42 results on '"Pérez-Torras, Sandra"'
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2. APRENDIZAJE BASADO EN JUEGOS: UNA ESCAPE-ROOM ON-LINE DE AMINOÁCIDOS Y PROTEÍNAS
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Centelles, Josep Joan, primary, Imperial, Santiago, additional, Pérez-Torras, Sandra, additional, Moreno, Estefania, additional, and Atauri, Pedro R. de, additional
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- 2023
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3. OncomiRs miR-106a and miR-17 negatively regulate the nucleoside-derived drug transporter hCNT1
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Boces-Pascual, Clara, Mata-Ventosa, Aida, Martín-Satué, Mireia, Boix, Loreto, Gironella, Meritxell, Pastor-Anglada, Marçal, and Pérez-Torras, Sandra
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- 2021
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4. FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) modulates key enzymes of nucleotide metabolism implicated in cytarabine responsiveness in pediatric acute leukemia
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Perelló-Reus, Catalina M., Català, Albert, Caviedes-Cárdenas, Liska, Vega-García, Nerea, Camós, Mireia, Pérez-Torras, Sandra, and Pastor-Anglada, Marçal
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- 2020
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5. Deficiency of perforin and hCNT1, a novel inborn error of pyrimidine metabolism, associated with a rapidly developing lethal phenotype due to multi-organ failure
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Pérez-Torras, Sandra, Mata-Ventosa, Aida, Drögemöller, Britt, Tarailo-Graovac, Maja, Meijer, Judith, Meinsma, Rutger, van Cruchten, Arno G., Kulik, Wim, Viel-Oliva, Albert, Bidon-Chanal, Axel, Ross, Colin J., Wassermann, Wyeth W., van Karnebeek, Clara D.M., Pastor-Anglada, Marçal, and van Kuilenburg, André B.P.
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- 2019
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6. Supplementary Figure 1 from Connexin-26 Is a Key Factor Mediating Gemcitabine Bystander Effect
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Garcia-Rodríguez, Laura, primary, Pérez-Torras, Sandra, primary, Carrió, Meritxell, primary, Cascante, Anna, primary, García-Ribas, Ignacio, primary, Mazo, Adela, primary, and Fillat, Cristina, primary
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- 2023
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7. Supplementary Figure Legend from Connexin-26 Is a Key Factor Mediating Gemcitabine Bystander Effect
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Garcia-Rodríguez, Laura, primary, Pérez-Torras, Sandra, primary, Carrió, Meritxell, primary, Cascante, Anna, primary, García-Ribas, Ignacio, primary, Mazo, Adela, primary, and Fillat, Cristina, primary
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- 2023
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8. Pharmacogenomic analyzis of the responsiveness of gastrointestinal tumor cell lines to drug therapy: A transportome approach
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Grañé-Boladeras, Natàlia, Pérez-Torras, Sandra, Lozano, Juan José, Romero, Marta R., Mazo, Adela, Marín, José J.G., and Pastor-Anglada, Marçal
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- 2016
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9. Ribonucleotide reductase is an effective target to overcome gemcitabine resistance in gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells with dual resistant factors
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Minami, Kentaro, Shinsato, Yoshinari, Yamamoto, Masatatsu, Takahashi, Homare, Zhang, Shaoxuan, Nishizawa, Yukihiko, Tabata, Sho, Ikeda, Ryuji, Kawahara, Kohich, Tsujikawa, Kazutake, Chijiiwa, Kazuo, Yamada, Katsushi, Akiyama, Shin-ichi, Pérez-Torras, Sandra, Pastor-Anglada, Marcal, Furukawa, Tatsuhiko, and Yasuo, Takeda
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- 2015
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10. Latanoprost-Loaded Nanotransfersomes Designed for Scalp Administration Enhance Keratinocytes Proliferation
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Pena-Rodríguez, Eloy, primary, García-Vega, Laura, additional, Lajarin Reinares, Maria, additional, Pastor-Anglada, Marçal, additional, Pérez-Torras, Sandra, additional, and Fernandez-Campos, Francisco, additional
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- 2022
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11. Inborn Errors of Nucleoside Transporter (NT)-Encoding Genes (SLC28 and SLC29)
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Pastor-Anglada, Marçal, primary, Mata-Ventosa, Aida, additional, and Pérez-Torras, Sandra, additional
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- 2022
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12. Latanoprost-Loaded Nanotransfersomes Designed for Scalp Administration Enhance Keratinocytes Proliferation.
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Pena-Rodríguez, Eloy, García-Vega, Laura, Lajarin Reinares, Maria, Pastor-Anglada, Marçal, Pérez-Torras, Sandra, and Fernandez-Campos, Francisco
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- 2023
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13. An Escape-Room about Krebs cycle prepared for Chemical Students
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Marín, Silvia, primary, De Atauri, Pedro R., additional, Moreno, Estefania, additional, Pérez-Torras, Sandra, additional, Farràs, Jaume, additional, Imperial, Santiago, additional, Cascante, Marta, additional, and Centelles, Josep Joan, additional
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- 2022
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14. The Physicochemical, Biopharmaceutical, and In Vitro Efficacy Properties of Freeze-Dried Dexamethasone-Loaded Lipomers
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Pena-Rodríguez, Eloy, primary, Mata-Ventosa, Aida, additional, Garcia-Vega, Laura, additional, Pérez-Torras, Sandra, additional, and Fernández-Campos, Francisco, additional
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- 2021
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15. Characterization of human pancreatic orthotopic tumor xenografts suitable for drug screening
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Pérez-Torras, Sandra, Vidal-Pla, Anna, Miquel, Rosa, Almendro, Vanessa, Fernández-Cruz, Laureano, Navarro, Salvador, Maurel, Joan, Carbó, Neus, Gascón, Pere, and Mazo, Adela
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- 2011
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16. Adenoviral-mediated overexpression of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) enhances gemcitabine response in human pancreatic cancer
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Pérez-Torras, Sandra, García-Manteiga, José, Mercadé, Elena, Casado, F. Javier, Carbó, Neus, Pastor-Anglada, Marçal, and Mazo, Adela
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- 2008
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17. Dexamethasone-Loaded Lipomers: Development, Characterization, and Skin Biodistribution Studies
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Pena-Rodríguez, Eloy, primary, Lajarin-Reinares, Maria, additional, Mata-Ventosa, Aida, additional, Pérez-Torras, Sandra, additional, and Fernández-Campos, Francisco, additional
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- 2021
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18. An Escape-Room about Krebs cycle prepared for Chemical Students.
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Marín, Silvia, de Atauri, Pedro R., Moreno, Estefania, Pérez-Torras, Sandra, Farràs, Jaume, Imperial, Santiago, Cascante, Marta, and Centelles, Josep J.
