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The paper presents the influence of the use of supplementary feedings on the development of bee colonies and venom production. We evaluated the venom production during harvests of rapeseed, acacia and sunflower. The research was carried out in the apiary of the Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources within the ULST. The biological material was represented by 40 colonies of bees (Apis mellifera carpatica), divided into 8 experimental groups, each group consisting of 5 colonies with equal strength and a queen of the same age. During the spring, bee colonies were fed sugar syrup into which we introduced probiotic products and/or essential oils. Counting of brood cells was performed at 7, 14 and 21 days during supplementary feeding. At the end of the additional feeding period, as well as during rapeseed, acacia and sunflower harvests, venom was collected using the BeeWhisper v.5.1 venom collector, model 2016. Regarding venom production, the best results were observed in the case of additional feedings with the products used. Batches using Colobiotic (2.2 g venom), Oregano essential oil (2.1 g venom) and Lacium (2.1 g venom) had the highest amounts of venom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

European catfish (Silurus glanis) plays an important role in aquaculture due to its fast growth rate, its resistance to different environmental conditions, its adaptability to different rearing systems and the high nutritional and qualitative properties of the meat. Studies by many researchers have proven that coriander (Coriandrum sativum) has beneficial biological effects in fish, but studies regarding its or other phyto-additives influence on the meat quality of European catfish are sparse. The current study aimed to evaluate the influence of coriander seeds powder as phytoadditive (2 and 4%) in dry food pellets given to the European catfish, on chemical composition of its muscle. The coriander seed powder was administered 14 weeks in fish feed in two trials in duplicate: 2% and 4% to one-year-old European catfish. Three hundred fish were randomly selected and stocked into 6 tanks, 50 fish per tank. At the end of the experiment, 5 fish were collected from each tank, euthanized and used for the evaluation of the muscle quality. A piece of epaxial muscle from the highest part of the body was sampled, and subjected to the assessment of the crude protein and fat content, ash and moisture. The results revealed that coriander do not have a significant influence on muscle quality in general, but led to a significant (p0.01) decrease of crude fat content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many terrestrial ecosystems, the Apis mellifera species played an essential role, being one of the most beneficial insects worldwide. Bee venom (BV) has the role of protecting the bee colony from predators. Among the pharmacological activities of BV are: antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimutagenic, radioprotective and even antiviral activity. The manifestation of the therapeutic potential is due to the bioactive compounds of BV, the main ones being melittin, phospholipase A2 and apamin, but hyaluronidase, mast cell degranulation peptide and secapin are also relevant for bioactivity. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the biotechnological potential, but also the applicability in the medical field as alternative methods to the use of antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fish meat has very high water content, a very low content of connective tissue but has high digestibility. Raw fish is a very perishable food because it has all substances necessary for the development of microorganisms. Fish meat lipids are also very sensitive because they oxidize very quickly during storage. The aim of our research was to examine the influence of garlic extract and packaging methods on the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), thiobarbituric acid content and pH value in fish fillets during storage at low temperatures. 48 fillets of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were studied. The fish fillets were randomly assigned to four batches of 12 samples each (C-control and experimental batches E1, E2 and E3) and marinated in a solution with garlic extract in proportion of 0‰ (C), 3‰ (E1), 6‰ (E2) and 9‰ for 12 hours. For each batch, six fillets were individually vacuum packed and six fillets were individually packed in plastic boxes. The samples were stored in the refrigerator at a temperature of 0...