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5. Palaeoecological data indicates land-use changes across Europe linked to spatial heterogeneity in mortality during the Black Death pandemic

Author

Izdebski, A., Guzowski, P., Poniat, R., Masci, L., Palli, J., Vignola, C., Bauch, M., Cocozza, C., Fernandes, R., Ljungqvist, F. C., Newfield, T., Seim, A., Abel-Schaad, D., Alba-Sánchez, F., Björkman, L., Brauer, A., Brown, A., Czerwiński, S., Ejarque, A., Fiłoc, M., Florenzano, A., Fredh, E. D., Fyfe, R., Jasiunas, N., Kołaczek, P., Kouli, K., Kozáková, R., Kupryjanowicz, M., Lagerås, P., Lamentowicz, M., Lindbladh, M., López-Sáez, J. A., Luelmo-Lautenschlaeger, R., Marcisz, K., Mazier, F., Mensing, S., Mercuri, A. M., Milecka, K., Miras, Y., Noryśkiewicz, A. M., Novenko, E., Obremska, M., Panajiotidis, S., Papadopoulou, M. L., Pędziszewska, A., Pérez-Díaz, S., Piovesan, G., Pluskowski, A., Pokorny, P., Poska, A., Reitalu, T., Rösch, M., Sadori, L., Sá Ferreira, C., Sebag, D., Słowiński, M., Stančikaitė, M., Stivrins, N., Tunno, I., Veski, S., Wacnik, A., and Masi, A.

Published
2022
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6. Patterns in recent and Holocene pollen accumulation rates across Europe – the Pollen Monitoring Programme Database as a tool for vegetation reconstruction

Author

V. Abraham, S. Hicks, H. Svobodová-Svitavská, E. Bozilova, S. Panajiotidis, M. Filipova-Marinova, C. E. Jensen, S. Tonkov, I. A. Pidek, J. Święta-Musznicka, M. Zimny, E. Kvavadze, A. Filbrandt-Czaja, M. Hättestrand, N. Karlıoğlu Kılıç, J. Kosenko, M. Nosova, E. Severova, O. Volkova, M. Hallsdóttir, L. Kalniņa, A. M. Noryśkiewicz, B. Noryśkiewicz, H. Pardoe, A. Christodoulou, T. Koff, S. L. Fontana, T. Alenius, E. Isaksson, H. Seppä, S. Veski, A. Pędziszewska, M. Weiser, and T. Giesecke

Subjects
Ecology, QH540-549.5, Life, QH501-531, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

The collection of modern, spatially extensive pollen data is important for the interpretation of fossil pollen assemblages and the reconstruction of past vegetation communities in space and time. Modern datasets are readily available for percentage data but lacking for pollen accumulation rates (PARs). Filling this gap has been the motivation of the pollen monitoring network, whose contributors monitored pollen deposition in modified Tauber traps for several years or decades across Europe. Here we present this monitoring dataset consisting of 351 trap locations with a total of 2742 annual samples covering the period from 1981 to 2017. This dataset shows that total PAR is influenced by forest cover and climate parameters, which determine pollen productivity and correlate with latitude. Treeless vegetation produced PAR values of at least 140 grains cm−2 yr−1. Tree PAR increased by at least 400 grains cm−2 yr−1 with each 10 % increase in forest cover. Pollen traps situated beyond 200 km of the distribution of a given tree species still collect occasional pollen grains of that species. The threshold of this long-distance transport differs for individual species and is generally below 60 grains cm−2 yr−1. Comparisons between modern and fossil PAR from the same regions show similar values. For temperate taxa, modern analogues for fossil PARs are generally found downslope or southward of the fossil sites. While we do not find modern situations comparable to fossil PAR values of some taxa (e.g. Corylus), CO2 fertilization and land use may cause high modern PARs that are not documented in the fossil record. The modern data are now publicly available in the Neotoma Paleoecology Database and aid interpretations of fossil PAR data.

Published
2021
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7. The Eurasian Modern Pollen Database (EMPD), version 2

Author

B. A. S. Davis, M. Chevalier, P. Sommer, V. A. Carter, W. Finsinger, A. Mauri, L. N. Phelps, M. Zanon, R. Abegglen, C. M. Åkesson, F. Alba-Sánchez, R. S. Anderson, T. G. Antipina, J. R. Atanassova, R. Beer, N. I. Belyanina, T. A. Blyakharchuk, O. K. Borisova, E. Bozilova, G. Bukreeva, M. J. Bunting, E. Clò, D. Colombaroli, N. Combourieu-Nebout, S. Desprat, F. Di Rita, M. Djamali, K. J. Edwards, P. L. Fall, A. Feurdean, W. Fletcher, A. Florenzano, G. Furlanetto, E. Gaceur, A. T. Galimov, M. Gałka, I. García-Moreiras, T. Giesecke, R. Grindean, M. A. Guido, I. G. Gvozdeva, U. Herzschuh, K. L. Hjelle, S. Ivanov, S. Jahns, V. Jankovska, G. Jiménez-Moreno, M. Karpińska-Kołaczek, I. Kitaba, P. Kołaczek, E. G. Lapteva, M. Latałowa, V. Lebreton, S. Leroy, M. Leydet, D. A. Lopatina, J. A. López-Sáez, A. F. Lotter, D. Magri, E. Marinova, I. Matthias, A. Mavridou, A. M. Mercuri, J. M. Mesa-Fernández, Y. A. Mikishin, K. Milecka, C. Montanari, C. Morales-Molino, A. Mrotzek, C. Muñoz Sobrino, O. D. Naidina, T. Nakagawa, A. B. Nielsen, E. Y. Novenko, S. Panajiotidis, N. K. Panova, M. Papadopoulou, H. S. Pardoe, A. Pędziszewska, T. I. Petrenko, M. J. Ramos-Román, C. Ravazzi, M. Rösch, N. Ryabogina, S. Sabariego Ruiz, J. S. Salonen, T. V. Sapelko, J. E. Schofield, H. Seppä, L. Shumilovskikh, N. Stivrins, P. Stojakowits, H. Svobodova Svitavska, J. Święta-Musznicka, I. Tantau, W. Tinner, K. Tobolski, S. Tonkov, M. Tsakiridou, V. Valsecchi, O. G. Zanina, and M. Zimny

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

The Eurasian (née European) Modern Pollen Database (EMPD) was established in 2013 to provide a public database of high-quality modern pollen surface samples to help support studies of past climate, land cover, and land use using fossil pollen. The EMPD is part of, and complementary to, the European Pollen Database (EPD) which contains data on fossil pollen found in Late Quaternary sedimentary archives throughout the Eurasian region. The EPD is in turn part of the rapidly growing Neotoma database, which is now the primary home for global palaeoecological data. This paper describes version 2 of the EMPD in which the number of samples held in the database has been increased by 60 % from 4826 to 8134. Much of the improvement in data coverage has come from northern Asia, and the database has consequently been renamed the Eurasian Modern Pollen Database to reflect this geographical enlargement. The EMPD can be viewed online using a dedicated map-based viewer at https://empd2.github.io and downloaded in a variety of file formats at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.909130 (Chevalier et al., 2019).

Published
2020
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8. Fire hazard modulation by long-term dynamics in land cover and dominant forest type in eastern and central Europe

Author

A. Feurdean, B. Vannière, W. Finsinger, D. Warren, S. C. Connor, M. Forrest, J. Liakka, A. Panait, C. Werner, M. Andrič, P. Bobek, V. A. Carter, B. Davis, A.-C. Diaconu, E. Dietze, I. Feeser, G. Florescu, M. Gałka, T. Giesecke, S. Jahns, E. Jamrichová, K. Kajukało, J. Kaplan, M. Karpińska-Kołaczek, P. Kołaczek, P. Kuneš, D. Kupriyanov, M. Lamentowicz, C. Lemmen, E. K. Magyari, K. Marcisz, E. Marinova, A. Niamir, E. Novenko, M. Obremska, A. Pędziszewska, M. Pfeiffer, A. Poska, M. Rösch, M. Słowiński, M. Stančikaitė, M. Szal, J. Święta-Musznicka, I. Tanţău, M. Theuerkauf, S. Tonkov, O. Valkó, J. Vassiljev, S. Veski, I. Vincze, A. Wacnik, J. Wiethold, and T. Hickler

Subjects
Ecology, QH540-549.5, Life, QH501-531, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

Wildfire occurrence is influenced by climate, vegetation and human activities. A key challenge for understanding the risk of fires is quantifying the mediating effect of vegetation on fire regimes. Here, we explore the relative importance of Holocene land cover, land use, dominant functional forest type, and climate dynamics on biomass burning in temperate and boreo-nemoral regions of central and eastern Europe over the past 12 kyr. We used an extensive data set of Holocene pollen and sedimentary charcoal records, in combination with climate simulations and statistical modelling. Biomass burning was highest during the early Holocene and lowest during the mid-Holocene in all three ecoregions (Atlantic, continental and boreo-nemoral) but was more spatially variable over the past 3–4 kyr. Although climate explained a significant variance in biomass burning during the early Holocene, tree cover was consistently the highest predictor of past biomass burning over the past 8 kyr. In temperate forests, biomass burning was high at ∼45 % tree cover and decreased to a minimum at between 60 % and 70 % tree cover. In needleleaf-dominated forests, biomass burning was highest at ∼ 60 %–65 % tree cover and steeply declined at >65 % tree cover. Biomass burning also increased when arable lands and grasslands reached ∼ 15 %–20 %, although this relationship was variable depending on land use practice via ignition sources, fuel type and quantities. Higher tree cover reduced the amount of solar radiation reaching the forest floor and could provide moister, more wind-protected microclimates underneath canopies, thereby decreasing fuel flammability. Tree cover at which biomass burning increased appears to be driven by warmer and drier summer conditions during the early Holocene and by increasing human influence on land cover during the late Holocene. We suggest that long-term fire hazard may be effectively reduced through land cover management, given that land cover has controlled fire regimes under the dynamic climates of the Holocene.

