmaev, I., Böhringer, H., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Bourdin, H., Burenin, R., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cardoso, J. -F., Castex, G., Catalano, A., Cayón, L., Chamballu, A., Chary, R. -R., Chiang, L. -Y, Chon, G., Christensen, P. R., Clements, D. L., Colafrancesco, S., Colombo, L. P. L., Comis, B., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., Da Silva, A., Dahle, H., Danese, L., Davis, R. J., de Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Démoclès, J., Désert, F. -X., Diego, J. M., Dolag, K., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Doré, O., Dörl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Finelli, F., Flores-Cacho, I., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Frommert, M., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Génova-Santos, R. T., Giard, M., Gilfanov, M., Giraud-Héraud, Y., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D., Hempel, A., Henrot-Versillé, S., Hernández-Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hovest, W., Hurier, G., Jaffe, T. R., Jaffe, A. H., Jagemann, T., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Khamitov, I., Kisner, T. S., Kneissl, R., Knoche, J., Knox, L., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Lawrence, C. R., Jeune, M. Le, Leonardi, R., Lilje, P. B., Linden-Vørnle, M., López-Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., Luzzi, G., Macías-Pérez, J. F., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Maris, M., Marleau, F., Marshall, D. J., Martínez-González, E., Masi, S., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., Mei, S., Melchiorri, A., Melin, J. -B., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschênes, M. -A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Munshi, D., Murphy, J. A., Naselsky, P., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Paoletti, D., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Piffaretti, R., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Popa, L., Poutanen, T., Pratt, G. W., Prunet, S., Puget, J. -L., Rachen, J. P., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Roman, M., Rosset, C., Rossetti, M., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Savini, G., Schaefer, B. M., Scott, D., Smoot, G. F., Starck, J. -L., Sudiwala, R., Sunyaev, R., Sutton, D., Suur-Uski, A. -S., Sygnet, J. -F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Valenziano, L., Van Tent, B., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., Welikala, N., White, S. D. M., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: About half of the baryons of the Universe are expected to be in the form of filaments of hot and low density intergalactic medium. Most of these baryons remain undetected even by the most advanced X-ray observatories which are limited in sensitivity to the diffuse low density medium. The Planck satellite has provided hundreds of detections of the hot gas in clusters of galaxies via the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) effect and is an ideal instrument for studying extended low density media through the tSZ effect. In this paper we use the Planck data to search for signatures of a fraction of these missing baryons between pairs of galaxy clusters. Cluster pairs are good candidates for searching for the hotter and denser phase of the intergalactic medium (which is more easily observed through the SZ effect). Using an X-ray catalogue of clusters and the Planck data, we select physical pairs of clusters as candidates. Using the Planck data we construct a local map of the tSZ effect centered on each pair of galaxy clusters. ROSAT data is used to construct X-ray maps of these pairs. After having modelled and subtracted the tSZ effect and X-ray emission for each cluster in the pair we study the residuals on both the SZ and X-ray maps. For the merging cluster pair A399-A401 we observe a significant tSZ effect signal in the intercluster region beyond the virial radii of the clusters. A joint X-ray SZ analysis allows us to constrain the temperature and density of this intercluster medium. We obtain a temperature of kT = 7.1 +- 0.9, keV (consistent with previous estimates) and a baryon density of (3.7 +- 0.2)x10^-4, cm^-3. The Planck satellite mission has provided the first SZ detection of the hot and diffuse intercluster gas., Comment: Accepted by A&A
Published: 2012
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27. Planck Intermediate Results. IX. Detection of the Galactic haze with Planck

Author: Planck Collaboration, Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoît, A., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cardoso, J. -F., Catalano, A., Cayón, L., Chary, R. -R., Chiang, L. -Y, Christensen, P. R., Clements, D. L., Colombo, L. P. L., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., D'Arcangelo, O., Davis, R. J., de Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Dickinson, C., Diego, J. M., Dobler, G., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Doré, O., Dörl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Giard, M., Giardino, G., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D., Helou, G., Henrot-Versillé, S., Hernández-Monteagudo, C., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hornstrup, A., Hovest, W., Huffenberger, K. M., Jaffe, T. R., Jagemann, T., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Keihänen, E., Knoche, J., Knox, L., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lähteenmäki, A., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Lawrence, C. R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Lilje, P. B., Linden-Vørnle, M., López-Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., Macías-Pérez, J. F., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Maris, M., Martin, P. G., Martínez-González, E., Masi, S., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., Meinhold, P. R., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschênes, M. -A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Munshi, D., Murphy, J. A., Naselsky, P., Natoli, P., Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U., Noviello, F., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Paladini, R., Paoletti, D., Partridge, B., Pearson, T. J., Perdereau, O., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Pietrobon, D., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Popa, L., Poutanen, T., Pratt, G. W., Prunet, S., Puget, J. -L., Rachen, J. P., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Savini, G., Schaefer, B. M., Scott, D., Smoot, G. F., Stivoli, F., Sudiwala, R., Suur-Uski, A. -S., Sygnet, J. -F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Türler, M., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Van Tent, B., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., White, M., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Using precise full-sky observations from Planck, and applying several methods of component separation, we identify and characterize the emission from the Galactic "haze" at microwave wavelengths. The haze is a distinct component of diffuse Galactic emission, roughly centered on the Galactic centre, and extends to |b| ~35 deg in Galactic latitude and |l| ~15 deg in longitude. By combining the Planck data with observations from the WMAP we are able to determine the spectrum of this emission to high accuracy, unhindered by the large systematic biases present in previous analyses. The derived spectrum is consistent with power-law emission with a spectral index of -2.55 +/- 0.05, thus excluding free-free emission as the source and instead favouring hard-spectrum synchrotron radiation from an electron population with a spectrum (number density per energy) dN/dE ~ E^-2.1. At Galactic latitudes |b|<30 deg, the microwave haze morphology is consistent with that of the Fermi gamma-ray "haze" or "bubbles," indicating that we have a multi-wavelength view of a distinct component of our Galaxy. Given both the very hard spectrum and the extended nature of the emission, it is highly unlikely that the haze electrons result from supernova shocks in the Galactic disk. Instead, a new mechanism for cosmic-ray acceleration in the centre of our Galaxy is implied., Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures, submitted to Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published: 2012
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28. Planck intermediate results. X. Physics of the hot gas in the Coma cluster

Author: Planck Collaboration, Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoît, A., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bikmaev, I., Böhringer, H., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Bourdin, H., Brown, M. L., Brown, S. D., Burenin, R., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cardoso, J. -F., Carvalho, P., Catalano, A., Cayón, L., Chiang, L. -Y, Chon, G., Christensen, P. R., Churazov, E., Clements, D. L., Colafrancesco, S., Colombo, L. P. L., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., Da Silva, A., Dahle, H., Danese, L., Davis, R. J., de Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Démoclès, J., Désert, F. -X., Dickinson, C., Diego, J. M., Dolag, K., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Doré, O., Dörl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Enßlin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Finelli, F., Flores-Cacho, I., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Frommert, M., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Génova-Santos, R. T., Giard, M., Gilfanov, M., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D., Henrot-Versillé, S., Hernández-Monteagudo, C., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hornstrup, A., Hovest, W., Huffenberger, K. M., Hurier, G., Jaffe, T. R., Jagemann, T., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Keihänen, E., Khamitov, I., Kneissl, R., Knoche, J., Knox, L., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lähteenmäki, A., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Lawrence, C. R., Jeune, M. Le, Leonardi, R., Lilje, P. B., Linden-Vørnle, M., López-Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., Macías-Pérez, J. F., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Maris, M., Marleau, F., Martínez-González, E., Masi, S., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., Mei, S., Melchiorri, A., Melin, J. -B., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschênes, M. -A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Munshi, D., Murphy, J. A., Naselsky, P., Natoli, P., Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Paoletti, D., Perdereau, O., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Piffaretti, R., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Popa, L., Poutanen, T., Pratt, G. W., Prunet, S., Puget, J. -L., Rachen, J. P., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Roman, M., Rosset, C., Rossetti, M., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Rudnick, L., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Savini, G., Schaefer, B. M., Scott, D., Smoot, G. F., Stivoli, F., Sudiwala, R., Sunyaev, R., Sutton, D., Suur-Uski, A. -S., Sygnet, J. -F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Türler, M., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Van Tent, B., Varis, J., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., Welikala, N., White, S. D. M., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zaroubi, S., and Zonca, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present an analysis of Planck satellite data on the Coma Cluster observed via the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect. Planck is able, for the first time, to detect SZ emission up to r ~ 3 X R_500. We test previously proposed models for the pressure distribution in clusters against the azimuthally averaged data. We find that the Arnaud et al. universal pressure profile does not fit Coma, and that their pressure profile for merging systems provides a good fit of the data only at rR_500 than the mean pressure profile predicted by the simulations. The Planck image shows significant local steepening of the y profile in two regions about half a degree to the west and to the south-east of the cluster centre. These features are consistent with the presence of shock fronts at these radii, and indeed the western feature was previously noticed in the ROSAT PSPC mosaic as well as in the radio. Using Planck y profiles extracted from corresponding sectors we find pressure jumps of 4.5+0.4-0.2 and 5.0+1.3-0.1 in the west and southeast, respectively. Assuming Rankine-Hugoniot pressure jump conditions, we deduce that the shock waves should propagate with Mach number M_w=2.03+0.09-0.04 and M_se=2.05+0.25-0.02 in the West and Southeast, respectively. Finally, we find that the y and radio-synchrotron signals are quasi-linearly correlated on Mpc scales with small intrinsic scatter. This implies either that the energy density of cosmic-ray electrons is relatively constant throughout the cluster, or that the magnetic fields fall off much more slowly with radius than previously thought., Comment: 20 pages, 18 figure, accepted by A&A, replaced to match published version
Published: 2012
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29. Planck intermediate results. VII. Statistical properties of infrared and radio extragalactic sources from the Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue at frequencies between 100 and 857 GHz