+4°C for six days. The studied parameters were determined after marinating, on the 1st, 3rd and 6th day of storage. The raw data obtained was processed by biostatistical methods using the One-Way Anova test, including the Tukey HSD test of the SPPS Statistics application. In the storage period, the amount of TBA increased progressively at each stage of the examination (30 min., 1, 3 and 6 days, respectively), and the amounts in the control samples were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) than those in the E1, E2 and E3 samples. Also, the lowest values after 6 days of refrigeration were recorded in the marinated samples and vaccum packed. The lower values recorded in marinated samples were influnced by the antioxidant effect of the garlic extract used. Regarding the TBA amount in fish and fish products, the admissibility limit recommended for the consumer is 2.0 mg MDA/kg, and in our case the values have been much lower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apiculture products are natural substances secreted or produced by bees, which can be used in aquaculture through food, intramuscular administration or direct in water, in order to improve health due to the antioxidant, antifungal and antimicrobial effect that these products have and also improve growth and reproductive performance of the fish species of economic interest. In this review, we aim to highlight the main studies conducted so far on the use of bee products in aquaculture in order to be able to present an overview of this topic of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of the organoleptic analysis of honey after feeding colonies with sugar syrup with addition of essential oils. The honey samples were collected from the Murani apiary, Timis County, between 29.03.2021 - 10.05.2021, totalling a number of 135 samples. These were classified into samples collected before the administration of the sugar syrup with essential oil, samples collected after the administration of the syrup with the addition of essential oil and samples collected after the rapeseed harvest. In the sugar syrup administered to colonies, the following essential oils were used: essential oil of thyme, rosemary, basil, mint, juniper, oregano, cloves, cinnamon. The honey samples were transported, stored and processed in appropriate conditions. The organoleptic evaluation was performed in terms of taste, smell, consistency, appearance and colour. Results with improvement effects were recorded by the essential oils used, in terms of the sensory characteristics analysed, compared to the control variant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Varroa destructor is a parasite that affects all stages of development of the bee colony, and currently represents one of the greatest dangers in the loss of colonies worldwide. Currently, different types of treatments have been researched and administered, both synthetic products and based on natural substances. As a result, in this study, we made a comparison between the effectiveness of two natural treatments. As a result, in this study we made a comparison between the effectiveness of two natural treatments (Thymo Varo San and Herba Strip) compared to the same number of synthetic treatments (Varachet Forte and Scabatox), all of which are used by beekeepers to control bee infestation with the mite Varroa destructor. The experiment was carried out in August 2021 in Caransebeş, Romania, on a number of 40 bee colonies, distributed in batches of 10 colonies for each treatment used. The results were evaluated at an interval of 1 day, respectively 7 days after administration, and the best results were recorded in the case of the treatment with Thymo Varo San. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is a global phenomenon, driven by industrialization and deforestation, which over time has led to a reduction in the ozone layer and an increase in carbon dioxide. These have led to changes in the integrity of the ecosystem and biodiversity, affecting bee colonies as well. Temperature and humidity play an important role in the secretion of nectar in honey plants, while also influencing the feeding behavior of bee colonies. The study follows the evolution of the meteorological factors mentioned, in the period 2017-2021, during the production harvests of rapeseed, acacia, linden and sunflower, in April, May, June and July. During the analyzed period, statistically significant differences were registered for the analyzed factors compared to their average (p <0.05), with negative influences on the nectar secretion and implicitly on the capitalization of the harvests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The productivity of bee colonies is strongly influenced by genetics and age of the queen, by health status of bee colonies, the honey potential of the area where they are maintained, but also by the meteorological factors that condition the capitalization of the honey source. Scientific research in beekeeping, carried out in recent years, has been aimed at improving the genetics of existing biological material in order to improve productive performance and disease resistance, but also to use technological measures of maintenance to achieve these objectives. The use of essential oils as a technological measure in the stimulation of bee colonies has shown