Published
2020
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9. Monumental and Long-Lasting or Temporary and Performative? How did Neolithic Rondels Function? Radiocarbon Dating and Bayesian Chronological Modeling of the Rondel at Nowe Objezierze (Northwestern Poland)

Author

Czerniak, Lech, primary, Bayliss, Alex, additional, Goslar, Tomasz, additional, Badura, Monika, additional, Budilová, Kristýna, additional, Lisá, Lenka, additional, Marciniak, Arkadiusz, additional, Matuszewska, Agnieszka, additional, Pędziszewska, Anna, additional, and Święty-Musznicka, Joanna, additional

Published
2024
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10. Holocene fire activity during low-natural flammability periods reveals scale-dependent cultural human-fire relationships in Europe

Author

Dietze, Elisabeth, Theuerkauf, Martin, Bloom, Karolina, Brauer, Achim, Dörfler, Walter, Feeser, Ingo, Feurdean, Angelica, Gedminienė, Laura, Giesecke, Thomas, Jahns, Susanne, Karpińska-Kołaczek, Monika, Kołaczek, Piotr, Lamentowicz, Mariusz, Latałowa, Małgorzata, Marcisz, Katarzyna, Obremska, Milena, Pędziszewska, Anna, Poska, Anneli, Rehfeld, Kira, Stančikaitė, Migle, Stivrins, Normunds, Święta-Musznicka, Joanna, Szal, Marta, Vassiljev, Jüri, Veski, Siim, Wacnik, Agnieszka, Weisbrodt, Dawid, Wiethold, Julian, Vannière, Boris, and Słowiński, Michał

Published
2018
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16. Palaeoecological data indicates land-use changes across Europe linked to spatial heterogeneity in mortality during the Black Death pandemic

Author

Max Planck Society, Estonian Research Council, European Research Council, Latvian Council of Science, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (España), Swedish Research Council, Volkswagen Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), López Sáez, José Antonio [0000-0002-3122-2744], Izdebski, A., Guzowski, P., Poniat, R., Masci, Lucrezia, Palli, J., Vignola, Cristiano, Bauch, M., Cocozza, C., Fernandes, R., Ljungqvist , F.C., Newfield, T., Seim, A., Abel-Schaad, D., Alba-Sánchez, F., Björkman, L., Brauer, A., Brown, A., Czerwiński, S., Ejarque, A., Fiłoc, M., Florenzano, A., Fredh, E. D., Fyfe, R, Jasiunas, N., Kołaczek, P., Kouli, K., Kozáková, R., Kupryjanowicz, M., Lagerås, P., Lamentowicz. M., Lindbladh, M., López Sáez, José Antonio, Luelmo Lautenschlaeger, Reyes, Marcisz, K., Mazier, F., Mensing, S., Mercuri, A.M., Milecka, K., Miras, Y., Noryśkiewicz, A.M., Novenko, E., Obremska, M., Panajiotidis, S., Papadopoulou, M.L., Pędziszewska, A., Pérez-Díaz, Sebastián, Piovesan, G., Pluskowski, A., Pokorný, Petr, Poska, A., Reitalu, T., Rösch, M., Sadori , L., Sá Ferreira, C., Sebag, D., Słowiński, M., Stančikaitė, M., Stivrins, N., Tunno, I., Veski, S., Wacnik, A., Masi, A., Max Planck Society, Estonian Research Council, European Research Council, Latvian Council of Science, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (España), Swedish Research Council, Volkswagen Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), López Sáez, José Antonio [0000-0002-3122-2744], Izdebski, A., Guzowski, P., Poniat, R., Masci, Lucrezia, Palli, J., Vignola, Cristiano, Bauch, M., Cocozza, C., Fernandes, R., Ljungqvist , F.C., Newfield, T., Seim, A., Abel-Schaad, D., Alba-Sánchez, F., Björkman, L., Brauer, A., Brown, A., Czerwiński, S., Ejarque, A., Fiłoc, M., Florenzano, A., Fredh, E. D., Fyfe, R, Jasiunas, N., Kołaczek, P., Kouli, K., Kozáková, R., Kupryjanowicz, M., Lagerås, P., Lamentowicz. M., Lindbladh, M., López Sáez, José Antonio, Luelmo Lautenschlaeger, Reyes, Marcisz, K., Mazier, F., Mensing, S., Mercuri, A.M., Milecka, K., Miras, Y., Noryśkiewicz, A.M., Novenko, E., Obremska, M., Panajiotidis, S., Papadopoulou, M.L., Pędziszewska, A., Pérez-Díaz, Sebastián, Piovesan, G., Pluskowski, A., Pokorný, Petr, Poska, A., Reitalu, T., Rösch, M., Sadori , L., Sá Ferreira, C., Sebag, D., Słowiński, M., Stančikaitė, M., Stivrins, N., Tunno, I., Veski, S., Wacnik, A., and Masi, A.

Abstract

The Black Death (1347–1352 CE) is the most renowned pandemic in human history, believed by many to have killed half of Europe’s population. However, despite advances in ancient DNA research that conclusively identified the pandemic’s causative agent (bacterium Yersinia pestis), our knowledge of the Black Death remains limited, based primarily on qualitative remarks in medieval written sources available for some areas of Western Europe. Here, we remedy this situation by applying a pioneering new approach, ‘big data palaeoecology’, which, starting from palynological data, evaluates the scale of the Black Death’s mortality on a regional scale across Europe. We collected pollen data on landscape change from 261 radiocarbon-dated coring sites (lakes and wetlands) located across 19 modern-day European countries. We used two independent methods of analysis to evaluate whether the changes we see in the landscape at the time of the Black Death agree with the hypothesis that a large portion of the population, upwards of half, died within a few years in the 21 historical regions we studied. While we can confirm that the Black Death had a devastating impact in some regions, we found that it had negligible or no impact in others. These inter-regional differences in the Black Death’s mortality across Europe demonstrate the significance of cultural, ecological, economic, societal and climatic factors that mediated the dissemination and impact of the disease. The complex interplay of these factors, along with the historical ecology of plague, should be a focus of future research on historical pandemics.

Published
2022

17. Big Data Palaeoecology reveals significant variation in Black Death mortality in Europe [Preprint]

Author

Izdebski, A., Guzowski, P., Poniat, R., Masci, L., Palli, J., Vignola, C., Bauch, M., Cocozza, C., Fernandes, R., Ljungqvist, F. C., Newfield, T., Seim, A., Abel-Schaad, D., Alba-Sánchez, F., Björkman, L., Brauer, A., Brown, A., Czerwiński, S., Ejarque, A., Fiłoc, M., Florenzano, A., Fredh, E. D., Fyfe, R., Jasiunas, N., Kołaczek, P., Kouli, K., 1, Kozáková, R., Kupryjanowicz, M., Lagerås, P., Lamentowicz, M., Lindbladh, M., López-Sáez, J. A., Luelmo-Lautenschlaeger, R., Marcisz, K., Mazier, F., Mensing, S., Mercuri, A. M., Milecka, K., Miras, Y., Noryśkiewicz, A. M., Novenko, E., Obremska, M., Panajiotidis, S., Papadopoulou, M. L., Pędziszewska, A., Pérez-Díaz, S., Piovesan, G., Pluskowski, A., Pokorny, P., Poska, A., Reitalu, T., Rösch, M., Sadori, L., Sá Ferreira, C., Sebag, D., Słowiński, M., Stančikaitė, M., Stivrins, N., Tunno, I., Veski, S., Wacnik, A., Masi, A., Universidad de Cantabria, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), University of Bialystok, Department of Earth Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Università degli studi della Tuscia [Viterbo], Leibniz Institute for the History and Culture of Eastern Europe (GWZO), Universität Leipzig, ArchaeoBioCenter, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Stockholm University, Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study [Uppsala], Department of History, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA, Department of biology, georgetown University, Washington DC, Chair of Forest Growth and Dendroecology, University of Freiburg, Institute of Botany [Innsbruck], Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Viscum Pollenanalys & Miljöhistoria, Nässjö, Sweden, German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam (GFZ), Institute of Geosciences [Potsdam], University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, Wessex Archaeology [Salisbury], Department of Archaeology and Centre for Past Climate Change, University of Reading, Reading, UK, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Department of Palaeobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland, Laboratory of Palynology and Palaeobotany, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy, The Arctic University of Norway [Tromsø, Norway] (UiT), School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Plymouth] (SoGEES), Plymouth University, University of Latvia (LU), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, The Archaeologists, National Historical Museums, Lund, Sweden, Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Environmental Archaeology Research Group, Institute of History, CSIC, Madrid, Spain, Department of Geography, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, Géographie de l'environnement (GEODE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geography, University of Nevada, Reno, USA, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nicolaus Copernicus University [Toruń], MSU Faculty of Geography [Moscow], Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Laboratory of Forest Botany-Geobotany, School of Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, University of Cologne, Faculty of Biology [Gdansk, Poland], University of Gdańsk (UG), Department of Geography, Urban and Regional Planning, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain., Centre for Theoretical Studies, Charles University, Czechia (CTS), Charles University [Prague] (CU)-Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Institute of Geology at Tallinn, Tallinn University of Technology (TTÜ), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, Nature Research Centre, Institute of Geology and Geography, Vilnius, Lithuania, Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (CAMS), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Lawrence, CA, USA, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, European Project: 263735,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2010-StG_20091209,TEC(2010), Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany, Faculty of History and International Relations, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland, Department of Earth Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy, Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy, Leibniz Institute for the History and Culture of Eastern Europe (GWZO), Leipzig, Germany, Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study, Uppsala, Sweden, Chair of Forest Growth and Dendroecology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Universität Innsbruck [Innsbruck], GFZ-German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section Climate Dynamics and Landscape Evolution, Potsdam, Germany, Institute of Geosciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany, Wessex Archaeology, Portway House, Salisbury, UK, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), The Arctic University of Norway (UiT), Institute of Archeology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republi, Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia., Department of Quaternary Research, Institute of Geography Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia, Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland., Laboratory of Palaeoecology and Archaeobotany, Department of Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland., Charles University [Prague] (CU), Department of Geology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia, Lund University [Lund], Department of Geology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia., Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, University of Tartu, Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], IFP Energies Nouvelles, Earth Sciences and Environmental Technologies Division, Rueil-Malmaison, Rueil-Malmaison, Past Landscape Dynamics Laboratory, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland., 3 Department of Geology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland., Institute of History, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland, Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (Dafne), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy, Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (Deb), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy., Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic, Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria, Department of Botany, University of Granada, Granada, Spain, Climate Change Ecology Research Unit, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland., Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ISEM, UMR 5554, Université Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, Museum of Archaeology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK, Department of Geography, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia., Climate Change Ecology Research Unit, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland, Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece, Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Anthropocene Research Unit, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, CNRS, HNHP UMR 7194, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, Paris, France, Institute of Archaeology, Faculty of History, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland., Centre for Climate Change Research, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland, Institute of Geography, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany, Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (Deb), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy, Centre for Theoretical Study, Charles University and Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic., Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, Department of Pre- and Early History and West Asian Archaeology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany, School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, Department of Geography, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia, Institute of Latvian History, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia., Max Planck Society, Estonian Research Council, European Research Council, Latvian Council of Science, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (España), Swedish Research Council, Volkswagen Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), López Sáez, José Antonio [0000-0002-3122-2744], López Sáez, José Antonio, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)

Subjects
Land-use changes, Ecology, black death pandemic, Humaniora: 000::Arkeologi: 090 [VDP], palaeoecological data, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, paleoecology, palynology, big data, paleoecology, Europe, big data, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, palynology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

The authors acknowledge the following funding sources: Max Planck Independent Research Group, Palaeo-Science and History Group (A.I., A.M. and C.V.); Estonian Research Council #PRG323, PUT1173 (A.Pos., T.R., N.S. and S.V.); European Research Council #FP7 263735 (A.Bro. and A.Plu.), #MSC 655659 (A.E.); Georgetown Environmental Initiative (T.N.); Latvian Council of Science #LZP-2020/2-0060 (N.S. and N.J.); LLNL-JRNL-820941 (I.T.); NSF award #GSS-1228126 (S.M.); Polish-Swiss Research Programme #013/2010 CLIMPEAT (M.Lam.), #086/2010 CLIMPOL (A.W.); Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education #N N306 275635 (M.K.); Polish National Science Centre #2019/03/X/ST10/00849 (M.Lam.), #2015/17/B/ST10/01656 (M.Lam.), #2015/17/B/ST10/03430 (M.So.), #2018/31/B/ST10/02498 (M.So.), #N N304 319636 (A.W.); SCIEX #12.286 (K.Mar.); Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness #REDISCO-HAR2017-88035-P (J.A.L.S.); Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports #FPU16/00676 (R.L.L.); Swedish Research Council #421-2010-1570 (P.L.), #2018-01272 (F.C.L. and A.S.); Volkswagen Foundation Freigeist Fellowship Dantean Anomaly (M.B.), Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation #RTI2018-101714-B-I00 (F.A.S. and D.A.S.), OP RDE, MEYS project #CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000728 (P.P.)., The Black Death (1347–1352 ce) is the most renowned pandemic in human history, believed by many to have killed half of Europe’s population. However, despite advances in ancient DNA research that conclusively identified the pandemic’s causative agent (bacterium Yersinia pestis), our knowledge of the Black Death remains limited, based primarily on qualitative remarks in medieval written sources available for some areas of Western Europe. Here, we remedy this situation by applying a pioneering new approach, ‘big data palaeoecology’, which, starting from palynological data, evaluates the scale of the Black Death’s mortality on a regional scale across Europe. We collected pollen data on landscape change from 261 radiocarbon-dated coring sites (lakes and wetlands) located across 19 modern-day European countries. We used two independent methods of analysis to evaluate whether the changes we see in the landscape at the time of the Black Death agree with the hypothesis that a large portion of the population, upwards of half, died within a few years in the 21 historical regions we studied. While we can confirm that the Black Death had a devastating impact in some regions, we found that it had negligible or no impact in others. These inter-regional differences in the Black Death’s mortality across Europe demonstrate the significance of cultural, ecological, economic, societal and climatic factors that mediated the dissemination and impact of the disease. The complex interplay of these factors, along with the historical ecology of plague, should be a focus of future research on historical pandemics., Max Planck Independent Research Group, Palaeo-Science and History Group, Estonian Research Council PRG323 PUT1173, European Research Council (ERC) European Commission FP7 263735 MSC 655659, Georgetown Environmental Initiative, Latvian Ministry of Education and Science LZP-2020/2-0060 LLNL-JRNL-820941, National Science Foundation (NSF) GSS-1228126, Polish-Swiss Research Programme 013/2010 086/2010, Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland N306 275635, Polish National Science Centre 2019/03/X/ST10/00849 2015/17/B/ST10/01656 2015/17/B/ST10/03430 2018/31/B/ST10/02498 N N304 319636, SCIEX 12.286, Spanish Government REDISCO-HAR2017-88035-P FPU16/00676, Swedish Research Council, European Commission 421-2010-1570 2018-01272, Volkswagen Foundation Freigeist Fellowship Dantean Anomaly, Spanish Government RTI2018-101714-B-I00, OP RDE, MEYS project CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000728

