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4. Tracking of marine predators to protect Southern Ocean ecosystems

Author

Hindell, Mark A, Reisinger, Ryan R, Ropert-Coudert, Yan, Hückstädt, Luis A, Trathan, Philip N, Bornemann, Horst, Charrassin, Jean-Benoît, Chown, Steven L, Costa, Daniel P, Danis, Bruno, Lea, Mary-Anne, Thompson, David, Torres, Leigh G, Van de Putte, Anton P, Alderman, Rachael, Andrews-Goff, Virginia, Arthur, Ben, Ballard, Grant, Bengtson, John, Bester, Marthán N, Blix, Arnoldus Schytte, Boehme, Lars, Bost, Charles-André, Boveng, Peter, Cleeland, Jaimie, Constantine, Rochelle, Corney, Stuart, Crawford, Robert JM, Dalla Rosa, Luciano, de Bruyn, PJ Nico, Delord, Karine, Descamps, Sébastien, Double, Mike, Emmerson, Louise, Fedak, Mike, Friedlaender, Ari, Gales, Nick, Goebel, Michael E, Goetz, Kimberly T, Guinet, Christophe, Goldsworthy, Simon D, Harcourt, Rob, Hinke, Jefferson T, Jerosch, Kerstin, Kato, Akiko, Kerry, Knowles R, Kirkwood, Roger, Kooyman, Gerald L, Kovacs, Kit M, Lawton, Kieran, Lowther, Andrew D, Lydersen, Christian, Lyver, Phil O’B, Makhado, Azwianewi B, Márquez, Maria EI, McDonald, Birgitte I, McMahon, Clive R, Muelbert, Monica, Nachtsheim, Dominik, Nicholls, Keith W, Nordøy, Erling S, Olmastroni, Silvia, Phillips, Richard A, Pistorius, Pierre, Plötz, Joachim, Pütz, Klemens, Ratcliffe, Norman, Ryan, Peter G, Santos, Mercedes, Southwell, Colin, Staniland, Iain, Takahashi, Akinori, Tarroux, Arnaud, Trivelpiece, Wayne, Wakefield, Ewan, Weimerskirch, Henri, Wienecke, Barbara, Xavier, José C, Wotherspoon, Simon, Jonsen, Ian D, and Raymond, Ben

Subjects
Life Below Water, Climate Action, Animal Identification Systems, Animals, Antarctic Regions, Aquatic Organisms, Biodiversity, Birds, Climate Change, Conservation of Natural Resources, Ecosystem, Fishes, Food Chain, Ice Cover, Mammals, Oceans and Seas, Population Dynamics, Predatory Behavior, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Southern Ocean ecosystems are under pressure from resource exploitation and climate change1,2. Mitigation requires the identification and protection of Areas of Ecological Significance (AESs), which have so far not been determined at the ocean-basin scale. Here, using assemblage-level tracking of marine predators, we identify AESs for this globally important region and assess current threats and protection levels. Integration of more than 4,000 tracks from 17 bird and mammal species reveals AESs around sub-Antarctic islands in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and over the Antarctic continental shelf. Fishing pressure is disproportionately concentrated inside AESs, and climate change over the next century is predicted to impose pressure on these areas, particularly around the Antarctic continent. At present, 7.1% of the ocean south of 40°S is under formal protection, including 29% of the total AESs. The establishment and regular revision of networks of protection that encompass AESs are needed to provide long-term mitigation of growing pressures on Southern Ocean ecosystems.