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ESCAPE rooms ,KREBS cycle ,SCIENCE education ,BIOCHEMISTRY ,GAMES - Abstract
Games are excellent teaching tools for self-learning. Students playing a game enjoy themselves and at the same time learn basic and important concepts. Different games including crossword puzzles, word search puzzles, knight's tour games, connecting dots, mazes, matching two sets, amidakuji, and logic games were used for continuous assessment during the confinement due to pandemic. These games were developed as part of the GINDO-UB180 teaching innovation group activities. Since these games were very successful, we decided to combine all of them and construct a new teaching activity, that would help our students to study one essential metabolic pathway: The Krebs cycle. This activity (https://forms.gle/BPvpnLQRNYNPxcLQ7) is an Escaperoom, and it was recently tested by our students in a General Biochemistry course. The code of the Escape room after the game is a word: either the longest in the letter soup, an anagram from several boxes from the crossword puzzles, the sentence from the knight's tour game, or a word obtained following a maze. The results obtained after carrying out the Escape room will be compared with those obtained using previous tasks in terms of assessment and acceptance by the students in order to be included in the future as self-evaluation activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
19. Aquaporin 3 (AQP3) participates in the cytotoxic response to nucleoside-derived drugs
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Trigueros-Motos Laia, Pérez-Torras Sandra, Casado F, Molina-Arcas Míriam, and Pastor-Anglada Marçal
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Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract Background Nucleoside analogs used in the chemotherapy of solid tumors, such as the capecitabine catabolite 5′-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5′-DFUR) trigger a transcriptomic response that involves the aquaglyceroporin aquaporin 3 along with other p53-dependent genes. Here, we examined whether up-regulation of aquaporin 3 (AQP3) mRNA in cancer cells treated with 5′-DFUR represents a collateral transcriptomic effect of the drug, or conversely, AQP3 participates in the activity of genotoxic agents. Methods The role of AQP3 in cell volume increase, cytotoxicity and cell cycle arrest was analyzed using loss-of-function approaches. Results 5′-DFUR and gemcitabine, but not cisplatin, stimulated AQP3 expression and cell volume, which was partially and significantly blocked by knockdown of AQP3. Moreover, AQP3 siRNA significantly blocked other effects of nucleoside analogs, including G1/S cell cycle arrest, p21 and FAS up-regulation, and cell growth inhibition. Short incubations with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) also induced AQP3 expression and increased cell volume, and the inhibition of AQP3 expression significantly blocked growth inhibition triggered by this drug. To further establish whether AQP3 induction is related to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, cells were exposed to long incubations with escalating doses of 5-FU. AQP3 was highly up-regulated at doses associated with cell cycle arrest, whereas at doses promoting apoptosis induction of AQP3 mRNA expression was reduced. Conclusions Based on the results, we propose that the aquaglyceroporin AQP3 is required for cytotoxic activity of 5’-DFUR and gemcitabine in the breast cancer cell line MCF7 and the colon adenocarcinoma cell line HT29, and is implicated in cell volume increase and cell cycle arrest.
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- 2012
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20. Intestinal Nucleoside Transporters: Function, Expression, and Regulation
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Pastor‐Anglada, Marçal, primary, Urtasun, Nerea, additional, and Pérez‐Torras, Sandra, additional
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- 2018
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21. Who Is Who in Adenosine Transport
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Pastor-Anglada, Marçal, primary and Pérez-Torras, Sandra, additional
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- 2018
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22. Emerging Roles of Nucleoside Transporters
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Pastor-Anglada, Marçal, primary and Pérez-Torras, Sandra, additional
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- 2018
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23. Role of drug-dependent transporter modulation on the chemosensitivity of cholangiocarcinoma
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Urtasun, Nerea, primary, Boces-Pascual, Clara, additional, Boix, Loreto, additional, Bruix, Jordi, additional, Pastor-Anglada, Marçal, additional, and Pérez-Torras, Sandra, additional
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- 2017
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24. Human pancreatic cancer stem cells are sensitive to dual inhibition of IGF-IR and ErbB receptors
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Urtasun, Nerea, Vidal-Pla, Anna, Pérez-Torras, Sandra, and Mazo, Adela
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Cancer Research ,Cancer stem cells ,Cell Survival ,IGF-IR ,EGFR ,Her-2 ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Lapatinib ,Receptor, IGF Type 1 ,Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ,ErbB Receptors ,Pancreatic Neoplasms ,Oncology ,Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Spheroids, Cellular ,Genetics ,Neoplastic Stem Cells ,Quinazolines ,Tumor Cells, Cultured ,Humans ,Protein Kinase Inhibitors ,Research Article ,Cell Proliferation ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a particularly challenging malignancy characterized by poor responsiveness to conventional chemotherapy. Although this tumor frequently overexpresses or possesses constitutively activated variants of IGF-IR and EGFR/Her-2, clinical trials using inhibitors of these receptors have failed. ErbB receptors have been proposed as one mechanism involved in the resistance to IGF-IR inhibitors. Therefore, combined treatment with inhibitors of both IGF-IR and ErbB receptors would appear to be a good strategy for overcoming the emergence of resistance. Methods Sensitivity of cells to NVP-AEW541 and lapatinib in single or combination treatment was assessed by MTT or WST-8 assays in a panel of human pancreatic cancer cell lines and cancer stem cells. Tumorspheres enriched in cancer stem cells were obtained from cultures growing in non-adherent cell plates. The effects on cell signalling pathways were analyzed by Western blot. Results We found that combined treatment with the IGF-IR and EGFR/Her-2 inhibitors NVP-AEW541 and lapatinib, respectively, synergistically inhibited pancreatic cancer cell growth. Analysis at molecular level argued in favor of cross-talk between IGF-IR and ErbBs pathways at IRS-1 level and indicated that the synergistic effect is associated with the total abolishment of Akt, Erk and IRS-1 phosphorylation. Moreover, these inhibitors acted synergistically in tumorsphere cultures to eliminate cancer stem cells, in contrast to their resistance to gemcitabine. Conclusions Taken together, these data indicate that simultaneous blockade of IGF-IR and EGFR/Her-2 using NVP-AEW541 and lapatinib may overcome resistance in pancreatic cancer. Thus, the synergy observed with this combined treatment indicates that it may be possible to maximize patient benefit with the appropriate combination of currently known anticancer agents. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1249-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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- 2015
25. Nucleoside transporter proteins as biomarkers of drug responsiveness and drug targets
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Pastor-Anglada, Marçal, Pérez-Torras, Sandra, and Universitat de Barcelona
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Pharmacology ,nucleoside transporter ,Drugs of abuse ,viral diseases ,Proteïnes portadores ,Carrier proteins ,nucleoside analog ,Nucleosides ,Nucleòsids ,biomarker ,cancer ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Drogues ,ENT1 - Abstract
Nucleoside and nucleobase analogs are currently used in the treatment of solid tumors, lymphoproliferative diseases, viral infections such as hepatitis and AIDS, and some inflammatory diseases such as Crohn. Two gene families are implicated in the uptake of nucleosides and nucleoside analogs into cells, SCL28 and SLC29. The former encodes hCNT1, hCNT2, and hCNT3 proteins. They translocate nucleosides in a Na+ coupled manner with high affinity and some substrate selectivity, being hCNT1 and hCNT2 pyrimidine- and purine-preferring, respectively, and hCNT3 a broad selectivity transporter. SLC29 genes encode four members, being hENT1 and hENT2 the only two which are unequivocally implicated in the translocation of nucleosides and nucleobases (the latter mostly via hENT2) at the cell plasma membrane. Some nucleoside-derived drugs can also interact with and be translocated by members of the SLC22 gene family, particularly hOCT and hOAT proteins. Inter-individual differences in transporter function and perhaps, more importantly, altered expression associated with the disease itself might modulate the transporter profile of target cells, thereby determining drug bioavailability and action. Drug transporter pharmacology has been periodically reviewed. Thus, with this contribution we aim at providing a state-of-the-art overview of the clinical evidence generated so far supporting the concept that these membrane proteins can indeed be biomarkers suitable for diagnosis and/or prognosis. Last but not least, some of these transporter proteins can also be envisaged as drug targets, as long as they can show “transceptor” functions, in some cases related to their role as modulators of extracellular adenosine levels, thereby providing a functional link between P1 receptors and transporters.