Published
2022
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18. Big Data Palaeoecology reveals significant variation in Black Death mortality in Europe

Author

Elena Novenko, Laura Sadori, Alexander Brown, Achim Brauer, Yannick Miras, Mariusz Lamentowicz, Nauris Jasiunas, Sebastián Pérez-Díaz, Assunta Florenzano, Magdalena Fiłoc, Petr Pokorný, Aleks Pluskowski, Mirosława Kupryjanowicz, Per Lagerås, Milena Obremska, Manfred Rösch, Krystyna Milecka, Fredrik Ljungqvist, Leif Björkman, Daniel Abel-Schaad, Timothy Newfield, Piotr Kołaczek, José Antonio López-Sáez, Reyes Luelmo-Lautenschlaeger, Anneli Poska, Adam Izdebski, Agnieszka Wacnik, Piotr Guzowski, Florence Mazier, Erik Fredh, Irene Tunno, Michał Słowiński, Ralph Fyfe, Jordan Palli, Siim Veski, Ana Ejarque, Gianluca Piovesan, Lucrezia Masci, Sambor Czerwiński, Radka Kozáková, Carla Sá Ferreira, Ricardo J. Fernandes, Migle Stančikaitė, Katarzyna Marcisz, Matts Lindbladh, Alessia Masi, Radosław Poniat, Scott Mensing, David Sebag, Andrea Seim, Martin Bauch, Anna Pędziszewska, Francisca Alba-Sánchez, Agnieszka M. Noryśkiewicz, Katerina Kouli, Normunds Stivrins, Anna Maria Mercuri, Cristiano Vignola, Carlo Cocozza, and Triin Reitalu

Subjects
Landscape change, Variation (linguistics), Geography, Ecology, business.industry, Big data, Paleoecology, business
Abstract

The Black Death is the most reknown pandemic in human history, believed by many to have killed half of Europe's population. However, despite the advances in ancient DNA research that allowed for the successful identification of the pandemic's causative agent (bacterium Yersinia pestis), our knowledge of the Black Death is still limited, based primarily on medieval texts available for single areas of Western Europe. In our study we remedy this situation and we focus in particular on the scale of the Black Death mortality. We collected data on landscape change from 261 coring sites (lakes and wetlands) located in 19 European countries. We used two independent methods of analysis to evaluate whether the changes we see in the landscape at the time of the Black Death agree with the hypothesis that half of the population died within a single year in each of the 21 regions we studied. We discovered that while the Black Death had devastating impact in some regions, it had negligible or no impact in others. The inter-regional differences in the Black Death mortality across Europe demonstrate the significance of cultural, ecological, economic and climatic factors that mediate the dissemination and impact of the disease. The complex interplay of these factors, along with the identification of the pathogen that caused disease outbreaks, should be the focus of future research on historical pandemics.

Published
2021
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19. Patterns in recent and Holocene pollen accumulation rates across Europe – the Pollen Monitoring Programme Database as a tool for vegetation reconstruction

Author

Abraham, Vojtěch, primary, Hicks, Sheila, additional, Svobodová-Svitavská, Helena, additional, Bozilova, Elissaveta, additional, Panajiotidis, Sampson, additional, Filipova-Marinova, Mariana, additional, Jensen, Christin Eldegard, additional, Tonkov, Spassimir, additional, Pidek, Irena Agnieszka, additional, Święta-Musznicka, Joanna, additional, Zimny, Marcelina, additional, Kvavadze, Eliso, additional, Filbrandt-Czaja, Anna, additional, Hättestrand, Martina, additional, Karlıoğlu Kılıç, Nurgül, additional, Kosenko, Jana, additional, Nosova, Maria, additional, Severova, Elena, additional, Volkova, Olga, additional, Hallsdóttir, Margrét, additional, Kalniņa, Laimdota, additional, Noryśkiewicz, Agnieszka M., additional, Noryśkiewicz, Bożena, additional, Pardoe, Heather, additional, Christodoulou, Areti, additional, Koff, Tiiu, additional, Fontana, Sonia L., additional, Alenius, Teija, additional, Isaksson, Elisabeth, additional, Seppä, Heikki, additional, Veski, Siim, additional, Pędziszewska, Anna, additional, Weiser, Martin, additional, and Giesecke, Thomas, additional

Published
2021
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20. Big Data Palaeoecology reveals significant variation in Black Death mortality in Europe

Author

Izdebski, Adam, primary, Guzowski, Piotr, additional, Poniat, Radosław, additional, Masci, Lucrezia, additional, Palli, Jordan, additional, Vignola, Cristiano, additional, Bauch, Martin, additional, Cocozza, Carlo, additional, Fernandes, Ricardo, additional, Ljungqvist, Fredrik, additional, Newfield, Timothy, additional, Seim, Andrea, additional, Abel-Schaad, Daniel, additional, Alba-Sánchez, Francisca, additional, Björkman, Leif, additional, Brauer, Achim, additional, Brown, Alex, additional, Czerwiński, Sambor, additional, Ejarque, Ana, additional, Fiłoc, Magdalena, additional, Florenzano, Assunta, additional, Fredh, Erik, additional, Fyfe, Ralph, additional, Jasiunas, Nauris, additional, Kołaczek, Piotr, additional, Kouli, Katerina, additional, Kozáková, Radka, additional, Kupryjanowicz, Mirosława, additional, Lagerås, Per, additional, Lamentowicz, Mariusz, additional, Lindbladh, Matts, additional, López-Sáez, Jose Antonio, additional, Luelmo-Lautenschlaeger, Reyes, additional, Marcisz, Katarzyna, additional, Mazier, Florence, additional, Mensing, Scott, additional, Mercuri, Anna Maria, additional, Milecka, Krystyna, additional, Miras, Yannick, additional, Noryśkiewicz, Agnieszka, additional, Novenko, Elena, additional, Obremska, Milena, additional, Pędziszewska, Anna, additional, Pérez-Díaz, Sebastián, additional, Piovesan, Gianluca, additional, Pluskowski, Aleks, additional, Pokorný, Petr, additional, Poska, Anneli, additional, Reitalu, Triin, additional, Rösch, Manfred, additional, Sadori, Laura, additional, Ferreira, Carla Sá, additional, Sebag, David, additional, Słowiński, Michał, additional, Stančikaitė, Migle, additional, Stivrins, Normunds, additional, Tunno, Irene, additional, Veski, Siim, additional, Wacnik, Agnieszka, additional, and Masi, Alessia, additional

Published
2021
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21. Supplementary material to 'Patterns in recent and Holocene pollen influxes across Europe; the Pollen Monitoring Programme Database as a tool for vegetation reconstruction'

Author

Vojtěch Abraham, Sheila Hicks, Helena Svobodová-Svitavská, Elissaveta Bozilova, Sampson Panajiotidis, Mariana Filipova-Marinova, Christin Eldegard Jensen, Spassimir Tonkov, Irena Agnieszka Pidek, Joanna Święta-Musznicka, Marcelina Zimny, Eliso Kvavadze, Anna Filbrandt-Czaja, Martina Hättestrand, Nurgül Karlıoğlu Kılıç, Jana Kosenko, Maria Nosova, Elena Severova, Olga Volkova, Margrét Hallsdóttir, Laimdota Kalniņa, Agnieszka Noryśkiewicz, Bożena Noryśkiewicz, Heather Pardoe, Areti Christodoulou, Tiiu Koff, Sonia L. Fontana, Teija Alenius, Elisabeth Isaksson, Heikki Seppä, Siim Veski, Anna Pędziszewska, Martin Weiser, and Thomas Giesecke

Published
2020
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22. Patterns in recent and Holocene pollen influxes across Europe; the Pollen Monitoring Programme Database as a tool for vegetation reconstruction

Author

Vojtěch Abraham, Sheila Hicks, Helena Svobodová-Svitavská, Elissaveta Bozilova, Sampson Panajiotidis, Mariana Filipova-Marinova, Christin Eldegard Jensen, Spassimir Tonkov, Irena Agnieszka Pidek, Joanna Święta-Musznicka, Marcelina Zimny, Eliso Kvavadze, Anna Filbrandt-Czaja, Martina Hättestrand, Nurgül Karlıoğlu Kılıç, Jana Kosenko, Maria Nosova, Elena Severova, Olga Volkova, Margrét Hallsdóttir, Laimdota Kalniņa, Agnieszka Noryśkiewicz, Bożena Noryśkiewicz, Heather Pardoe, Areti Christodoulou, Tiiu Koff, Sonia L. Fontana, Teija Alenius, Elisabeth Isaksson, Heikki Seppä, Siim Veski, Anna Pędziszewska, Martin Weiser, and Thomas Giesecke

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The collection of modern spatially extensive pollen data are important for the interpretation of fossil pollen diagrams. Such datasets are readily available for percentage data but lacking for pollen accumulation rates (PAR). Filling this gap has been the motivation of the pollen monitoring network, whose contributors monitored pollen deposition in modified Tauber-traps for several years or decades across European latitudes. Here we present this monitoring dataset consisting of 351 trap locations with a total of 2742 annual samples covering the period from 1981 to 2017. This dataset shows that climate parameters correlating with latitude determine pollen productivity. A signal of regional forest cover can be detected in the data, while local tree cover seems more important. Pollen traps situated beyond 200 km of the distribution of the parent tree are still collecting occasional pollen grains of the tree in question. PAR’s of up to 30 grains cm−2yr−1 in fossil diagram should therefore be interpreted as long distance transport. Comparisons to fossil data from the same areas show comparable values. Comparisons often demonstrate that similar high values for temperate taxa in fossils sites are found further south or downhill. While modern situations comparable to high PAR values of some taxa (e.g. Corylus) may be hard to find, CO2 fertilization and land use may case high modern PAR’s that are not documented in the fossil record. The modern data is now publically available in the Neotoma Paleoecology Database and hopefully serves improving interpretations of fossil PAR data.