Published
2020

5. The retrospective analysis of Antarctic tracking data project.

Author

Ropert-Coudert, Yan, Van de Putte, Anton P, Reisinger, Ryan R, Bornemann, Horst, Charrassin, Jean-Benoît, Costa, Daniel P, Danis, Bruno, Hückstädt, Luis A, Jonsen, Ian D, Lea, Mary-Anne, Thompson, David, Torres, Leigh G, Trathan, Philip N, Wotherspoon, Simon, Ainley, David G, Alderman, Rachael, Andrews-Goff, Virginia, Arthur, Ben, Ballard, Grant, Bengtson, John, Bester, Marthán N, Blix, Arnoldus Schytte, Boehme, Lars, Bost, Charles-André, Boveng, Peter, Cleeland, Jaimie, Constantine, Rochelle, Crawford, Robert JM, Dalla Rosa, Luciano, Nico de Bruyn, PJ, Delord, Karine, Descamps, Sébastien, Double, Mike, Emmerson, Louise, Fedak, Mike, Friedlaender, Ari, Gales, Nick, Goebel, Mike, Goetz, Kimberly T, Guinet, Christophe, Goldsworthy, Simon D, Harcourt, Rob, Hinke, Jefferson T, Jerosch, Kerstin, Kato, Akiko, Kerry, Knowles R, Kirkwood, Roger, Kooyman, Gerald L, Kovacs, Kit M, Lawton, Kieran, Lowther, Andrew D, Lydersen, Christian, Lyver, Phil O'B, Makhado, Azwianewi B, Márquez, Maria EI, McDonald, Birgitte I, McMahon, Clive R, Muelbert, Monica, Nachtsheim, Dominik, Nicholls, Keith W, Nordøy, Erling S, Olmastroni, Silvia, Phillips, Richard A, Pistorius, Pierre, Plötz, Joachim, Pütz, Klemens, Ratcliffe, Norman, Ryan, Peter G, Santos, Mercedes, Southwell, Colin, Staniland, Iain, Takahashi, Akinori, Tarroux, Arnaud, Trivelpiece, Wayne, Wakefield, Ewan, Weimerskirch, Henri, Wienecke, Barbara, Xavier, José C, Raymond, Ben, and Hindell, Mark A

Abstract

The Retrospective Analysis of Antarctic Tracking Data (RAATD) is a Scientific Committee for Antarctic Research project led jointly by the Expert Groups on Birds and Marine Mammals and Antarctic Biodiversity Informatics, and endorsed by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. RAATD consolidated tracking data for multiple species of Antarctic meso- and top-predators to identify Areas of Ecological Significance. These datasets and accompanying syntheses provide a greater understanding of fundamental ecosystem processes in the Southern Ocean, support modelling of predator distributions under future climate scenarios and create inputs that can be incorporated into decision making processes by management authorities. In this data paper, we present the compiled tracking data from research groups that have worked in the Antarctic since the 1990s. The data are publicly available through biodiversity.aq and the Ocean Biogeographic Information System. The archive includes tracking data from over 70 contributors across 12 national Antarctic programs, and includes data from 17 predator species, 4060 individual animals, and over 2.9 million observed locations.

Published
2020

6. Overlap between marine predators and proposed Marine Managed Areas on the Patagonian Shelf

Author

Baylis, Alastair M. M., de Lecea, Ander M., Tierney, Megan, Orben, Rachael A., Ratcliffe, Norman, Wakefield, Ewan, Catry, Paulo, Campioni, Letizia, Costa, Marina, Boersma, P. Dee, Galimberti, Filippo, Granadeiro, José P., Masello, Juan F., Pütz, KLEMENS, Quillfeldt, Petra, Rebstock, Ginger A., Sanvito, Simona, Staniland, Iain J., and Brickle, Paul

Published
2021

7. Taxonomy based on limited genomic markers may underestimate species diversity of rockhopper penguins and threaten their conservation

Author

Frugone, María José, Cole, Theresa L., López, María Eugenia, Clucas, Gemma, Matos-Maraví, Pável, Lois, Nicolás A., Pistorius, Pierre, Bonadonna, Francesco, Trathan, Phil, Polanowski, Andrea, Wienecke, Barbara, Raya-Rey, Andrea, Pütz, Klemens, Steinfurth, Antje, Bi, Ke, Wang-Claypool, Cynthia Y., Waters, Jonathan M., Bowie, Rauri C. K., Poulin, Elie, and Vianna, Juliana A.