favorable effects on the prolificacy of the queen (essential oils of thyme, basil, oregano, mint, rosemary, juniper), improvement of the health of bees (essential oils of juniper, thyme, basil, oregano, cinnamon) correlated with the increase in honey production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mixing bee semen is a necessary step in collecting the genetic structure from individuals with high production values, a method that serves with great success the intention of a very closed, intense and long-term selection program. Whether we talk about the technique of mechanical-gentle homogenization, more recently proposed, or the one by centrifugation, the use of diluents or extensions for the seminal material of the species Apis mellifera can significantly influence the results of instrumental insemination. The study looked at the influence of the use of diluents in relation to the adhesion, viability, mobility and density of sperm stored in the sperm deposit. The results indicate that the choice of diluent has a relative effect on optimizing the sperm mixing procedure and instrumental insemination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over time, studies have shown that the natural methods used in the control and spread of bee diseases are effective, which develops a continuous interest in discovering new alternatives in this regard. Essential oils have been tested in bee colonies for the purpose of preventing or combating pathogens. The inhibitory effect of the essential oils is given by the content in citral and geraniol, as well as the benzene content in the composition of the essential oil of cinnamon. Recent findings show that the use of essential oils can improve the health of bee families. Essential oils include a series of antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic compounds from plants that play a role in reducing bacterial resistance. Natural antibiotics based on essential oils can be alternatives to chemically synthesized antibiotics, as they do not contaminate the bee products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The climate changes of recent years are affecting the foraging behaviour of bee colonies. We present correlations found between flight time of foraging worker bees, the quantity of food material harvested expressed in terms of hive weight, and meteorological factors (temperature and humidity). Bee colonies were monitored hourly throughout each 24 hour period using the BeeWatch Professional recording system. Monitoring was carried out during the oilseed rape (Brassica napus oleifera) collection period over a 13 day interval in 2018 and 2019. Results show positive correlations statistically significant (p<0.01) between flight time of foraging workers and temperature. The influence of humidity on flight time shows a negative correlation at the same level of significance (p<0.01). Hive weight is postively correlated with a mean temperature of 20.7°C and negatively with a mean humidity of 65%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers have been conducted in the Timis River, which springs from the Semenic Mountains, in the western part of Romania. On its course on Romania's territory were established 6 sampling stations (Accumulation Three waters-Feneşti Confluence, Teregova, Lugoj-CFR Bridge, Lugoj-Timişana Confluence, Şag and Grăniceri) where analyzes were made of the chemical composition of the water. Analysis of the results showed an increase from upstream to downstream of 5 days-biochemical oxygen demand (B.O.D.5) (from 1.75 to 3.66 mg/l), also the accumulation of nitrates (from 1.53 to 3.08 mg/l), nitrites (from 0.01 to 0.10 mg/l), chloride (from 2.50 to 8.51 mg/l) and water hardness (from 1.12 to 6.02 dH°). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Results are presented showing the antimicrobial effects of bee venom, pollen, propolis and honeys (of thyme, oil-seed rape, acacia and lime) against a selection pathogenic bacteria and Candida albicans. Bee venom was found to show the strongest antimicrobial activity against all species. In the case of Staphylococcus aureus the inhibition zone for colony growth was even greater than the control antibiotic used for comparison (cefuroxin). The strains of bacteria studied showed sensitivity to propolis extract, the greatest growth inhibition being observed for Staphylococcus aureus. Pollen was found to exert a large antimicrobial effect, as evidenced by a large growth inhibition zone, on Pseudomonas aerugnosia. Lime flower honey showed moderate inhibitory effects on the growth of Staphylococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus and was the most potent of the honeys studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Essential oils obtained from medicinal and aromatic plants, due to their bioactive principles, represent an important pharmaceutical source for human and animals. The objective of this paperwork was to determine the effect of the addition in