Author: Planck Collaboration, Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Argüeso, F., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoît, A., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bethermin, M., Bhatia, R., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cardoso, J. -F., Catalano, A., Cayón, L., Chamballu, A., Chary, R. -R., Chen, X., Chiang, L. -Y, Christensen, P. R., Clements, D. L., Colafrancesco, S., Colombi, S., Colombo, L. P. L., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davis, R. J., de Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Dickinson, C., Diego, J. M., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Doré, O., Dörl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Héraud, Y., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D., Henrot-Versillé, S., Hernández-Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Jaffe, T. R., Jaffe, A. H., Jagemann, T., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Keihänen, E., Kisner, T. S., Kneissl, R., Knoche, J., Knox, L., Kunz, M., Kurinsky, N., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lähteenmäki, A., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Lawrence, C. R., Leonardi, R., Lilje, P. B., López-Caniego, M., Macías-Pérez, J. F., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Maris, M., Marshall, D. J., Martínez-González, E., Masi, S., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Mazzotta, P., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschênes, M. -A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, J. A., Naselsky, P., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Paladini, R., Paoletti, D., Partridge, B., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Popa, L., Poutanen, T., Pratt, G. W., Prunet, S., Puget, J. -L., Rachen, J. P., Reach, W. T., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rowan-Robinson, M., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sajina, A., Sandri, M., Savini, G., Scott, D., Smoot, G. F., Starck, J. -L., Sudiwala, R., Suur-Uski, A. -S., Sygnet, J. -F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Tucci, M., Türler, M., Valenziano, L., Van Tent, B., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., White, M., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: (abridged for arXiv) We make use of the Planck all-sky survey to derive number counts and spectral indices of extragalactic sources -- infrared and radio sources -- from the Planck Early Catalogue (ERCSC) at 100 to 857GHz. Our sample contains, after the 80% completeness cut, between 122 and 452 and sources, with flux densities above 0.3 and 1.9Jy at 100 and 857GHz, over about 31 to 40% of the sky. Using Planck HFI, all the sources have been classified as either dust-dominated or synchrotron-dominated on the basis of their spectral energy distributions (SED). Our sample is thus complete, flux-limited and color-selected to differentiate between the two populations. We find an approximately equal number of synchrotron and dusty sources between 217 and 353GHz; at 353GHz or higher (or 217GHz and lower) frequencies, the number is dominated by dusty (synchrotron) sources, as expected. For most of the sources, the spectral indices are also derived. We provide for the first time counts of bright sources from 353 to 857GHz and the contributions from dusty and synchrotron sources at all HFI frequencies in the key spectral range where these spectra are crossing. The observed counts are in the Euclidean regime. The number counts are compared to previously published data (earlier Planck, Herschel, BLAST, SCUBA, LABOCA, SPT, and ACT) and models taking into account both radio or infrared galaxies. We derive the multi-frequency Euclidean level and compare it to WMAP, Spitzer and IRAS results. The submillimetre number counts are not well reproduced by current evolution models of dusty galaxies, whereas the millimetre part appears reasonably well fitted by the most recent model for synchrotron-dominated sources. Finally we provide estimates of the local luminosity density of dusty galaxies, providing the first such measurements at 545 and 857GHz., Comment: in press, A&A, 2013 -- matches published version (updated text for clarity after referee's report; conclusions unchanged) 20 pages (2 column), 14 figs (+3 in appendix), 9 tables
Published: 2012
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30. Planck Intermediate Results. V. Pressure profiles of galaxy clusters from the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect

Author: Planck Collaboration, Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bikmaev, I., Boehringer, H., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J. R., Borgani, S., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Bourdin, H., Brown, M. L., Burenin, R., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cardoso, J. -F., Carvalho, P., Castex, G., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Chamballu, A., Chiang, L. -Y, Chon, G., Christensen, P. R., Churazov, E., Clements, D. L., Colafrancesco, S., Colombi, S., Colombo, L. P. L., Comis, B., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., Da Silva, A., Dahle, H., Danese, L., Davis, R. J., de Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Democles, J., Desert, F. -X., Diego, J. M., Dolag, K., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Ensslin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Finelli, F., Flores-Cacho, I., Forni, O., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Frommert, M., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Genova-Santos, R. T., Giard, M., Giraud-Heraud, Y., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gorski, K. M., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D., Hempel, A., Henrot-Versille, S., Hernandez-Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hurier, G., Jaffe, T. R., Jaffe, A. H., Jagemann, T., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Khamitov, I., Kisner, T. S., Kneissl, R., Knoche, J., Knox, L., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lahteenmaki, A., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Lawrence, C. R., Jeune, M. Le, Leonardi, R., Liddle, A., Lilje, P. B., Lopez-Caniego, M., Luzzi, G., Macias-Perez, J. F., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Maris, M., Marleau, F., Marshall, D. J., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Mazzotta, P., Mei, S., Melchiorri, A., Melin, J. -B., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschaines, M. -A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, J. A., Naselsky, P., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Norgaard-Nielsen, H. U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Paoletti, D., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Piffaretti, R., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Popa, L., Poutanen, T., Pratt, G. W., Prunet, S., Puget, J. -L., Rachen, J. P., Reach, W. T., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Roman, M., Rosset, C., Rossetti, M., Rubino-Martin, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Savini, G., Scott, D., Smoot, G. F., Starck, J. -L., Sudiwala, R., Sunyaev, R., Sutton, D., Suur-Uski, A. -S., Sygnet, J. -F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Valenziano, L., Van Tent, B., Varis, J., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., Welikala, N., White, S. D. M., White, M., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Taking advantage of the all-sky coverage and broad frequency range of the Planck satellite, we study the Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) and pressure profiles of 62 nearby massive clusters detected at high significance in the 14-month nominal survey. Careful reconstruction of the SZ signal indicates that most clusters are individually detected at least out to R500. By stacking the radial profiles, we have statistically detected the radial SZ signal out to 3 x R500, i.e., at a density contrast of about 50-100, though the dispersion about the mean profile dominates the statistical errors across the whole radial range. Our measurement is fully consistent with previous Planck results on integrated SZ fluxes, further strengthening the agreement between SZ and X-ray measurements inside R500. Correcting for the effects of the Planck beam, we have calculated the corresponding pressure profiles. This new constraint from SZ measurements is consistent with the X-ray constraints from XMM-Newton in the region in which the profiles overlap (i.e., [0.1-1]R500), and is in fairly good agreement with theoretical predictions within the expected dispersion. At larger radii the average pressure profile is slightly flatter than most predictions from numerical simulations. Combining the SZ and X-ray observed profiles into a joint fit to a generalised pressure profile gives best-fit parameters [P0, c500, gamma, alpha, beta] = [6.41, 1.81, 0.31, 1.33, 4.13]. Using a reasonable hypothesis for the gas temperature in the cluster outskirts we reconstruct from our stacked pressure profile the gas mass fraction profile out to 3 x R500. Within the temperature driven uncertainties, our Planck constraints are compatible with the cosmic baryon fraction and expected gas fraction in halos., Comment: 24 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Published: 2012
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31. Planck intermediate results. VI: The dynamical structure of PLCKG214.6+37.0, a Planck discovered triple system of galaxy clusters

Author: Planck Collaboration, Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoît, A., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Böhringer, H., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Bourdin, H., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cardoso, J. -F., Castex, G., Catalano, A., Cayón, L., Chamballu, A., Chiang, L. -Y, Chon, G., Christensen, P. R., Clements, D. L., Colafrancesco, S., Colombi, S., Colombo, L. P. L., Comis, B., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., Da Silva, A., Dahle, H., Danese, L., Davis, R. J., de Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Diego, J. M., Dolag, K., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Doré, O., Dörl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Finelli, F., Flores-Cacho, I., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Frommert, M., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Génova-Santos, R. T., Giard, M., Gilfanov, M., Giraud-Héraud, Y., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D., Heinämäki, P., Hempel, A., Henrot-Versillé, S., Hernández-Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hurier, G., Jaffe, T. R., Jaffe, A. H., Jagemann, T., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Keihänen, E., Kisner, T. S., Kneissl, R., Knoche, J., Knox, L., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lähteenmäki, A., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Lawrence, C. R., Jeune, M. Le, Leonardi, R., Lilje, P. B., López-Caniego, M., Luzzi, G., Macías-Pérez, J. F., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Maris, M., Marleau, F., Marshall, D. J., Martínez-González, E., Masi, S., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Mazzotta, P., Mei, S., Melchiorri, A., Melin, J. -B., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschênes, M. -A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, J. A., Naselsky, P., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U., Noviello, F., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Paoletti, D., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Piffaretti, R., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Popa, L., Poutanen, T., Pratt, G. W., Prunet, S., Puget, J. -L., Rachen, J. P., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Roman, M., Rosset, C., Rossetti, M., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Savini, G., Scott, D., Smoot, G. F., Starck, J. -L., Sudiwala, R., Sunyaev, R., Sutton, D., Suur-Uski, A. -S., Sygnet, J. -F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Valenziano, L., Van Tent, B., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., Welikala, N., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zaroubi, S., and Zonca, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The survey of galaxy clusters performed by Planck through the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect has already discovered many interesting objects, thanks to the whole coverage of the sky. One of the SZ candidates detected in the early months of the mission near to the signal to noise threshold, PLCKG214.6+37.0, was later revealed by XMM-Newton to be a triple system of galaxy clusters. We have further investigated this puzzling system with a multi-wavelength approach and we present here the results from a deep XMM-Newton re-observation. The characterisation of the physical properties of the three components has allowed us to build a template model to extract the total SZ signal of this system with Planck data. We partly reconciled the discrepancy between the expected SZ signal from X-rays and the observed one, which are now consistent at less than 1.2 sigma. We measured the redshift of the three components with the iron lines in the X-ray spectrum, and confirmed that the three clumps are likely part of the same supercluster structure. The analysis of the dynamical state of the three components, as well as the absence of detectable excess X-ray emission, suggest that we are witnessing the formation of a massive cluster at an early phase of interaction., Comment: Submitted to Astronomy & Astrophysics
Published: 2012
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32. Forecasting isocurvature models with CMB lensing information: axion and curvaton scenarios