Published
2021

14. Spatial scales of marine conservation management for breeding seabirds

Author

Oppel, Steffen, Bolton, Mark, Carneiro, Ana P.B., Dias, Maria P., Green, Jonathan A., Masello, Juan F., Phillips, Richard A., Owen, Ellie, Quillfeldt, Petra, Beard, Annalea, Bertrand, Sophie, Blackburn, Jez, Boersma, P. Dee, Borges, Alder, Broderick, Annette C., Catry, Paulo, Cleasby, Ian, Clingham, Elizabeth, Creuwels, Jeroen, Crofts, Sarah, Cuthbert, Richard J., Dallmeijer, Hanneke, Davies, Delia, Davies, Rachel, Dilley, Ben J., Dinis, Herculano Andrade, Dossa, Justine, Dunn, Michael J., Efe, Marcio A., Fayet, Annette L., Figueiredo, Leila, Frederico, Adelcides Pereira, Gjerdrum, Carina, Godley, Brendan J., Granadeiro, José Pedro, Guilford, Tim, Hamer, Keith C., Hazin, Carolina, Hedd, April, Henry, Leeann, Hernández-Montero, Marcos, Hinke, Jefferson, Kokubun, Nobuo, Leat, Eliza, Tranquilla, Laura McFarlane, Metzger, Benjamin, Militão, Teresa, Montrond, Gilson, Mullié, Wim, Padget, Oliver, Pearmain, Elizabeth J., Pollet, Ingrid L., Pütz, Klemens, Quintana, Flavio, Ratcliffe, Norman, Ronconi, Robert A., Ryan, Peter G., Saldanha, Sarah, Shoji, Akiko, Sim, Jolene, Small, Cleo, Soanes, Louise, Takahashi, Akinori, Trathan, Phil, Trivelpiece, Wayne, Veen, Jan, Wakefield, Ewan, Weber, Nicola, Weber, Sam, Zango, Laura, Daunt, Francis, Ito, Motohiro, Harris, Michael P., Newell, Mark A., Wanless, Sarah, González-Solís, Jacob, and Croxall, John

Published
2018
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15. Framework for mapping key areas for marine megafauna to inform Marine Spatial Planning: The Falkland Islands case study

Author

Augé, Amélie A., Dias, Maria P., Lascelles, Ben, Baylis, Alastair M.M., Black, Andy, Boersma, P. Dee, Catry, Paulo, Crofts, Sarah, Galimberti, Filippo, Granadeiro, Jose Pedro, Hedd, April, Ludynia, Katrin, Masello, Juan F., Montevecchi, William, Phillips, Richard A., Pütz, Klemens, Quillfeldt, Petra, Rebstock, Ginger A., Sanvito, Simona, Staniland, Iain J., Stanworth, Andrew, Thompson, Dave, Tierney, Megan, Trathan, Philip N., and Croxall, John P.

Published
2018
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19. Potential for redistribution of post‐moult habitat for Eudyptes penguins in the Southern Ocean under future climate conditions

Author

Green, Cara‐Paige, Green, David B., Ratcliffe, Norman, Thompson, David, Lea, Mary‐Anne, Baylis, Alastair M. M., Bond, Alexander L., Bost, Charles‐André, Crofts, Sarah, Cuthbert, Richard J., González‐Solís, Jacob, Morrison, Kyle W., Poisblau, Maud, Pütz, Klemens, Rey, Andrea Raya, Ryan, Peter G., Sagar, Paul M., Steinfurth, Antje, Thiebot, Jean‐Baptiste, Tierney, Megan, Whitehead, T. Otto, Wotherspoon, Simon, Hindell, Mark A., Green, Cara‐Paige, Green, David B., Ratcliffe, Norman, Thompson, David, Lea, Mary‐Anne, Baylis, Alastair M. M., Bond, Alexander L., Bost, Charles‐André, Crofts, Sarah, Cuthbert, Richard J., González‐Solís, Jacob, Morrison, Kyle W., Poisblau, Maud, Pütz, Klemens, Rey, Andrea Raya, Ryan, Peter G., Sagar, Paul M., Steinfurth, Antje, Thiebot, Jean‐Baptiste, Tierney, Megan, Whitehead, T. Otto, Wotherspoon, Simon, and Hindell, Mark A.

Abstract

Anthropogenic climate change is resulting in spatial redistributions of many species. We assessed the potential effects of climate change on an abundant and widely distributed group of diving birds, Eudyptes penguins, which are the main avian consumers in the Southern Ocean in terms of biomass consumption. Despite their abundance, several of these species have undergone population declines over the past century, potentially due to changing oceanography and prey availability over the important winter months. We used light-based geolocation tracking data for 485 individuals deployed between 2006 – 2020 across 10 of the major breeding locations for five taxa of Eudyptes penguins. We used Boosted Regression Tree modelling to quantify post-moult habitat preference for southern rockhopper (E. chrysocome), eastern rockhopper (E. filholi), northern rockhopper (E. moseleyi) and macaroni/royal (E. chrysolophus and E. schlegeli) penguins. We then modelled their redistribution under two climate change scenarios, Representative Concentration Pathways RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 (for the end of the century, 2071 – 2100). As climate forcings differ regionally, we quantified redistribution in the Atlantic, Central Indian, East Indian, West Pacific, and East Pacific regions. We found sea surface temperature and sea surface height to be the most important predictors of current habitat for these penguins; physical features that are changing rapidly in the Southern Ocean. Our results indicated that the less severe RCP4.5 would lead to less habitat loss than the more severe RCP8.5. The five taxa of penguin may experience a general poleward redistribution of their preferred habitat, but with contrasting effects in the i) change in total area of preferred habitat under climate change ii) according to geographic region and iii) the species (macaroni/royal vs rockhopper populations). Our results provide further understanding on the regional impacts and vulnerability of species to climate change.