supplementary feeding of bee colonies of oregano and basil essential oils. The bee colonies fed, during spring, on sugar syrup and essential oils presented a better development, recording a number of bee brood cells that was bigger than in the control variant. At the same time, we observed a significant reduction in the total number of germs within the small intestine in the case of supplementation with these essential oils, correlated with the improvement of health status of bee colonies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effect of essential oils individually administered in broiler feed on the bio productive performance in each growing period. The broilers were raised according to the ROSS 2014 Growth Guide in three experimental periods, namely: hatching - 10 days, 11 days-21 days, 22-35 days. The chickens were divided into 9 experimental groups, 3 replicates each and 10 chickens per replication. Oils were incorporated into compound feed on a support of sunflower oil. The offspring in the experimental T0 group received unleavened compound feed. Chickens from T1 and T2 were fed with a combined feed in which the incorporated essential oil was oregano 125 or 250 ppm in combined feed, those in T3 and T4 consumed aniseed feed at the same doses, T7 and T8 a feed combined with fennel, and those in T9 and T10 were treated with a feed mixed with Black cumin in the same amount. In the first growth period it was found that the highest body weight was recorded at T2 (259.9 g) and also the smallest feed conversion index was recorded in this group. In the 11-21 day period T2 recorded both the highest body weight (914.80g) and the lowest feed conversion index (1.293). In the period 22-35 days, the highest body weight was recorded at T2 (2159.80) and the lowest conversion index of food at T2 (1.599). In the last growth period, namely 35-42 days, the highest body weight was recorded at T1 (2759.20) and the lowest FCR at T2 (1.948). It can be concluded that the individual administration of essential oils (Aetheroleum Origanum vulgare L.) influences the bio productive performances of the broilers causing an improvement in them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was carried out on 160 working bees, belonging to the Apis mellifera carpatica breed, taken from 4 apiaries from Timiş County (BUASMVT apiary), 2 apiaries from Caraş-Severin County (Secu, Reşiţa) and one apiary from Arad County. The measurements were performed at the Department for Apiculture and Sericiculture in the period 15.05.2017 - 15.06.2017, with the help of the stereomicroscope with digital camera. The bees are characterized by the following morphological indices: proboscis length ranges between 5.862 mm and 6.580 mm, the anterior wing length ranges between the limits 8.5875-9.1075 mm, and the width of the anterior wing is 2.650-3.0550; the length of the posterior wing is between 6.0650 mm and 6.3450 mm, and the width of the posterior wing is 1.7175 mm - 2.00 mm. The femur length is comprised within 2.99 mm and 3.40 mm; shin length is 2.14 - 2.81 mm, and the width is 0.7225 - 0.810 mm. Metatarsal length is 1.6950 mm - 2.0950 mm, and the width is 0.7375 - 0.91 mm. Tarsus length, in the bees taken from the 4 apiaries, was comprised within 1.52 mm and 1.77 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents the results of hibernation of bee colonies maintained in multi-storied beehives endowed with anti-varroa ground, made of wood and polystyrene Dadant. The experiments were carried out Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael the I st" from Timişoara, Romania, between the 1 st of November 2016 and 1 st of March 2017. The biological material was represented by 20 Apis mellifera carpatica bee colonies, divided in two experimental variants, 10 colonies/batch, with similar power and same-age queens. During the experiment, we observed the bee amount at the start of hibernation; the bee amount at the end of hibernation; the evolution of feed intake and losses caused by mortality. At the end of the experiment, we determined a bigger bee amount in the polystyrene Dadant beehives, significantly lower losses caused by mortality from a statistical point of view (p<0.001) and lower feed intake with 12.04% compared with the bee families maintained in the wooden multi-storied beehives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biological potential of a bee family is mainly generated by the biological value of the queen. Whether we grow queens widely or just for our own apiaries, we must consider the acquisition of high-quality biological material, and also the creation of optimal feeding and caring conditions, in order to obtain high genetic value queens. Queen breeding technology starts with the setting of hoeing families, nurse families, drone-breeding families - necessary for the pairing of young queens, and also of the families which will provide the bees used to populate the nuclei where the next queens will