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Background: In the last decades, adult patients require orthodontic treatment as a therapeutic method in an increasing percentage. This treatment has a lot of benefits, but unfortunately it also presents a number of complications and risks, among which favoring the accumulation of bacterial plaque is the most concerning.

Introduction. Clinicians claim that the prevalence of hypodontia has skyrocketed in recent years. However, there is no clear evidence whether it is really a change in dentition in Homo Sapiens or a purely hypothetical observation, due to the advanced modern technology used in the diagnosis of dento-maxillary anomalies.

Background: The differential diagnosis of endodontic and periodontal diseases can sometimes be clinically difficult, but it is vital to establish a correct diagnosis so that predictable treatment can be offered. Aim: The aim of this study was to highlight the prevalence of endo-periodontal lesions in the frontal dental group of the lower jaw depending on the degree of bone resorption as well as endodontic filling resorption in different patients, some of them with orthodontic treatment, using conical beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods: A number of 31 CBCT imaging volumes and the medical records of these patients were selected for analysis by an experienced examiner. The sites selected for analysis were divided into two subgroups, one where the endodontic treatment was performed with Endomethasone™ (Colthene, Creteil, France) (7 patients), and the other where it was performed with Adseal™ (Meta Biomed, Seoul, South Korea) (6 patients). Results: The mean age of the study population was 24.1 years, and 35.8% presented previous orthodontic treatment in their medical history. There were no statistically significant differences (p = 0.54) between groups regarding the length of the endodontic filling, the Endomethasone group showing a total length of 11.24 millimeters while the Adseal group showed a total length of 10.85 millimeters. Conclusions: The image obtained in clinical situations in which patients present combined endodontic-periodontal lesions is of real help because in many cases, with the help of CBCT, the starting point of a combined lesion can be highlighted, whether it is endodontic or periodontal.

Introduction: Pain is currently reported as the most common side effect associated with orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors associated with the intensity of pain perception during orthodontic procedures consisting in anesthesia, orthodontic mini-implant placement and removal, as well as during the postoperative period following these procedures. Material and Methods: The study included 50 young adults with a permanent dentition in need of orthodontic treatment. The pain assessment was based on visual analogue scale (VAS), using self-report questions from approved questionnaires. Pain severity was analyzed in relation to: anesthesia, implant placement, implant removal, implant movement, elastic traction and gingiva/bone pain around the implant. The study lot was divided into Group 1 – patients experiencing a pain degree of 1 or 2, and Group 2 – patients experiencing a pain degree of 3 or 4 during implant placement. Results: The maximum pain intensity (PI) was recorded during implant placement, which has been associated with a PI of 2.4 ± 0.8 (95% CI: 2.17–2.63), followed by implant removal (PI = 2.36 ± 0.66, 95% CI: 2.17–2.54), gingiva/bone pain around the implant (PI = 2.32 ± 2.58, 95% CI: 2.15–2.48), and elastic traction (PI = 2.26 ± 0.63, 95% CI: 2.08–2.44). Male gender was present in a significantly higher extent in the group of patients presenting a high intensity pain during implant placement (86.3% in Group 2 vs. 3.5% in Group 1, p