Author: Santos, Larissa, Cabella, Paolo, Balbi, Amedeo, and Vittorio, Nicola
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Some inflationary models predict the existence of isocurvature primordial fluctuations, in addition to the well known adiabatic perturbation. Such mixed models are not yet ruled out by available data sets. In this paper we explore the possibility of obtaining better constraints on the isocurva- ture contribution from future astronomical data. We consider the axion and curvaton inflationary scenarios, and use Planck satellite experimental specifications together with SDSS galaxy survey to forecast for the best parameter error estimation by means of the Fisher information matrix formal- ism. In particular, we consider how CMB lensing information can improve this forecast. We found substantial improvements for all the considered cosmological parameters. In the case of isocurvature amplitude this improvement is strongly model dependent, varying between less than 1% and above 20% around its fiducial value. Furthermore, CMB lensing enables the degeneracy break between the isocurvature amplitude and correlation phase in one of the models. In this sense, CMB lensing information will be crucial in the analysis of future data., Comment: Accepted for publication in PRD
Published: 2012
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33. Planck Intermediate Results. IV. The XMM-Newton validation programme for new Planck galaxy clusters

Author: Planck Collaboration, Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoît, A., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bikmaev, I., Böhringer, H., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J. R., Borgani, S., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Brown, M. L., Burigana, C., Butler, R. C., Cabella, P., Carvalho, P., Catalano, A., Cayón, L., Chamballu, A., Chary, R. -R., Chiang, L. -Y, Chon, G., Christensen, P. R., Clements, D. L., Colafrancesco, S., Colombi, S., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., Da Silva, A., Dahle, H., Davis, R. J., de Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Démoclès, J., Désert, F. -X., Diego, J. M., Dolag, K., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Doré, O., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Enßlin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Finelli, F., Flores-Cacho, I., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Frommert, M., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Génova-Santos, R. T., Giraud-Héraud, Y., González-Nuevo, J., González-Riestra, R., Górski, K. M., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D., Hempel, A., Henrot-Versillé, S., Hernández-Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hornstrup, A., Hovest, W., Huffenberger, K. M., Hurier, G., Jaffe, A. H., Jagemann, T., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Kneissl, R., Knoche, J., Knox, L., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Lawrence, C. R., Jeune, M. Le, Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Liddle, A., Lilje, P. B., Linden-Vørnle, M., López-Caniego, M., Luzzi, G., Macías-Pérez, J. F., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Marleau, F., Marshall, D. J., Martínez-González, E., Masi, S., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Mazzotta, P., Mei, S., Meinhold, P. R., Melchiorri, A., Melin, J. -B., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschênes, M. -A., Moneti, A., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Naselsky, P., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U., Noviello, F., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Paoletti, D., Perdereau, O., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Piffaretti, R., Plaszczynski, S., Platania, P., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Popa, L., Poutanen, T., Pratt, G. W., Prunet, S., Puget, J. -L., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rossetti, M., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Savini, G., Scott, D., Smoot, G. F., Stanford, A., Stivoli, F., Sudiwala, R., Sunyaev, R., Sutton, D., Suur-Uski, A. -S., Sygnet, J. -F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Valenziano, L., Van Tent, B., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., Welikala, N., Weller, J., White, S. D. M., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present the final results from the XMM-Newton validation follow-up of new Planck galaxy cluster candidates. We observed 15 new candidates, detected with signal-to-noise ratios between 4.0 and 6.1 in the 15.5-month nominal Planck survey. The candidates were selected using ancillary data flags derived from the ROSAT All Sky Survey (RASS) and Digitized Sky Survey all-sky maps, with the aim of pushing into the low SZ flux, high-z regime and testing RASS flags as indicators of candidate reliability. 14 new clusters were detected by XMM, including 2 double systems. Redshifts lie in the range 0.2 to 0.9, with 6 clusters at z>0.5. Estimated M500 range from 2.5 10^14 to 8 10^14 Msun. We discuss our results in the context of the full XMM validation programme, in which 51 new clusters have been detected. This includes 4 double and 2 triple systems, some of which are chance projections on the sky of clusters at different z. We find that association with a RASS-BSC source is a robust indicator of the reliability of a candidate, whereas association with a FSC source does not guarantee that the SZ candidate is a bona fide cluster. Nevertheless, most Planck clusters appear in RASS maps, with a significance greater than 2 sigma being a good indication that the candidate is a real cluster. The full sample gives a Planck sensitivity threshold of Y500 ~ 4 10^-4 arcmin^2, with indication for Malmquist bias in the YX-Y500 relation below this level. The corresponding mass threshold depends on z. Systems with M500 > 5 10^14 Msun at z > 0.5 are easily detectable with Planck. The newly-detected clusters follow the YX-Y500 relation derived from X-ray selected samples. Compared to X-ray selected clusters, the new SZ clusters have a lower X-ray luminosity on average for their mass. There is no indication of departure from standard self-similar evolution in the X-ray versus SZ scaling properties. (abridged), Comment: accepted by A&A
Published: 2012
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34. Planck intermediate results. III. The relation between galaxy cluster mass and Sunyaev-Zeldovich signal

Author: Planck Collaboration, Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Battaner, E., Battye, R., Benabed, K., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bikmaev, I., Böhringer, H., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J. R., Borgani, S., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Bourdin, H., Brown, M. L., Bucher, M., Burenin, R., Burigana, C., Butler, R. C., Cabella, P., Cardoso, J. -F., Carvalho, P., Chamballu, A., Chiang, L. -Y, Chon, G., Clements, D. L., Colafrancesco, S., Coulais, A., Cuttaia, F., Da Silva, A., Dahle, H., Davis, R. J., de Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., Delabrouille, J., Démoclès, J., Désert, F. -X., Diego, J. M., Dolag, K., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Doré, O., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Finelli, F., Flores-Cacho, I., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Frommert, M., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Génova-Santos, R. T., Giard, M., Giraud-Héraud, Y., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D., Hernández-Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Huffenberger, K. M., Hurier, G., Jagemann, T., Juvela, M., Keihänen, E., Khamitov, I., Kneissl, R., Knoche, J., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Lawrence, C. R., Jeune, M. Le, Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Liddle, A., Lilje, P. B., Linden-Vørnle, M., López-Caniego, M., Luzzi, G., Macías-Pérez, J. F., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Maris, M., Marleau, F., Marshall, D. J., Martínez-González, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., Meinhold, P. R., Melchiorri, A., Melin, J. -B., Mendes, L., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschênes, M. -A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Munshi, D., Natoli, P., Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U., Noviello, F., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Paoletti, D., Partridge, B., Pearson, T. J., Perdereau, O., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Piffaretti, R., Platania, P., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Popa, L., Poutanen, T., Pratt, G. W., Prunet, S., Puget, J. -L., Rachen, J. P., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rossetti, M., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Savini, G., Scott, D., Starck, J. -L., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Sudiwala, R., Sunyaev, R., Sutton, D., Suur-Uski, A. -S., Sygnet, J. -F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Valenziano, L., Van Tent, B., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wandelt, B. D., Weller, J., White, S. D. M., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We examine the relation between the galaxy cluster mass M and Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect signal D_A^2 Y for a sample of 19 objects for which weak lensing (WL) mass measurements obtained from Subaru Telescope data are available in the literature. Hydrostatic X-ray masses are derived from XMM-Newton archive data and the SZ effect signal is measured from Planck all-sky survey data. We find an M_WL-D_A^2 Y relation that is consistent in slope and normalisation with previous determinations using weak lensing masses; however, there is a normalisation offset with respect to previous measures based on hydrostatic X-ray mass-proxy relations. We verify that our SZ effect measurements are in excellent agreement with previous determinations from Planck data. For the present sample, the hydrostatic X-ray masses at R_500 are on average ~ 20 per cent larger than the corresponding weak lensing masses, at odds with expectations. We show that the mass discrepancy is driven by a difference in mass concentration as measured by the two methods, and, for the present sample, the mass discrepancy and difference in mass concentration is especially large for disturbed systems. The mass discrepancy is also linked to the offset in centres used by the X-ray and weak lensing analyses, which again is most important in disturbed systems. We outline several approaches that are needed to help achieve convergence in cluster mass measurement with X-ray and weak lensing observations., Comment: 19 pages, 9 figures, matches accepted version
Published: 2012
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35. Planck Intermediate Results II: Comparison of Sunyaev-Zeldovich measurements from Planck and from the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager for 11 galaxy clusters

