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1. Development and validation of the SMOS-IC version 2 (V2) soil moisture product

Author

Frédéric Frappart, J. P. Wigneron, Xiangzhuo Liu, Lei Fan, Mengjia Wang, Xiaojun Li, Christophe Moisy, Amen Al-Yaari, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Pôle Matériel Végétal, UMT Géno-Vigne, and IFV Pôle Rhône-Méditerranée

Subjects
validation, Vegetation optical depth, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Moisture, Meteorology, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Biosphere, Inversion (meteorology), 02 engineering and technology, Vegetation, 01 natural sciences, Carbon cycle, vegetation optical depth, L-band, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Product (category theory), soil moisture, SMOS-IC, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Water content, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, SMOS
Abstract

International audience; Since the first version of the SMOS-IC retrieval product was released in 2017, its soil moisture (SM) and L-band Vegetation Optical depth (VOD) retrievals have proven to be a very interesting alternative product for the SMOS mission. This product relies on a two-parameter inversion of the L-MEB model (L-band Microwave Emission of the Biosphere) which is independent of auxiliary data, a key feature making it well-suited for application in hydrology, agriculture, climate, and carbon cycle. This paper describes the development and validation of the most recent SMOS-IC version (V2) soil moisture product. Compared with the previous version (V105), a new constraint was applied on VOD in the cost function which is minimized in the retrieval process. Soil moisture retrievals from SMOS-IC V2 & V105 were inter-compared against the “European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts” (ECMWF) modelled SM and the “International Soil Moisture Network” (ISMN) in-situ measurements during 2011-2017 over France. It was found that the average retrieval uncertainty of the new version product was lower than that of the old version, particularly when vegetation density increased. The new version of the SMOS-IC soil moisture product will be made available to the public through the CATDS (Centre Aval de Traitements des Données SMOS) website.

Published
2020
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2. La déstabilisation colloïdale des boissons limpides : recherche sur les mécanismes impliqués et développement d'itinéraires technologiques de prévention

Author

Bauduin, Rémi, Poupard, Pascal, Cottereau, Philippe, Charrier, Frederic, Meistermann, Eric, Vernhet, Aude, Poncet-Legrand, Céline, Millet, Mélanie, Guyot, Sylvain, Lequere, J-M, Salmon, J-M, Zanchi, Drazen, UMT Actia Nova2Cidre (Domaine de la motte), Insitut Français des Productions Cidricoles (IFPC), IFV Pôle Rhône-Méditerranée, Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin (IFV), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Sciences Pour l'Oenologie (SPO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Unité de recherche sur les Biopolymères, Interactions Assemblages (BIA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Expérimentale de Pech-Rouge (PECH ROUGE), Processus d'Activation Sélective par Transfert d'Energie Uni-électronique ou Radiatif (UMR 8640) (PASTEUR), Département de Chimie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CasDAR, Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, procédés, interaction, mécanismes, bière, Mots-clés : Troubles colloïdaux, matériel végétal, macromolécules, vin, pommeau, cidre, réactivité, [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other, jus de pomme
Abstract

Ce projet concerne les boissons limpides produites à partir de pommes à cidre (cidre, pommeau, jus de pomme), les vins (rouges et blancs) et les bières, produits qui présentent assez fréquemment une perte de limpidité néfaste pour l'appréciation du produit par le consommateur. Les résultats de recherche acquis au cours du projet ont permis d'identifier les acteurs de la déstabilisation colloïdale des différents produits mais aussi de lever, au moins partiellement, les verrous de connaissance sur les mécanismes impliqués. Ces nouvelles connaissances ont été mises à profit à la fois pour améliorer la fiabilité des outils de diagnostic prédictifs pour les praticiens, mais aussi pour proposer et optimiser les traitements curatifs ou préventifs de l'instabilité colloïdale. Abstract: Colloidal destabilization of clear beverages: research on the mechanisms involved and development of technological prevention routes This project concerns clear drinks produced from cider apples (cider, pommeau, apple juice), wines (red and white) and beers, products that quite often exhibit a loss of clarity that is detrimental to the consumer appreciation of the final product. The research results acquired during the project made it possible to identify the sources involved in the colloidal destabilization of the various products but also to remove, at least partially, the knowledge barriers on the mechanisms involved. This new knowledge has been used both to improve the reliability of predictive diagnostic tools for producers and to propose and optimize curative or preventive treatments for colloidal instability.

Published
2020
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3. Terahertz Study of Wood Structure as Impacted by Grapevine Trunk Diseases

Author

A-S. Spilmont, S. Merigeaud, Cédric Moisy, P. Larignon, Christophe Consejo, J-P. Peros, Yoann Meriguet, Maida Cardoso, J. Perry, N. Dyakonova, Dominique Coquillat, Luca Varani, R. Fernandez, P. Buzatu, L. Le Cunff, Jérémi Torres, J-L. Verdeil, Christophe Goze-Bac, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d’Electronique et des Systèmes (IES), Térahertz, hyperfréquence et optique (TéHO), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CIVC, Comité Champagne, Epernay, Géno-vigne® (UMT Géno-vigne®), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin (IFV)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Tridilogy SARL, Saint-Gély du Fesc, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin (IFV), Diversité, Adaptation et Amélioration de la Vigne [AGAP] (DAAV), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin (IFV)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), and IFV Pôle Rhône-Méditerranée

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], [SDV.BV.AP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Plant breeding, Horticulture, Terahertz radiation, 15. Life on land, Biology, Trunk, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics
Abstract

Grapevine trunk diseases affect grapevines worldwide and dramatically shorten the longevity of vineyards. This study ·has successfully demonstrated the use of THz timedomain imaging to identify the grapevine wood tissues degraded by the fungi responsible for grapevine trunk diseases.

Published
2019
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4. Preliminary study of ancient DNA from a 215-year-old grapevine herbarium

Author

Mauricio Velayos, J.L. Santiago, Valérie Laucou, Denis Legrand, María-Carmen Martínez, S. Boso, Jean-Michel Boursiquot, Pilar Gago, Thierry Lacombe, Misión Biológica de Galicia, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid, Pôle Matériel Végétal, UMT Géno-Vigne, IFV Pôle Rhône-Méditerranée, and Bodegas Grupo Estevez S. A.