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- 2015
26. Transportome Profiling Identifies Profound Alterations in Crohn’s Disease Partially Restored by Commensal Bacteria
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Pérez-Torras, Sandra, primary, Iglesias, Ingrid, additional, Llopis, Marta, additional, Lozano, Juan J., additional, Antolín, María, additional, Guarner, Francisco, additional, and Pastor-Anglada, Marçal, additional
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- 2016
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27. Concentrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hCNT1) promotes phenotypic changes relevant to tumor biology in a translocation-independent manner
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Pérez Torras, Sandra, Vidal Pla, Anna, Cano Soldado, Pedro Javier, Huber Ruano, Isabel, Mazo Sánchez, Adela, Pastor Anglada, Marçal, and Universitat de Barcelona
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hCNT1 ,Cell death ,Cell Survival ,MAP Kinase Signaling System ,Genetic Vectors ,Gene Expression ,Adenocarcinoma ,Cell cycle ,Cicle cel·lular ,Adenoviridae ,transceptor ,Cell Line, Tumor ,cell signaling ,Humans ,Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases ,Càncer ,Cell Shape ,Cancer ,nucleoside transporter ,Cell Death ,Nucleotides ,Cell Cycle ,Membrane Transport Proteins ,Biological Transport ,Nucleosides ,Transport biològic ,Tumor Burden ,Pancreatic Neoplasms ,Nucleòtids ,Phenotype ,Mort cel·lular ,Original Article ,Biological transport ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ,Neoplasm Transplantation - Abstract
Nucleoside transporters (NTs) mediate the uptake of nucleosides and nucleobases across the plasma membrane, mostly for salvage purposes. The canonical NTs belong to two gene families, SLC29 and SLC28. The former encode equilibrative nucleoside transporter proteins (ENTs), which mediate the facilitative diffusion of natural nucleosides with broad selectivity, whereas the latter encode concentrative nucleoside transporters (CNTs), which are sodium-coupled and show high affinity for substrates with variable selectivity. These proteins are expressed in most cell types, exhibiting apparent functional redundancy. This might indicate that CNTs play specific roles in the physiology of the cell beyond nucleoside salvage. Here, we addressed this possibility using adenoviral vectors to restore tumor cell expression of hCNT1 or a polymorphic variant (hCNT1S546P) lacking nucleoside translocation ability. We found that hCNT1 restoration in pancreatic cancer cells significantly altered cell-cycle progression and phosphorylation status of key signal-transducing kinases, promoted poly-(ADP ribose) polymerase hyperactivation and cell death, and reduced tumor growth and cell migration. Importantly, the translocation-defective transporter triggered these same effects on cell physiology. These data predict a novel and totally unexpected biological role for the nucleoside transporter protein hCNT1 that appears to be independent of its role as mediator of nucleoside uptake by cells, thereby suggesting a transceptor function. Cell Death & Disease Anastasis Stephanou Receiving Editor Cell Death & Disease 19th Apr 2013 Dr Perez-Torras Av/ Diagonal 643. Edif. Prevosti, Pl -1 Barcelona 08028 Spain RE: Manuscript CDDIS-13-0136R, 'CDDIS-13-0136R' Dear Dr Perez-Torras, It is a pleasure to inform you that your manuscript has been evaluated at the editorial level and has now been officially accepted for publication in Cell Death & Disease, pending you meet the following editorial requirements: 1) the list of the abbreviations is missing please include Could you send us the revised text as word file via e-mail and we will proceed and transfer the paper onto our typesetters. Please download, print, sign, and return the Licence to Publish Form using the link below. This must be returned via FAX to ++ 39 06 7259 6977 before your manuscript can be published
- Published
- 2013
28. Modulació de la sensibilitat a la gemcitabina mitjançant estratègies de teràpia gènica en càncer de pàncreas humà
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Pérez Torras, Sandra, Mazo Sánchez, Adela, and Universitat de Barcelona. Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular (Biologia)
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Càncer de pàncreas ,Nucleosides ,Gemcitabina ,Genètica molecular ,Terapia gènica ,Ciències Experimentals i Matemàtiques ,Nucleòsids ,Gene therapy ,Teràpia genètica ,Carcinogènesi ,Molecular genetics ,Càncer de pàncrees ,Pancreas cancer - Abstract
El càncer de pàncreas és la quarta causa de mortalitat en el món industrialitzat. Per tant cal avançar cap a la recerca de noves aproximacions terapèutiques que ens permetin millorar aquest pronòstic. Actualment la gemcitabina és el fàrmac d'elecció, tot i que els resultats són clarament insuficients. En aquest marc s'ha desenvolupat aquest treball amb l'objectiu de millorar els efectes de la gemcitabina emprant estratègies de teràpia gènica en models in vitro i in vivo de càncer de pàncreas humà.La primera aproximació ha consistit en la reintroducció dels transportadors de nucleòsids hCNT1 i hENT1 mitjançant vectors adenovirals defectius. Els resultats obtinguts ha posat de manifest que la sobrexpressió del transportador de nucleòsids equilibratiu hENT1 mitjançada per adenovirus permet assolir un augment significatiu del transport sensible a NBTI en línies cel·lulars amb un transport basal baix, alhora que indueix un arrest a la fase G2 del cicle cel·lular i redueix l'expressió d'enzims implicats en el metabolisme dels àcids nuclèics. Per altra banda, la combinació terapèutica de la introducció del transportador hENT1 i el fàrmac gemcitabina indueix, sorprenentment, quimioresistència en un model in vitro. Tanmateix, la transferència del transportador in vivo combinada amb el fàrmac afavoreix la inhibició del creixement tumoral. La introducció per infecció adenoviral del transportador hCNT1 provoca un augment del transport sodi-dependent i indueix un arrest a la fase S del cicle cel·lular en cèl·lules tumorals. La sobrexpressió de hCNT1 indueix mort cel·lular per necrosi i inhibeix eficientment el creixement de tumors al teixit subcutani de ratolins atímics. Al mateix temps, la combinació terapèutica amb la gemcitabina provoca una major inhibició del creixement tumoral.La segona aproximació s'ha basat en la determinació de la implicació de la comunicació intercel·lular en els efectes citotòxics de la gemcitabina. Així com, la modulació d'aquesta citotoxicitat per sobrexpressió de connexina 26 tant in vitro com in vivo. Els resultats obtinguts han mostrat que els nivells de comunicació intercel·lular mitjançats per unions gap determinen l'eficàcia citotòxica de la gemcitabina. Aquesta correlació posa de manifest que la resposta citotòxica a aquest fàrmac pot amplificar-se per efecte adjacent. L'augment de comunicació cel·lular per sobrexpressió de connexina 26 corrobora l'existència d'efecte adjacent in vitro i millora la resposta antitumoral in vivo.En la tercera aproximació hem unit la teràpia gènica amb p53 amb la replicació viral en el que s'anomena viroteràpia gènica amb la finalitat de potenciar els resultats previs descrits amb aquestes dues estratègies per separat. Per això, s'han generat adenovirus replicatius armats amb el transgèn de p53 i tatp53 sota el control del promotor de fase tardana (MLP) del virus i s'han caracteritzat els seus efectes en models in vitro i in vivo de càncer de pàncreas humà. El conjunt de resultats ha posat de manifest que l'expressió de p53 en la fase tardana de