Author: Planck, Collaborations, AMI, Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Battaner, E., Battye, R., Benabed, K., Benoît, A., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bikmaev, I., Böhringer, H., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Bourdin, H., Brown, M. L., Bucher, M., Burenin, R., Burigana, C., Butler, R. C., Cabella, P., Carvalho, P., Catalano, A., Cayón, L., Chamballu, A., Chary, R. -R., Chiang, L. -Y, Chon, G., Clements, D. L., Colafrancesco, S., Colombi, S., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., Da Silva, A., Dahle, H., Davies, R. D., Davis, R. J., de Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Démoclès, J., Dickinson, C., Diego, J. M., Dolag, K., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Doré, O., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Enßlin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Feroz, F., Finelli, F., Flores-Cacho, I., Forni, O., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fromenteau, S., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Génova-Santos, R. T., Giard, M., Giraud-Héraud, Y., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Grainge, K. J. B., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D., Henrot-Versillé, S., Hernández-Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Huffenberger, K. M., Hurier, G., Hurley-Walker, N., Jagemann, T., Juvela, M., Keihänen, E., Khamitov, I., Kneissl, R., Knoche, J., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Lawrence, C. R., Jeune, M. Le, Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Liddle, A., Lilje, P. B., Linden-Vørnle, M., López-Caniego, M., Luzzi, G., Macías-Pérez, J. F., MacTavish, C. J., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Maris, M., Marleau, F., Marshall, D. J., Martínez-González, E., Masi, S., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., Melchiorri, A., Melin, J. -B., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschênes, M. -A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Munshi, D., Naselsky, P., Natoli, P., Noviello, F., Olamaie, M., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Paoletti, D., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Pearson, T. J., Perdereau, O., Perrott, Y. C., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Pierpaoli, E., Platania, P., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Popa, L., Poutanen, T., Pratt, G. W., Puget, J. -L., Rachen, J. P., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rodríguez-Gonzálvez, C., Rosset, C., Rossetti, M., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Rusholme, B., Saunders, R. D. E., Savini, G., Schammel, M. P., Scott, D., Shimwell, T. W., Smoot, G. F., Starck, J. -L., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Sunyaev, R., Sutton, D., Suur-Uski, A. -S., Sygnet, J. -F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Valenziano, L., Van Tent, B., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: A comparison is presented of Sunyaev-Zeldovich measurements for 11 galaxy clusters as obtained by Planck and by the ground-based interferometer, the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager. Assuming a universal spherically-symmetric Generalised Navarro, Frenk & White (GNFW) model for the cluster gas pressure profile, we jointly constrain the integrated Compton-Y parameter (Y_500) and the scale radius (theta_500) of each cluster. Our resulting constraints in the Y_500-theta_500 2D parameter space derived from the two instruments overlap significantly for eight of the clusters, although, overall, there is a tendency for AMI to find the Sunyaev-Zeldovich signal to be smaller in angular size and fainter than Planck. Significant discrepancies exist for the three remaining clusters in the sample, namely A1413, A1914, and the newly-discovered Planck cluster PLCKESZ G139.59+24.18. The robustness of the analysis of both the Planck and AMI data is demonstrated through the use of detailed simulations, which also discount confusion from residual point (radio) sources and from diffuse astrophysical foregrounds as possible explanations for the discrepancies found. For a subset of our cluster sample, we have investigated the dependence of our results on the assumed pressure profile by repeating the analysis adopting the best-fitting GNFW profile shape which best matches X-ray observations. Adopting the best-fitting profile shape from the X-ray data does not, in general, resolve the discrepancies found in this subset of five clusters. Though based on a small sample, our results suggest that the adopted GNFW model may not be sufficiently flexible to describe clusters universally., Comment: update to metadata author list only
Published: 2012
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36. Planck Intermediate Results. I. Further validation of new Planck clusters with XMM-Newton

Author: The Planck Collaboration, Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Böhringer, H., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Bourdin, H., Brown, M. L., Burigana, C., Butler, R. C., Cabella, P., Cardoso, J. -F., Carvalho, P., Catalano, A., Cayón, L., Chamballu, A., Chary, R. -R., Chiang, L. -Y, Chon, G., Christensen, P. R., Clements, D. L., Colafrancesco, S., Colombi, S., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., Da Silva, A., Dahle, H., Davis, R. J., de Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Démoclès, J., Désert, F. -X., Diego, J. M., Dolag, K., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Doré, O., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Enßlin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Finelli, F., Flores-Cacho, I., Forni, O., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Fromenteau, S., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Génova-Santos, R. T., Giard, M., González-Nuevo, J., González-Riestra, R., Górski, K. M., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D., Hempel, A., Hernández-Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hornstrup, A., Huffenberger, K. M., Hurier, G., Jagemann, T., Jasche, J., Juvela, M., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T. S., Kneissl, R., Knoche, J., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lähteenmäki, A., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Lawrence, C. R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Liddle, A., Lilje, P. B., López-Caniego, M., Luzzi, G., Macías-Pérez, J. F., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Marleau, F., Marshall, D. J., Martínez-González, E., Masi, S., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., Meinhold, P. R., Melchiorri, A., Melin, J. -B., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Miville-Deschênes, M. -A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Naselsky, P., Natoli, P., Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U., Noviello, F., Osborne, S., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Perdereau, O., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Pierpaoli, E., Plaszczynski, S., Platania, P., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Popa, L., Poutanen, T., Pratt, G. W., Puget, J. -L., Rachen, J. P., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rossetti, M., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Savini, G., Schaefer, B. M., Scott, D., Smoot, G. F., Starck, J. -L., Stivoli, F., Sunyaev, R., Sutton, D., Sygnet, J. -F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Valenziano, L., Van Tent, B., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wandelt, B. D., Weller, J., White, S. D. M., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present further results from the ongoing XMM-Newton validation follow-up of Planck cluster candidates, detailing X-ray observations of eleven candidates detected at a signal-to-noise ratio of 4.5
Published: 2011
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37. Effective carrying capacity and analytical solution of a particular case of the Richards-like two-species population dynamics model

Author

Cabella, Brenno Caetano Troca, Ribeiro, Fabiano, and Martinez, Alexandre Souto

Subjects

Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution, Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks, Physics - Biological Physics

Abstract

We consider a generalized two-species population dynamic model and analytically solve it for the amensalism and commensalism ecological interactions. These two-species models can be simplified to a one-species model with a time dependent extrinsic growth factor. With a one-species model with an effective carrying capacity one is able to retrieve the steady state solutions of the previous one-species model. The equivalence obtained between the effective carrying capacity and the extrinsic growth factor is complete only for a particular case, the Gompertz model. Here we unveil important aspects of sigmoid growth curves, which are relevant to growth processes and population dynamics., Comment: To appear in Physica A (6 pages, 5 figures)

Published

2011

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38. Planck Early Results XXVI: Detection with Planck and confirmation by XMM-Newton of PLCK G266.6-27.3, an exceptionally X-ray luminous and massive galaxy cluster at z~1

Author

Planck Collaboration, Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoît, A., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Böhringer, H., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J. R., Borgani, S., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Brown, M. L., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cantalupo, C. M., Cappellini, B., Carvalho, P., Catalano, A., Cayón, L., Chiang, L. -Y, Chiang, C., Chon, G., Christensen, P. R., Churazov, E., Clements, D. L., Colafrancesco, S., Colombi, S., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., Da Silva, A., Dahle, H., Danese, L., D'Arcangelo, O., Davis, R. J., de Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J. -M., Démoclès, J., Désert, F. -X., Dickinson, C., Diego, J. M., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Doré, O., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Finelli, F., Flores-Cacho, I., Forni, O., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fromenteau, S., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Génova-Santos, R. T., Giard, M., González-Nuevo, J., González-Riestra, R., Górski, K. M., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D., Heinämäki, P., Hernández-Monteagudo, C., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Hurier, G., Jaffe, A. H., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T. S., Kneissl, R., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lähteenmäki, A., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Lawrence, C. R., Jeune, M. Le, Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Leroy, C., Liddle, A., Lilje, P. B., López-Caniego, M., Luzzi, G., Macías-Pérez, J. F., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Marleau, F., Martínez-González, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Mazzotta, P., Meinhold, P. R., Melchiorri, A., Melin, J. -B., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Miville-Deschênes, M. -A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Naselsky, P., Natoli, P., Nevalainen, J., Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., O'Dwyer, I. J., Osborne, S., Paladini, R., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Pearson, T. J., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Pierpaoli, E., Piffaretti, R., Platania, P., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Popa, L., Poutanen, T., Pratt, G. W., Prézeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J. -L., Rachen, J. P., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Saar, E., Sandri, M., Savini, G., Schaefer, B. M., Scott, D., Smoot, G. F., Starck, J. -L., Sutton, D., Sygnet, J. -F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Türler, M., Valenziano, L., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., Weller, J., White, S. D. M., White, M., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A.