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, aDNA, Genetic diversity, Horticulture, Sequence repeat, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ampelography, microsatellites, Geography, Herbarium, Ancient DNA, Vitis vinifera, Botany, historic herbarium specimens, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Botanical garden, Clemente, 010606 plant biology & botany, Food Science
Abstract

International audience; Simon de Rojas Clemente y Rubio (1777 to 1827) is considered the father of modern ampelography. He developed the first scientific method for describing grapevine varieties through the examination of material he collected in Andalusia between 1802 and 1804. The Royal Botanical Garden in Madrid conserves the material he collected and preserved (leaves and shoots). This herbarium, the oldest of all grapevine variety herbaria, is invaluable for ampelographic and other studies (such as genetic diversity, molecular characterization, or viticultural history studies) and provides unique insight into early 19th century (the pre-phylloxera era) grapevine cultivation. The present work reports a DNA extraction protocol and a redefining of the simple sequence repeat primers routinely used in grapevine characterization, which allowed successful amplification of the ancient DNA extracted from Clemente's herborized material.

Published
2019
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5. VITIRAMA: A program to characterize disease susceptibility in French ampelographic collections

Author

Viviana Rodriguez Cano, Thierry Lacombe, Cécile Marchal, Sabine Merdinoglu-Wiedemann, Yobrégat, O., Sereno, C., Moisy, C., Le Cunff, L., Timothée Flutre, Agnes Doligez, Luc Bidel, Roberto Bacilieri, Eric Duchêne, Christophe Moisy, Lambin, P., Laurent Torregrosa, Jean-Michel Boursiquot, Jean-Pierre Peros, Domaine expérimental de Vassal (MONTP DOM VASSAL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Santé de la vigne et qualité du vin (SVQV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, V'innopôleSud-Ouest, UMT Géno-Vigne, IFV Pôle Sud-Ouest, Pôle Matériel Végétal, UMT Géno-Vigne, IFV Pôle Rhône-Méditerranée, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Diversité, Adaptation et Amélioration de la Vigne [AGAP] (DAAV), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)

Subjects
maladie, caractérisation phénotypique, education, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, pathology, ampelographie, vigne, health care economics and organizations, grapevine
Abstract

VITIRAMA: A program to characterize disease susceptibility in French ampelographic collections. 12. International Conference on Grapevine Breeding and Genetics

Published
2018

6. Precise editing of a target base in Grapevine genome

Author

HERBERT, Léo, Laucou, Valerie, MEUNIER, Anne-Cécile, LECUNFF, Loic, Lauvergeat, Virginie, Chatelet, Philippe, LIGOUT, Théo, Périn, Christophe, This, Patrice, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Pôle Matériel Végétal, UMT Géno-Vigne, IFV Pôle Rhône-Méditerranée, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and ProdInra, Migration

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, [SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

National audience

Published
2018

7. Classification of varieties for their timing of flowering and veraison using a modelling approach: A case study for the grapevine species Vitis vinifera L

Author

Cornelis van Leeuwen, Iñaki García de Cortázar-Atauri, Olivier Jacquet, Thierry Dufourcq, Marion Claverie, Begoña Rodriquez Lovelle, Amber Parker, Thierry Lacombe, Jean-Laurent Spring, Michael C. T. Trought, Emmanuel Rouchaud, Paolo Storchi, William Trambouze, Laurent Panigai, Christophe Schneider, Hernán Ojeda, Rainer W. Hofmann, Jean-Michel Boursiquot, Laurence Gény, Benjamin Bois, Gérard Barbeau, Diego Tomasi, Isabelle Chuine, Jean-Yves Cahurel, Jean-Christophe Payan, Christine Monamy, Guy Guimberteau, Marlborough Wine Research Centre, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Lincoln University, UE Agroclim (UE AGROCLIM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Vigne et Vin (UVV), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Diversité et adaptation des plantes cultivées (UMR DIAPC), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Domaine expérimental de Vassal (MONTP DOM VASSAL), Pôle Bourgogne - Beaujolais - Jura - Savoie, Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin (IFV), Pôle Rhône-Méditerranée, Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin (IFV)-AREDVI, Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin, Pôle Sud-Ouest (IFV Sud Ouest), USC Œnologie, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Chambre d'agriculture de Vaucluse, Centre Georges Chevrier. Savoirs : Normes & Sensibilités (FRE3499) (CGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Bureau Interprofessionnel des Vins de Bourgogne (BIVB), Unité d'oenologie de Pech-Rouge (MONTP PECH ROUG UE), Comité Interprofessionnel du Vin de Champagne (CIVC), Institut Rhodanien, Syndicat Général des Vignerons des Côtes du Rhône, Chambre d'Agriculture de l'Aude, Santé de la vigne et qualité du vin (SVQV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Centre de recherche Pully, Station de recherche Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil ACW, Unità di ricerca per la Viticoltura, Consiglio per la Ricerca e Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Centro di Ricerca per la Viticoltura, Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Antenne de Pézenas, Chambre d'agriculture de l'Hérault, Financial support from the Agri-cultural and Marketing Research and Development Trust, NewZealand., Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne ( EGFV ), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine ( Bordeaux Sciences Agro ) -Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), UE Agroclim ( UE AGROCLIM ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive ( CEFE ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Vigne et Vin ( UVV ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Diversité et adaptation des plantes cultivées ( DIAPC ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ), Domaine expérimental de Vassal ( MONTP DOM VASSAL ), Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin, Pôle Sud-Ouest ( IFV Sud Ouest ), Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales ( UMR AGAP ), Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Bureau Interprofessionnel des Vins de Bourgogne ( BIVB ), Unité d'oenologie de Pech-Rouge ( MONTP PECH ROUG UE ), Comité Interprofessionnel du Vin de Champagne ( CIVC ), Service technique - Institut Rhodanien, Santé de la vigne et qualité du vin ( SVQV ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Agroclim (AGROCLIM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), and Unité expérimentale de Pech-Rouge (PECH ROUGE)

Subjects
Fructification, Atmospheric Science, Future studies, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate change, Context (language use), Biology, 01 natural sciences, Flowering, Veraison, Botany, Variety, Cultivar, [SDV.SA.HORT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Horticulture, Vitis vinifera, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Global and Planetary Change, Phenology, Temperature, Forestry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, [ SDV.SA.HORT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Horticulture, Horticulture, 13. Climate action, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Grapevine, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

16 pages; International audience; tUnderstanding differences in phenology for varieties of a given species is important for making informeddecisions on variety choice in the context of climate change and breeding new cultivars. Phenologicalmodels that incorporate temperature as a key environmental factor can be used to describe the differencesin phenological timing between cultivars. This paper outlines a methodology, based on a phenologicalmodel, for classifying the timing of flowering and veraison for a substantial number of varieties of thegrapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). 95 varieties were characterized for flowering and 104 varieties for veraison.Various statistical measures were used to assess the performance and predictions of the model at thevarietal level: model efficiency, root mean squared error and confidence intervals. The methodologymight be used to understand varietal differences for other species in future studies. Model outputs canbe used in combination with predicted climate change scenarios to assess the suitability of varietiesunder climate conditions of the future.