Published
2023

21. Important At-Sea Areas of Colonial Breeding Marine Predators on the Southern Patagonian Shelf

Author

Baylis, Alastair M. M., Tierney, Megan, Orben, Rachael A., Warwick-Evans, Victoria, Wakefield, Ewan, Grecian, W. James, Trathan, Phil, Reisinger, Ryan, Ratcliffe, Norman, Croxall, John, Campioni, Letizia, Catry, Paulo, Crofts, Sarah, Boersma, P. Dee, Galimberti, Filippo, Granadeiro, José P., Handley, Jonathan, Hayes, Sean, Hedd, April, Masello, Juan F., Montevecchi, William A., Pütz, Klemens, Quillfeldt, Petra, Rebstock, Ginger A., Sanvito, Simona, Staniland, Iain J., and Brickle, Paul

Published
2019
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22. Author Correction: Important At-Sea Areas of Colonial Breeding Marine Predators on the Southern Patagonian Shelf

Author

Baylis, Alastair M. M., Tierney, Megan, Orben, Rachael A., Warwick-Evans, Victoria, Wakefield, Ewan, Grecian, W. James, Trathan, Phil, Reisinger, Ryan, Ratcliffe, Norman, Croxall, John, Campioni, Letizia, Catry, Paulo, Crofts, Sarah, Boersma, P. Dee, Galimberti, Filippo, Granadeiro, José P., Handley, Jonathan, Hayes, Sean, Hedd, April, Masello, Juan F., Montevecchi, William A., Pütz, Klemens, Quillfeldt, Petra, Rebstock, Ginger A., Sanvito, Simona, Staniland, Iain J., and Brickle, Paul

Published
2019
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23. Accurate abundance estimation of cliff-breeding Bounty Island shags using drone-based 2D and 3D photogrammetry.

Author

Mattern, Thomas, Pütz, Klemens, Mattern, Hannah L., Houston, David M., Long, Robin, Keys, Bianca C., White, W., Ellenberg, Ursula, and Garcia-Borboroglu, Pablo

Abstract

Copyright of Avian Conservation & Ecology is the property of Resilience Alliance and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2023
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26. Potential for redistribution of post‐moult habitat for Eudyptes penguins in the Southern Ocean under future climate conditions

Author

Green, Cara‐Paige, primary, Green, David B., additional, Ratcliffe, Norman, additional, Thompson, David, additional, Lea, Mary‐Anne, additional, Baylis, Alastair M. M., additional, Bond, Alexander L., additional, Bost, Charles‐André, additional, Crofts, Sarah, additional, Cuthbert, Richard J., additional, González‐Solís, Jacob, additional, Morrison, Kyle W., additional, Poisbleau, Maud, additional, Pütz, Klemens, additional, Rey, Andrea Raya, additional, Ryan, Peter G., additional, Sagar, Paul M., additional, Steinfurth, Antje, additional, Thiebot, Jean‐Baptiste, additional, Tierney, Megan, additional, Whitehead, Thomas Otto, additional, Wotherspoon, Simon, additional, and Hindell, Mark A., additional

Published
2022
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28. The role of allochrony in influencing interspecific differences in foraging distribution during the non-breeding season between two congeneric crested penguin species

Author

Green, Cara-Paige, Ratcliffe, Norman, Mattern, Thomas, Thompson, David, Lea, Mary-Anne, Wotherspoon, Simon, Borboroglu, Pablo Garcia, Ellenberg, Ursula, Morrison, Kyle W., Pütz, Klemens, Sagar, Paul M., Seddon, Philip J., Torres, Leigh G., Hindell, Mark A., Green, Cara-Paige, Ratcliffe, Norman, Mattern, Thomas, Thompson, David, Lea, Mary-Anne, Wotherspoon, Simon, Borboroglu, Pablo Garcia, Ellenberg, Ursula, Morrison, Kyle W., Pütz, Klemens, Sagar, Paul M., Seddon, Philip J., Torres, Leigh G., and Hindell, Mark A.