Subjects

Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics

Abstract

We present first results on PLCK G266.6-27.3, a galaxy cluster candidate detected at a signal-to-noise ratio of 5 in the Planck All Sky survey. An XMM-Newton validation observation has allowed us to confirm that the candidate is a bona fide galaxy cluster. With these X-ray data we measure an accurate redshift, z = 0.94 +/- 0.02, and estimate the cluster mass to be M_500 = (7.8 +/- 0.8)e+14 solar masses. PLCK G266.6-27.3 is an exceptional system: its luminosity of L_X(0.5-2.0 keV)=(1.4 +/- 0.05)e+45 erg/s, equals that of the two most luminous known clusters in the z > 0.5 universe, and it is one of the most massive clusters at z~1. Moreover, unlike the majority of high-redshift clusters, PLCK G266.6-27.3 appears to be highly relaxed. This observation confirms Planck's capability of detecting high-redshift, high-mass clusters, and opens the way to the systematic study of population evolution in the exponential tail of the mass function., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures; final version accepted for publication in A&A ; minor changes in Sec.2.,3.2 and 4.1; Table 1: misprint on R500 error corrected; abundance value added

Published

2011

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39. Planck early results. XV. Spectral energy distributions and radio continuum spectra of northern extragalactic radio sources

Author

Planck Collaboration, Aatrokoski, J., Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Aller, H. D., Aller, M. F., Angelakis, E., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoît, A., Berdyugin, A., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bonaldi, A., Bonavera, L., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Burrows, D. N., Cabella, P., Capalbi, M., Cappellini, B., Cardoso, J. -F., Catalano, A., Cavazzuti, E., Cayón, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chary, R. -R., Chiang, L. -Y, Christensen, P. R., Clements, D. L., Colafrancesco, S., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Cutini, S., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R. D., Davis, R. J., de Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J. -M., Dickinson, C., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Doré, O., Dörl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T. A., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fuhrmann, L., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giglietto, N., Giommi, P., Giordano, F., Giraud-Héraud, Y., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Harrison, D., Henrot-Versillé, S., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R. J., Huffenberger, K. M., Jaffe, A. H., Juvela, M., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., King, O., Kisner, T. S., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Krichbaum, T. P., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lähteenmäki, A., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R. J., Lavonen, N., Lawrence, C. R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., León-Tavares, J., Linden-Vørnle, M., Lindfors, E., López-Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., Macías-Pérez, J. F., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Martínez-González, E., Masi, S., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Max-Moerbeck, W., Mazziotta, M. N., Mazzotta, P., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Michelson, P. F., Mingaliev, M., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschênes, M. -A., Moneti, A., Monte, C., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, A., Naselsky, P., Natoli, P., Nestoras, I., Netterfield, C. B., Nieppola, E., Nilsson, K., Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., O'Dwyer, I. J., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Partridge, B., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Pavlidou, V., Pearson, T. J., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perri, M., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Plaszczynski, S., Platania, P., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Prézeau, G., Procopio, P., Prunet, S., Puget, J. -L., Rachen, J. P., Rainò, S., Reach, W. T., Readhead, A., Rebolo, R., Reeves, R., Reinecke, M., Reinthal, R., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Richards, J., Riller, T., Riquelme, D., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rowan-Robinson, M., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Rusholme, B., Saarinen, J., Sandri, M., Savolainen, P., Scott, D., Seiffert, M. D., Sievers, A., Sillanpää, A., Smoot, G. F., Sotnikova, Y., Starck, J. -L., Stevenson, M., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Sudiwala, R., Sygnet, J. -F., Takalo, L., Tammi, J., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Thompson, D. J., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tornikoski, M., Torre, J. -P., Tosti, G., Tramacere, A., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Türler, M., Turunen, M., Umana, G., Ungerechts, H., Valenziano, L., Valtaoja, E., Varis, J., Verrecchia, F., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wandelt, B. D., Wu, J., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zensus, J. A., Zhou, X., and Zonca, A.

Subjects

Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics

Abstract

Spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and radio continuum spectra are presented for a northern sample of 104 extragalactic radio sources, based on the Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue (ERCSC) and simultaneous multifrequency data. The nine Planck frequencies, from 30 to 857 GHz, are complemented by a set of simultaneous observations ranging from radio to gamma-rays. This is the first extensive frequency coverage in the radio and millimetre domains for an essentially complete sample of extragalactic radio sources, and it shows how the individual shocks, each in their own phase of development, shape the radio spectra as they move in the relativistic jet. The SEDs presented in this paper were fitted with second and third degree polynomials to estimate the frequencies of the synchrotron and inverse Compton (IC) peaks, and the spectral indices of low and high frequency radio data, including the Planck ERCSC data, were calculated. SED modelling methods are discussed, with an emphasis on proper, physical modelling of the synchrotron bump using multiplecomponents. Planck ERCSC data also suggest that the original accelerated electron energy spectrum could be much harder than commonly thought, with power-law index around 1.5 instead of the canonical 2.5. The implications of this are discussed for the acceleration mechanisms effective in blazar shock. Furthermore in many cases the Planck data indicate that gamma-ray emission must originate in the same shocks that produce the radio emission., Comment: High-resolution figures will be posted at http://www.rssd.esa.int (TBC). Accepted version updated, Published version updated

Published

2011

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40. Planck Early Results: Statistical properties of extragalactic radio sources in the Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue

Author

Planck Collaboration, Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Argüeso, F., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bonaldi, A., Bonavera, L., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cappellini, B., Cardoso, J. -F., Catalano, A., Cayón, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chary, R. -R., Chen, X., Chiang, L. -Y, Christensen, P. R., Clements, D. L., Colafrancesco, S., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R. D., Davis, R. J., de Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J. -M., Désert, F. -X., Dickinson, C., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Doré, O., Dörl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Héraud, Y., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D., Henrot-Versillé, S., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R. J., Huffenberger, K. M., Jaffe, A. H., Juvela, M., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T. S., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lähteenmäki, A., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R. J., Lawrence, C. R., Leach, S., Leahy, J. P., Leonardi, R., Lilje, P. B., Linden-Vørnle, M., López-Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., Macías-Pérez, J. F., Maffei, B., Magliocchetti, M., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Martínez-González, E., Masi, S., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., Meinhold, P. R., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Miville-Deschênes, M. -A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, A., Naselsky, P., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C. B., Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., O'Dwyer, I. J., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Paladini, R., Partridge, B., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Pearson, T. J., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Plaszczynski, S., Platania, P., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Prézeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J. -L., Rachen, J. P., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rowan-Robinson, M., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sajina, A., Sandri, M., Scott, D., Seiffert, M. D., Serjeant, S., Shellard, P., Smoot, G. F., Starck, J. -L., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Stompor, R., Sudiwala, R., Sygnet, J. -F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J. -P., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Türler, M., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Varis, J., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., Wilkinson, A., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A.

Subjects

Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics

Abstract

The data reported in Planck's Early Release Compact Source Catalogue (ERCSC) are exploited to measure the number counts (dN/dS) of extragalactic radio sources at 30, 44, 70, 100, 143 and 217 GHz. Due to the full-sky nature of the catalogue, this measurement extends to the rarest and brightest sources in the sky. At lower frequencies (30, 44, and 70 GHz) our counts are in very good agreement with estimates based on WMAP data, being somewhat deeper at 30 and 70 GHz, and somewhat shallower at 44 GHz. Planck's source counts at 143 and 217 GHz join smoothly with the fainter ones provided by the SPT and ACT surveys over small fractions of the sky. An analysis of source spectra, exploiting Planck's uniquely broad spectral coverage, finds clear evidence of a steepening of the mean spectral index above about 70 GHz. This implies that, at these frequencies, the contamination of the CMB power spectrum by radio sources below the detection limit is significantly lower than previously estimated., Comment: Planck Collaboration 2011i, A&A accepted, 11 pages, 7 figures

Published

2011

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41. Planck Early Results: Thermal dust in Nearby Molecular Clouds

Author

Planck Collaboration, Abergel, A., Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoît, A., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bock, J. J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Boulanger, F., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cardoso, J. -F., Catalano, A., Cayón, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chiang, L. -Y, Chiang, C., Christensen, P. R., Clements, D. L., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R. D., Davis, R. J., de Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J. -M., Désert, F. -X., Dickinson, C., Dobashi, K., Donzelli, S., Doré, O., Dörl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Héraud, Y., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Guillet, V., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D., Henrot-Versillé, S., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R. J., Huffenberger, K. M., Jaffe, A. H., Jones, A., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T. S., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R. J., Lawrence, C. R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Leroy, C., Linden-Vørnle, M., López-Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., Macías-Pérez, J. F., MacTavish, C. J., Maffei, B., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Marshall, D. J., Martin, P., Martínez-González, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., McGehee, P., Meinhold, P. R., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschênes, M. -A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, A., Naselsky, P., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C. B., Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Paladini, R., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Prézeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J. -L., Reach, W. T., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Savini, G., Scott, D., Seiffert, M. D., Shellard, P., Smoot, G. F., Starck, J. -L., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Sudiwala, R., Sygnet, J. -F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J. -P., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Verstraete, L., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A.