The study presents a detailed investigation of the essential oil obtained by distilling the stems of Pelargonium roseum, also known as geranium oil, cultivated at the bio-farm of the Faculty of Pharmacy in Galați, Romania. Interest in this study was sparked by the potential applications of the oil in interdisciplinary fields such as pharmacy and dentistry, considering the diversity and varying concentrations of its phytoconstituents. The research is notable for focusing on the compositional analysis of oils obtained during the pandemic years 2020, 2021, and 2022, periods marked by the global SARS-CoV-2 health crisis. The chosen methodology for the detailed analysis of the oil components includes gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, using the Adams protocol for precise identification and quantification. The mass spectra obtained were compared with those from the Wiley standard library, facilitating a rigorous evaluation of the chemical profiles. The main findings indicate a predominance of monoterpene alcohols - citronellol, geraniol, and linalool - present in free or esterified forms. Citronellol, in particular, stands out due to its high concentrations, conferring notable antibacterial and antifungal properties to the oil, superior to other volatile oils analyzed. This feature recommends it as a promising candidate for medical applications, especially in dentistry. Based on the results, the study proposes an in-depth exploration of the antibacterial efficacy of geranium oil, aiming at the development of new pharmaceutical preparations with controlled release. These preparations could enhance current treatments by offering efficient natural alternatives for preventing and combating bacterial and fungal infections in dental practice. Thus, the study emphasizes the importance of continuing research in this field, highlighting the valuable potential of essential oils in modern medical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article from the Romanian Journal of Oral Rehabilitation discusses the challenges of extracting impacted mandibular third molars. The researchers conducted a study to determine a reliable and user-friendly index for predicting the surgical difficulty of these extractions. They categorized patients into different age groups and measured the angle of the impacted molars with the mandibular canal. The study found a correlation between the duration of the surgical intervention and the molar angulation, but no significant correlation between extraction duration and patient age. The article emphasizes the importance of removing wisdom teeth as a preventative measure and highlights potential complications due to dentists' lack of knowledge about anatomical variations. It also provides information on different types of mandibular canals and their relationship to the inferior alveolar nerve, as well as statistics on the incidence of impacted wisdom teeth in different populations and varying rates between genders. The authors recommend further research to confirm their findings. [Extracted from the article]

This article from the Romanian Journal of Oral Rehabilitation discusses the use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in assessing the severity of wisdom teeth inclusion compared to conventional radiological techniques. CBCT provides detailed three-dimensional images that allow for a more thorough evaluation of included teeth and their relationships with neighboring structures. This information is crucial for preventing damage during surgery and creating personalized treatment plans. The article also presents statistics on the incidence and classification of wisdom teeth inclusion based on gender and age. The study found that CBCT provides detailed information about the position of the inferior alveolar nerve and the roots of the wisdom tooth, which can help minimize trauma during extraction and improve postoperative recovery. The article emphasizes the importance of personalized treatment plans based on the anatomical characteristics of each case. It also mentions that CBCT has higher spatial resolution but less contrast compared to conventional X-rays, and the choice between the two depends on the specific clinical needs of each case. [Extracted from the article]

This article presents a case study on the management of an impacted maxillary central incisor in a 13-year-old girl. The impaction was caused by a crown malformation, resulting in a lack of space for eruption and alignment. The treatment involved creating space for the impacted tooth, surgically exposing the crown, and inducing eruption. The article highlights the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate orthodontic and surgical management for impacted teeth, as they can affect dental aesthetics and social interaction. The interdisciplinary collaboration between various dental specialists was crucial for the successful outcome of the treatment. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction

Recent studies have shown that systemic inflammation caused by periodontal disease (PD) can determine important changes in the coronary arteries, favoring atherosclerosis progression and the development of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The aim of the ATHERODENT study (Protocol Record Number CM0117-ATD) is to assess the interrelation between PD, inflammation, and the progression of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with ACS.

This article discusses a study conducted on 162 schoolchildren in Romania to assess their dental health and caries risk. The results showed that education alone was not enough to control caries risk, highlighting the need for targeted intervention and comprehensive preventive strategies. The Romanian model of oral healthcare primarily focuses on curative treatments rather than prevention, leading to a lack of prevention programs and insufficient data on oral health status. The article emphasizes the importance of early management of caries and the cost-effectiveness of preventive measures. It also highlights the crucial role of oral health education for children's development and the need for support from parents, pediatric dentists, educators, and schools. Low health literacy is associated with disparities, poor health outcomes, and increased healthcare costs, making it essential to promote appropriate health choices. Overall, dental decay is a significant issue among school-age children in Romania, and prevention programs should start early to ensure proper tooth development. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses a study on the biomechanical properties of orthodontic mini-implants used in the oral cavity. The study found that the maximum insertion torque of the mini-implants decreased when used intraorally compared to a control group. There were also significant differences in insertion torque between different types of mini-implants. The study suggests that once inserted in the oral cavity, mini-implants undergo changes in their biomechanical properties and cannot be compared to new implants. The study concludes that the reuse of recycled mini-implants may not be biomechanically feasible. [Extracted from the article]