Published
2013
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8. Improved genome sequence of Diplodia seriata, a tool for comparative genomics of Diplodia species

Author

Guillaume Robert, Vallet, J., Eliane ABOU MANSOUR, Xu, J., Patrice Rey, Bertsch, C., Cecília Rego, Larignon, P., Fontaine, F., Marc-Henri Lebrun, ProdInra, Archive Ouverte, BIOlogie et GEstion des Risques en agriculture (BIOGER), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Université de Fribourg, BGI-Shenzhen, Santé Végétale (SV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA)), Institut supérieur d'Agronomie, Tapada da Ajuda, Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin (IFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, University of Fribourg, BGIShenzhen, Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin Pôle Rhône-Méditerranée, Unité de Recherche Vigne et Vins de Champagne Stress et Environnement - EA 4707 (URVVC), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Botryosphaeriaceae, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Ascomycotina, grapevine, diseases
Abstract

The Ascomycotina Diplodia seriata is one of the causal agent of grapevine trunk diseases. Here, we present an improved genome sequence of D. seriata isolate F98.1, isolated in 1998 at Perpignan (France) from the trunk of a diseased grapevine. D. seriata is one of the most common Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with grapevine trunk diseases. This species is also frequently isolated from woody tissues of trees such as Acer sp., Prunus sp. or Quercus sp.. Sequencing was performed using Illumina HiSeq 2500 at a coverage of 270 X. Assembly with SOAPdenovo 1.05 led to 512 contigs and 112 scaffolds (37.27 Mb, GC%: 56.8). This high quality genome (Scaffold N50, 2.9 Mb; Min scaffold length, 1.007 bp; gaps, 250 kb) has 13 scaffolds with a size higher than 1 Mb (90% of total sequence), likely corresponding to chromosomes. Using GLEAN, 8.087 CDS were identified, 93 % being supported by RNAseq (mycelium on PDB or MM for 4 days). Recently, the genome sequence of D. seriata isolate DS831 from an infected grapevine (USA, 2011) was released. The genome size of DS831 (37.13 Mb) is almost similar to F98.1. However, its assembly is 5 times more fragmented (1391 contigs, 695 scaffolds) and it carries 9398 CDS. Bidirectional best blast hit (BDBH) analysis revealed that 82% of F98.1 and DS831 CDS are similar, 1507 genes are specific to F98.1 strain, and 2763 are specific to DS831 strain. Using Blast, we showed that 2686 (97.2%) of DS831 apparently specific genes were present in F98.1 genome sequence, and reversely 1440 (95.6%) of F98.1 apparently specific genes are present in DS831 genome sequence. Therefore, the difference in CDS numbers between DS831 and F98.1 is likely a consequence of using different annotation software (Glean vs Augustus). Fusion of two annotation leads to a total of 10,500 genes. The genomes of the two species Diplodia sapinea and Diplodia scrobiculata closely related to D. seriata have been sequenced. These two genome have a size of, respectively, 36,97 and 35,85 Mb, and 13020 and 13624 genes respectively. These differences could reflect recent massive gene losses in D. seriata.

Published
2017

9. Duravitis & VDQA programs open new breeding strategies for grapevine facing T° rises

Author

Laurent Torregrosa, Antoine Bigard, Agnes Doligez, David Lecourieux, Markus Rienth, Nathalie Luchaire, Philippe Pieri, Ratthaphon Chatbanyong, Rezk Shahood, Marc Farnos, Catherine Roux, Angelique Adiveze, Jérémy Pillet, Yannick Sire, Emmanuelle Zumstein, Mélanie Veyret, Loic Lecunff, Fatma Lecourieux, Nicolas Saurin, Bertrand Muller, Hernan Ojeda, Cléa Houel, Jean-Pierre Peros, Patrice This, Anne Pellegrino, Charles Romieu, ProdInra, Migration, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Unité expérimentale de Pech-Rouge (PECH ROUGE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Pôle Matériel Végétal, UMT Géno-Vigne, IFV Pôle Rhône-Méditerranée, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
Changement climatique, [SDE] Environmental Sciences, Viticulture, Adaptation au changement climatique, [SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.IDA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Vigne, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

National audience

Published
2016

10. Toxicity of extracellular proteins from Diplodia seriata and Neofusicoccum parvum involved in grapevine Botryosphaeria dieback

Author

F. Mazet-Kieffer, C. Tarnus, Sibylle Farine, M. Goddard, Christophe Bertsch, Elodie Stempien, Hélène Laloue, Julie Chong, Florence Fontaine, M. Bénard-Gellon, Philippe Larignon, Marjorie Schmitt, Flora Pensec, Laboratoire Vigne Biotechnologie et Environnement EA 3991, Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA)), Laboratoire d'innovation moléculaire et applications (LIMA), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IFV Pôle Rhône-Méditerranée, and Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Diplodia seriata, Virulence, Context (language use), Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, Fungal Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, Seriata, Ascomycota, Botany, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Vitis, Botryosphaeria, Cells, Cultured, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, Disease Resistance, Plant Diseases, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, biology, fungi, Cell Biology, General Medicine, Phytotoxin, Botryosphaeriaceae, biology.organism_classification, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Eutypa, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Botryosphaeria dieback, esca and Eutypa dieback are three economic major grapevine trunk diseases that cause severe yield reduction in vineyards worldwide. The frequency of disease symptoms has increased considerably over the past decade, and no efficient treatment is currently available to control these diseases. The different fungi associated with grapevine trunk diseases mainly induce necrotic wood and characteristic foliar symptoms. In this context, fungi virulence factors and host invasion are not well understood. We hypothesise that extracellular proteins produced by Diplodia seriata and Neofusicoccum parvum, two causal agents associated with Botryosphaeria dieback, are virulence factors responsible for the pathogenicity. In our previous work, we demonstrated that the total extracellular compounds produced by N. parvum induced more necrosis on Chardonnay calli and triggered a different defence gene expression pattern than those produced by D. seriata. Furthermore, this aggressiveness was not clearly correlated with the production of mellein, a characteristic phytotoxin of Botryosphaeriaceae, in our in vitro calli model. To characterise other potential virulence factors and to understand the mechanisms of host invasion by the fungus, we evaluated the profile, quantity and the impact of extracellular proteins produced by these fungi on Vitis vinifera calli necrosis and defence gene expression. Our results reveal that, under the same conditions, N. parvum produces more extracellular proteins and in higher concentrations than D. seriata. With Vitis vinifera cv. Chardonnay cells, we showed that equivalent concentrations of proteins secreted by N. parvum were more aggressive than those of D. seriata in producing necrosis and that they clearly induced more grapevine defence genes.