Subjects

Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies

Abstract

Planck allows unbiased mapping of Galactic sub-millimetre and millimetre emission from the most diffuse regions to the densest parts of molecular clouds. We present an early analysis of the Taurus molecular complex, on line-of-sight-averaged data and without component separation. The emission spectrum measured by Planck and IRAS can be fitted pixel by pixel using a single modified blackbody. Some systematic residuals are detected at 353 GHz and 143 GHz, with amplitudes around -7 % and +13 %, respectively, indicating that the measured spectra are likely more complex than a simple modified blackbody. Significant positive residuals are also detected in the molecular regions and in the 217 GHz and 100 GHz bands, mainly caused by to the contribution of the J=2-1 and J=1-0 12CO and 13CO emission lines. We derive maps of the dust temperature T, the dust spectral emissivity index beta, and the dust optical depth at 250 microns tau. The temperature map illustrates the cooling of the dust particles in thermal equilibrium with the incident radiation field, from 16-17 K in the diffuse regions to 13-14 K in the dense parts. The distribution of spectral indices is centred at 1.78, with a standard deviation of 0.08 and a systematic error of 0.07. We detect a significant T-beta anti-correlation. The dust optical depth map reveals the spatial distribution of the column density of the molecular complex from the densest molecular regions to the faint diffuse regions. We use near-infrared extinction and HI data at 21-cm to perform a quantitative analysis of the spatial variations of the measured dust optical depth at 250 microns per hydrogen atom tau/NH. We report an increase of tau/NH by a factor of about 2 between the atomic phase and the molecular phase, which has a strong impact on the equilibrium temperature of the dust particles., Comment: Planck early paper accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics, 18 pages

Published

2011

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42. Planck Early Results: The submillimetre properties of a sample of Galactic cold clumps

Author

Planck Collaboration, Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoît, A., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bock, J. J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Boulanger, F., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cantalupo, C. M., Cardoso, J. -F., Catalano, A., Cayón, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chiang, L. -Y, Christensen, P. R., Clements, D. L., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R. D., de Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J. -M., Désert, F. -X., Dickinson, C., Doerl, U., Doi, Y., Donzelli, S., Doré, O., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T. A., Falgarone, E., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Héraud, Y., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D., Helou, G., Henrot-Versillé, S., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R. J., Huffenberger, K. M., Ikeda, N., Jaffe, A. H., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T. S., Kitamura, Y., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R. J., Lawrence, C. R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Leroy, C., Linden-Vørnle, M., López-Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., Macías-Pérez, J. F., MacTavish, C. J., Maffei, B., Malinen, J., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Marshall, D. J., Martin, P., Martínez-González, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., McGehee, P., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Meny, C., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschênes, M. -A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, A., Naselsky, P., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C. B., Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Pagani, L., Pajot, F., Paladini, R., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Pelkonen, V. -M., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Prézeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J. -L., Reach, W. T., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rowan-Robinson, M., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Savini, G., Scott, D., Seiffert, M. D., Smoot, G. F., Starck, J. -L., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Sudiwala, R., Sygnet, J. -F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J. -P., Toth, V., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., Ysard, N., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A.

Subjects

Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies

Abstract

(abridged) We perform a detailed investigation of sources from the Cold Cores Catalogue of Planck Objects (C3PO). Our goal is to probe the reliability of the detections, validate the separation between warm and cold dust emission components, provide the first glimpse at the nature, internal morphology and physical characterictics of the Planck-detected sources. We focus on a sub-sample of ten sources from the C3PO list, selected to sample different environments, from high latitude cirrus to nearby (150pc) and remote (2kpc) molecular complexes. We present Planck surface brightness maps and derive the dust temperature, emissivity spectral index, and column densities of the fields. With the help of higher resolution Herschel and AKARI continuum observations and molecular line data, we investigate the morphology of the sources and the properties of the substructures at scales below the Planck beam size., Comment: This paper is part of a package of papers describing first results of the Planck mission, to be published together in a special issue of A&A. Corresponding author: Isabelle.Ristorcelli@cesr.fr. Full resolution version available from http://www.sciops.esa.int/index.php?project=PLANCK&page=Planck_Published_Papers

Published

2011

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43. Planck early results. XX. New light on anomalous microwave emission from spinning dust grains

Author

Planck Collaboration, Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoît, A., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bock, J. J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Boulanger, F., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cappellini, B., Cardoso, J. -F., Casassus, S., Catalano, A., Cayón, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chary, R. -R., Chen, X., Chiang, L. -Y, Chiang, C., Christensen, P. R., Clements, D. L., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R. D., Davis, R. J., de Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J. -M., Dickinson, C., Donzelli, S., Doré, O., Dörl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Génova-Santos, R. T., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Héraud, Y., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D., Helou, G., Henrot-Versillé, S., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R. J., Huffenberger, K. M., Jaffe, T. R., Jaffe, A. H., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T. S., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lähteenmäki, A., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R. J., Lawrence, C. R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Lilje, P. B., Linden-Vørnle, M., López-Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., Macías-Pérez, J. F., MacTavish, C. J., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Marshall, D. J., Martínez-González, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., McGehee, P., Meinhold, P. R., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschênes, M. -A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, A., Naselsky, P., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C. B., Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., O'Dwyer, I. J., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Paladini, R., Partridge, B., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Pearson, T. J., Peel, M., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Plaszczynski, S., Platania, P., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Prézeau, G., Procopio, P., Prunet, S., Puget, J. -L., Reach, W. T., Rebolo, R., Reich, W., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rowan-Robinson, M., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Savini, G., Scott, D., Seiffert, M. D., Shellard, P., Smoot, G. F., Starck, J. -L., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Stompor, R., Sudiwala, R., Sygnet, J. -F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J. -P., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Varis, J., Verstraete, L., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., Watson, R., Wilkinson, A., Ysard, N., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A.

Subjects

Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics

Abstract

Anomalous microwave emission (AME) has been observed by numerous experiments in the frequency range ~10-60 GHz. Using Planck maps and multi-frequency ancillary data, we have constructed spectra for two known AME regions: the Perseus and Rho Ophiuchi molecular clouds. The spectra are well fitted by a combination of free-free radiation, cosmic microwave background, thermal dust, and electric dipole radiation from small spinning dust grains. The spinning dust spectra are the most precisely measured to date, and show the high frequency side clearly for the first time. The spectra have a peak in the range 20-40 GHz and are detected at high significances of 17.1 sigma for Perseus and 8.4 sigma for Rho Ophiuchi. In Perseus, spinning dust in the dense molecular gas can account for most of the AME; the low density atomic gas appears to play a minor role. In Rho Ophiuchi, the ~30 GHz peak is dominated by dense molecular gas, but there is an indication of an extended tail at frequencies 50-100 GHz, which can be accounted for by irradiated low density atomic gas. The dust parameters are consistent with those derived from other measurements. We have also searched the Planck map at 28.5 GHz for candidate AME regions, by subtracting a simple model of the synchrotron, free-free, and thermal dust. We present spectra for two of the candidates; S140 and S235 are bright HII regions that show evidence for AME, and are well fitted by spinning dust models., Comment: 17 pages, 14 figures, published in A&A as a special issue for Planck early papers. Final version and high-resolution figures, as well as a list of the members of the Planck collaboration can be obtained from http://www.rssd.esa.int or from the A&A webpage: http://www.aanda.org/index.php?option=com_toc&url=%2Farticles%2Faa%2Fabs%2F2011%2F12%2Fcontents%2Fcontents.html&lang=en_GB.utf8%2C+en_GB.UT

Published

2011

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44. Planck Early Results. X. Statistical analysis of Sunyaev-Zeldovich scaling relations for X-ray galaxy clusters

Author

Planck Collaboration, Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartelmann, M., Bartlett, J. G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoît, A., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bock, J. J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Brown, M. L., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cardoso, J. -F., Catalano, A., Cayón, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chary, R. -R., Chiang, L. -Y, Chiang, C., Chon, G., Christensen, P. R., Churazov, E., Clements, D. L., Colafrancesco, S., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., Da Silva, A., Dahle, H., Danese, L., de Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J. -M., Désert, F. -X., Diego, J. M., Dolag, K., Donzelli, S., Doré, O., Dörl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T. A., Finelli, F., Flores, I., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fromenteau, S., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Génova-Santos, R. T., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Héraud, Y., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Harrison, D., Henrot-Versillé, S., Hernández-Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R. J., Huffenberger, K. M., Jaffe, A. H., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T. S., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R. J., Lawrence, C. R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Linden-Vørnle, M., López-Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., Macías-Pérez, J. F., MacTavish, C. J., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Marleau, F., Martínez-González, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., Melchiorri, A., Melin, J. -B., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschênes, M. -A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, A., Naselsky, P., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C. B., Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Piffaretti, R., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Pratt, G. W., Prézeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J. -L., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Schaefer, B. M., Scott, D., Seiffert, M. D., Smoot, G. F., Starck, J. -L., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Sunyaev, R., Sygnet, J. -F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Valenziano, L., Vibert, L., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wandelt, B. D., White, S. D. M., White, M., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A.

Subjects

Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics

Abstract

All-sky data from the Planck survey and the Meta-Catalogue of X-ray detected Clusters of galaxies (MCXC) are combined to investigate the relationship between the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) signal and X-ray luminosity. The sample comprises ~ 1600 X-ray clusters with redshifts up to ~ 1 and spans a wide range in X-ray luminosity. The SZ signal is extracted for each object individually, and the statistical significance of the measurement is maximised by averaging the SZ signal in bins of X-ray luminosity, total mass, or redshift. The SZ signal is detected at very high significance over more than two decades in X-ray luminosity (10^43 erg/s < L_500 E(z)^-7/3 < 2 X 10^45 erg/s). The relation between intrinsic SZ signal and X-ray luminosity is investigated and the measured SZ signal is compared to values predicted from X-ray data. Planck measurements and X-ray based predictions are found to be in excellent agreement over the whole explored luminosity range. No significant deviation from standard evolution of the scaling relations is detected. For the first time the intrinsic scatter in the scaling relation between SZ signal and X-ray luminosity is measured and found to be consistent with the one in the luminosity -- mass relation from X-ray studies. There is no evidence of any deficit in SZ signal strength in Planck data relative to expectations from the X-ray properties of clusters, underlining the robustness and consistency of our overall view of intra-cluster medium properties., Comment: Final version accepted for publication in A&A. Also available from this http://www.rssd.esa.int/

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2011

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45. Planck early results. III. First assessment of the Low Frequency Instrument in-flight performance