This article presents a comparative study on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) software in orthodontic treatment planning. The study found that the AI-based software, called ORTHO AI, outperformed the traditional software in terms of accuracy, adaptability, and facial analysis. The AI software also allowed for verbal communication, which was found to be helpful and convenient. However, the article emphasizes the need to consider cost and security aspects when implementing AI-based software in orthodontic treatments. Overall, the study suggests that AI has the potential to improve orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. [Extracted from the article]

This article from the Romanian Journal of Oral Rehabilitation presents a case study of a 32-year-old female patient with severe anterior mandibular dental crowding caused by mandibular retrusion and hypercontraction of the mentalis muscle. The patient opted for orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances and dental extractions instead of orthognathic surgery. The treatment successfully aligned the teeth and improved the patient's smile, dental and facial appearance, and self-confidence. The patient expressed satisfaction with the aesthetic and functional outcomes of the treatment. [Extracted from the article]

Orthodontically induced external apical root resorption (OIEARR) is a major concern regarding periodontal status after nonsurgical orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to assess this sequel by a systematic review of published data. For assessment, we performed an electronic search of one database for comprehensive data, using keywords in different combinations: “root resorption”, “periodontics” and “nonsurgical orthodontic treatment”. We supplemented the results searching by hand in published journals and we cross-referenced with the accessed articles. Patients included in the results presented a good general health status, with no previous history of OIEARR and no other associated pathologies. Finally, twenty-three studies were selected and included in this review. A high prevalence (69–98%) and moderate severity of OIEARR (

Introduction: According to last years' research, periodontopathogens may have a negative impact on treatment options in patients with periodontal lesions. However, not all infected sites suffer periodontal destructions, which can be explained on the assumption that only a limited number of pathogens present in a sufficient amount, are capable of affecting the periodontal tissue. Thermal cycling polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a new technique used for the identification and quantification of periodontopathogenic bacteria. The aim of our study was to confirm the presence of periodontal pathogens, and to evaluate the amount of microbacterial pathogens in the periodontal pockets of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment for a more predictable result.

In today's society, patients who turn to the orthodontist want final results in the shortest possible time, with maximum emphasis on smile aesthetics, dental alignment and facial harmony. In this regard, some procedures have emerged to accelerate the movement of teeth through the alveolar bone, thus shortening the duration of active treatment: corticotomy, application of mini-implants etc. Of these methods, bone anchorage on mini- implants is increasingly popular among adult patients, as it is a versatile technique that ensures a stable, bony anchorage and more predictable final results. Mini-implants have recently been widely used as anchoring aids in orthodontics. Their clinical effectiveness lies in their ability to maintain contact with the bone, thus resisting reactive orthodontic forces. Mini-implants are made of stainless steel, commercially pure titanium, or titanium alloy with a diameter of 1 to 2 mm and a length of 8 to 20 mm. They usually do not induce osseointegration due to their small size, short-term presence in the oral cavity and the fact that they do not protrude beyond the cortex. Compared to implantology in prosthodontics, which has a long history, mini- orthodontic implants emerged later in medical practice. In 1998, Shapiro and Kokich described for the first time the possibility of using dental implants for anchorage in orthodontic therapy. In 1997, Kanomi showed that a 1.2 mm diameter titanium mini- implant provides anchorage for the intrusion of the lower front teeth. After 4 months, the mandibular incisors were intruded by 6 mm without root resorption. In 1998, Birte Melsen et al. introduced the use of zygomatic ligatures as anchorage in patients with partial edentulousness. To this they attached nickel-titanium springs for intrusion and retraction of maxillary incisors. Over the past two decades, much research has been done to achieve skeletal anchorage using a variety of titanium mini-implants (micro-screws), palatal implants and plates or mini- plates with screws, which did not require osseointegration. Literature shows showed that microimplants with thread diameter less than 1.5 mm do not resist torsion. They maintain their stability after insertion by mechanical anchorage in the bone. The anchorage capacity depends on the surface of the microimplant, its length and diameter. The diameter determines the optimal retention in the bone. The mini- implants used in our study fall within the sizes recommended by most studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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