Published
2015
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11. Nitrogen supply controls vegetative growth, biomass and nitrogen allocation for grapevine (cv. Shiraz) grown in pots

Author

Aurélie Metay, Angélique Christophe, Jessica Magnier, Nicolas Guilpart, Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Pôle Rhône-Méditerranée, Domaine de Donadille, Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin (IFV), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Limiting factor, Ecophysiology, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Vegetative reproduction, croissance végétale, croissance foliaire, Plant Science, Biology, nitrogen stress, 01 natural sciences, Veraison, modelling, Botany, biomasse, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, croissance de la tige, Axis elongation, modélisation, 2. Zero hunger, Biomass (ecology), Phenology, fungi, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, nitrogen fertilization, plant growth, grapevine, Horticulture, culture en pot, fertilisation azotée, Productivity (ecology), stress à l'azote, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, pot growing, biomass allocation, vigne, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Maintaining grapevine productivity with limited inputs is crucial in Mediterranean areas. Apart from water, nitrogen (N) is also an important limiting factor in grape growing. The effects of N deficiency on grapevine growth were investigated in this study. Two-year-old Vitis vinifera L.cv. Shiraz plants grafted on 110 R were grown in pots placed outside and exposed to various N supplies (0, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4 and 12 g plant–1) under well-watered conditions. At veraison, plants were harvested and organs separately dried, weighed and analysed for N. During plant growth, the length of the primary and secondary axes and the number of leaves on them were recorded. The N content of leaves was also analysed at three phenological stages (flowering, bunch closure and veraison). All growth processes were inhibited by N deficiency in an intensity-dependent manner. Quantitative relationships with N supply were established. Vegetative growth responded negatively to N stress when comparing control N supply with no N supply: primary axis elongation (–61%), leaf emergence on the primary axis (–47%), leaf emergence on the secondary axis (–94%) and lamina area expansion (–45%). Significant differences on the plant N status were observed from flowering onwards which might be useful for managing fertilisation.

Published
2015
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12. Providing user-oriented uncertainty information with a vineyard model used for irrigation decisions

Author

François Brun, Daniel Wallach, Gabriel Daudin, Sébastien Roux, Xavier Delpuech, Jacques Wery, Fonctionnement et conduite des Systèmes de culture Tropicaux et Méditerranéens, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Pôle Rhône-Méditerranée, Domaine de Donadille, Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin (IFV), Vitaconsult, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), and Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)

Subjects
2. Zero hunger, 0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Irrigation, Irrigation in viticulture, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, Vineyard, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, User oriented, Water resource management, Water content, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; In southeastern France, vineyard irrigation has been increasing and now concerns about 8% of the total vineyard area in the region. Irrigation management aims to ensure both fruit quality and yield by maintaining the vineyard above a time-dependent threshold of soil water. Extension services disseminate information and advice on vineyard irrigation, based in large part on the WaLIS (Water Balance for Intercropped Systems) model described here, which computes the fraction of transpirable soil water of a vineyard with or without an intercrop. Extension bulletins currently report model results, but the extension services have indicated that adding uncertainty information would be important for informing users as to the reliability of those results. We show how uncertainty information could be calculated and presented. The major focus here is on the uncertainty due to using estimated rather than measured input variables, taking into account the way users estimate the input variables in practice. This is the source of uncertainty most relevant for users because it is an uncertainty that they can affect. However, it is also important to know how this uncertainty compares with the overall uncertainty in the predictions. We therefore also show how total uncertainty can be estimated.

Published
2014
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13. Physiological and developmental disturbances caused by Botryosphaeria dieback in the annual stems of grapevine.

Author

Moret F, Jacquens L, Larignon P, Clément G, Coppin C, Noirot E, Courty PE, Fontaine F, Adrian M, and Trouvelot S

Abstract

Botryosphaeria dieback is a grapevine trunk disease caused by fungi of the Botryosphaeriaceae family, which attacks more specifically the woody tissues. The infection leads to different symptoms including a severe form with a leaf drop as well as premature plant death. Botryosphaeria dieback causes major economic losses, since no effective treatment is yet available. A better understanding is necessary to find solutions to fight this disease. In this study, our objective was to characterize the "leaf drop" form by (1) looking for the presence of pathogens in the basal internodes of stems, (2) quantifying blocked vessels by tylosis and/or gummosis, and (3) describing the impact of the disease on vine physiology (gene expression and metabolome) and development (establishment and functioning of the cambium and phellogen) at the level of xylem and phloem of basal stem internodes. Our study has shown that Botryosphaeriaceae were present in both phloem and xylem of the basal internodes of the annual stem, with xylem vessels obturated. We have also clearly demonstrated that gene expression and metabolite profiles were strongly modified in both xylem and phloem of diseased plants. Differences in stems between healthy (control, C) and diseased (D) plants were low at flowering (vines not yet symptomatic), higher at the onset of symptom expression and still present, although less marked, at full disease expression. qRT-PCR analysis showed in both phloem and xylem an overexpression of genes involved in plant defense, and a repression of genes related to meristematic activity (i.e. vascular cambium and phellogen). Metabolomic analysis showed specific fingerprints in stems of healthy and diseased plants from the onset of symptom expression, with an increase of the level of phytoalexins and mannitol, and a decrease of 1-kestose one. At the structural level, many alterations were observed in internodes, even before the onset of symptoms: a classical obstruction of xylem vessels and, for the first time, a disorganization of the secondary phloem with an obstruction of the sieve plates by callose. The disease modifies the development of both secondary phloem (liber) and phellogen. Altogether, this study combining different approaches allowed to highlight deep vine dysfunction in the internodes at the base of stems, that may explain vine decline due to Botryosphaeria dieback., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision., (Copyright © 2024 Moret, Jacquens, Larignon, Clément, Coppin, Noirot, Courty, Fontaine, Adrian and Trouvelot.)

Published
2024
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14. End-to-end multimodal 3D imaging and machine learning workflow for non-destructive phenotyping of grapevine trunk internal structure.

Author

Fernandez R, Le Cunff L, Mérigeaud S, Verdeil JL, Perry J, Larignon P, Spilmont AS, Chatelet P, Cardoso M, Goze-Bac C, and Moisy C

Subjects
Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Workflow, Plant Diseases, Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Vitis
Abstract

Quantifying healthy and degraded inner tissues in plants is of great interest in agronomy, for example, to assess plant health and quality and monitor physiological traits or diseases. However, detecting functional and degraded plant tissues in-vivo without harming the plant is extremely challenging. New solutions are needed in ligneous and perennial species, for which the sustainability of plantations is crucial. To tackle this challenge, we developed a novel approach based on multimodal 3D imaging and artificial intelligence-based image processing that allowed a non-destructive diagnosis of inner tissues in living plants. The method was successfully applied to the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Vineyard's sustainability is threatened by trunk diseases, while the sanitary status of vines cannot be ascertained without injuring the plants. By combining MRI and X-ray CT 3D imaging with an automatic voxel classification, we could discriminate intact, degraded, and white rot tissues with a mean global accuracy of over 91%. Each imaging modality contribution to tissue detection was evaluated, and we identified quantitative structural and physiological markers characterizing wood degradation steps. The combined study of inner tissue distribution versus external foliar symptom history demonstrated that white rot and intact tissue contents are key-measurements in evaluating vines' sanitary status. We finally proposed a model for an accurate trunk disease diagnosis in grapevine. This work opens new routes for precision agriculture and in-situ monitoring of tissue quality and plant health across plant species., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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15. Sodium arsenite-induced changes in the wood of esca-diseased grapevine at cytological and metabolomic levels.