Published
2020

23. The Eurasian Modern Pollen Database (EMPD), version 2

Author

Davis, Basil A. S., primary, Chevalier, Manuel, additional, Sommer, Philipp, additional, Carter, Vachel A., additional, Finsinger, Walter, additional, Mauri, Achille, additional, Phelps, Leanne N., additional, Zanon, Marco, additional, Abegglen, Roman, additional, Åkesson, Christine M., additional, Alba-Sánchez, Francisca, additional, Anderson, R. Scott, additional, Antipina, Tatiana G., additional, Atanassova, Juliana R., additional, Beer, Ruth, additional, Belyanina, Nina I., additional, Blyakharchuk, Tatiana A., additional, Borisova, Olga K., additional, Bozilova, Elissaveta, additional, Bukreeva, Galina, additional, Bunting, M. Jane, additional, Clò, Eleonora, additional, Colombaroli, Daniele, additional, Combourieu-Nebout, Nathalie, additional, Desprat, Stéphanie, additional, Di Rita, Federico, additional, Djamali, Morteza, additional, Edwards, Kevin J., additional, Fall, Patricia L., additional, Feurdean, Angelica, additional, Fletcher, William, additional, Florenzano, Assunta, additional, Furlanetto, Giulia, additional, Gaceur, Emna, additional, Galimov, Arsenii T., additional, Gałka, Mariusz, additional, García-Moreiras, Iria, additional, Giesecke, Thomas, additional, Grindean, Roxana, additional, Guido, Maria A., additional, Gvozdeva, Irina G., additional, Herzschuh, Ulrike, additional, Hjelle, Kari L., additional, Ivanov, Sergey, additional, Jahns, Susanne, additional, Jankovska, Vlasta, additional, Jiménez-Moreno, Gonzalo, additional, Karpińska-Kołaczek, Monika, additional, Kitaba, Ikuko, additional, Kołaczek, Piotr, additional, Lapteva, Elena G., additional, Latałowa, Małgorzata, additional, Lebreton, Vincent, additional, Leroy, Suzanne, additional, Leydet, Michelle, additional, Lopatina, Darya A., additional, López-Sáez, José Antonio, additional, Lotter, André F., additional, Magri, Donatella, additional, Marinova, Elena, additional, Matthias, Isabelle, additional, Mavridou, Anastasia, additional, Mercuri, Anna Maria, additional, Mesa-Fernández, Jose Manuel, additional, Mikishin, Yuri A., additional, Milecka, Krystyna, additional, Montanari, Carlo, additional, Morales-Molino, César, additional, Mrotzek, Almut, additional, Muñoz Sobrino, Castor, additional, Naidina, Olga D., additional, Nakagawa, Takeshi, additional, Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, additional, Novenko, Elena Y., additional, Panajiotidis, Sampson, additional, Panova, Nata K., additional, Papadopoulou, Maria, additional, Pardoe, Heather S., additional, Pędziszewska, Anna, additional, Petrenko, Tatiana I., additional, Ramos-Román, María J., additional, Ravazzi, Cesare, additional, Rösch, Manfred, additional, Ryabogina, Natalia, additional, Sabariego Ruiz, Silvia, additional, Salonen, J. Sakari, additional, Sapelko, Tatyana V., additional, Schofield, James E., additional, Seppä, Heikki, additional, Shumilovskikh, Lyudmila, additional, Stivrins, Normunds, additional, Stojakowits, Philipp, additional, Svobodova Svitavska, Helena, additional, Święta-Musznicka, Joanna, additional, Tantau, Ioan, additional, Tinner, Willy, additional, Tobolski, Kazimierz, additional, Tonkov, Spassimir, additional, Tsakiridou, Margarita, additional, Valsecchi, Verushka, additional, Zanina, Oksana G., additional, and Zimny, Marcelina, additional

Published
2020
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25. Patterns in recent and Holocene pollen influxes across Europe; the Pollen Monitoring Programme Database as a tool for vegetation reconstruction

Author

Abraham, Vojtěch, primary, Hicks, Sheila, additional, Svobodová-Svitavská, Helena, additional, Bozilova, Elissaveta, additional, Panajiotidis, Sampson, additional, Filipova-Marinova, Mariana, additional, Jensen, Christin Eldegard, additional, Tonkov, Spassimir, additional, Pidek, Irena Agnieszka, additional, Święta-Musznicka, Joanna, additional, Zimny, Marcelina, additional, Kvavadze, Eliso, additional, Filbrandt-Czaja, Anna, additional, Hättestrand, Martina, additional, Karlıoğlu Kılıç, Nurgül, additional, Kosenko, Jana, additional, Nosova, Maria, additional, Severova, Elena, additional, Volkova, Olga, additional, Hallsdóttir, Margrét, additional, Kalniņa, Laimdota, additional, Noryśkiewicz, Agnieszka, additional, Noryśkiewicz, Bożena, additional, Pardoe, Heather, additional, Christodoulou, Areti, additional, Koff, Tiiu, additional, Fontana, Sonia L., additional, Alenius, Teija, additional, Isaksson, Elisabeth, additional, Seppä, Heikki, additional, Veski, Siim, additional, Pędziszewska, Anna, additional, Weiser, Martin, additional, and Giesecke, Thomas, additional

Published
2020
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26. Supplementary material to "Patterns in recent and Holocene pollen influxes across Europe; the Pollen Monitoring Programme Database as a tool for vegetation reconstruction"

Author

Abraham, Vojtěch, primary, Hicks, Sheila, additional, Svobodová-Svitavská, Helena, additional, Bozilova, Elissaveta, additional, Panajiotidis, Sampson, additional, Filipova-Marinova, Mariana, additional, Jensen, Christin Eldegard, additional, Tonkov, Spassimir, additional, Pidek, Irena Agnieszka, additional, Święta-Musznicka, Joanna, additional, Zimny, Marcelina, additional, Kvavadze, Eliso, additional, Filbrandt-Czaja, Anna, additional, Hättestrand, Martina, additional, Karlıoğlu Kılıç, Nurgül, additional, Kosenko, Jana, additional, Nosova, Maria, additional, Severova, Elena, additional, Volkova, Olga, additional, Hallsdóttir, Margrét, additional, Kalniņa, Laimdota, additional, Noryśkiewicz, Agnieszka, additional, Noryśkiewicz, Bożena, additional, Pardoe, Heather, additional, Christodoulou, Areti, additional, Koff, Tiiu, additional, Fontana, Sonia L., additional, Alenius, Teija, additional, Isaksson, Elisabeth, additional, Seppä, Heikki, additional, Veski, Siim, additional, Pędziszewska, Anna, additional, Weiser, Martin, additional, and Giesecke, Thomas, additional

Published
2020
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28. Abrupt Alnus population decline at the end of the first millennium CE in Europe - The event ecology, possible causes and implications

Author

Agnieszka M. Noryśkiewicz, Marcelina Zimny, Joanna Święta-Musznicka, Anna Pędziszewska, Liisa Ilvonen, Milena Obremska, Heikki Seppä, Florian Ott, Leena Pasanen, Michał Słowiński, Normunds Stivrins, Lasse Holmström, Małgorzata Latałowa, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, and Department of Geosciences and Geography

Subjects
Phytophthora, 1171 Geosciences, 010506 paleontology, Archeology, ELM-BARK BEETLE, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, KRETZSCHMARIA-DEUSTA, Population, Climate change, PEAT DEPOSITS, SOURCE AREA, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, ANNUALLY LAMINATED SEDIMENTS, pathogen outbreak, Pollen, medicine, LATE HOLOCENE, education, Alnus long-term population dynamics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Supplementary data, Global and Planetary Change, education.field_of_study, CLIMATE-CHANGE, Ecology, biology, HEMLOCK DECLINE, ecological disturbance, Paleontology, 15. Life on land, palaeoecology, biology.organism_classification, Population decline, Geography, climate change, RAISED BOG, 13. Climate action, Paleoecology, Kretzschmaria deusta, Raised bog, FOREST PATHOGENS
Abstract

The study, based on the examination of 70 published and unpublished pollen profiles from Poland and supplementary data from the surrounding regions, shows that an abrupt, episodic Alnus population decline at the end of the first millennium CE was a much more widespread event than has been previously reported, spanning large areas of the temperate and boreal zones in Europe. The data from Poland suggest that the decline was roughly synchronous and most likely occurred between the 9th and 10th centuries, with strong indications for the 10th century. The pollen data indicate that human impacts were not a major factor in the event. Instead, we hypothesize that one or a series of abrupt climatic shifts that caused floods and droughts at the end of the first millennium CE could have initiated this ecological disturbance, leading to a higher vulnerability of the alder trees to a pathogen outbreak. Following current observations of the decline of alder stands in Europe due to a Phytophthora outbreak, we suggest that a similar process may have occurred in the past. This study provides insight into long-term alder (mainly Alnus glutinosa) dynamics in a condition of climate change and illustrates its great resilience, enabling the natural, successful regeneration of alder stands after critical diebacks if environmental conditions improve. Our finding that the Alnus pollen decline reflects a roughly synchronous event indicates that the decline could be used as an over-regional chronostratigraphic marker for 800–1000 CE in pollen diagrams from a large part of the European Lowland.