Author

Mennella, A., Bersanelli, M., Butler, R. C., Curto, A., Cuttaia, F., Davis, R. J., Dick, J., Frailis, M., Galeotta, S., Gregorio, A., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lawrence, C. R., Leach, S., Leahy, J. P., Lowe, S., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Maris, M., Martínez-González, E., Meinhold, P. R., Morgante, G., Pearson, D., Perrotta, F., Polenta, G., Poutanen, T., Sandri, M., Seiffert, M. D., Suur-Uski, A. -S., Tavagnacco, D., Terenzi, L., Tomasi, M., Valiviita, J., Villa, F., Watson, R., Wilkinson, A., Zacchei, A., Zonca, A., Aja, B., Artal, E., Baccigalupi, C., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Bartolo, N., Battaglia, P., Bennett, K., Bonaldi, A., Bonavera, L., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cappellini, B., Chen, X., Colombo, L., Cruz, M., Danese, L., D'Arcangelo, O., Davies, R. D., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Dickinson, C., Diego, J. M., Donzelli, S., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Falvella, M. C., Finelli, F., Foley, S., Franceschet, C., Franceschi, E., Gaier, T. C., Génova-Santos, R. T., George, D., Gómez, F., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F. K., Herranz, D., Herreros, J. M., Hoyland, R. J., Hughes, N., Jewell, J., Jukkala, P., Juvela, M., Kangaslahti, P., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kilpia, V. -H., Kisner, T. S., Knoche, J., Knox, L., Laaninen, M., Lähteenmäki, A., Lamarre, J. -M., Leonardi, R., León-Tavares, J., Leutenegger, P., Lilje, P. B., López-Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., Malaspina, M., Marinucci, D., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Miccolis, M., Migliaccio, M., Mitra, S., Moss, A., Natoli, P., Nesti, R., Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U., Pagano, L., Paladini, R., Paoletti, D., Partridge, B., Pasian, F., Pettorino, V., Pietrobon, D., Pospieszalski, M., Prézeau, G., Prina, M., Procopio, P., Puget, J. -L., Quercellini, C., Rachen, J. P., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Ricciardi, S., Robbers, G., Rocha, G., Roddis, N., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Savelainen, M., Scott, D., Silvestri, R., Simonetto, A., Sjoman, P., Smoot, G. F., Sozzi, C., Stringhetti, L., Tauber, J. A., Tofani, G., Toffolatti, L., Tuovinen, J., Türler, M., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Varis, J., Vielva, P., Vittorio, N., Wade, L. A., Watson, C., White, S. D. M., and Winder, F.

Subjects

Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics

Abstract

The scientific performance of the Planck Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) after one year of in-orbit operation is presented. We describe the main optical parameters and discuss photometric calibration, white noise sensitivity, and noise properties. A preliminary evaluation of the impact of the main systematic effects is presented. For each of the performance parameters, we outline the methods used to obtain them from the flight data and provide a comparison with pre-launch ground assessments, which are essentially confirmed in flight., Comment: Published version

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2011

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46. Planck Early Results: The Planck View of Nearby Galaxies

Author

Planck Collaboration, Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoît, A., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bock, J. J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cardoso, J. -F., Catalano, A., Cayón, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chary, R. -R., Chiang, L. -Y, Christensen, P. R., Clements, D. L., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R. D., Davis, R. J., de Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J. -M., Désert, F. -X., Dickinson, C., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Doré, O., Dörl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T. A., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Héraud, Y., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D., Helou, G., Henrot-Versillé, S., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R. J., Huffenberger, K. M., Jaffe, A. H., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T. S., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lähteenmäki, A., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R. J., Lawrence, C. R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Linden-Vørnle, M., López-Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., Macías-Pérez, J. F., MacTavish, C. J., Madden, S., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Martínez-González, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Miville-Deschênes, M. -A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, A., Naselsky, P., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C. B., Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Partridge, B., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Peel, M., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Prézeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J. -L., Reach, W. T., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rowan-Robinson, M., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Savini, G., Scott, D., Seiffert, M. D., Shellard, P., Smoot, G. F., Starck, J. -L., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Sudiwala, R., Sygnet, J. -F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J. -P., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Türler, M., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Varis, J., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A.

Subjects

Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies

Abstract

The all-sky coverage of the Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue (ERCSC) provides an unsurpassed survey of galaxies at submillimetre (submm) wavelengths, representing a major improvement in the numbers of galaxies detected, as well as the range of far-IR/submm wavelengths over which they have been observed. We here present the first results on the properties of nearby galaxies using these data. We match the ERCSC catalogue to IRAS-detected galaxies in the Imperial IRAS Faint Source Redshift Catalogue (IIFSCz), so that we can measure the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of these objects from 60 to 850 microns. This produces a list of 1717 galaxies with reliable associations between Planck and IRAS, from which we select a subset of 468 for SED studies, namely those with strong detections in the three highest frequency Planck bands and no evidence of cirrus contamination. The SEDs are fitted using parametric dust models to determine the range of dust temperatures and emissivities. We find evidence for colder dust than has previously been found in external galaxies, with T<20K. Such cold temperatures are found using both the standard single temperature dust model with variable emissivity beta, or a two dust temperature model with beta fixed at 2. We also compare our results to studies of distant submm galaxies (SMGs) which have been claimed to contain cooler dust than their local counterparts. We find that including our sample of 468 galaxies significantly reduces the distinction between the two populations. Fits to SEDs of selected objects using more sophisticated templates derived from radiative transfer models confirm the presence of the colder dust found through parameteric fitting. We thus conclude that cold (T<20K) dust is a significant and largely unexplored component of many nearby galaxies., Comment: 16 pages, 14 figures

Published

2011

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47. Planck Early Results: Origin of the submm excess dust emission in the Magellanic Clouds

Author

Planck Collaboration, Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoît, A., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bock, J. J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bot, C., Bouchet, F. R., Boulanger, F., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cardoso, J. -F., Catalano, A., Cayón, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chiang, L. -Y, Chiang, C., Christensen, P. R., Clements, D. L., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R. D., Davis, R. J., de Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J. -M., Désert, F. -X., Dickinson, C., Dobashi, K., Doerl, U., Donzelli, S., Doré, O., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T. A., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fukui, Y., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Héraud, Y., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Harrison, D., Helou, G., Henrot-Versillé, S., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R. J., Huffenberger, K. M., Jaffe, A. H., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Kawamura, A., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T. S., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lähteenmäki, A., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R. J., Lawrence, C. R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Leroy, C., Linden-Vørnle, M., López-Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., Macías-Pérez, J. F., MacTavish, C. J., Madden, S., Maffei, B., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Martínez-González, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., Meinhold, P. R., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Miville-Deschênes, M. -A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, A., Naselsky, P., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C. B., Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Onishi, T., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Paladini, R., Paradis, D., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Prézeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J. -L., Reach, W. T., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rowan-Robinson, M., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Savini, G., Scott, D., Seiffert, M. D., Smoot, G. F., Starck, J. -L., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Sudiwala, R., Sygnet, J. -F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J. -P., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Varis, J., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., Ysard, N., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A.

Subjects

Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics

Abstract

The integrated Spectral Energy Distributions of the Large and Small Magellanic Cloud appear significantly flatter than expected from dust models based on their FIR and radio emission. The origin of this millimetre excess is still unexplained, and is here investigated using the Planck data. The background CMB contribution is subtracted using an ILC method performed locally around the galaxies. The foreground emission from the Milky Way is subtracted. After subtraction, the emission of both galaxies correlates closely with the gas emission of the LMC and SMC. The millimetre excess in the LMC can be explained by CMB fluctuations, but a significant excess is still present in the SMC SED. The Planck and IRIS data at 100 micron are combined to produce thermal dust temperature and optical depth maps of the two galaxies. The LMC temperature map shows the presence of a warm inner arm already found with the Spitzer data, but also shows the existence of a previously unidentified cold outer arm. Several cold regions are found along this arm, some of which are associated with known molecular clouds. The average emissivity spectral index is found to be consistent with beta=1.5 and beta=1.2 below 500 microns for the LMC and SMC respectively, significantly flatter than the values observed in the Milky Way. Furthermore, there is evidence in the SMC for a further flattening of the SED in the sub-mm. The spatial distribution of the millimetre dust excess in the SMC follows the gas and thermal dust distribution. Different models are explored in order to fit the dust emission in the SMC. It is concluded that the millimetre excess is unlikely to be caused by very cold dust emission and that it could be due to a combination of spinning dust. emission and thermal dust emission by more amorphous dust grains than those present in our Galaxy., Comment: 17 pages, 14 Figures

Published

2011

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48. Planck Early Results. VII. The Early Release Compact Source Catalog

Author

Planck Collaboration, Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoît, A., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bonaldi, A., Bonavera, L., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Butler, R. C., Cabella, P., Cantalupo, C. M., Cappellini, B., Cardoso, J. -F., Carvalho, P., Catalano, A., Cayón, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chary, R. -R., Chen, X., Chiang, L. -Y, Chiang, C., Christensen, P. R., Clements, D. L., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davis, R. J., de Bernardis, P., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J. -M., Désert, F. -X., Dickinson, C., Diego, J. M., Dolag, K., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Doré, O., Dörl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Giard, M., Giraud-Héraud, Y., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Haissinski, J., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D., Helou, G., Henrot-Versillé, S., Hernández-Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hornstrup, A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R. J., Huffenberger, K. M., Huynh, M., Jaffe, A. H., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T. S., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lähteenmäki, A., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R. J., Lawrence, C. R., Leach, S., Leahy, J. P., Leonardi, R., León-Tavares, J., Leroy, C., Lilje, P. B., Linden-Vørnle, M., López-Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., Macías-Pérez, J. F., MacTavish, C. J., Maffei, B., Maggio, G., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Marleau, F., Marshall, D. J., Martínez-González, E., Masi, S., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., McGehee, P., Meinhold, P. R., Melchiorri, A., Melin, J. -B., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschênes, M. -A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, A., Naselsky, P., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C. B., Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., O'Dwyer, I. J., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Paladini, R., Partridge, B., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Pearson, T. J., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Piffaretti, R., Plaszczynski, S., Platania, P., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Pratt, G. W., Prézeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J. -L., Rachen, J. P., Reach, W. T., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rowan-Robinson, M., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sajina, A., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Savini, G., Schaefer, B. M., Scott, D., Seiffert, M. D., Shellard, P., Smoot, G. F., Starck, J. -L., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Sudiwala, R., Sunyaev, R., Sygnet, J. -F., Tauber, J. A., Tavagnacco, D., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J. -P., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Türler, M., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Valiviita, J., Varis, J., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., White, S. D. M., Wilkinson, A., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A.