Author

Trouvelot S, Lemaitre-Guillier C, Vallet J, Jacquens L, Douillet A, Harir M, Larignon P, Roullier-Gall C, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Adrian M, and Fontaine F

Abstract

In the past, most grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) have been controlled by treatments with sodium arsenite. For obvious reasons, sodium arsenite was banned in vineyards, and consequently, the management of GTDs is difficult due to the lack of methods with similar effectiveness. Sodium arsenite is known to have a fungicide effect and to affect the leaf physiology, but its effect on the woody tissues where the GTD pathogens are present is still poorly understood. This study thus focuses on the effect of sodium arsenite in woody tissues, particularly in the interaction area between asymptomatic wood and necrotic wood resulting from the GTD pathogens' activities. Metabolomics was used to obtain a metabolite fingerprint of sodium arsenite treatment and microscopy to visualize its effects at the histo-cytological level. The main results are that sodium arsenite impacts both metabolome and structural barriers in plant wood. We reported a stimulator effect on plant secondary metabolites in the wood, which add to its fungicide effect. Moreover, the pattern of some phytotoxins is affected, suggesting the possible effect of sodium arsenite in the pathogen metabolism and/or plant detoxification process. This study brings new elements to understanding the mode of action of sodium arsenite, which is useful in developing sustainable and eco-friendly strategies to better manage GTDs., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Trouvelot, Lemaitre-Guillier, Vallet, Jacquens, Douillet, Harir, Larignon, Roullier-Gall, Schmitt-Kopplin, Adrian and Fontaine.)

Published
2023
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16. The Combination of Both Heat and Water Stresses May Worsen Botryosphaeria Dieback Symptoms in Grapevine.

Author

Fernandez O, Lemaître-Guillier C, Songy A, Robert-Siegwald G, Lebrun MH, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Larignon P, Adrian M, and Fontaine F

Abstract

(1) Background: Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) have become a global threat to vineyards worldwide. These diseases share three main common features. First, they are caused by multiple pathogenic micro-organisms. Second, these pathogens often maintain a long latent phase, which makes any research in pathology and symptomatology challenging. Third, a consensus is raising to pinpoint combined abiotic stresses as a key factor contributing to disease symptom expression. (2) Methods: We analyzed the impact of combined abiotic stresses in grapevine cuttings artificially infected by two fungi involved in Botryosphaeria dieback (one of the major GTDs), Neofusicoccum parvum and Diplodia seriata . Fungal-infected and control plants were subjected to single or combined abiotic stresses (heat stress, drought stress or both). Disease intensity was monitored thanks to the measurement of necrosis area size. (3) Results and conclusions: Overall, our results suggest that combined stresses might have a stronger impact on disease intensity upon infection by the less virulent pathogen Diplodia seriata . This conclusion is discussed through the impact on plant physiology using metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of leaves sampled for the different conditions.

Published
2023
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17. Impacts of Sodium Arsenite on Wood Microbiota of Esca-Diseased Grapevines.

Author

Bruez E, Larignon P, Bertsch C, Robert-Siegwald G, Lebrun MH, Rey P, and Fontaine F

Abstract

Although sodium arsenite was widely used in Europe until its ban in 2003, its effects on microorganisms is not clearly understood. To improve our understanding of sodium arsenite curative effect on GTDs, grapevines displaying esca-foliar symptoms from different French regions (Alsace, Champagne, Languedoc) were treated or not with sodium arsenite, and analyzed for their wood microbiota. Using metabarcoding, we identified the fungal and bacterial taxa composition of microbiota colonizing woody trunk tissues. Large differences in fungal microbiota composition between treated and untreated grapevines were observed while no major impacts were observed on bacteria microbiota. The main fungal species detected in untreated necrotic woody tissues was Fomitiporia mediterranea (63-94%), a fungal pathogen associated with esca. The relative abundance of this fungal species significantly decreased after sodium arsenite treatment in the three vineyards, in particular in white-rot necrotic tissues and their borders (-90%). F. mediterranea was the most sensitive to sodium arsenite among fungi from grapevine woody tissues. These results strongly suggest that the effect of sodium arsenite on GTDs is due to its ability to efficiently and almost specifically eliminate F. mediterranea from white-rot necrotic tissues, allowing saprobic fungi to colonize the tissues previously occupied by this pathogenic fungus.

Published
2021
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18. Sodium arsenite effect on Vitis vinifera L. Physiology.

Author

Songy A, Vallet J, Gantet M, Boos A, Ronot P, Tarnus C, Clément C, Larignon P, Goddard ML, and Fontaine F

Subjects
Photosynthesis drug effects, Plant Diseases prevention & control, Plant Leaves drug effects, Plant Leaves metabolism, Plant Roots drug effects, Plant Roots metabolism, Plant Stems drug effects, Plant Stems metabolism, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Vitis growth & development, Vitis physiology, Arsenites pharmacology, Sodium Compounds pharmacology, Vitis drug effects
Abstract

Sodium arsenite (NaAsO 2 ) was especially used as a dormant spray to control grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) in European vineyards until 2003 when it was banned. It was an efficient product but it was banned due to high risk for human health and the environment. Now, as one of the consequences with climatic changes, GTDs threaten the sustainability of vineyards since no similar and efficacious sprays are presently available to reduce the impact of GTDs. Research efforts were devoted to identify other active ingredients and biological control agents but they remained limited in term of efficacy. New solutions might follow from a better understanding of the modes of action of sodium arsenite which are currently lacking, specially its impact on grapevine physiology. For this study, grafted plants cv. Tempranillo were sprayed by sodium arsenite at the end of the winter. During the vegetative period, the impact on plant physiology was studied by measurement of the photosynthetic activity, the vine growth and development, and some defense responses. Our results showed that arsenic was translocated throughout the vine with an increasing gradient from the leaves to the root system, that photosynthesis was firstly reduced and then stimulated, and that plant tolerance responses were induced especially antioxidant system. The activation of grapevine defense responses by sodium arsenite could be a complementary action to fight fungal pathogens in addition to the fungicide effect., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)

Published
2019
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19. Vitis Methods to Understand and Develop Strategies for Diagnosis and Sustainable Control of Grapevine Trunk Diseases.