Abstract

Mechanisms promoting coexistence between closely related species are fundamental for maintaining species diversity. Mechanisms of niche differentiation include allochrony which offsets the peak timing of resource utilisation between species. Many studies focus on spatial and temporal niche partitioning during the breeding season, few have investigated the role allochrony plays in influencing interspecific segregation of foraging distribution and ecology between congeneric species during the non-breeding season. We investigated the non-breeding migrations of Snares (Eudyptes robustus) and Fiordland penguins (Eudyptes pachyrhynchus), closely related species breeding between 100–350 km apart whose migration phenology differs by two months. Using light geolocation tracking, we examined the degree of overlap given the observed allochrony and a hypothetical scenario where the species commence migration simultaneously. We found that Fiordland penguins migrated to the Sub-Antarctic Frontal Zone and Polar Frontal Zone in the austral autumn whereas Snares penguins disperse westwards staying north of the Sub-Tropical Front in the austral winter. Our results suggest that allochrony is likely to be at the root of segregation because the relative profitability of the different water masses that the penguins forage in changes seasonally which results in the two species utilising different areas over their core non-breeding periods. Furthermore, allochrony reduces relatively higher levels of spatiotemporal overlap during the departure and arrival periods, when the close proximity of the two species’ colonies would cause the birds to congregate in similar areas, resulting in high interspecific competition just before the breeding season. Available evidence from other studies suggests that the shift in phenology between these species has arisen from adaptive radiation and phenological matching to the seasonality of local resource availability during the breeding season and reduced co

Published
2022

29. Potential for redistribution of post‐moult habitat for Eudyptes penguins in the Southern Ocean under future climate conditions

Author

Green, Cara‐Paige, Green, David B, Ratcliffe, Norman, Thompson, David, Lea, Mary‐Anne, Baylis, Alastair MM, Bond, AL, Bost, Charles‐André, Crofts, Sarah, Cuthbert, Richard J, González‐Solís, Jacob, Morrison, Kyle W, Poisbleau, Maud, Pütz, Klemens, Rey, Andrea Raya, Ryan, Peter G, Sagar, Paul M, Steinfurth, Antje, Thiebot, Jean‐Baptiste, Tierney, Megan, Whitehead, Thomas Otto, Wotherspoon, Simon, Hindell, Mark A, Green, Cara‐Paige, Green, David B, Ratcliffe, Norman, Thompson, David, Lea, Mary‐Anne, Baylis, Alastair MM, Bond, AL, Bost, Charles‐André, Crofts, Sarah, Cuthbert, Richard J, González‐Solís, Jacob, Morrison, Kyle W, Poisbleau, Maud, Pütz, Klemens, Rey, Andrea Raya, Ryan, Peter G, Sagar, Paul M, Steinfurth, Antje, Thiebot, Jean‐Baptiste, Tierney, Megan, Whitehead, Thomas Otto, Wotherspoon, Simon, and Hindell, Mark A

Abstract

Anthropogenic climate change is resulting in spatial redistributions of many species. We assessed the potential effects of climate change on an abundant and widely distributed group of diving birds, Eudyptes penguins, which are the main avian consumers in the Southern Ocean in terms of biomass consumption. Despite their abundance, several of these species have undergone population declines over the past century, potentially due to changing oceanography and prey availability over the important winter months. We used light-based geolocation tracking data for 485 individuals deployed between 2006 and 2020 across 10 of the major breeding locations for five taxa of Eudyptes penguins. We used boosted regression tree modelling to quantify post-moult habitat preference for southern rockhopper (E. chrysocome), eastern rockhopper (E. filholi), northern rockhopper (E. moseleyi) and macaroni/royal (E. chrysolophus and E. schlegeli) penguins. We then modelled their redistribution under two climate change scenarios, representative concentration pathways RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 (for the end of the century, 2071-2100). As climate forcings differ regionally, we quantified redistribution in the Atlantic, Central Indian, East Indian, West Pacific and East Pacific regions. We found sea surface temperature and sea surface height to be the most important predictors of current habitat for these penguins; physical features that are changing rapidly in the Southern Ocean. Our results indicated that the less severe RCP4.5 would lead to less habitat loss than the more severe RCP8.5. The five taxa of penguin may experience a general poleward redistribution of their preferred habitat, but with contrasting effects in the (i) change in total area of preferred habitat under climate change (ii) according to geographic region and (iii) the species (macaroni/royal vs. rockhopper populations). Our results provide further understanding on the regional impacts and vulnerability of species to climate change.