Subjects

Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics

Abstract

(Abridged) A brief description of the methodology of construction, contents and usage of the Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue (ERCSC), including the Early Cold Cores (ECC) and the Early Sunyaev-Zeldovich (ESZ) cluster catalogue is provided. The catalogue is based on data that consist of mapping the entire sky once and 60% of the sky a second time by Planck, thereby comprising the first high sensitivity radio/submillimetre observations of the entire sky. A Monte-Carlo algorithm based on the injection and extraction of artificial sources into the Planck maps was implemented to select reliable sources among all extracted candidates such that the cumulative reliability of the catalogue is >=90%. The 10sigma photometric flux density limit of the catalogue at |b|>30 deg is 0.49, 1.0, 0.67, 0.5, 0.33, 0.28, 0.25, 0.47 and 0.82 Jy at each of the nine frequencies between 30 and 857 GHz. Sources which are up to a factor of ~2 fainter than this limit, and which are present in "clean" regions of the Galaxy where the sky background due to emission from the interstellar medium is low, are included in the ERCSC if they meet the high reliability criterion. The Planck ERCSC sources have known associations to stars with dust shells, stellar cores, radio galaxies, blazars, infrared luminous galaxies and Galactic interstellar medium features. A significant fraction of unclassified sources are also present in the catalogs. In addition, two early release catalogs that contain 915 cold molecular cloud core candidates and 189 SZ cluster candidates that have been generated using multi-frequency algorithms are presented. The entire source list, with more than 15000 unique sources, is ripe for follow-up characterisation with Herschel, ATCA, VLA, SOFIA, ALMA and other ground-based observing facilities., Comment: Updated to match A&A press version

Published

2011

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49. Planck Early Results. V. The Low Frequency Instrument data processing

Author

Zacchei, A., Maino, D., Baccigalupi, C., Bersanelli, M., Bonaldi, A., Bonavera, L., Burigana, C., Butler, R. C., Cuttaia, F., de Zotti, G., Dick, J., Frailis, M., Galeotta, S., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gregorio, A., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Knoche, J., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lawrence, C. R., Leach, S., Leahy, J. P., López-Caniego, M., Mandolesi, N., Maris, M., Matthai, F., Meinhold, P. R., Mennella, A., Morgante, G., Morisset, N., Natoli, P., Pasian, F., Perrotta, F., Polenta, G., Poutanen, T., Reinecke, M., Ricciardi, S., Rohlfs, R., Sandri, M., Suur-Uski, A. -S., Tauber, J. A., Tavagnacco, D., Terenzi, L., Tomasi, M., Valiviita, J., Villa, F., Zonca, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Bartolo, N., Bedini, L., Bennett, K., Binko, P., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Bremer, M., Cabella, P., Cappellini, B., Chen, X., Colombo, L., Cruz, M., Curto, A., Danese, L., Davies, R. D., Davis, R. J., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Troia, G., Dickinson, C., Diego, J. M., Donzelli, S., Dörl, U., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Falvella, M. C., Finelli, F., Franceschi, E., Gaier, T. C., Gasparo, F., Génova-Santos, R. T., Giardino, G., Gómez, F., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F. K., Hell, R., Herranz, D., Hovest, W., Huynh, M., Jewell, J., Juvela, M., Kisner, T. S., Knox, L., Lähteenmäki, A., Lamarre, J. -M., Leonardi, R., León-Tavares, J., Lilje, P. B., Lubin, P. M., Maggio, G., Marinucci, D., Martínez-González, E., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Meharga, M. T., Melchiorri, A., Migliaccio, M., Mitra, S., Moss, A., Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U., Pagano, L., Paladini, R., Paoletti, D., Partridge, B., Pearson, D., Pettorino, V., Pietrobon, D., Prézeau, G., Procopio, P., Puget, J. -L., Quercellini, C., Rachen, J. P., Rebolo, R., Robbers, G., Rocha, G., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Salerno, E., Savelainen, M., Scott, D., Seiffert, M. D., Silk, J. I., Smoot, G. F., Sternberg, J., Stivoli, F., Stompor, R., Tofani, G., Toffolatti, L., Tuovinen, J., Türler, M., Umana, G., Vielva, P., Vittorio, N., Vuerli, C., Wade, L. A., Watson, R., White, S. D. M., and Wilkinson, A.

Subjects

Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics

Abstract

We describe the processing of data from the Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) used in production of the Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue (ERCSC). In particular, we discuss the steps involved in reducing the data from telemetry packets to cleaned, calibrated, time-ordered data (TOD) and frequency maps. Data are continuously calibrated using the modulation of the temperature of the cosmic microwave background radiation induced by the motion of the spacecraft. Noise properties are estimated from TOD from which the sky signal has been removed using a generalized least square map-making algorithm. Measured 1/f noise knee-frequencies range from 100mHz at 30GHz to a few tens of mHz at 70GHz. A destriping code (Madam) is employed to combine radiometric data and pointing information into sky maps, minimizing the variance of correlated noise. Noise covariance matrices required to compute statistical uncertainties on LFI and Planck products are also produced. Main beams are estimated down to the approx -10dB level using Jupiter transits, which are also used for geometrical calibration of the focal plane., Comment: A&A Volume 536, December 2011 Planck early results

Published

2011

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50. Planck Early Results XXIV: Dust in the diffuse interstellar medium and the Galactic halo

Author

Planck Collaboration, Abergel, A., Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit, A., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Blagrave, K., Bock, J. J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Boulanger, F., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Cabella, P., Cantalupo, C. M., Cardoso, J. -F., Catalano, A., Cayon, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chiang, L. -Y, Chiang, C., Christensen, P. R., Clements, D. L., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R. D., Davis, R. J., de Bernardis, P., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J. -M., Desert, F. -X., Dickinson, C., Donzelli, S., Dore, O., Dorl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Ensslin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud-Heraud, Y., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gorski, K. M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D., Helou, G., Henrot-Versille, S., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R. J., Huffenberger, K. M., Jaffe, A. H., Joncas, G., Jones, A., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Keihanen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T. S., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R. J., Lawrence, C. R., Leach, S., Leonardi, R., Leroy, C., Linden-Vornle, M., Lockman, F. J., Lopez-Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., Macias-Perez, J. F., MacTavish, C. J., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Marshall, D. J., Martin, P., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., McGehee, P., Meinhold, P. R., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Miville-Deschenes, M. -A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, A., Naselsky, P., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C. B., Norgaard-Nielsen, H. U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., O'Dwyer, I. J., Osborne, S., Pajot, F., Paladini, R., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Goncalves, D. Pinheiro, Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Poutanen, T., Prezeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J. -L., Rachen, J. P., Reach, W. T., Reinecke, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rowan-Robinson, M., Rubino-Martin, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Savini, G., Scott, D., Seiffert, M. D., Shellard, P., Smoot, G. F., Starck, J. -L., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Stompor, R., Sudiwala, R., Sygnet, J. -F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J. -P., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., Wilkinson, A., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A.

Subjects

Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies

Abstract

This paper presents the first results of comparison of Planck along with IRAS data with Green Bank Telescope 21-cm observations in 14 fields covering more than 800 square degrees at high Galactic latitude. Galactic dust emission for fields with average HI column density lower than 2 x 10^20 cm^-2 is well correlated with 21-cm emission. The residual emission in these fields, once the HI-correlated emission is removed, is consistent with the expected statistical properties of the cosmic infrared background fluctuations. Fields with larger column densities show significant excess dust emission compared to the HI column density. Regions of excess lie in organized structures that suggest the presence of hydrogen in molecular form, though they are not always correlated with CO emission. Dust emission from intermediate-velocity clouds is detected with high significance. Its spectral properties are consistent with, compared to the local ISM values, significantly hotter dust (T~20 K), lower sub-millimeter dust opacity, and a relative abundance of very small grains to large grains about four times higher. These results are compatible with expectations for clouds that are part of the Galactic fountain in which there is dust shattering and fragmentation. Correlated dust emission in HVCs is not detected; the average of the 99.9% confidence upper limits to the emissivity is 0.15 times the local ISM value at 857 and 3000 GHz, in accordance with gas phase evidence for lower metallicity and depletion in these clouds. Unexpected anti-correlated variations of the dust temperature and emission cross-section per H atom are identified in the local ISM and IVCs, a trend that continues into molecular environments. This suggests that dust growth through aggregation, seen in molecular clouds, is active much earlier in the cloud condensation and star formation processes., Comment: 30 pages, 22 figures, accepted for publication in A&A as a special issue for Planck early papers

Published

2011

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