hatch. The complex of requirements for the breeding of good, high-production queens is sometimes hard to met, under the application of artificial methods. The selection of breeding method must rely on all these requirements and on the beekeeper's level of training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to carry out the experiment, we made 5 hybrid rabbit groups (each one consisted of 5 individuals), homogenous in terms of age and body development, bred in cages of wire gauze. The control group was offered simple drinking water, and the other groups were offered drinking water supplemented with extracts of horseradish, dog-rose, French tamarisk and grape seeds. In each cage, we placed a stainless steel feeder for the administration of granulated forage and a plastic water supplier (300 ml capacity). During the experiment, we determined the granulated forage intake (150 g/individual/day) and the weekly body mass (between 35-105 days). At the end of the experiment, the biggest mean body mass was observed in the young rabbits that used to drink water with horseradish extract (3172±377 g), followed by those with French tamarisk (3046±162 g), dog-rose (2949±366 g) and finally by the rabbits that drank grape extract (2888±250 g). Along the 10 experimental weeks, the control group recorded significant differences (p<0.05) and distinctly significant (p<0.01) inferior to the experimental groups which were offered extracts of dog-rose, French tamarisk, horseradish and grapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To ease the shock of weaning, the young hybrid rabbits were held between the ages of 30 days and 37 days in a farrowing cage and than they were transferred inside growing pens (148/123 cm), where they remained until slaughter. Before slaughter, youth has undergone a finishing process. Youth received treatment with vitamins, coccidiostatics and specific vaccinations. The finishing process began when youth Hybrid reached a body mass of 1700-1900 g and consisted of removal of the ration of grain and vitamins. Youth hybrid was slaughtered to a body weight of 2500 g, weight being achieved between the ages of 107-142 days. Youth consumed between 140.86 to 663.50 g / day juicy fodder, from 806.14 to 1225.82 g / day bulky and concentrated feed. Carcasses of youth hybrid weighed between 1596.70 to 1886.40 g. Slaughter yield ranged from 50.25 to 68.67%. The average price on carcass in young hybrid rabbits, calculated at a price of 17 lei/kg carcass, ranged from 27.10 to 33.40 lei / carcass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the experiment consisted in using 5 females hybrid which have been mated with 3 male pure-bred. Each couple was monitored for pup and mother body weight and also the consumption of succulent feed, bulky and concentrated. Both parents and offspring were kept in cages made of wood and wire mesh. Under the cages there was a tray of galvanized steel sheet for collecting manure. During the experiment, female New Zealand and the Californian Red hybrid have given birth 4 times, producing 43 cubs (cubs 10.75/birth) and 31 cubs (cubs 7.75/birth). The other 3 females gave birth only once a year. All pups survived until weaning (30 days). Weaned cubs from female New Zealand Red hybrid at time of weaning had a mean body mass of between 341.20 to 602.20 g/cubs, and those from female Californian hybrid were between 374.00 to 803.33 g/cub. At weaning, cubs from female Chinchilla Mare hybrid weighed on average 546.75 g/cub, the ones from the French hybrid female Great Silver weighed 433.00 g/cub, and those from the New Zealand Red primiparous female hybrid weighed784.00 g/weaned cubs. Between the 11th and the 30th day of lactation, most females have lost body weight, the highest being 489.00 g/lactating female. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of the main body mass indices in the Giant German Lop breed was performed between 6.06.2014 and 10.06.2014 in a rabbitry from Dinia? town, Timi? County. The biological material was represented by 16 adult rabbit females and 10 adult males, with the average body weight of 7 kg, raised in semi-intensive system. There have been performed the following body measurements: oblique and horizontal length of the trunk, the length of thorax, the length of head, the length of ears, of neck, and of tail, the height at withers and rump, the height of thorax and stern, the width of chest, of thorax, of rump at hip and ischia, the wide width of forehead, the thoracic circumference and the circumference of shin. Giant German Lop males have registered higher values in the body size index, in the pelvic-thoracic index, and in the rump angle index compared to females from the same breed, which have registered higher values in the index of transverse body size, in the index of massiveness, in the pelvic-thoracic index, and in the cephalic index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nosema, a parasitic disease that affects adult