Author

Reis P, Pierron R, Larignon P, Lecomte P, Abou-Mansour E, Farine S, Bertsch C, Jacques A, Trotel-Aziz P, Rego C, and Fontaine F

Subjects
Plant Diseases, Plant Leaves, Ascomycota, Vitis microbiology
Abstract

Vitis vinifera is affected by many diseases every year, depending on causal agents, susceptibility of cultivars, and climate region. Some are caused by a single agent, such as gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea or powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe necator . Others result from the actions of a complex of pathogens such as grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs). GTDs are presently among the most devastating diseases in viticulture worldwide because both the economic losses and the long-term sustainability of vineyards are strongly affected. The complexity of GTDs results from the diversity of associated fungi, the undetermined period of latency within the vine (asymptomatic status), the erratic foliar symptom expression from one year to the next, and, probably correlated with all of these points, the lack of efficient strategies to control them. Distinct methods can be beneficial to improve our knowledge of GTDs. In vitro bioassays with cell suspensions, calli, foliar discs, full leaves, or plantlets, and in vivo natural bioassays with cuttings, grafted plants in the greenhouse, or artificially infected ones in the vineyard, can be applied by using progressive integrative levels of in vitro and in vivo, depending on the information searched. In this review, the methods available to understand GTDs are described in terms of experimental procedures, main obtained results, and deliverable prospects. The advantages and disadvantages of each model are also discussed.

Published
2019
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20. Grapevine trunk diseases under thermal and water stresses.

Author

Songy A, Fernandez O, Clément C, Larignon P, and Fontaine F

Subjects
Dehydration, Droughts, Endophytes, Global Warming, Hot Temperature, Plant Stems microbiology, Plant Stems physiology, Vitis microbiology, Fungi physiology, Plant Diseases microbiology, Stress, Physiological, Vitis physiology
Abstract

Main Conclusion: Heat and water stresses, individually or combined, affect both the plant (development, physiology, and production) and the pathogens (growth, morphology, dissemination, distribution, and virulence). The grapevine response to combined abiotic and biotic stresses is complex and cannot be inferred from the response to each single stress. Several factors might impact the response and the recovery of the grapevine, such as the intensity, duration, and timing of the stresses. In the heat/water stress-GTDs-grapevine interaction, the nature of the pathogens, and the host, i.e., the nature of the rootstock, the cultivar and the clone, has a great importance. This review highlights the lack of studies investigating the response to combined stresses, in particular molecular studies, and the misreading of the relationship between rootstock and scion in the relationship GTDs/abiotic stresses. Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are one of the biggest threats to vineyard sustainability in the next 30 years. Although many treatments and practices are used to manage GTDs, there has been an increase in the prevalence of these diseases due to several factors such as vineyard intensification, aging vineyards, or nursery practices. The ban of efficient treatments, i.e., sodium arsenite, carbendazim, and benomyl, in the early 2000s may be partly responsible for the fast spread of these diseases. However, GTD-associated fungi can act as endophytes for several years on, or inside the vine until the appearance of the first symptoms. This prompted several researchers to hypothesise that abiotic conditions, especially thermal and water stresses, were involved in the initiation of GTD symptoms. Unfortunately, the frequency of these abiotic conditions occurring is likely to increase according to the recent consensus scenario of climate change, especially in wine-growing areas. In this article, following a review on the impact of combined thermal and water stresses on grapevine physiology, we will examine (1) how this combination of stresses might influence the lifestyle of GTD pathogens, (2) learnings from grapevine field experiments and modelling aiming at studying biotic and abiotic stresses, and (3) what mechanistic concepts can be used to explain how these stresses might affect the grapevine plant status.

Published
2019
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21. Diaporthe diversity and pathogenicity revealed from a broad survey of grapevine diseases in Europe.

Author

Guarnaccia V, Groenewald JZ, Woodhall J, Armengol J, Cinelli T, Eichmeier A, Ezra D, Fontaine F, Gramaje D, Gutierrez-Aguirregabiria A, Kaliterna J, Kiss L, Larignon P, Luque J, Mugnai L, Naor V, Raposo R, Sándor E, Váczy KZ, and Crous PW

Abstract

Species of Diaporthe are considered important plant pathogens, saprobes, and endophytes on a wide range of plant hosts. Several species are well-known on grapevines, either as agents of pre- or post-harvest infections, including Phomopsis cane and leaf spot, cane bleaching, swelling arm and trunk cankers. In this study we explore the occurrence, diversity and pathogenicity of Diaporthe spp. associated with Vitis vinifera in major grape production areas of Europe and Israel, focusing on nurseries and vineyards. Surveys were conducted in Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Spain and the UK. A total of 175 Diaporthe strains were isolated from asymptomatic and symptomatic shoots, branches and trunks. A multi-locus phylogeny was established based on five genomic loci (ITS, tef1 , cal , his3 and tub2 ), and the morphological characters of the isolates were determined. Preliminary pathogenicity tests were performed on green grapevine shoots with representative isolates. The most commonly isolated species were D. eres and D. ampelina . Four new Diaporthe species described here as D. bohemiae , D. celeris , D. hispaniae and D. hungariae were found associated with affected vines. Pathogenicity tests revealed D. baccae , D. celeris , D. hispaniae and D. hungariae as pathogens of grapevines. No symptoms were caused by D. bohemiae . This study represents the first report of D. ambigua and D. baccae on grapevines in Europe. The present study improves our understanding of the species associated with several disease symptoms on V. vinifera plants, and provides useful information for effective disease management.

Published
2018
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22. The Microvine, a plant model to study the effect of vine-shoot extract on the accumulation of glycosylated aroma precursors in grapes.