Published
2022

31. The role of allochrony in influencing interspecific differences in foraging distribution during the non-breeding season between two congeneric crested penguin species

Author

Green, Cara-Paige, primary, Ratcliffe, Norman, additional, Mattern, Thomas, additional, Thompson, David, additional, Lea, Mary-Anne, additional, Wotherspoon, Simon, additional, Borboroglu, Pablo Garcia, additional, Ellenberg, Ursula, additional, Morrison, Kyle W., additional, Pütz, Klemens, additional, Sagar, Paul M., additional, Seddon, Philip J., additional, Torres, Leigh G., additional, and Hindell, Mark A., additional

Published
2022
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35. Front Cover

Author

Frugone, María José, primary, Cole, Theresa L., additional, López, María Eugenia, additional, Clucas, Gemma, additional, Matos‐Maraví, Pável, additional, Lois, Nicolás A., additional, Pistorius, Pierre, additional, Bonadonna, Francesco, additional, Trathan, Phil, additional, Polanowski, Andrea, additional, Wienecke, Barbara, additional, Raya‐Rey, Andrea, additional, Pütz, Klemens, additional, Steinfurth, Antje, additional, Bi, Ke, additional, Wang‐Claypool, Cynthia Y., additional, Waters, Jonathan M., additional, Bowie, Rauri C. K., additional, Poulin, Elie, additional, and Vianna, Juliana A., additional

Published
2021
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43. Avian orthoavulavirus 1 (Newcastle Disease virus) antibodies in five penguin species, Antarctic peninsula and Southern Patagonia

Author

Ariyama, Naomi, primary, Tapia, Rodrigo, additional, Godoy, Claudia, additional, Agüero, Belén, additional, Valdés, Valentina, additional, Berrios, Felipe, additional, García Borboroglu, Pablo, additional, Pütz, Klemens, additional, Alegria, Raul, additional, Barriga, Gonzalo P., additional, Medina, Rafael, additional, and Neira, Víctor, additional

Published
2021
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45. Niche partitioning between coexisting gentoo Pygoscelis papua and Magellanic penguins Spheniscus magellanicus at Martillo Island, Argentina

Author

Mattern Thomas, Pütz Klemens, Scioscia Gabriela, Harris Sabrina, and Raya Rey Andrea

Subjects
Sympatry, Ecology, biology, Foraging, Niche differentiation, Pelagic zone, Aquatic Science, Spheniscus magellanicus, biology.organism_classification, Predation, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Pygoscelis papua, Apex predator
Abstract

Marine top predators living in sympatry tend to use their environment differentially, thereby reducing niche overlap. Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) and gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) coexist at Martillo Is., Argentina. During the 2014, 2015 and 2017 breeding seasons a total of thirty-one Magellanic and eleven gentoo penguins were equipped with GPS-TDR loggers to record foraging trips. Both species dove to similar maximum depths with analogous effort (dives per hour). Magellanics, however, undertook longer trips and travelled further away from the colony (25 h and 43 km vs. 10 h and 20 km on average, respectively). Gentoos on the other hand, performed longer dives, had a higher percentage of “U” shaped dives and spent more time during the bottom phase of the dive. Gentoos foraged exclusively within an area close to the colony and in waters not deeper than 80 m. Magellanics had more variability in their behaviors and were not associated to a specific depth or distance from the colony. The ecological circumstances of both species (targeted prey and surrounding environment) suffice to explain the particular behaviors of both species independently from the presence of the other. Gentoos seem to focus on benthic prey which remains stable in this environment throughout the year, and Magellanics behave more opportunistically searching for pelagic prey during early chick rearing. Competition may not be always shaping coexistence of species of similar trophic positions and behaviors. Particularly, if resources are not limited, both species can behave in ways they find optimal without factoring the coexistence of the other species.