la replicació adenoviral millora l'acció antitumoral de l'adenovirus quan aquest és injectat intratumoralment.En l'últim bloc s'ha dut a terme l'establiment i estandarització de xenoimplants ortotòpics a partir de tumors subcutanis de cèl·lules tumorals i de nous models ortotòpics procedents directament de fragments quirúrgics d'adenocarcinomes pancreàtics humans amb la finalitat de poder validar diferents combinacions terapèutiques. L'estandarització i caracterització d'aquests models ortotòpics ha evidenciat que les característiques histològiques i genètiques, així com el patró de disseminació metastàtica dels tumors d'origen es mantenen estables al llarg de, com a mínim, 3 generacions., Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of mortality in the industrialized world. Therefore, the research of new therapeutic approaches is essential to improve this negative prognosis. Nowadays, gemcitabine is the standard first line treatment drug, even though results are clearly insufficient. In this framework, the aim of this work has been to improve the effects of gemcitabine by means of gene therapy strategies in in vitro and in vivo models of human pancreatic cancer.The first approach consists of overexpressing nucleoside transporters hCNT1 and hENT1 through defective adenoviral vectors. Overexpression of hENT1 allows a moderate increase on nucleoside transport activity NBTI-sensitive and is associated with cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, therapeutic combination of hENT1 introduction and gemcitabine enhances the inhibition of tumour growth. Introduction of hCNT1 provokes an increase in sodium-dependent transport activity and induces an S-phase cell cycle arrest. hCNT1 overexpression induces necrosis and efficiently inhibit tumour growth. Besides, combination of hCNT1 with gemcitabine enhances the inhibition of tumour growth.The second approach is based on the analysis of intercellular comunication involvement on gemcitabine cytotoxicity and the modulation by connexin 26 overexpression. Results show that gap junctions determine gemcitabine cytotoxicity. This correlation reveals that cytotoxic response to this drug could be magnified by bystander effect. The increase in cellular comunication by connexin 26 overexpression confirms the existence of bystander effect in vitro and improves antitumoral response in vivo.In the third approach, p53 gene therapy and viral replication have been joined to perform gene virotherapy. Replicative adenoviruses armed with p53 or tatp53 under the adenoviral major late promoter (MLP) control have been generated. Their effects have been characterized in vitro and in vivo. The results show that later p53 expression in replicative adenovirus improves antitumoral action of adenovirus when is intratumourally injected.The last point consists of the establishment and characterization of orthotopic xenografts developed from tumour cells and new orthotopic models obtained directly from surgical human pancreatic adenocarcinoma fragments. These orthotopic models retain histologic and genetic characteristics. Dissemination patterns are stable for at least three generations as well.
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- 2007
29. Role of the Transporter Regulator Protein (RS1) in the Modulation of Concentrative Nucleoside Transporters (CNTs) in Epithelia
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Errasti-Murugarren, Ekaitz, primary, Fernández-Calotti, Paula, additional, Veyhl-Wichmann, Mayke, additional, Diepold, Maximilian, additional, Pinilla-Macua, Itziar, additional, Pérez-Torras, Sandra, additional, Kipp, Helmut, additional, Koepsell, Hermann, additional, and Pastor-Anglada, Marçal, additional
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- 2012
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30. New role of the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) in Epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition in renal tubular cells
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Guillén‐Gómez, Elena, primary, Pinilla‐Macua, Itziar, additional, Pérez‐Torras, Sandra, additional, Choi, Doo‐Sup, additional, Arce, Yolanda, additional, Ballarín, José A., additional, Pastor‐Anglada, Marçal, additional, and Díaz‐Encarnación, Montserrat M., additional
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- 2012
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31. Connexin-26 Is a Key Factor Mediating Gemcitabine Bystander Effect
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Garcia-Rodríguez, Laura, primary, Pérez-Torras, Sandra, additional, Carrió, Meritxell, additional, Cascante, Anna, additional, García-Ribas, Ignacio, additional, Mazo, Adela, additional, and Fillat, Cristina, additional
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- 2011
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32. Implicació del miRNorma tumoral en l´expressió del transportador concentratiu de nucleòsids hCNT1
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Boces Pascual, Clara, Pérez Torras, Sandra, Pastor Anglada, Marçal, and Universitat de Barcelona. Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular
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Carcinogénesis ,Micro RNAs ,MicroRNAs ,Nucleòsids ,Càncer colorectal ,Carcinogenesis ,Cáncer colorrectal ,Carcinogènesi ,Nucleosides ,Nucleósidos ,Colorectal cancer ,Ciències Experimentals i Matemàtiques - Abstract
[eng] Human Concentrative Nucleoside Transporters (hCNTs) are encoded by SLC28 gene family. It has been demonstrated that hCNT1 is lost in some cancers. Furthermore, hCNTs have the ability of translocating selected nucleoside- derivatives, currently used in anticancer therapies, for that reason, a change in their expression profile could affect drug bioavailability and drug chemoresistance. Recent studies demonstrate that hCNT1 has also additional functions, being a transceptor and it is likely to be relevant in tumor biology and during the carcinogenic process. Although mechanisms responsible for hCNT1 loss during carcinogenesis are unknown, it seems likely that epigenetic modifications might be able to affect hCNT1 expression and functional activity. miRNAs are small, non-codding transcripts which play a key role during the carcinogenic process with a discriminatory expression profiles significantly different to healthy individuals. miRNAs pair to mRNA by complementarity to 3’UTR extreme of the target gene, modulating its expression. The objective of this work aims to elucidate miRNAs associated with hCNT1 loss of expression in CRC, PDAC and HCC. The analysis of paired clinical samples of CRC, PDAC and HCC confirm the decrease of hCNT1 compared to the adjacent non-tumoral tissue. Also, increased expression of miR-106a, miR-17 and miR- 18a is correlated with hCNT1 loss of expression in the same clinical samples. The luciferase assay validates hCNT1 as a direct target of miR-106a and miR-17. Furthermore, the modulation of these miRNAs could affect hCNT1 mRNA and protein levels. A new 3D cell culture model (spheroids) is presented to increase basal levels of endogenous hCNT1 compared to monolayer cell culture. This new model allows to evaluate hCNT1 modulation by miRNAs as an easy and complete way. The results obtained in spheroid culture confirm the ability of miR-106a and miR-17 to regulate hCNT1 expression. Moreover, miRNAs silencing increase gemcitabine effect in spheroids. All these results propose miR-106a and miR-17 as possible new therapeutic targets to improve nucleoside analogs treatment by increasing hCNT1 and also the possibility of using them as biomarkers.