Published
2019

29. The Eurasian Modern Pollen Database (EMPD), version 2

Author

Davis, Basil A. S., Chevalier, Manuel, Sommer, Philipp, Carter, Vachel A., Finsinger, Walter, Mauri, Achille, Phelps, Leanne N., Zanon, Marco, Abegglen, Roman, Åkesson, Christine M., Alba-sánchez, Francisca, Anderson, R. Scott, Antipina, Tatiana G., Atanassova, Juliana R., Beer, Ruth, Belyanina, Nina I., Blyakharchuk, Tatiana A., Borisova, Olga K., Bozilova, Elissaveta, Bukreeva, Galina, Bunting, M. Jane, Clò, Eleonora, Colombaroli, Daniele, Combourieu-nebout, Nathalie, Desprat, Stéphanie, Di Rita, Federico, Djamali, Morteza, Edwards, Kevin J., Fall, Patricia L., Feurdean, Angelica, Fletcher, William, Florenzano, Assunta, Furlanetto, Giulia, Gaceur, Emna, Galimov, Arsenii T., Gałka, Mariusz, García-moreiras, Iria, Giesecke, Thomas, Grindean, Roxana, Guido, Maria A., Gvozdeva, Irina G., Herzschuh, Ulrike, Hjelle, Kari L., Ivanov, Sergey, Jahns, Susanne, Jankovska, Vlasta, Jiménez-moreno, Gonzalo, Karpińska-kołaczek, Monika, Kitaba, Ikuko, Kołaczek, Piotr, Lapteva, Elena G., Latałowa, Małgorzata, Lebreton, Vincent, Leroy, Suzanne, Leydet, Michelle, Lopatina, Darya A., López-sáez, José Antonio, Lotter, André F., Magri, Donatella, Marinova, Elena, Matthias, Isabelle, Mavridou, Anastasia, Mercuri, Anna Maria, Mesa-fernández, Jose Manuel, Mikishin, Yuri A., Milecka, Krystyna, Montanari, Carlo, Morales-molino, César, Mrotzek, Almut, Muñoz Sobrino, Castor, Naidina, Olga D., Nakagawa, Takeshi, Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, Novenko, Elena Y., Panajiotidis, Sampson, Panova, Nata K., Papadopoulou, Maria, Pardoe, Heather S., Pędziszewska, Anna, Petrenko, Tatiana I., Ramos-román, María J., Ravazzi, Cesare, Rösch, Manfred, Ryabogina, Natalia, Sabariego Ruiz, Silvia, Salonen, J. Sakari, Sapelko, Tatyana V., Schofield, James E., Seppä, Heikki, Shumilovskikh, Lyudmila, Stivrins, Normunds, Stojakowits, Philipp, Svobodova Svitavska, Helena, Święta-musznicka, Joanna, Tantau, Ioan, Tinner, Willy, Tobolski, Kazimierz, Tonkov, Spassimir, Tsakiridou, Margarita, Valsecchi, Verushka, Zanina, Oksana G., Zimny, Marcelina, Davis, Basil A. S., Chevalier, Manuel, Sommer, Philipp, Carter, Vachel A., Finsinger, Walter, Mauri, Achille, Phelps, Leanne N., Zanon, Marco, Abegglen, Roman, Åkesson, Christine M., Alba-sánchez, Francisca, Anderson, R. Scott, Antipina, Tatiana G., Atanassova, Juliana R., Beer, Ruth, Belyanina, Nina I., Blyakharchuk, Tatiana A., Borisova, Olga K., Bozilova, Elissaveta, Bukreeva, Galina, Bunting, M. Jane, Clò, Eleonora, Colombaroli, Daniele, Combourieu-nebout, Nathalie, Desprat, Stéphanie, Di Rita, Federico, Djamali, Morteza, Edwards, Kevin J., Fall, Patricia L., Feurdean, Angelica, Fletcher, William, Florenzano, Assunta, Furlanetto, Giulia, Gaceur, Emna, Galimov, Arsenii T., Gałka, Mariusz, García-moreiras, Iria, Giesecke, Thomas, Grindean, Roxana, Guido, Maria A., Gvozdeva, Irina G., Herzschuh, Ulrike, Hjelle, Kari L., Ivanov, Sergey, Jahns, Susanne, Jankovska, Vlasta, Jiménez-moreno, Gonzalo, Karpińska-kołaczek, Monika, Kitaba, Ikuko, Kołaczek, Piotr, Lapteva, Elena G., Latałowa, Małgorzata, Lebreton, Vincent, Leroy, Suzanne, Leydet, Michelle, Lopatina, Darya A., López-sáez, José Antonio, Lotter, André F., Magri, Donatella, Marinova, Elena, Matthias, Isabelle, Mavridou, Anastasia, Mercuri, Anna Maria, Mesa-fernández, Jose Manuel, Mikishin, Yuri A., Milecka, Krystyna, Montanari, Carlo, Morales-molino, César, Mrotzek, Almut, Muñoz Sobrino, Castor, Naidina, Olga D., Nakagawa, Takeshi, Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, Novenko, Elena Y., Panajiotidis, Sampson, Panova, Nata K., Papadopoulou, Maria, Pardoe, Heather S., Pędziszewska, Anna, Petrenko, Tatiana I., Ramos-román, María J., Ravazzi, Cesare, Rösch, Manfred, Ryabogina, Natalia, Sabariego Ruiz, Silvia, Salonen, J. Sakari, Sapelko, Tatyana V., Schofield, James E., Seppä, Heikki, Shumilovskikh, Lyudmila, Stivrins, Normunds, Stojakowits, Philipp, Svobodova Svitavska, Helena, Święta-musznicka, Joanna, Tantau, Ioan, Tinner, Willy, Tobolski, Kazimierz, Tonkov, Spassimir, Tsakiridou, Margarita, Valsecchi, Verushka, Zanina, Oksana G., and Zimny, Marcelina

Abstract

The Eurasian (née European) Modern Pollen Database (EMPD) was established in 2013 to provide a public database of high-quality modern pollen surface samples to help support studies of past climate, land cover, and land use using fossil pollen. The EMPD is part of, and complementary to, the European Pollen Database (EPD) which contains data on fossil pollen found in Late Quaternary sedimentary archives throughout the Eurasian region. The EPD is in turn part of the rapidly growing Neotoma database, which is now the primary home for global palaeoecological data. This paper describes version 2 of the EMPD in which the number of samples held in the database has been increased by 60 % from 4826 to 8134. Much of the improvement in data coverage has come from northern Asia, and the database has consequently been renamed the Eurasian Modern Pollen Database to reflect this geographical enlargement. The EMPD can be viewed online using a dedicated map-based viewer at https://empd2.github.io and downloaded in a variety of file formats at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.909130 (Chevalier et al., 2019).

Published
2020

30. The Eurasian Modern Pollen Database (EMPD), version 2

Author

Université de Lausanne, Swiss National Science Foundation, López Sáez, José Antonio [0000-0002-3122-2744], Davis, Basil A. S., Chevalier, Manuel, Sommer, Philipp, Carter, Vachel A., Finsinger, Walter, Mauri, Achille, Phelps, Leanne N., Zanon, Marco, Abegglen, Roman, Åkesson, Christine M., Alba Sánchez, Francisca, Valsecchi, V., Zanina, Oksana G., Zimny, Marcelina, Scott Anderson, R., Antipina, Tatiana A., Atanassova, Juliana R., Beer, Ruth, Belyanina, Nina I., Blyakharchuk, Tatiana A., Borisova, Olga K., Bozilova, Elissaveta, Bukreeva, Galina, Bunting, M. Jane, Clò, Eleonora, Colombaroli, Daniele, Combourieu-Nebout, N., Desprat, Stéphanie, Rita, Federico di, Djamali, Morteza, Edwards, Kevin J., Fall, Patricia L., Feurdean, Angelica, Fletcher, William J., Florenzano, Assunta, Furlanetto, Giulia, Gaceur, Emna, Galimov, Arsenii T., Galka, Mariusz, García-Moreiras, Iria, Giesecke, Thomas, Grindean, Roxana, Guido, Maria A., Gvozdeva, Irina G., Herzschuh, Ulrike, Hjelle, Kari L., Ivanov, Sergy, Jahns, Susanne, Jankovska, Vlasta, Jiménez-Moreno, Gonzalo, Karpińska‐Kołaczek, Monika, Kitaba, Ikuko, Kolaczek, Piotr, Lapteva, Elena G., Latalowa, Malgorzata, Lebreton, Vincent, Leroy, Suzanne A. G., Leydet, Michelle, Lopatina, Darya A., López Sáez, José Antonio, Lotter, A. F., Marinova, Elena, Matthias, Isabelle, Mavridou, Anastasia, Mercuri, Anna Maria, Mesa-Fernández, Jose Manuel, Mikishin, Yuri A., Milecka, Krystyna, Montanari, Carlo, Morales-Molino, César, Mrotzek, Almut, Muñoz Sobrino, C., Naidina, Olga D., Nakagawa, Takeshi, Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, Novenko, Elena Y., Panajiotidis, Sampson, Panova, Nata K., Papadopoulou, María, Pardoe, Heather S., Pędziszewska, Anna, Petrenko, Tatitana I., Ramos-Román, María J., Ravazzi, Cesare, Rösch, Manfred, Ryabogina, Natalia, Sabariego Ruiz, Silvia, Salonen, J. Sakari, Sapelko, Tatyana V., Schofield, James E., Seppä, Heikki, Shumilovskikh, Lyudmila, Stivrins, Normunds, Stojakowits, Philipp, Svobodova Svitavska, Helena, Święta-Musznicka, Joanna, Tantau, Ioan, Tinner, Willy, Tobolski, Kazimierz, Tonkov, Spassimir, Tsakiridou, Margarita, Université de Lausanne, Swiss National Science Foundation, López Sáez, José Antonio [0000-0002-3122-2744], Davis, Basil A. S., Chevalier, Manuel, Sommer, Philipp, Carter, Vachel A., Finsinger, Walter, Mauri, Achille, Phelps, Leanne N., Zanon, Marco, Abegglen, Roman, Åkesson, Christine M., Alba Sánchez, Francisca, Valsecchi, V., Zanina, Oksana G., Zimny, Marcelina, Scott Anderson, R., Antipina, Tatiana A., Atanassova, Juliana R., Beer, Ruth, Belyanina, Nina I., Blyakharchuk, Tatiana A., Borisova, Olga K., Bozilova, Elissaveta, Bukreeva, Galina, Bunting, M. Jane, Clò, Eleonora, Colombaroli, Daniele, Combourieu-Nebout, N., Desprat, Stéphanie, Rita, Federico di, Djamali, Morteza, Edwards, Kevin J., Fall, Patricia L., Feurdean, Angelica, Fletcher, William J., Florenzano, Assunta, Furlanetto, Giulia, Gaceur, Emna, Galimov, Arsenii T., Galka, Mariusz, García-Moreiras, Iria, Giesecke, Thomas, Grindean, Roxana, Guido, Maria A., Gvozdeva, Irina G., Herzschuh, Ulrike, Hjelle, Kari L., Ivanov, Sergy, Jahns, Susanne, Jankovska, Vlasta, Jiménez-Moreno, Gonzalo, Karpińska‐Kołaczek, Monika, Kitaba, Ikuko, Kolaczek, Piotr, Lapteva, Elena G., Latalowa, Malgorzata, Lebreton, Vincent, Leroy, Suzanne A. G., Leydet, Michelle, Lopatina, Darya A., López Sáez, José Antonio, Lotter, A. F., Marinova, Elena, Matthias, Isabelle, Mavridou, Anastasia, Mercuri, Anna Maria, Mesa-Fernández, Jose Manuel, Mikishin, Yuri A., Milecka, Krystyna, Montanari, Carlo, Morales-Molino, César, Mrotzek, Almut, Muñoz Sobrino, C., Naidina, Olga D., Nakagawa, Takeshi, Nielsen, Anne Birgitte, Novenko, Elena Y., Panajiotidis, Sampson, Panova, Nata K., Papadopoulou, María, Pardoe, Heather S., Pędziszewska, Anna, Petrenko, Tatitana I., Ramos-Román, María J., Ravazzi, Cesare, Rösch, Manfred, Ryabogina, Natalia, Sabariego Ruiz, Silvia, Salonen, J. Sakari, Sapelko, Tatyana V., Schofield, James E., Seppä, Heikki, Shumilovskikh, Lyudmila, Stivrins, Normunds, Stojakowits, Philipp, Svobodova Svitavska, Helena, Święta-Musznicka, Joanna, Tantau, Ioan, Tinner, Willy, Tobolski, Kazimierz, Tonkov, Spassimir, and Tsakiridou, Margarita

Abstract

The Eurasian (née European) Modern Pollen Database (EMPD) was established in 2013 to provide a public database of high-quality modern pollen surface samples to help support studies of past climate, land cover, and land use using fossil pollen. The EMPD is part of, and complementary to, the European Pollen Database (EPD) which contains data on fossil pollen found in Late Quaternary sedimentary archives throughout the Eurasian region. The EPD is in turn part of the rapidly growing Neotoma database, which is now the primary home for global palaeoecological data. This paper describes version 2 of the EMPD in which the number of samples held in the database has been increased by 60% from 4826 to 8134. Much of the improvement in data coverage has come from northern Asia, and the database has consequently been renamed the Eurasian Modern Pollen Database to reflect this geographical enlargement. The EMPD can be viewed online using a dedicated map-based viewer at https://empd2.github.io and downloaded in a variety of file formats at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.909130 (Chevalier et al., 2019).