honey bees, has a directly correlation with the losses of bee colonies, until to depopulation. The target of our study was to determine the antinosema action of an apifitoterapeutic formula that was obtained in an earlier phase of our researches. In the present study, we have had two experiences (F and N) formed by clinically healthy bees. The experimental bees have received, in vitro, naturally infested honey (7 spores by Nosema spp / field). The first experience (F, I-IX groups) was treated with apifitoterapeutic formula (10 ml/ honey kg), for 10 days (from T1 to T2 moment), while the second experience (N, with X-XVIII groups) was infested with naturally infested honey, for 20 days (from T1 to T2 moment). The first experience (F) showed 22% positive diagnosed bees, while the second experience (N) showed 89% positive diagnosed bees. In the first experience, the infestation degree was very weak (group I) and weak (group III), while the other groups were negative. The antiparasitic formula has showed, in laboratory conditions, a positive impact on experimental honey bees, with an efficiency over 78%. In the further, testing prophylactically and therapeutically will be conducted on bee families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this study was to determine the parameters of biological indexes of Bombyx mori L. spawning in order to obtain adequate larvae for experimental breeding using MSF (Familial Sericulture Modulus). The biological material used for experiments contained the pure breeds AB (Alb Băneasa), B1 (Băneasa 1), AC (Alb de Cislău), AC29 (Alb chinezesc, line 29), AC29/T (Alb Chinezesc), AC/T (Alb de Cislău), RG90, IBV, S8, AJ5/F, C127, AJ17, C108/T, AO/T and the hybrids B1xAC, ACxB1, ABxAC29, AC29xAB, ACxAB, ABxAC, ABxB1, B1xAB. For each pure breed and hybrid the number of eggs/spawning, the number of hatching eggs, the hatching percent (%) and the number of non-hatching eggs were determined. The analysis of these indexes was done in three consecutive years, and the averages and spread parameters, as well as variability coefficients (V%) were calculated for each breed and hybrid. The obtained values of biological indexes of spawning were compared with those reported in autochthonous and foreign literature. The main conclusions of our study are that the autochthonous breeds and hybrids values are according to the values published by other researchers and correspond for the experimental breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plasma testosterone determinations were performed on 19 silver fox males (Vulpes fulva) and 19 polar fox males (Alopex lagopus) that were coming from the farm. The concentration of testosterone was performed on prepubertal males (0-10 months), during the sexual period and the period of sexual rest. For quantitative determination of the testosterone, some systems were used like the VITROS system ECi/ECi O2, the immunological diagnostic system VITROS 3600 and the integrated system VITROS 5600. In both species, the plasma concentration was maximal at the males in the period of sexual activity (1.56±0.23 ng/ml at the polar fox and 1.46±0.23ng/ml at the silver fox) and minimal in males between the age 0-10 months (0.22±0.01 ng / ml at the polar foxes and 0.20±0.01 ng/ml at the silver foxes).The adult males that were in the sexual rest period showed low testosterone levels (0.25±0.02 ng/ml at the polar foxes and 0.22±0.02 ng/ml at the silver foxes). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The histological studies of the male genital apparatus of the Chinchilla Laniger are scares and incomplete. Due to the studies done on the male genital apparatus of Chinchilla Laniger it has been determined that the seminiferous tubes are separated by large conjunctive septum; the seminiferous epithelium varies from one tissue to another, aspect that suggests different stages in the spermatogenesis process. The epididymis channel is made up of pseudo-layered epithelium, a reduced lamina propria and a delicate muscular layer. The deferent channel wall is made up of three tunics: mucous, muscular and adventitia. The muscular tunic is the most developed part and is made up of three super posed layers of even smooth muscle cell. The histological sections done on the pelvic urethra reveals the following components: mucous, vascular layer, muscular and adventitia. The transversal sections done on the free extremity of the penis reveal the presence of the foreskin made up of three layers: tegument or external, parietal or visceral. The vesicular glands (seminal) have an intestine shaped aspect and are sustained by their own ligament, richly vascularised. The transversal section reveals a tubular aspect, the wall of these tubes is made up of: mucous, muscular and adventitia. The prostate is made up of an external part and an internal part, and is covered in a thick conjunctive-muscular capsule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