- Published
- 2020
33. Lligams funcionals i bioquímics entre els transportadors de nucleòsids i el metabolisme de nucleòtids
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Perelló-Reus, Catalina, Pastor Anglada, Marçal, Pérez Torras, Sandra, and Universitat de Barcelona. Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular
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Pharmacology ,Farmacologia ,Regulación del metabolismo ,Nucleotides ,Farmacología ,Nucleosides ,Ciències Experimentals i Matemàtiques ,Nucleòtids ,Nucleótidos ,Nucleòsids ,Regulació del metabolisme ,Metabolic regulation ,Nucleósidos - Abstract
[eng] Maintenance of balanced nucleotide pools is necessary for cellular homeostasis. The nucleotide content of the cell is determined by the uptake of nucleosides by specific transporters, the salvage pathway and de novo synthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides. These pathways are highly regulated at different levels and likely to be controlled by mechanisms allowing some sort of coordination among them. In order to decipher possible functional links within this machinery, in this work we have explored the relationship between nucleoside transporters and other elements of nucleotide metabolism. We have studied the interaction and the possible functional link of the human concentrative nucleoside transporter 3 (CNT3) with ADK (adenosine kinase), SAMHD1 (sterile alpha-motif (SAM) and histidine-aspartate (HD) domain-containing protein 1) and QDPR (quinoid dihydropteridin reductase), all of them somehow related to nucleotide metabolism. Biochemical and functional validation of these interactions has evidenced the interconnection between CNT3 and the machinery implicated in nucleotide metabolism. Furthermore, nucleoside analogues are used in the treatment of cancer but they are often administered as pro-drugs. Their metabolic activation takes profit of different metabolic steps known to be implicated in nucleotide metabolism. Thus, changes in these pathways can be extremely relevant in determining drug activation and action in cancer therapy. Recently, combinations of the nucleoside analog Ara-C (cytarabine) and FMS-like tyrosine kinase (FLT3) inhibitors have been developed as first line treatments of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We have observed that FLT3 positively correlates with enzymes implicated in Ara-C metabolism such as deoxycytidine kinase (dCK), 5’-nucleotidase cN-II and SAMHD1. We have also demonstrated a link among these elements associated with FLT3 inhibition which supports the possibility of coordinated regulation of different elements of the nucleotide metabolic network by this tyrosine kinase receptor. These observations also suggest that, to avoid chemoresistance, it is important to consider the schedule of administration of Ara-C and FLT3 inhibitors in the treatment of AML. Overall, this study provides novel evidence suggesting the existence of protein networks able to promote coordinate regulation of the machinery implicated in nucleotide metabolism.
- Published
- 2020
34. Implicacions fisiopatològiques de l'alteració del transportador concentratiu de nucleòsids hCNT1
- Author
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Mata i Ventosa, Aida, Pastor Anglada, Marçal, Pérez Torras, Sandra, and Universitat de Barcelona. Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular (Biologia)
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Nucleòsids ,Transporte biológico ,Fisiologia patològica ,Nucleosides ,Nucleósidos ,Biological transport ,Fisiología patológica ,Transport biològic ,Pathological physiology ,Ciències Experimentals i Matemàtiques - Abstract
[cat] L’entrada de nucleòsids a la cèl·lula està regulada pels transportadors concentratius de nucleòsids (hCNTs, família gènica SLC28) i transportadors equilibratius de nucleòsids (hENTs, família gènica SLC29). S’ha descrit que l’expressió dels hCNTs disminueix en càncer, sobretot hCNT1. La restitució d’hCNT1 en models tumorals indueix canvis a la cèl·lula de caràcter supressor de tumor, i es donen independentment de la seva capacitat transportadora; per aquest motiu està classificat com a transceptor. Així, s’ha hipotetitzat que la desregulació d’hCNT1 és un esdeveniment primerenc en el procés de carcinogènesi. Per tant, l’objectiu principal d’aquesta tesi és elucidar els mecanismes de regulació d’hCNT1. Es va estudiar la base genètica de l’uridina-citidinúria en un pacient que presentava febre, hepatosplenomegàlia, acidosi làctica persistent, alteracions dels enzims hepàtics i que finalment va morir per fallada multiorgànica. Es van identificar les variants c.1528C>T (p.R510C) i c.1682G>A (p.R561Q) del gen SLC28A1 (hCNT1). L’anàlisi funcional d’aquestes variants va mostrar que afecten l’estructura tridimensional d’hCNT1, alteren el patró de glicosilació i disminueixen la vida mitjana dels mutants, comprometent l’activitat d’hCNT1. La co-transfecció d’ambdues variants, emulant la disposició al·lèlica trans del pacient, va mostrar disminució de l’activitat d’hCNT1. Un anàlisi posterior va identificar dues variants patogèniques del gen PRF1, indicant que el pacient també tenia Limfohistiocitosi Hemofagocítica Familiar tipus 2. Per tant, el pacient presentava un fenotip agreujat per la co-existència de dos defectes monogènics. En un estudi previ del grup utilitzant MYTH s’havia identificat l’E3 lligasa RNF41 com a proteïna d’interacció d’hCNT1. L’anàlisi del possible paper fisiològic va mostrar que la modulació d’RNF41 induïa canvis en l’activitat d’hCNT1, de manera que es va hipotetitzar que RNF41 ubiqüitinava hCNT1. Estudis d’inhibició del proteasoma amb hCNT1K19R (la lisina candidata mutada) no van mostrar canvis respecte hCNT1 WT. La interacció podria tenir altres funcions, com promoure el reciclatge d’hCNT1. Per altra banda, la pèrdua d’expressió dels hCNTs en càncer va propiciar l’estudi dels mecanismes de regulació dels gens corresponents. Així, es va determinar que l’estat de l’epigenoma condicionava l’expressió dels transportador, concretament l’acetilació de les histones. Es va tractar un panell de línies cel·lulars tumorals amb SAHA, un inhibidor d’histona desacetilases, i es va detectar increment de l’expressió dels transportadors hCNT1 i hCNT2 a temps curts que es traduïa en un augment d’activitat dependent dels hCNTs. Per estudiar els elements que podrien regular l’expressió d’hCNT1 es va clonar la regió promotora del gen SLC28A1, l’activitat del qual depèn del context cel·lular. La regió amb major activitat promotora corresponia a un fragment de 400pb situat 1695pb downstream respecte l’inici de transcripció (TSS). Es van identificar els factors de transcripció STAT3, YY1, KLF6, p53 i E2F1 com a candidats a la regulació d’SLC28A1. Es va detectar que l’estat de p53 condicionava l’activitat del promotor d’SLC28A1. L’expressió heteròloga de KLF6 produïa una tendència d’increment d’expressió d’hCNT1 a nivell d’mRNA i cert augment del transport concentratiu. Es va identificar que KLF6 s’unia al promotor d’SLC28A1 a -470pb respecte el TSS. Per últim, s’ha relacionat l’eix CDK4-pRb-E2F1 amb l’expressió dels transportadors de nucleòsids. La inhibició de CDK4 amb abemaciclib produïa un augment d’expressió a nivell d’mRNA dels transportadors concentratius a temps curts, mentre que l’expressió d’hENT1 disminuïa. Per hCNT1 i hENT1 aquests canvis eren efectuats per E2F1, el qual s’ha demostrat que s’uneix al promotor d’SLC28A1 i SLC29A1. En silenciar E2F1, l’expressió d’hCNT1 i hENT1 augmentava, mentre que en sobreexpressar-lo, l’expressió d’hCNT1 era disminuïda. Per tant, E2F1 podria estar contribuint a la regulació de l’expressió coordinada dels transportadors hCNT1 i hENT1., [eng] Nucleoside transporters are divided in two gene families: SLC28, encoding the Concentrative Nucleoside Transporters (hCNT), and SLC29, encoding the Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporters (hENT). These proteins are expressed in most cell types, with apparent functional redundancy. It has been described that hCNTs expression, especially hCNT1, is downregulated in cancer. hCNT1 restoration in pancreatic cancer models altered signaling pathways, reduced cell migration and cell cycle progression, and induced non-apoptotic cell death, in a substrate translocation-independent manner. Thus, hCNT1 is considered a transceptor. Here we aim to elucidate what mechanisms regulate hCNT1 activity and SLC28A1 expression. A clinical case was presented with uridine- cytidineuria, fever, hepatosplenomegaly, persistent lactate acidosis, severely disturbed liver enzymes and ultimately multiorgan failure. Genetic analysis revealed two variants in SLC28A1 (hCNT1), c.1528C>T (p.R510C) and c1682G>A (p.R561Q). Functional analysis showed that these variants affected the three-dimensional structure of hCNT1, altered glycosylation and decreased the half-life of the mutant proteins which resulted in impaired transport activity. Co-transfection of both variants, mimicking the allelic trans disposition in the patient, significantly impaired hCNT1 biological function. The patient was also suffering from Familial Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis type 2. The identification of two co-existing monogenic defects might have resulted in a blended phenotype. Further analysis of hCNT1 protein revealed RNF41 as an interactor protein. We hypothesized that RNF41 being an E3 ligase was targeting hCNT1 for proteasomal degradation. However, we also proposed that the interaction could also be related to other functions, such as hCNT1 recycling. Studies with the epigenetic drug SAHA revealed that acetylated lysins are involved in hCNT1 expression for the first time. We also identified the SLC28A1 promoter, which presents different activity depending on the cellular context. A 400bp fragment 1695bp downstream of the transcription start site (TSS) exhibits the highest activity, especially in liver- derived tumoral cell lines. Analysis of the transcription factor putative binding sites revealed STAT3, YY1, KLF6, p53 and E2F1 as candidates for SLC28A1 expression regulation. p53 status of the cell lines conditions SLC28A1 promoter activity. KLF6 was found to bind 470bp upstream to SLC28A1 TSS. The CDK4-pRb-E2F1 axis modulates nucleoside transporters expression through E2F1, which binds to both SLC28A1 and SLC29A1 promoters, exerting repressive effects.
- Published
- 2019
35. Nuevas implicaciones de los transportadores concentrativos de nucleósidos asociadas a la biología tumoral
- Author
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Moro Villa, Sandra, Pastor Anglada, Marçal, Pérez Torras, Sandra, and Universitat de Barcelona. Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular
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Nucleòsids ,Transporte biológico ,Nucleosides ,Nucleósidos ,Biological transport ,Transport biològic ,Ciències Experimentals i Matemàtiques - Abstract
[spa] Los transportadores concentrativos de nucleósidos (CNT) se han descrito como transportadores dependientes de sodio y de alta afinidad para los nucleósidos naturales. Su expresión se consideró inicialmente restringida a epitelios polarizados, aunque posteriormente se demostró que era mucho más amplia. Además, su expresión está altamente regulada y parece estar fuertemente condicionada por el estado de diferenciación celular, como se demostró con la disminución de la expresión de las proteínas rCNT1 y rCNT2 en modelos de hepatocarcinogénesis inducido en rata. Además la expresión de estas proteínas parece verse disminuida en tumores humanos por lo que cabe hipotetizar que la disminuida o incluso negligible expresión de los genes hCNT podría estar alterando redes génicas y proteicas susceptibles de contribuir al cambio de fenotipo tumoral. Los CNTs eucariotas presentan, a diferencia de los CNTs procariotas, un amplio dominio N-terminal que podría ser el responsable de la incorporación de nuevas funciones celulares para estos transportadores. Por este motivo, estas proteínas no son consideradas solo transportadores, sino que se les atribuye la función de transceptores, proteínas que desarrollan funciones que van más allá del mero transporte. Respecto al estudio de hCNT2, se ha podido demostrar como los niveles de actividad y de expresión de la proteína se ven modulados por diferentes sustratos metabólicos así como por el cultivo de estas células bajo condiciones hipóxicas. Los niveles de lactato y ATP analizados en las líneas BCLC-3 y BCLC-5 mediante la restitución de hCNT2 en estas condiciones nos han permitido evidenciar un posible papel de esta proteína en contrarrestar el efecto Warburg y por lo tanto en potenciar un metabolismo más acoplado al sistema OXPHOS. Además el análisis por microarray de la restitución de la expresión de esta proteína en las células BCLC que la han perdido demostró un impacto metabólico sobre diferentes vías energéticas. Se ha hipotetizado que el dominio N-terminal de estos transportadores, adquirido evolutivamente, podría ser el responsable de estas nuevas funciones. El análisis del dominio N-terminal de hCNT1 sugeriría ser necesario para llevar a cabo sus funciones transceptoras aunque no puede descartarse la posibilidad de que se necesite la proteína completa para su correcta función o que el transportador necesite estar en forma de trímeros. Respecto a las funciones biológicas de la interacción de hCNT1 con las proteínas RACK1 y RNF41, se ha podido demostrar mediante co-inmunoprecipitación la interacción de ambas con el transportador. Además, en relación a los efectos de la interacción hCNT1-RACK1, se ha podido demostrar el efecto negativo sobre la migración cuando la expresión de hCNT1 se restituye en la línea celular NP9. Además, se ha demostrado una disminución en la activación de FAK en dichas condiciones, lo que sugiere una disminución en la activación de esta vía. Además, el experimento in vivo donde se silenció la expresión de mCNT1 en hígado demostró un aumento de genes relacionados con la reorganización del citoesqueleto, la polaridad ápico-basal así como genes implicados en la migración celular. Por lo tanto, la pérdida de expresión del transportador en un modelo no tumoral estaría contribuyendo a un fenotipo más migratorio. Respecto a la interacción hCNT1-RNF41 en cambio, los niveles de RNF41, ubiquitin ligasa, se encuentran modulando la expresión y actividad del transportador., [eng] Human concentrative nucleoside transporters (hCNTs) are responsible for the translocation of nucleosides in an energy dependent manner. Recently, hCNT1 has been described as a protein transceptor. This means that can play a dual role as transporters but also as signal transducers. Transceptor functions might reside within the N-terminus domain of this protein, an evolutionary acquisition in eukaryotes shared by the three family members. Moreover, hCNT1 and hCNT2 expression is lost during oncogenesis. In the case of hCNT2, a two-hybrid assay using the N-terminus domain allowed the identification of two different energy metabolism proteins, aldolase B and GRP58, as partners of this transporter. hCNT2 function was restored in two different hepatocarcinoma cell lines using an adenovirus. The restoration of hCNT2 in tumor cell lines revealed a change in their metabolic profile that might indicate a decrease of the Warburg effect and in an increase in oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, the activity of hCNT2 is modulated by glycolytic substrates and by hypoxia. For hCNT1, we demonstrate the interaction between this transporter and two proteins, RACK1 and RNF41. These interactions alter several different signaling cascades that are important to many physiological functions of the cell, including cell migration.