Published
2020

46. The Retrospective Analysis of Antarctic Tracking Data from the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research

Author

Ropert-Coudert, Yan, Van de Putte, Anton P., Reisinger, Ryan R., Bornemann, Horst, Charrassin, Jean-Benoît, Costa, Daniel P., Danis, Bruno, Hückstädt, Luis A., Jonsen, Ian D., Lea, Mary-Anne, Thompson, David, Torres, Leigh G., Trathan, Philip N., Wotherspoon, Simon, Ainley, David G., Alderman, Rachael, Andrews-Goff, Virginia, Arthur, Ben, Ballard, Grant, Bengtson, John, Bester, Marthán N., Blix, Arnoldus Schytte, Boehme, Lars, Bost, Charles-André, Boveng, Peter, Cleeland, Jaimie, Constantine, Rochelle, Crawford, Robert J. M., Dalla Rosa, Luciano, Nico de Bruyn, P. J., Delord, Karine, Descamps, Sébastien, Double, Mike, Emmerson, Louise, Fedak, Mike, Friedlaender, Ari, Gales, Nick, Goebel, Mike, Goetz, Kimberly T., Guinet, Christophe, Goldsworthy, Simon D., Harcourt, Rob, Hinke, Jefferson T., Jerosch, Kerstin, Kato, Akiko, Kerry, Knowles R., Kirkwood, Roger, Kooyman, Gerald L., Kovacs, Kit M., Lawton, Kieran, Lowther, Andrew D., Lydersen, Christian, Lyver, Phil O’B., Makhado, Azwianewi B., Márquez, Maria E. I., McDonald, Birgitte I., McMahon, Clive R., Muelbert, Monica, Nachtsheim, Dominik, Nicholls, Keith W., Nordøy, Erling S., Olmastroni, Silvia, Phillips, Richard A., Pistorius, Pierre, Plötz, Joachim, Pütz, Klemens, Ratcliffe, Norman, Ryan, Peter G., Santos, Mercedes, Southwell, Colin, Staniland, Iain, Takahashi, Akinori, Tarroux, Arnaud, Trivelpiece, Wayne, Wakefield, Ewan, Weimerskirch, Henri, Wienecke, Barbara, Xavier, José C., Raymond, Ben, Hindell, Mark A., NERC, University of St Andrews. School of Biology, University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit, University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute, and University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland

Subjects
Statistics and Probability, GC, QH301 Biology, NERC, DAS, Library and Information Sciences, Computer Science Applications, Education, QH301, SDG 13 - Climate Action, GC Oceanography, QA Mathematics, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, QA, Information Systems
Abstract

The Retrospective Analysis of Antarctic Tracking Data (RAATD) is a Scientific Committee for Antarctic Research project led jointly by the Expert Groups on Birds and Marine Mammals and Antarctic Biodiversity Informatics, and endorsed by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. RAATD consolidated tracking data for multiple species of Antarctic meso- and top-predators to identify Areas of Ecological Significance. These datasets and accompanying syntheses provide a greater understanding of fundamental ecosystem processes in the Southern Ocean, support modelling of predator distributions under future climate scenarios and create inputs that can be incorporated into decision making processes by management authorities. In this data paper, we present the compiled tracking data from research groups that have worked in the Antarctic since the 1990s. The data are publicly available through biodiversity.aq and the Ocean Biogeographic Information System. The archive includes tracking data from over 70 contributors across 12 national Antarctic programs, and includes data from 17 predator species, 4060 individual animals, and over 2.9 million observed locations. Publisher PDF