No detailed histological study of the segments of the digestive tract and of the post-diaphragmatic annex glands of Chinchilla laniger is available in the literature, to our knowledge. The study presented draws attention to the morphological characteristics of the digestive tract and their involvement in the digestive process, with important implications for the composition of formula diets. Histological study of the digestive tract and annex glands (liver and pancreas) of Chinchilla laniger shows no major differences from other mammals. The walls of the oesophagus, stomach and intestine are composed of four layers: the mucosa, sub-mucosa, muscularis mucosa and serosa (the fourth layer of the oesophagus being called the adventitia). A noteworthy feature of the species is the generous development of the caecum in proportion to body size, a characteristic shared with other rodent species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of supplemental feedings use applied to honey bee colonies in spring. The experiments were carried out in Harau locality, Hunedoara County, between April 10th 2012 and May 1st 2012 (Romania), on 30 Apis meliffera honey bee families divided into three experimental variants. To ensure a best development and to improve the honey bee colonies state of health, they were given a stimulation feeding containing sugar syrup with medicinal plants supplements (underbrush, horse radish and ginger). During the experimental period, there were being studied the quantity of broods at the beginning of the experiment, and then every week for three weeks. At the end of the experiment, the results showed that the honey bee colonies fed with sugar syrup containing underbrush extract associated with horse radish and ginger extracts registered with 5.01-9.64% more broods compared to the control group only fed with sugar syrup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spring stimulation feeding of honeybee colonies (Apis mellifera carpatica) is a very important technique for the encouragement of productive foraging. In addition to improving bee health by creating favorable conditions for the development of a beneficial intestinal bacterial flora, the use of prebiotic and probiotic supplements in the feed promotes good colony development, thus increasing the forager population. This paper presents the results for the economic benefit measured following use of supplements with acidifying substances (acetic and lactic acids) and probiotic products (Enterobiotics and Enterolactis Plus), as well as the synergism between them. A total of 110 bee colonies were studied, being fed with sugar syrup (1.4 L/colony weekly) between 25 March and 15 April, supplemented according to a controlled schedule. On 20 April the bees were transferred to a rapeseed field for foraging, and then at the beginning of May they were transferred elsewhere for acacia foraging. Honey production was measured for each experimental variant after each foraging period. Colonies fed with sugar syrup containing prebiotic and probiotic supplements registered higher honey production levels and showed a higher profit (ranging from +14.67% to +45.49%) in comparison with the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of supplemental feedings use applied to honey bee colonies in autumn. The experiments were carried out between August 20th 2011 and July 2012, in Berini locality, Timis County (Romania), on 32 Apis meliffera honey bee colonies, divided into four experimental variants. Honey bee families were fed in order to supplement the honey food reserves with sugar syrup containing medicinal plants, or with APIMERA product. During the experimental period, there were being studied the number of brood combs after hibernation, the quantity of broods at the beginning of spring, as well as the quantity of honey and pollen obtained by the studied bee colonies. The best results regarding the development of honey bee colonies in spring were obtained in honey bee colonies for which food reserves have been supplemented with honey combs, followed by the bee colonies fed with sugar syrup containing medicinal plants supplements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the effects of acidifying substances (lactic acid or acetic acid), Enterobiotics products (Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-14 and Bifidobacterium lactis BI-04) and Enterolactis Plus (Lactobacillus casei) on the wax glands of worker bees. The research was conducted in Timis County, Romania, between March 25 and April 20, 2011, on 110 colonies of bees (Apis mellifera carpatica), allocated to 11 experimental treatment groups. Colonies in the experimental groups were given three weekly feeds of sugar syrup supplemented with acidifying substances (lactic acid or cider vinegar) and/or probiotic products (Enterobiotics or Enterolactis Plus). Three weeks after the administration of the experimental diets, 10 worker bees from each treatment group were sampled for histological examination