- Published
- 2018
36. Regulació del transportador de nucleòsids d'alta afinitat hCNT3 per proteïnes d'interacció
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Casulleras Gras, Olga, Pastor Anglada, Marçal, Pérez Torras, Sandra, and Universitat de Barcelona. Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular
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Nucleòsids ,Transporte biológico ,Regulación celular ,Nucleosides ,Biological transport ,Nucleósidos ,Transport biològic ,Regulació cel·lular ,Cellular control mechanisms ,Ciències Experimentals i Matemàtiques - Abstract
[cat] Els transportadors de nucleòsids pertanyen a les famílies gèniques SLC28 i SLC29 que codifiquen pels transportadors de nucleòsids concentratius (hCNTs) i transportadors de nucleòsids equilibratius (hENTs), respectivament. La família dels hENTs inclou quatre membres: hENT1, hENT2, hENT3 i hENT4. Aquests realitzen el transport de nucleòsids o dels anàlegs derivats de nucleòsids a favor de gradient de concentració, són independents de sodi i poden transportar bidireccionalment. Les proteïnes hENT1 i hENT2 transporten purines i pirimidines amb baixa afinitat. La família dels hCNTs està formada per tres membres: hCNT1, 2 i 3. hCNT1 transloca pirimidines i hCNT2 purines i uridina mitjançant un mecanisme unidireccional amb una estequiometria d’un catió de sodi per cada nucleòsid transportat. hCNT3 presenta una àmplia selectivitat de substrat transportant tant nucleòsids purínics com pirimidínics, així com els seus anàlegs, inclosos alguns derivats de nucleobases com les tiopurines amb una estequiometria de 2 sodis per cada nucleòsid. A més, sabem que les proteïnes CNTs d’eucariotes han incorporat evolutivament un domini N-terminal que no està present als procariotes, encara que aquests ortòlegs més primitius són totalment funcionals. D’això es dedueix que aquesta zona N-terminal no és essencial per a l’activitat transportadora però sí que sembla que conté zones reguladores, tal i com s’ha començat a comprovar. Per aquest motiu es pot hipotetitzar que el domini N-terminal d’hCNT3 pot ser rellevant per tal de comprendre totes aquelles funcions associades a aquesta proteïna transportadora, no necessàriament vinculades estrictament a la seva activitat com a transportador. Aquesta tesi s’ha estructurat en dos grans blocs, un que fa referència a l’estudi de les possibles proteïnes d’unió amb el transportador, conferint-li així aquestes noves funcions reguladores que es postulen gràcies aquest nou domini. I l’altre bloc referent a l’estudi de la pròpia funció transportadora de la proteïna, específicament del transport d’acadesina (AICAR). Una aproximació proteòmica amb el domini N-terminal d’hCNT3 ha permès identificar proteïnes com Galectina-4 (Gal-4), l’Adenosina Quinasa (ADK) com a possibles proteïnes d’interacció amb hCNT3, utilitzant com a font de proteïnes un homogenat de còlon, per Gal-4 i un extracte proteic de mostres de pacients amb Leucèmia Limfàtica Crònica (LLC) per l’ADK. S’ha pogut veure com el transportador hCNT3 interacciona amb la proteïna Gal-4 promovent el seu tràfic cap a la membrana plasmàtica en la línia cel·lular HT-29. Paral·lelament també s’ha comprovat que hCNT3 interacciona amb ADK, aquesta interacció provoca un canvi en l’eficiència per transportar adenosina, per tant, el transportador podria regular els nivells d’adenosina extracel·lulars. A més, s’ha estudiat el paper dels hCNT en la captació d’acadesina (AICAR), un anàleg de nucleòsid que s’ha descrit que pot inhibir la proliferació cel·lular i induir apoptosi a diferents tipus de tumors i leucèmies, entre elles la LLC, model el qual es va identificar la interacció amb ADK. En la present tesi, s’ha descrit que els transportadors responsables de la internalització d’AICAR són hCNT3 i hENT1. Posteriorment es va analitzar si el fet que aquest fàrmac tingués dues vies d’entrada tenia algun efecte fisiològic per la cèl·lula. Ja que una de les vies esdevenia més eficient al interaccionar amb ADK, enzim que fosforila AICAR a AICA ribotide (ZMP) per ser actiu. Per tant, s’esperava era que el transport d’AICAR per hCNT3 es traduís en més activació d’AMPK ja que hCNT3 estaria interaccionant amb l’ADK. No obstant, es va observar que l’efecte inductor de l’AMPK l’exerceix majoritàriament l’AICAR que s’interioritza per hENT1. S’ha de tenir en compte que l’aportació d’hCNT3 al model utilitzat és molt minoritària, amb la qual cosa es necessitarien més estudis per comprendre el mecanisme d’acció d’AICAR. Podríem dir que en aquest treball s’han generat les primeres evidències que demostrarien que el transportador hCNT3 pot interaccionar amb altres proteïnes, adquirint noves funcions per la cèl·lula o per acabar de madurar i poder realitzar la seva funció., [eng] Two gene families are implicated in the uptake of nucleosides and nucleoside analogs into cells, SCL28 and SLC29. The former encodes hCNT1, hCNT2, and hCNT3 proteins. They translocate nucleosides in a Na(+) coupled manner with high affinity and some substrate selectivity, being hCNT1 and hCNT2 pyrimidine- and purine-preferring, respectively, and hCNT3 a broad selectivity transporter. SLC29 genes encode four members, being hENT1 and hENT2 the only two which are unequivocally implicated in the translocation of nucleosides and nucleobases (the latter mostly via hENT2) at the cell plasma membrane. The hCNT3 transporter and the other members of the SLC28 gene family have a prominent N-terminal domain that is absent in prokaryotic CNTs this domain fulfils the biochemical requirements for being a hub for protein–protein interactions. Moreover, this fragment of the protein is responsible for hCNT3 polarized insertion into the plasma membrane and contains amino acid residues implicated in the kinetics of hCNT3 trafficking. In a recent GST-pull down approach using the N-terminus tail of the hCNT3 transporter as a bait and protein extracts from healthy human colon pool lysate or Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) primary cells as prey, we have been able to selectively precipitate Gal-4 and ADK, respectively. We validated biochemically the interaction Gal-4-hCNT3 and the biological significance was that this protein is a regulator of hCNT3 trafficking and retention at the plasma membrane. Regarding ADK, we also found the first evidence that hCNT3 decrease its KM value for adenosine when the transporter is interacting with ADK. Suggesting that the transporter could be, at least in part, implicated in the regulation of extracellular adenosine levels. Finally, we identified hCNT3 and hENT1 as the responsibles for AICAR uptake, an analog of adenosine monophosphate, which induce apoptosis in B-CLL cells. Because we identified ADK to increase hCNT3 efficiency in adenosine uptake, we suspected that this would be the main entrance for AICAR. However, we found that the AMPK phosphorylation produced by AICAR was mainly through hENT1 transport. We should keep in mind that the cellular model used for these experiments showed a low hCNT3 activity. So, further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms of AICAR.