Published
2020

31. Latalowa_M_et_al._ESM_Table_S3 – Supplemental material for Abrupt Alnus population decline at the end of the first millennium CE in Europe – The event ecology, possible causes and implications

Author

Małgorzata Latałowa, Święta-Musznicka, Joanna, Michał Słowiński, Pędziszewska, Anna, Noryśkiewicz, Agnieszka M, Zimny, Marcelina, Obremska, Milena, Ott, Florian, Stivrins, Normunds, Pasanen, Leena, Ilvonen, Liisa, Holmström, Lasse, and Seppä, Heikki

Subjects
History, Geography
Abstract

Supplemental material, Latalowa_M_et_al._ESM_Table_S3 for Abrupt Alnus population decline at the end of the first millennium CE in Europe – The event ecology, possible causes and implications by Małgorzata Latałowa, Joanna Święta-Musznicka, Michał Słowiński, Anna Pędziszewska, Agnieszka M NoryŚkiewicz, Marcelina Zimny, Milena Obremska, Florian Ott, Normunds Stivrins, Leena Pasanen, Liisa Ilvonen, Lasse Holmström and Heikki Seppä in The Holocene

Published
2019
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32. ESM_Figure_S1_The_results_of_the_SiZer_analyses_of_Alnus_pollen_curves_in_selected_sites_in_Poland – Supplemental material for Abrupt Alnus population decline at the end of the first millennium CE in Europe – The event ecology, possible causes and implications

Author

Małgorzata Latałowa, Święta-Musznicka, Joanna, Michał Słowiński, Pędziszewska, Anna, Noryśkiewicz, Agnieszka M, Zimny, Marcelina, Obremska, Milena, Ott, Florian, Stivrins, Normunds, Pasanen, Leena, Ilvonen, Liisa, Holmström, Lasse, and Seppä, Heikki

Subjects
History, Geography
Abstract

Supplemental material, ESM_Figure_S1_The_results_of_the_SiZer_analyses_of_Alnus_pollen_curves_in_selected_sites_in_Poland for Abrupt Alnus population decline at the end of the first millennium CE in Europe – The event ecology, possible causes and implications by Małgorzata Latałowa, Joanna Święta-Musznicka, Michał Słowiński, Anna Pędziszewska, Agnieszka M NoryŚkiewicz, Marcelina Zimny, Milena Obremska, Florian Ott, Normunds Stivrins, Leena Pasanen, Liisa Ilvonen, Lasse Holmström and Heikki Seppä in The Holocene

Published
2019
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33. Fire risk modulation by long-term dynamics in land cover and dominant forest type in Eastern and Central Europe

Author

Angelica Feurdean, Boris Vannière, Walter Finsinger, Dan Warren, Simon C. Connor, Matthew Forrest, Johan Liakka, Andrei Panait, Christian Werner, Maja Andrič, Premysl Bobek, Vachel A. Carter, Basil Davis, Andrei-Cosmin Diaconu, Elisabeth Dietze, Ingo Feeser, Gabriela Florescu, Mariusz Gałka, Thomas Giesecke, Susanne Jahns, Eva Jamrichová, Katarzyna Kajukało, Jed Kaplan, Monika Karpińska-Kołaczek, Piotr Kołaczek, Petr Kuneš, Dimitry Kupriyanov, Mariusz Lamentowicz, Carsten Lemmen, Enikö K. Magyari, Katarzyna Marcisz, Elena Marinova, Aidin Niamir, Elena Novenko, Milena Obremska, Anna Pędziszewska, Mirjam Pfeiffer, Anneli Poska, Manfred Rösch, Michal Słowiński, Miglė Stančikaitė, Marta Szal, Joanna Święta-Musznicka, Ioan Tanţău, Martin Theuerkauf, Spassimir Tonkov, Orsolya Valkó, Juri Vassiljev, Siim Veski, Ildiko Vincze, Agnieszka Wacnik, Julian Wiethold, Thomas Hickler, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main-Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center [Bergen] (NERSC), Babes-Bolyai University [Cluj-Napoca] (UBB), Heidelberg University, Institut za arheologijo (ZRC SAZU), Znanstvenoraziskovalni center SAZU - Institut za arheologijo, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics [Lausanne], Université de Lausanne (UNIL), GeoForschungsZentrum - Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam (GFZ), Institut fûr Ur- und Frühgeschichte, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Department of Palynology and Climate Dynamics, Georg-August-University [Göttingen]-Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Brandenburgisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologisches Landesmuseum, Institute of Geoecology and Geoinformation, ARVE, Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Monitoring, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS), MTA-MTM-ELTE Research Group for Paleontology, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), GINOP Sustainable Ecosystem Research Group, MTA Centre for Ecological Research [Tihany], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Department of Environmental and Landscape Geography, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Landesdenkmalamt, Baden-Württemberg, Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Department of Plant Ecology, Gdansk University, University of Gdańsk (UG), Senckenberg biodiversität und klima forschungszentrum (BIK-F), Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg (SGN), Institute of Geology, University of Bern, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, Nature Research Centre [Vilnius], Department of Palaeobotany, Institute of Biology, Białystok University of Technology, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, University of Sofia, Institute of Geology at Tallinn, Tallinn University of Technology (TTÜ), Department of Palaeobotany, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon] (ARTeHiS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), German Research Foundation (grant nos. FE-1096/4-1 and FE-1096/6-1). Additional financial support also came from the Slovenian Research Agency (grant nos. P6-0064 and J7-6857), the UEFISCDI in Romania (grant no. PN-III-P4-ID-PCE-2016-0711), the Research Council of Lithuania (grant no. S-MIP-17-133), the Swiss Government Excellence Postdoctoral Scholarship (grant no. FIRECO 2016.0310), the National Science Centre in Poland (grant nos. 2015/17/B/ST10/01656 and 2015/17/B/ST10/03430), the Czech Science Foundation (grant nos. 16-06915S, 19-14271Y and GA14-22658S), the Estonian Research Council (grant no. PRG323), the Czech Academy of Sciences (grant no. RVO 67985939), the ANR OBRESOC project (grant no. ANR 09-CEP-004-01), and the Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office., PAGES Global Charcoal Database, ANR-09-CEPL-0004,OBRESOC,Un observatoire rétrospectif d'une société archéologique: La trajectoire du néolithique Rubané.(2009), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Charles University [Prague] (CU), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen-Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Софийски университет = Sofia University, and Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, biomass burning, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Holocene, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Human impact, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Fire hazard, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, 13. Climate action, tree cover, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 010606 plant biology & botany, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Wildfire occurrence is influenced by climate, vegetation and human activities. A key challenge for understanding fire-climate-vegetation interactions is to quantify the effect vegetation has in mediating fire regime. Here, we explore the relative importance of Holocene land cover and dominant functional forest type, and climate dynamics on biomass burned in temperate and boreo-nemoral regions of Central and Eastern Europe over the past 12 ka BP years. We used an extensive data set of Holocene pollen and sedimentary charcoal records, in combination with climate simulations and novel statistical modelling. Biomass burned was highest during the early Holocene and lowest during the mid Holocene in all three ecoregions, but diverged more markedly over the past 3–4 ka BP. Although the climate was an important driver of fire hazard during the warm and dry early Holocene, tree cover was consistently the strongest predictor of past biomass burning. In temperate forests, biomass burned was high at ~ 45 % tree cover and decreased strongly towards 60 % tree cover. In needleleaf dominated forests, biomass burned was highest at ~ 60–65 % tree cover and abruptly declined at > 65 % tree cover. Biomass burned also increased when arable lands and grasslands reached ~ 15–20 %, although this relationship was highly dynamic depending on land use intensity throughout ignition and fuel type and availability. Our observations cover the full range of Holocene climate variability and land cover changes and illustrates that percentages of land cover is a key predictor of the probability of fire occurrence over timescales of centuries to millennia. We suggest that long-term fire risk may be effectively reduced through land cover management, given that land cover has controlled fire regimes under the dynamic climates of the Holocene.

Published
2019
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34. Fire hazard modulation by long-term dynamics in land cover and dominant forest type in eastern and central Europe

Author

Feurdean, Angelica, primary, Vannière, Boris, additional, Finsinger, Walter, additional, Warren, Dan, additional, Connor, Simon C., additional, Forrest, Matthew, additional, Liakka, Johan, additional, Panait, Andrei, additional, Werner, Christian, additional, Andrič, Maja, additional, Bobek, Premysl, additional, Carter, Vachel A., additional, Davis, Basil, additional, Diaconu, Andrei-Cosmin, additional, Dietze, Elisabeth, additional, Feeser, Ingo, additional, Florescu, Gabriela, additional, Gałka, Mariusz, additional, Giesecke, Thomas, additional, Jahns, Susanne, additional, Jamrichová, Eva, additional, Kajukało, Katarzyna, additional, Kaplan, Jed, additional, Karpińska-Kołaczek, Monika, additional, Kołaczek, Piotr, additional, Kuneš, Petr, additional, Kupriyanov, Dimitry, additional, Lamentowicz, Mariusz, additional, Lemmen, Carsten, additional, Magyari, Enikö K., additional, Marcisz, Katarzyna, additional, Marinova, Elena, additional, Niamir, Aidin, additional, Novenko, Elena, additional, Obremska, Milena, additional, Pędziszewska, Anna, additional, Pfeiffer, Mirjam, additional, Poska, Anneli, additional, Rösch, Manfred, additional, Słowiński, Michal, additional, Stančikaitė, Miglė, additional, Szal, Marta, additional, Święta-Musznicka, Joanna, additional, Tanţău, Ioan, additional, Theuerkauf, Martin, additional, Tonkov, Spassimir, additional, Valkó, Orsolya, additional, Vassiljev, Jüri, additional, Veski, Siim, additional, Vincze, Ildiko, additional, Wacnik, Agnieszka, additional, Wiethold, Julian, additional, and Hickler, Thomas, additional

Published
2020
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35. Holocene fire activity during low-natural flammability periods reveals scale-dependent cultural human-fire relationships in Europe

Author

Karolina Bloom, Siim Veski, Katarzyna Marcisz, Jüri Vassiljev, Michał Słowiński, Normunds Stivrins, Piotr Kołaczek, Joanna Święta-Musznicka, Anneli Poska, Kira Rehfeld, Migle Stančikaitė, Monika Karpińska-Kołaczek, Agnieszka Wacnik, Susanne Jahns, Laura Gedminienė, Marta Szal, Walter Dörfler, Angelica Feurdean, Milena Obremska, Ingo Feeser, Boris Vannière, Martin Theuerkauf, Achim Brauer, Dawid Weisbrodt, Anna Pędziszewska, Mariusz Lamentowicz, Małgorzata Latałowa, Thomas Giesecke, Julian Wiethold, Elisabeth Dietze, GeoForschungsZentrum - Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam (GFZ), Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Institut fûr Ur- und Frühgeschichte, Palynology and Climate Dynamics, Albrecht-von-Haller-Inst. for Plant Sciences, Brandenburgisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologisches Landesmuseum, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Departement of Plant Ecology, Gdansk University, University of Gdańsk (UG), Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Tallinn University of Technology (TTÜ), Institute of Environmental Physics [Heidelberg] (IUP), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Nature Research Centre [Vilnius], Department of Plant Ecology, Gdansk University, Białystok University of Technology, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon] (ARTeHiS), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), and Wiethold, Julian

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, Land cover, 010506 paleontology, Archeology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Evolution, Microcharcoal, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Holocene vegetation change, 01 natural sciences, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Behavior and Systematics, Sedimentary charcoal, Fire ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Holocene, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Global and Planetary Change, Fire dynamics, [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Ecology, Land use, Fire regime, Geology, Human impact, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Fire, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Archaeology, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Climate model, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, [SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Physical geography, Central europe, Fire Ecology
Abstract

Fire is a natural component of global biogeochemical cycles and closely related to changes in human land use. Whereas climate-fuel relationships seem to drive both global and subcontinental fire regimes, human-induced fires are prominent mainly on a local scale. Furthermore, the basic assumption that relates humans and fire regimes in terms of population densities, suggesting that few human-induced fires should occur in periods and areas of low population density, is currently debated. Here, we analyze human-fire relationships throughout the Holocene and discuss how and to what extent human-driven fires affected the landscape transformation in the Central European Lowlands (CEL). We present sedimentary charcoal composites on three spatial scales and compare them with climate model output and land cover reconstructions from pollen records. Our findings indicate that widespread natural fires only occurred during the early Holocene. Natural conditions (climate and vegetation) limited the extent of wildfires beginning 8500 cal. BP, and diverging subregional charcoal composites suggest that Mesolithic hunter-gatherers maintained a culturally diverse use of fire. Divergence in regional charcoal composites marks the spread of sedentary cultures in the western and eastern CEL. The intensification of human land use during the last millennium drove an increase in fire activity to early-Holocene levels across the CEL. Hence, humans have significantly affected natural fire regimes beyond the local scale – even in periods of low population densities – depending on diverse cultural land-use strategies. We find that humans have strongly affected land-cover- and biogeochemical cycles since Mesolithic times.