of their wax glands. Gland development was shown to be influenced by administration of prebiotic and/or probiotic supplements. Wax gland cell sizes ranged from 25.1 microns for the control group to between 27.8 and 31.8 microns in the group fed with acidifying substances and between 26.9 and 29.2 microns in bees fed with probiotic products. Bees supplemented with both lactic acid and probiotic product (group LE9 and LE10) showed mean wax cell sizes of 31.8 microns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents the results of the morphological measurements performed on working bees originating in 6 apiaries located in Caras-Severin and Timis Counties. The experiments were carried out during 15.08.2009- 15.09.2009, on 412 bees belonging to the species Apis mellifica carpatica. During the experiment, we performed the following determinations: proboscis length, anterior wing length and width, posterior wing length and width, tibia length, tarsus length and we calculated the tarsal, cubital and radial indices. Successive to the statistical interpretation, we observed that the bees originating in the apiaries from Caras-Severin recorded bigger values in most parameters studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we tested the resistance of bee families to young bee diseases. The researches were carried out in two apiaries from Timişoara and Comoraste, Caras-Severin County. The biological material was consisted of 10 bee families belonging to the species Apis mellifica carpatica, distributed in two experimental variants of 5 families, with almost equal power. During this experiment, we assessed the degree of cleaning and removing of the young bees that died of freezing. Successive to the researches performed, in all the three controls we observed significant differences, from a statistical viewpoint (p<0.05) between the two experimental variants, regarding the number of cells with removed dead young bees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The studies on coypu behaviour are applied in the development of knowledge regarding ethology, in the coypu-breeding technology, animal welfare and, at the moment, they present great importance for animal protection. The biological material studied was consisted of health adult coypus, belonging to the variety Golden Standard with a similar body mass. The indices supervised were: feeding behaviour duration if coypus are fed with barley and carrots according to gender and time slot, the duration of one feeding sequence according to forage consumed and gender and the number of feeding sequences according to forage consumed and gender. For realising the purposed aim, each coypu was monitorized (video), individually, 24 hours a day. The duration of feeding behaviour when coypus are fed with barley and carrots was 4507.88±38.99 seconds for males (5.21% of the behavioural manifestations), and for coypu females, the duration of feeding behaviour was 4576.63±26.01 seconds (5.29% of the behavioural manifestations). The most intense manifestations of the feeding behaviour took place in the time slots 08:00-14:00 and 14:00-20:00, and the lowest intensity of the feeding behaviour manifestations took place in the time slot 02:00- 08:00. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowing the behaviour of one species, with interest in animal husbandry science represent a compulsory necessity for the development and improvement of the breeding and exploiting technology for this species. The studies on coypus behaviour are applied in the development of knowledge regarding ethology, coypu breeding technology, animal welfare and, at the moment, this present great importance for animal protection. The biological material studied was consisted of adult coypus, belonging to the variety Golden Standard. The supervised indices were: feeding behaviour duration if coypus are fed with maize grain and fodder beet according to gender and time slot, the duration of one feeding sequence according to forage consumed, gender and time slot and the number of feeding sequences according to forage consumed, gender and time slot. For realising the purposed aim, each coypu was monitorized (video), individually, 24 hours a day. The duration of feeding behaviour when coypus are fed with maize grain and fodder beet was 4921.63±472.64 seconds for males (5.69% of the behaviour al manifestations), and for coypu females, the duration of feeding behaviour was 5450.00±297.94 seconds (6.30% of the behaviour al manifestations). The most intense manifestations of the feeding behaviour occurred in the time slot 08:00-14:00, and the lowest intensity of the feeding behaviour manifestations occurred in the time slot 02:00-08:00. The average total number of males feeding sequences if coypus are fed with maize grain and fodder beet was 51.63 ± 5.54 sequences and the average total number of females feeding sequences was 56.38 ± 2.48 sequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]