Author

Sánchez-Gómez R, Torregrosa L, Zalacain A, Ojeda H, Bouckenooghe V, Schneider R, Alonso GL, and Salinas MR

Subjects
Flowers drug effects, Flowers growth & development, Flowers metabolism, Fruit chemistry, Fruit drug effects, Fruit growth & development, Fruit metabolism, Glycosylation, Models, Biological, Odorants analysis, Phenols chemistry, Phenols metabolism, Plant Extracts chemistry, Plant Extracts metabolism, Plant Shoots growth & development, Plant Shoots metabolism, Plant Stems growth & development, Plant Stems metabolism, Vitis drug effects, Vitis growth & development, Vitis metabolism, Volatile Organic Compounds metabolism, Crop Production methods, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Plant Shoots chemistry, Plant Stems chemistry, Vitis chemistry, Volatile Organic Compounds chemistry, Wine analysis
Abstract

Background: The Microvine plant model displays unique reproductive organ behavior and is suitable for grapevine fruit physiological studies, allowing one to undertake studies up to five times more rapidly than the current situation with grapevines. Recently, vine-shoot aqueous extracts, which have an interesting phenolic and aroma composition, have been proposed as viticultural biostimulants, since their post-veraison foliar application to grapevines impacts the wine aroma profile. Using Microvines, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of vine-shoot extract foliar application on 21 stages of grape development. The application was carried out from BBCH 53 (inflorescences clearly visible) to BBCH 85 (softening of berries) to reveal stage-specific responses of the accumulation of glycosylated aroma precursors at BBCH 89 (berries ripe for harvest), the phenological stage selected to study the treatment effect., Results: Microvine use made it possible to carry out 15 sampling time points during 86 days of the experiment, which were established by the cumulative degree days (CDD) parameter. The results confirmed that vine-shoot extract treatment had a positive impact on total glycosylated compounds, especially aglycones such as alcohols, terpenes and C 13 -norisoprenoids, with a higher effect when the treatment was applied during ripening., Conclusion: Extrapolation of the results to grapevines suggests that vine-shoot extract treatment could modulate the synthesis of grape glycosylated aroma precursors. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry., (© 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.)

Published
2018
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23. Draft Genome Sequence of Diplodia seriata F98.1, a Fungal Species Involved in Grapevine Trunk Diseases.

Author

Robert-Siegwald G, Vallet J, Abou-Mansour E, Xu J, Rey P, Bertsch C, Rego C, Larignon P, Fontaine F, and Lebrun MH

Abstract

The ascomycete Diplodia seriata is a causal agent of grapevine trunk diseases. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of D. seriata isolate F98.1 (37.27 Mb, 512 contigs, 112 scaffolds, and 8,087 predicted protein-coding genes)., (Copyright © 2017 Robert-Siegwald et al.)

Published
2017
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24. Defense Responses in Grapevine (cv. Mourvèdre) after Inoculation with the Botryosphaeria Dieback Pathogens Neofusicoccum parvum and Diplodia seriata and Their Relationship with Flowering.

Author

Spagnolo A, Mondello V, Larignon P, Villaume S, Rabenoelina F, Clément C, and Fontaine F

Subjects
Gene Expression Profiling, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Ascomycota, Disease Resistance, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Plant Diseases microbiology, Vitis microbiology, Vitis physiology
Abstract

As a result of the increasing economic impact of grapevine trunk diseases on viticulture worldwide, efficient and viable control strategies are urgently needed. However, understanding both plant-pathogen interactions and plant physiological changes related to these diseases is fundamental to such an achievement. In this study, we analyzed the effect of inoculation with the Botryosphaeria dieback fungal agents, Neofusicoccum parvum and Diplodia seriata , with and without inflorescence removal at the onset of G stage (separated clusters), I stage (flowering) and M stage (veraison). A measure of lesion size and real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction-based analysis were carried out. The results clearly show the importance of inflorescences in the development of lesions associated with Botryosphaeria dieback pathogens inoculated on green stems of adult vines, especially at the onset of flowering. At flowering, the biggest necroses were observed with the inflorescences present, as well as an activation of the studied defense responses. Thus, an ineffective response to the pathogen could be consistent with a possible metabolic reprogramming linked to the host phenophase.

Published
2017
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25. Effect of pulsed electric field treatment during cold maceration and alcoholic fermentation on major red wine qualitative and quantitative parameters.

Author

El Darra N, Rajha HN, Ducasse MA, Turk MF, Grimi N, Maroun RG, Louka N, and Vorobiev E

Subjects
Cold Temperature, Fermentation, Polyphenols, Food Handling methods, Vitis chemistry, Wine analysis
Abstract

This work studies the effect of pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment at moderate and high field strengths (E=0.8kV/cm & 5kV/cm) prior and during alcoholic fermentation (AF) of red grapes on improving different parameters of pre-treated extracts: pH, °Brix, colour intensity (CI), total polyphenols content (TPI) of Cabernet Sauvignon red wine. Similar trends were observed for treating grapes using moderate and high electric field strength on the enhancement of CI and TPI of the wine after AF. The application of PEF using moderate strengths at different times during cold maceration (CM) (0, 2 and 4days) was more efficient for treatment during CM. The treatment during AF showed lower extraction rate compared to treating during CM and prior to AF. Our results clearly show that the best time for applying the PEF-treatment through the red fermentation is during the CM step., (Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Published
2016
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26. Innovative analysis of 3-mercaptohexan-1-ol, 3-mercaptohexylacetate and their corresponding disulfides in wine by stable isotope dilution assay and nano-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

Author

Roland A, Delpech S, Dagan L, Ducasse MA, Cavelier F, and Schneider R

Subjects
Glutathione analysis, Isotopes analysis, Oxidation-Reduction, Reproducibility of Results, Acetates analysis, Chromatography, Liquid, Disulfides analysis, Food Analysis methods, Sulfhydryl Compounds analysis, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Wine analysis
Abstract

Both 3-mercaptohexan-1-ol (3MH) and 3-mercaptohexyl acetate (3MHA) were largely studied for the last 20 years due to their pleasant olfactory notes conferred to wine. Until now, many analytical methods focused only on the free forms of both 3MH and 3MHA in wine that provided partial information in the wine aroma evolution. Our study proposes new analytical measurements which allow quantification of both free and disulfide forms of 3MH and 3MHA to better understand the redox phenomenon occurring in wines and further, to orientate wine aroma evolution. Free thiols were analyzed by an original method based on maleimide derivatization allowing in-situ disulfide reduction followed by SIDA-LC-MS/MS analyses exhibiting excellent performances. Indeed, the accuracy ranged from 95 to 110% in three different wine matrices and the repeatability and intermediate reproducibility were inferior to 15% (RSD measurements). Our method exhibited very low limits of detection, which are below to 0.5ng/L and inferior to the perception thresholds of both compounds. Then, this method was applied to three different wines exposed to several oxidative conditions. On the one hand, it was demonstrated that copper sulfate treatment firstly destroyed the total amount of free 3MH to the benefit of thioether and disulfides compounds, with proportions that could be slightly modified by glutathione addition. On the other hand, oxygenation of wines resulted in partial free 3MH destruction to the benefit of thioether compounds. We proposed for the first time an innovative analysis that gives a complete picture of wine aroma, which can be really useful to winemakers to manage wine aroma evolution and to take advantage of the disulfide reservoir., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2016
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27. Changes in polyphenol profiles and color composition of freshly fermented model wine due to pulsed electric field, enzymes and thermovinification pretreatments.