Published
2020

49. Tracking of marine predators to protect Southern Ocean ecosystems

Author

Hindell, Mark A., Reisinger, Ryan R., Ropert-Coudert, Yan, Hückstädt, Luis A., Trathan, Philip N., Bornemann, Horst, Charrassin, Jean-Benoît, Chown, Steven L., Costa, Daniel P., Danis, Bruno, Lea, Mary-Anne, Thompson, David, Torres, Leigh G., Van de Putte, Anton P., Alderman, Rachael, Andrews-Goff, Virginia, Arthur, Ben, Ballard, Grant, Bengtson, John, Bester, Marthán N., Blix, Arnoldus Schytte, Boehme, Lars, Bost, Charles-André, Boveng, Peter, Cleeland, Jaimie, Constantine, Rochelle, Corney, Stuart, Crawford, Robert J. M., Dalla Rosa, Luciano, de Bruyn, P. J. Nico, Delord, Karine, Descamps, Sébastien, Double, Mike, Emmerson, Louise, Fedak, Mike, Friedlaender, Ari, Gales, Nick, Goebel, Michael E., Goetz, Kimberly T., Guinet, Christophe, Goldsworthy, Simon D., Harcourt, Rob, Hinke, Jefferson T., Jerosch, Kerstin, Kato, Akiko, Kerry, Knowles R., Kirkwood, Roger, Kooyman, Gerald L., Kovacs, Kit M., Lawton, Kieran, Lowther, Andrew D., Lydersen, Christian, Lyver, Phil O’B., Makhado, Azwianewi B., Márquez, Maria E. I., McDonald, Birgitte I., McMahon, Clive R., Muelbert, Monica, Nachtsheim, Dominik, Nicholls, Keith W., Nordøy, Erling S., Olmastroni, Silvia, Phillips, Richard A., Pistorius, Pierre, Plötz, Joachim, Pütz, Klemens, Ratcliffe, Norman, Ryan, Peter G., Santos, Mercedes, Southwell, Colin, Staniland, Iain, Takahashi, Akinori, Tarroux, Arnaud, Trivelpiece, Wayne, Wakefield, Ewan, Weimerskirch, Henri, Wienecke, Barbara, Xavier, José C., Wotherspoon, Simon, Jonsen, Ian D., Raymond, Ben, Hindell, Mark A., Reisinger, Ryan R., Ropert-Coudert, Yan, Hückstädt, Luis A., Trathan, Philip N., Bornemann, Horst, Charrassin, Jean-Benoît, Chown, Steven L., Costa, Daniel P., Danis, Bruno, Lea, Mary-Anne, Thompson, David, Torres, Leigh G., Van de Putte, Anton P., Alderman, Rachael, Andrews-Goff, Virginia, Arthur, Ben, Ballard, Grant, Bengtson, John, Bester, Marthán N., Blix, Arnoldus Schytte, Boehme, Lars, Bost, Charles-André, Boveng, Peter, Cleeland, Jaimie, Constantine, Rochelle, Corney, Stuart, Crawford, Robert J. M., Dalla Rosa, Luciano, de Bruyn, P. J. Nico, Delord, Karine, Descamps, Sébastien, Double, Mike, Emmerson, Louise, Fedak, Mike, Friedlaender, Ari, Gales, Nick, Goebel, Michael E., Goetz, Kimberly T., Guinet, Christophe, Goldsworthy, Simon D., Harcourt, Rob, Hinke, Jefferson T., Jerosch, Kerstin, Kato, Akiko, Kerry, Knowles R., Kirkwood, Roger, Kooyman, Gerald L., Kovacs, Kit M., Lawton, Kieran, Lowther, Andrew D., Lydersen, Christian, Lyver, Phil O’B., Makhado, Azwianewi B., Márquez, Maria E. I., McDonald, Birgitte I., McMahon, Clive R., Muelbert, Monica, Nachtsheim, Dominik, Nicholls, Keith W., Nordøy, Erling S., Olmastroni, Silvia, Phillips, Richard A., Pistorius, Pierre, Plötz, Joachim, Pütz, Klemens, Ratcliffe, Norman, Ryan, Peter G., Santos, Mercedes, Southwell, Colin, Staniland, Iain, Takahashi, Akinori, Tarroux, Arnaud, Trivelpiece, Wayne, Wakefield, Ewan, Weimerskirch, Henri, Wienecke, Barbara, Xavier, José C., Wotherspoon, Simon, Jonsen, Ian D., and Raymond, Ben

Abstract

Southern Ocean ecosystems are under pressure from resource exploitation and climate change. Mitigation requires the identification and protection of Areas of Ecological Significance (AESs), which have so far not been determined at the ocean-basin scale. Here, using assemblage-level tracking of marine predators, we identify AESs for this globally important region and assess current threats and protection levels. Integration of more than 4,000 tracks from 17 bird and mammal species reveals AESs around sub- Antarctic islands in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and over the Antarctic continental shelf. Fishing pressure is disproportionately concentrated inside AESs, and climate change over the next century is predicted to impose pressure on these areas, particularly around the Antarctic continent. At present, 7.1% of the ocean south of 40°S is under formal protection, including 29% of the total AESs. The establishment and regular revision of networks of protection that encompass AESs are needed to provide long-term mitigation of growing pressures on Southern Ocean ecosystems.

Published
2020

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