Published
2018

36. Supplementary material to "Fire risk modulation by long-term dynamics in land cover and dominant forest type in Eastern and Central Europe"

Author

Feurdean, Angelica, primary, Vannière, Boris, additional, Finsinger, Walter, additional, Warren, Dan, additional, Connor, Simon C., additional, Forrest, Matthew, additional, Liakka, Johan, additional, Panait, Andrei, additional, Werner, Christian, additional, Andrič, Maja, additional, Bobek, Premysl, additional, Carter, Vachel A., additional, Davis, Basil, additional, Diaconu, Andrei-Cosmin, additional, Dietze, Elisabeth, additional, Feeser, Ingo, additional, Florescu, Gabriela, additional, Gałka, Mariusz, additional, Giesecke, Thomas, additional, Jahns, Susanne, additional, Jamrichová, Eva, additional, Kajukało, Katarzyna, additional, Kaplan, Jed, additional, Karpińska-Kołaczek, Monika, additional, Kołaczek, Piotr, additional, Kuneš, Petr, additional, Kupriyanov, Dimitry, additional, Lamentowicz, Mariusz, additional, Lemmen, Carsten, additional, Magyari, Enikö K., additional, Marcisz, Katarzyna, additional, Marinova, Elena, additional, Niamir, Aidin, additional, Novenko, Elena, additional, Obremska, Milena, additional, Pędziszewska, Anna, additional, Pfeiffer, Mirjam, additional, Poska, Anneli, additional, Rösch, Manfred, additional, Słowiński, Michal, additional, Stančikaitė, Miglė, additional, Szal, Marta, additional, Święta-Musznicka, Joanna, additional, Tanţău, Ioan, additional, Theuerkauf, Martin, additional, Tonkov, Spassimir, additional, Valkó, Orsolya, additional, Vassiljev, Juri, additional, Veski, Siim, additional, Vincze, Ildiko, additional, Wacnik, Agnieszka, additional, Wiethold, Julian, additional, and Hickler, Thomas, additional

Published
2019
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37. Fire risk modulation by long-term dynamics in land cover and dominant forest type in Eastern and Central Europe

Author

Feurdean, Angelica, primary, Vannière, Boris, additional, Finsinger, Walter, additional, Warren, Dan, additional, Connor, Simon C., additional, Forrest, Matthew, additional, Liakka, Johan, additional, Panait, Andrei, additional, Werner, Christian, additional, Andrič, Maja, additional, Bobek, Premysl, additional, Carter, Vachel A., additional, Davis, Basil, additional, Diaconu, Andrei-Cosmin, additional, Dietze, Elisabeth, additional, Feeser, Ingo, additional, Florescu, Gabriela, additional, Gałka, Mariusz, additional, Giesecke, Thomas, additional, Jahns, Susanne, additional, Jamrichová, Eva, additional, Kajukało, Katarzyna, additional, Kaplan, Jed, additional, Karpińska-Kołaczek, Monika, additional, Kołaczek, Piotr, additional, Kuneš, Petr, additional, Kupriyanov, Dimitry, additional, Lamentowicz, Mariusz, additional, Lemmen, Carsten, additional, Magyari, Enikö K., additional, Marcisz, Katarzyna, additional, Marinova, Elena, additional, Niamir, Aidin, additional, Novenko, Elena, additional, Obremska, Milena, additional, Pędziszewska, Anna, additional, Pfeiffer, Mirjam, additional, Poska, Anneli, additional, Rösch, Manfred, additional, Słowiński, Michal, additional, Stančikaitė, Miglė, additional, Szal, Marta, additional, Święta-Musznicka, Joanna, additional, Tanţău, Ioan, additional, Theuerkauf, Martin, additional, Tonkov, Spassimir, additional, Valkó, Orsolya, additional, Vassiljev, Juri, additional, Veski, Siim, additional, Vincze, Ildiko, additional, Wacnik, Agnieszka, additional, Wiethold, Julian, additional, and Hickler, Thomas, additional

Published
2019
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38. AbruptAlnuspopulation decline at the end of the first millennium CE in Europe – The event ecology, possible causes and implications

Author

Latałowa, Małgorzata, primary, Święta-Musznicka, Joanna, additional, Słowiński, Michał, additional, Pędziszewska, Anna, additional, Noryśkiewicz, Agnieszka M, additional, Zimny, Marcelina, additional, Obremska, Milena, additional, Ott, Florian, additional, Stivrins, Normunds, additional, Pasanen, Leena, additional, Ilvonen, Liisa, additional, Holmström, Lasse, additional, and Seppä, Heikki, additional

Published
2019
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39. Abrupt Alnus population decline at the end of the first millennium CE in Europe:the event ecology, possible causes and implications

Author

Latałowa, M. (Małgorzata), Święta-Musznicka, J. (Joanna), Słowiński, M. (Michał), Pędziszewska, A. (Anna), Noryśkiewicz, A. (Agnieszka), Zimny, M. (Marcelina), Obremska, M. (Milena), Ott, F. (Florian), Stivrins, N. (Normunds), Pasanen, L. (Leena), Iivonen, L. (Liisa), Holmström, L. (Lasse), Seppä, H. (Heikki), Latałowa, M. (Małgorzata), Święta-Musznicka, J. (Joanna), Słowiński, M. (Michał), Pędziszewska, A. (Anna), Noryśkiewicz, A. (Agnieszka), Zimny, M. (Marcelina), Obremska, M. (Milena), Ott, F. (Florian), Stivrins, N. (Normunds), Pasanen, L. (Leena), Iivonen, L. (Liisa), Holmström, L. (Lasse), and Seppä, H. (Heikki)

Abstract

The study, based on the examination of 70 published and unpublished pollen profiles from Poland and supplementary data from the surrounding regions, shows that an abrupt, episodic Alnus population decline at the end of the first millennium CE was a much more widespread event than has been previously reported, spanning large areas of the temperate and boreal zones in Europe. The data from Poland suggest that the decline was roughly synchronous and most likely occurred between the 9th and 10th centuries, with strong indications for the 10th century. The pollen data indicate that human impacts were not a major factor in the event. Instead, we hypothesize that one or a series of abrupt climatic shifts that caused floods and droughts at the end of the first millennium CE could have initiated this ecological disturbance, leading to a higher vulnerability of the alder trees to a pathogen outbreak. Following current observations of the decline of alder stands in Europe due to a Phytophthora outbreak, we suggest that a similar process may have occurred in the past. This study provides insight into long-term alder (mainly Alnus glutinosa) dynamics in a condition of climate change and illustrates its great resilience, enabling the natural, successful regeneration of alder stands after critical diebacks if environmental conditions improve. Our finding that the Alnus pollen decline reflects a roughly synchronous event indicates that the decline could be used as an over-regional chronostratigraphic marker for 800–1000 CE in pollen diagrams from a large part of the European Lowland.

Published
2019

40. Statistical techniques for modeling of Corylus, Alnus, and Betula pollen concentration in the air

Author

Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska, Małgorzata Latałowa, Katarzyna Dąbrowska-Zapart, Małgorzata Puc, Krystyna Piotrowska-Weryszko, Jakub Nowosad, Idalia Kasprzyk, Kazimiera Chłopek, Barbara Majkowska-Wojciechowska, Piotr Rapiejko, Anna Pędziszewska, Łukasz Grewling, Alfred Stach, Tomasz Stosik, and Dorota Myszkowska

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Immunology, Statistical model, Plant Science, Growing degree-day, 010501 environmental sciences, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Aerobiology, Regression, Random forest, Betula pollen, Pollen, Statistics, Range (statistics), medicine, Immunology and Allergy, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Mathematics
Abstract

Prediction of allergic pollen concentration is one of the most important goals of aerobiology. Past studies have used a broad range of modeling techniques; however, the results cannot be directly compared owing to the use of different datasets, validation methods, and evaluation metrics. The main aim of this study was to compare nine statistical modeling techniques using the same dataset. An additional goal was to assess the importance of predictors for the best model. Aerobiological data for Corylus, Alnus, and Betula pollen counts were obtained from nine cities in Poland and covered between five and 16 years of measurements. Meteorological data from the AGRI4CAST project were used as a predictor variables. The results of 243 final models (3 taxa $$\times$$ 9 cities $$\times$$ 9 techniques) were validated using a repeated k-fold cross-validation and compared using relative and absolute performance statistics. Afterward, the variable importance of predictors in the best models was calculated and compared. Simple models performed poorly. On the other hand, regression trees and rule-based models proved to be the most accurate for all of the taxa. Cumulative growing degree days proved to be the single most important predictor variable in the random forest models of Corylus, Alnus, and Betula. Finally, the study suggested potential improvements in aerobiological modeling, such as the application of robust cross-validation techniques and the use of gridded variables.

Published
2018

41. Holocene fires in the central European lowlands and the role of humans

Author

Dietze, Elisabeth, Theuerkauf, Martin, Bloom, Karolina, Brauer, Achim, Dörfler, Walter, Feeser, Ingo, Feurdean, Angelica, Gedminienė, Laura, Giesecke, Thomas, Jahns, Susanne, Karpińska-Kołaczek, Monika, Kołaczek, Piotr, Lamentowicz, Mariusz, Latałowa, Małgorzata, Marcisz, Katarzyna, Obremska, Milena, Pędziszewska, Anna, Poska, Anneli, Rehfeld, Kira, Stivrins, Normunds, Święta-Musznicka, Joanna, Szal, Marta, Vassiljew, Jüri, Veski, Siim, Wacnik, Agnieszka, Weisbrodt, Dawid, Wiethold, Julian, Słowiński, Michał, Wiethold, Julian, GeoForschungsZentrum - Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam (GFZ), Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, Institut fûr Ur- und Frühgeschichte, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Senckenberg biodiversität und klima forschungszentrum (BIK-F), Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg (SGN), Nature Research Centre [Vilnius], Albrecht-von-Haller Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Brandenburgisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologisches Landesmuseum, Institute of Geoecology and Geoinformation, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Monitoring, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, Department of Plant Ecology, Gdansk University, University of Gdańsk (UG), Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Monitoring, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Institute of Geology, University of Bern, Institute of Environmental Physics [Heidelberg] (IUP), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Department of Geography [Riga], Department of Palaeobotany, Institute of Biology, Białystok University of Technology, Institute of Geology at Tallinn, Tallinn University of Technology (TTÜ), W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Institute of Geography, Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon] (ARTeHiS), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geoecology and Climatology, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), and Polish Academy of Sciences

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

International audience; A major debate concerns the questions of when and to what extent humans affected regional landscapes, especially land cover and associated geomorphological dynamics, significantly beyond natural variability. Fire is both, a natural component of many climate zones and ecosystems around the globe and also closely related to human land cover change. Humans clearly affected natural fire regimes and landscapes in the most recent centuries, acting as prime ignition triggers and later fire suppressors, while Holocene trends in sedimentary charcoal have been mainly associated with climatic factors and partly with Neolithic land cover change. However, little is known since when Paleolithic to Neolithic fire use affected natural landscapes beyond small spatial and temporal scales. Here, we discuss onset and extent of human-driven fires superimposed on natural Holocene landscape transformation for the central European lowlands (CEL), a landscape of low natural flammability and long human history. We present composites of sedimentary charcoal records as new human impact proxies for periods when natural conditions (climate and vegetation) limited wildfires. Together with climate model output and land cover reconstructions from pollen, we find that fire was naturally important only during the early Holocene. The onset of human-driven fires beyond natural fires appeared scale-dependent. Sub-regional fire maxima indicate fire use by Mesolithic hunter-gatherers, already 8,500 years ago. Regionally, fire marks the Neolithisation onset at ∼6,500 years (western CEL) and ∼4,000 years ago (eastern CEL). During the last millennium, farming intensification drove fire up to early Holocene levels across all CEL. Fire activity reduced only in the highly fragmented landscape of northern Germany during the last centuries. As compilations of soil erosion records even mirror Holocene fire trends, we conclude that past human land cover change could have affected sub-regional landscapes more and earlier than previously thought.