Author

El Darra N, Turk MF, Ducasse MA, Grimi N, Maroun RG, Louka N, and Vorobiev E

Subjects
Anthocyanins analysis, Bioreactors, Color, Fermentation, Flavonols analysis, Polyphenols chemistry, Wine analysis
Abstract

This work compares the effects of three pretreatments techniques: pulsed electric fields (PEFs), enzymes treatment (ET) and thermovinification (TV) on the improving of extraction of main phenolic compounds, color characteristics (L(∗)a(∗)b(∗)), and composition (copigmentation, non-discolored pigments) of freshly fermented model wine from Cabernet Sauvignon variety. The pretreatments produced differences in the wines, with the color of the freshly fermented model wine obtained from PEF and TV pretreated musts being the most different with an increase of 56% and 62%, respectively, compared to the control, while the color only increased by 22% for ET. At the end of the alcoholic fermentation, the contents of anthocyanins for all the pretreatments were not statistically different. However, for the content of total phenolics and total flavonols, PEF and TV were statistically different, but ET was not statistically different. The contents of flavonols in musts pretreated by PEF and TV were significantly higher comparing to the control. An increase of 48% and 97% was noted respectively, and only 4% for ET. A similar result was observed for the total phenolics with an increase by 18% and 32% respectively for PEF and TV, and only 3% for ET comparing to the control. The results suggest that the higher intensity and the difference of color composition between the control and pretreated freshly fermented model wines were not related only to a higher content of residual native polyphenols in these freshly fermented model wines. Other phenomena such as copigmentation and formation of derived pigments may be favored by these pretreatments., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2016
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28. Phytotoxic metabolites from Neofusicoccum parvum, a pathogen of Botryosphaeria dieback of grapevine.

Author

Abou-Mansour E, Débieux JL, Ramírez-Suero M, Bénard-Gellon M, Magnin-Robert M, Spagnolo A, Chong J, Farine S, Bertsch C, L'Haridon F, Serrano M, Fontaine F, Rego C, and Larignon P

Subjects
Cytotoxins chemistry, Molecular Structure, Quinones chemistry, Stereoisomerism, Ascomycota chemistry, Cytotoxins isolation & purification, Cytotoxins pharmacology, Plant Diseases microbiology, Quinones isolation & purification, Quinones pharmacology, Vitis microbiology
Abstract

Liquid chromatography-diode array screening of the organic extract of the cultures of 13 isolates of the fungus Neofusicoccum parvum, the main causal agent of botryosphaeria dieback of grapevine, showed similar metabolites. One strain was selected for further chemical studies and led to the isolation and characterisation of 13 metabolites. Structures were elucidated through spectroscopic analyses, including one- and two-dimensional NMR and mass spectrometry, and through comparison to literature data. The isolated compounds belong to four different chemical families: five metabolites, namely, (-)-terremutin (1), (+)-terremutin hydrate (2), (+)-epi-sphaeropsidone (3) (-)-4-chloro-terremutin hydrate (4) and(+)-4-hydroxysuccinate-terremutin hydrate (5), belong to the family of dihydrotoluquinones; two metabolites, namely, (6S,7R) asperlin (6) and (6R,7S)-dia-asperlin (7), belong to the family of epoxylactones; four metabolites, namely, (R)-(-)-mellein (8), (3R,4R)-4-hydroxymellein (9), (3R,4S)-4-hydroxymellein (10) (R)(-)-3-hydroxymellein (11), belong to the family of dihydroisocoumarins; and two of the metabolites, namely, 6-methyl-salicylic acid (12) and 2-hydroxypropyl salicylic acid (13), belong to the family of hydroxybenzoic acids. We determined the phytotoxic activity of the isolated metabolites through a leaf disc assay and the expression of defence-related genes in Vitis vinifera cells cv. Chardonnay cultured with (-)-terremutin (1), the most abundant metabolite. Finally, analysis of the brown stripes of grapevine wood from plants showing botryosphaeria dieback symptoms revealed the presence of two of the isolated phytotoxins., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2015
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29. Flowering as the most highly sensitive period of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv Mourvèdre) to the Botryosphaeria dieback agents Neofusicoccum parvum and Diplodia seriata infection.

Author

Spagnolo A, Larignon P, Magnin-Robert M, Hovasse A, Cilindre C, Van Dorsselaer A, Clément C, Schaeffer-Reiss C, and Fontaine F

Subjects
Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional, Plant Proteins metabolism, Proteome analysis, Proteome metabolism, Proteomics, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Vitis growth & development, Ascomycota physiology, Plant Diseases microbiology, Plant Proteins analysis, Vitis microbiology, Vitis physiology
Abstract

Botryosphaeria dieback is a fungal grapevine trunk disease that currently represents a threat for viticulture worldwide because of the important economical losses due to reduced yield of affected plants and their premature death. Neofusicoccum parvum and Diplodia seriata are among the causal agents. Vine green stems were artificially infected with N. parvum or D. seriata at the onset of three different phenological stages (G stage (separated clusters), flowering and veraison). Highest mean lesion lengths were recorded at flowering. Major proteome changes associated to artificial infections during the three different phenological stages were also reported using two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D)-based analysis. Twenty (G stage), 15 (flowering) and 13 (veraison) differentially expressed protein spots were subjected to nanoLC-MS/MS and a total of 247, 54 and 25 proteins were respectively identified. At flowering, a weaker response to the infection was likely activated as compared to the other stages, and some defense-related proteins were even down regulated (e.g., superoxide dismutase, major latex-like protein, and pathogenesis related protein 10). Globally, the flowering period seemed to represent the period of highest sensitivity of grapevine to Botryosphaeria dieback agent infection, possibly being related to the high metabolic activity in the inflorescences.

Published
2014
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30. [Esca and Black Dead Arm: two major actors of grapevine trunk diseases].

Author

Larignon P, Fontaine F, Farine S, Clément C, and Bertsch C

Subjects
History, 19th Century, Plant Diseases history, Wine, Fungi pathogenicity, Plant Diseases microbiology, Vitis microbiology
Abstract

Grapevine trunk diseases are very harmful to wine-growing heritage durability because the fungi responsible, by attacking perennial organs, cause at a more or less long-term the death of the vine stock. Esca and BDA are the two main pathogens inducing such decaying diseases. The infection can be diagnosed by the presence in the wood forming tissues of sectorial and/or central necrosis, which revealed itself by brown stripes or canker, and at the foliar level by discoloration and withering. This review presents an overview of both Esca and BDA, their symptomatology, the characteristics of the associated fungi and host-pathogen interactions. To conclude, a progress report on the control of both diseases is discussed.

Published
2009
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