Published
2018

42. Tiliaforest dynamics,Kretzschmaria deustaattack, and mire hydrology as palaeoecological proxies for mid-Holocene climate reconstruction in the Kashubian Lake District (N Poland)

Author

Małgorzata Latałowa, Anna Pędziszewska, Emilia Maciejewska, and Joanna Święta-Musznicka

Subjects
Archeology, Global and Planetary Change, Peat, Ecology, biology, Forest dynamics, Paleontology, Macrofossil, biology.organism_classification, Tilia, Mire, Paleoecology, Kretzschmaria deusta, Physical geography, Holocene, Geology, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract

Pollen, non-pollen palynomorph, macrofossil, and lithological analyses of mid-Holocene deposits from a small peat bog in northern Poland provide new proxy data on vegetation dynamics and climate between c. 9500 and 4600 cal. BP. The most prominent wetter climate phases occurred between c. 9500 and 9280±160 and between c. 5000 and 4600 cal. BP while a hot and dry period between 8185±145 and 5299±195 cal. BP corresponds with the Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM). The HTM phase has been characterized by absolute dominance of Tilia cordata and the presence of T. platyphyllos beyond its current geographical range limit and a c. 2700 yr long, high incidence of the parasite fungus Kretzschmaria deusta in the local forest stand, concurrent with a dry phase on the mire. For the HTM, we suggest mean summer temperatures at least 3°C higher than today’s values. These data are in accordance with the geographic pattern of the HTM temperature anomalies in northern Europe, including the Baltic region, which suggest a gradient of positive anomalies from north to south and from west to east. The data also illustrate the effect of climate warming on the mid-Holocene pathogen outbreak and may indicate intensive vegetative reproduction as a Tilia strategy for population survival. Summer drought was probably important for high success of K. deusta in infecting weakened Tilia trees.

Published
2013
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43. Abrupt Alnus population decline at the end of the first millennium CE in Europe – The event ecology, possible causes and implications.

Author

Latałowa, Małgorzata, Święta-Musznicka, Joanna, Słowiński, Michał, Pędziszewska, Anna, Noryśkiewicz, Agnieszka M, Zimny, Marcelina, Obremska, Milena, Ott, Florian, Stivrins, Normunds, Pasanen, Leena, Ilvonen, Liisa, Holmström, Lasse, and Seppä, Heikki

Subjects
ALNUS glutinosa, ALDER, ECOLOGICAL disturbances, ECOLOGY, ECOLOGICAL regime shifts, POLLEN, PHYTOPHTHORA, CLIMATE change
Abstract

The study, based on the examination of 70 published and unpublished pollen profiles from Poland and supplementary data from the surrounding regions, shows that an abrupt, episodic Alnus population decline at the end of the first millennium CE was a much more widespread event than has been previously reported, spanning large areas of the temperate and boreal zones in Europe. The data from Poland suggest that the decline was roughly synchronous and most likely occurred between the 9th and 10th centuries, with strong indications for the 10th century. The pollen data indicate that human impacts were not a major factor in the event. Instead, we hypothesize that one or a series of abrupt climatic shifts that caused floods and droughts at the end of the first millennium CE could have initiated this ecological disturbance, leading to a higher vulnerability of the alder trees to a pathogen outbreak. Following current observations of the decline of alder stands in Europe due to a Phytophthora outbreak, we suggest that a similar process may have occurred in the past. This study provides insight into long-term alder (mainly Alnus glutinosa) dynamics in a condition of climate change and illustrates its great resilience, enabling the natural, successful regeneration of alder stands after critical diebacks if environmental conditions improve. Our finding that the Alnus pollen decline reflects a roughly synchronous event indicates that the decline could be used as an over-regional chronostratigraphic marker for 800–1000 CE in pollen diagrams from a large part of the European Lowland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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44. Palaeoecological implications of the subfossil Pediastrum argentinense-type in Europe

Author

Falko Turner, Artur Szymczyk, Normunds Stivrins, Piotr Kołaczek, Marcelina Zimny, Vlasta Jankovská, Monika Karpińska-Kołaczek, Anna Pędziszewska, Roberta Pini, and Joanna Lenarczyk

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Subfossil, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, biology, Holocene, Ecology, Paleontology, Pediastrum, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Type (biology), Taxon, Late Glacial, subfossil algae, Glacial period, Quaternary sediments, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, palaeobioindicator, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

This paper describes specimens of Pediastrum argentinense-type in Late Quaternary sediments, focusing on their morphological variability and stressing their value for palaeobotanical studies. Although the taxon strongly resembles P. argentinense Bourrelly et Tell in Tell, known only from South America, some morphological differences between P. argentinense and P. argentinense-type lead to the conclusion that we are dealing with a separate taxon provisionally named P. argentinense-type. To make its taxonomic position clear, there is a need for detailed morphological observations of living specimens and molecular analyses. This taxon was found in sections spanning the entire Late Glacial and Holocene periods across Central Europe. Its affinity to sediments originating in shallow and strongly overgrown water bodies makes it a good indicator of such conditions in past environments.

Published
2015

45. Forecasting model of Corylus, Alnus, and Betula pollen concentration levels using spatiotemporal correlation properties of pollen count

Author

Nowosad, Jakub, primary, Stach, Alfred, additional, Kasprzyk, Idalia, additional, Weryszko-Chmielewska, Elżbieta, additional, Piotrowska-Weryszko, Krystyna, additional, Puc, Małgorzata, additional, Grewling, Łukasz, additional, Pędziszewska, Anna, additional, Uruska, Agnieszka, additional, Myszkowska, Dorota, additional, Chłopek, Kazimiera, additional, and Majkowska-Wojciechowska, Barbara, additional

Published
2015
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49. Tilia forest dynamics, Kretzschmaria deusta attack, and mire hydrology as palaeoecological proxies for mid-Holocene climate reconstruction in the Kashubian Lake District (N Poland).

Author

Latałowa, Małgorzata, Pędziszewska, Anna, Maciejewska, Emilia, and Święta-Musznicka, Joanna

Subjects
FOREST dynamics, HYDROLOGY, HOLOCENE Epoch, ASCOSPORES, PARASITES, SMALL-leaved linden, EFFECT of temperature on plants
Abstract

Pollen, non-pollen palynomorph, macrofossil, and lithological analyses of mid-Holocene deposits from a small peat bog in northern Poland provide new proxy data on vegetation dynamics and climate between c. 9500 and 4600 cal. BP. The most prominent wetter climate phases occurred between c. 9500 and 9280±160 and between c. 5000 and 4600 cal. BP while a hot and dry period between 8185±145 and 5299±195 cal. BP corresponds with the Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM). The HTM phase has been characterized by absolute dominance of Tilia cordata and the presence of T. platyphyllos beyond its current geographical range limit and a c. 2700 yr long, high incidence of the parasite fungus Kretzschmaria deusta in the local forest stand, concurrent with a dry phase on the mire. For the HTM, we suggest mean summer temperatures at least 3°C higher than today’s values. These data are in accordance with the geographic pattern of the HTM temperature anomalies in northern Europe, including the Baltic region, which suggest a gradient of positive anomalies from north to south and from west to east. The data also illustrate the effect of climate warming on the mid-Holocene pathogen outbreak and may indicate intensive vegetative reproduction as a Tilia strategy for population survival. Summer drought was probably important for high success of K. deusta in infecting weakened Tilia trees. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2013
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50. Fire hazard modulation by long-term dynamics in land cover and dominant forest type in eastern and central Europe

Author

Feurdean, Angelica, Vannière, Boris, Finsinger, Walter, Warren, Dan, Connor, Simon C., Forrest, Matthew, Liakka, Johan, Panait, Andrei, Werner, Christian, Andrič, Maja, Bobek, Premysl, Carter, Vachel A., Davis, Basil, Diaconu, Andrei-Cosmin, Dietze, Elisabeth, Feeser, Ingo, Florescu, Gabriela, Gałka, Mariusz, Giesecke, Thomas, Jahns, Susanne, Jamrichová, Eva, Kajukało, Katarzyna, Kaplan, Jed, Karpińska-Kołaczek, Monika, Kołaczek, Piotr, Kuneš, Petr, Kupriyanov, Dimitry, Lamentowicz, Mariusz, Lemmen, Carsten, Magyari, Enikö K., Marcisz, Katarzyna, Marinova, Elena, Niamir, Aidin, Novenko, Elena, Obremska, Milena, Pędziszewska, Anna, Pfeiffer, Mirjam, Poska, Anneli, Rösch, Manfred, Słowiński, Michal, Stančikaitė, Miglė, Szal, Marta, Święta-Musznicka, Joanna, Tanţău, Ioan, Theuerkauf, Martin, Tonkov, Spassimir, Valkó, Orsolya, Vassiljev, Jüri, Veski, Siim, Vincze, Ildiko, Wacnik, Agnieszka, Wiethold, Julian, and Hickler, Thomas

Subjects
13. Climate action, 15. Life on land
Abstract

Wildfire occurrence is influenced by climate, vegetation and human activities. A key challenge for understanding the risk of fires is quantifying the mediating effect of vegetation on fire regimes. Here, we explore the relative importance of Holocene land cover, land use, dominant functional forest type, and climate dynamics on biomass burning in temperate and boreo-nemoral regions of central and eastern Europe over the past 12 kyr. We used an extensive data set of Holocene pollen and sedimentary charcoal records, in combination with climate simulations and statistical modelling. Biomass burning was highest during the early Holocene and lowest during the mid-Holocene in all three ecoregions (Atlantic, continental and boreo-nemoral) but was more spatially variable over the past 3–4 kyr. Although climate explained a significant variance in biomass burning during the early Holocene, tree cover was consistently the highest predictor of past biomass burning over the past 8 kyr. In temperate forests, biomass burning was high at ~ 45% tree cover and decreased to a minimum at between 60% and 70% tree cover. In needleleaf-dominated forests, biomass burning was highest at ~60 %–65%tree cover and steeply declined at > 65% tree cover. Biomass burning also increased when arable lands and grasslands reached ~15 %–20 %, although this relationship was variable depending on land use practice via ignition sources, fuel type and quantities. Higher tree cover reduced the amount of solar radiation reaching the forest floor and could provide moister, more wind-protected microclimates underneath canopies, thereby decreasing fuel flammability. Tree cover at which biomass burning increased appears to be driven by warmer and drier summer conditions during the early Holocene and by increasing human influence on land cover during the late Holocene. We suggest that longterm fire hazard may be effectively reduced through land cover management, given that land cover has controlled fire regimes under the dynamic climates of the Holocene.

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