- Published
- 2018
37. Role of the human Concentrative Nucleoside Transporter 1 (hCNT1) in oncogenesis
- Author
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Banjer, Hamsa Jameel, Pérez Torras, Sandra, Pastor Anglada, Marçal, and Universitat de Barcelona. Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació
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Fisiologia cel·lular ,Oncologia ,Cell physiology ,Oncology ,Fisiología celular ,Transporte biológico ,Biological transport ,Transport biològic ,Ciències de la Salut ,Oncología - Abstract
[eng] Transportome alterations have been associated with oncogenesis. The loss of human Concentrative Nucleoside Transporter 1 (hCNT1) during carcinogenesis seems to be a relatively common event in tumors and might by itself contributing to oncogenesis. In fact, hCNT1 can play a dual role in cell biology being a nucleoside and nucleoside-derived drug transporter but also an important player in the modulation of a variety of cellular functions. Accordingly, we have previously reported that hCNT1 function is able to induce physiological changes that are relevant to tumor biology in a transport independent-manner. These observations argued in favor of hCNT1 being a transceptor protein. Thus, in this thesis we focused our study on the role of hCNT1 in cell physiology beyond the mere nucleoside salvage. We found that hCNT1 is able to induce antiproliferative effects in different tumor backgrounds, and its restitution in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) derived cell lines alters several different signaling cascades that are important to many physiological functions of the cell, including cell survival and cell migration. Moreover, hCNT1-induced cell death seems to be triggered by an increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels, which might be related to the interaction of the Ca2+-binding protein S100A11 with hCNT1.
- Published
- 2018
38. Proteína multifuncional ADE2 como nexo entre vías de recuperación y síntesis de novo de nucleótidos
- Author
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Caviedes Cárdenas, Liska Rayen, Pastor Anglada, Marçal, Pérez Torras, Sandra, and Universitat de Barcelona. Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular
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Nucleòtids ,Nucleótidos ,Proteïnes portadores ,Carrier proteins ,Nucleotides ,Proteínas transportadoras ,Cáncer ,Càncer ,Ciències Experimentals i Matemàtiques ,Cancer - Abstract
[eng] Nucleosides and nucleotides have a key role in cell physiology being implicated in crucial processes such as DNA and RNA synthesis, cell signaling and metabolic regulation. Purine and pyrimidine nucleotide balance is required for cell homeostasis, being imbalance and nucleotide depletion associated with metabolic dysregulation and cancer development. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind these events appears to be a suitable approach to uncover novel drug anticancer targets and, eventually, improve therapy. De novo nucleotide biosynthesis is a highly energetic expensive process tightly regulated at different levels. PAICS (phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase / phosphoribosylaminoimidazole succinocarboxamide synthetase) gene encodes the bifunctional enzyme ADE2, which catalyzes steps 6 and 7 of de novo purine nucleotide biosynthesis. This enzyme has been reported to have an important role in carcinogenesis. Here we have analyzed how PAICS is regulated when nucleoside availability disturbances are induced using HT-29 cell lines. PAICS expression appears to be modulated in a challenging situation when the inhibitions of de novo pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis and salvage pathways were combined. Moreover when cells were cultured in a nucleoside depleted medium we observed a regulation of human Concentrative Nucleoside Transporters (hCNTs) expression. This type of modulation suggests that extracellular nucleoside availability and de novonucleotide biosynthesis are metabolically interconnected.
- Published
- 2018
39. Determinants estructurals i implicacions funcionals de l'interactoma proteic d'hCNT1
- Author
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Viel Oliva, Albert, Pastor Anglada, Marçal, Pérez Torras, Sandra, and Universitat de Barcelona. Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular
- Subjects
Interacció cel·lular ,Transporte biológico ,Proteínas ,Cell interaction ,Proteins ,Biological transport ,Interacción celular ,Transport biològic ,Proteïnes ,Ciències Experimentals i Matemàtiques - Abstract
[cat] Els nucleòsids són metabòlits imprescindibles per a la cèl·lula ja que són els precursors d’un gran nombre de biomolècules. Aquests nucleòsids poden ser sintetitzats per la cèl·lula o es poden recuperar del medi extracel·lular mitjançant proteïnes transportadores. Aquestes proteïnes són els transportadors de nucleòsids, que estan englobades en dues famílies gèniques: SLC28 i SLC29. La família SLC28 codifica per als transportadors concentratius o CNTs (Concentrative Nucleoside Transporters) i la família SLC29 codifica per als transportadors equilibratius o ENTs (Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporters). Aquestes proteïnes també són les encarregades d’internalitzar dintre de la cèl·lula els fàrmacs que són derivats de nucleòsids i que són emprats en diferents tipus de càncer, malalties víriques o inflamatòries. A part de transportar nucleòsids i els derivats, aquestes proteïnes tenen funcions addicionals al transport, el que els conferiria propietats de transceptors. Per tant, l’estudi d’aquestes proteïnes és d’importància notòria a nivell biomèdic. D’entre tots els transportadors de nucleòsids, aquesta tesi s’ha centrat en analitzar el paper de la proteïna hCNT1 codificada en el gen SLC28A1. Cada cop existeixen més evidències de que aquesta proteïna està realitzant funcions addicionals a la capacitat de transportar els seus substrats dintre de la cèl·lula. La restitució de l’expressió d’hCNT1 en línies d’adenocarcinoma pancreàtic indueix canvis fenotípics importants per a la biologia tumoral. A més, també s’ha descrit que l’expressió d’aquest transportador es veu reduïda en alguns tipus de processos oncogènics. Aquestes evidències ens van fer plantejar l’estudi d’hCNT1 des d’un punt de vista on es pogués demostrar el rol del transportador i la seva rellevància fisiològica. Es va tenir accés a unes dades clíniques que semblarien correlacionar per primer cop una malaltia de fenotip sever amb una nova mutació descrita per a hCNT1, si bé no podem descartar que la severitat del fenotip sigui causada per una combinació atzarosa amb diferents alteracions en el mateix gen o en altres gens. Aquesta mutació mostra un dèficit en la recaptació de nucleòsids que seria causat per uns nivells d’expressió del mutant inferiors a la proteïna wild type. Els resultats suggereixen que aquesta proteïna mutant podria tenir una vida mitjana inferior. Si finalment es confirma que les alteracions en el gen SLC28A1 són les causants d’aquest fenotip tan sever es reforçaria la idea de la importància fisiològica d’hCNT1. El domini amino terminal és una adquisició evolutiva dels CNTs eucariotes respecte dels procariotes i no és un domini estrictament necessari per al transport de nucleòsids (Hamilton et al., 2001). Per tal d’estudiar si les funcions transceptores d’hCNT1 resideixen en aquest domini, ens vam plantejar fer un estudi molecular del mateix. Per aquesta raó es va decidir dissenyar proteïnes quimèriques bescanviant els dominis amino terminal entre els diferents membres de la família gènica SLC28. En assajos preliminars, no semblaria que el fet de bescanviar el domini amino terminal d’hCNT1 amb el dels altres hCNTs sigui suficient per generar aquestes funcions transceptores. La funció transceptora també podria ser causada per les proteïnes que estiguessin interaccionant amb hCNT1. Amb una tècnica de doble híbrid es va trobar prosaposina com a possible interacció amb hCNT1 i es va realitzar l’estudi bioquímic i funcional de la interacció. Malauradament els anticossos dels que disposàvem no eren específics i no es va poder concloure la validació bioquímica, tot i que en fer estudis funcionals sí que vam observar que al silenciar prosaposina observem una caiguda d’activitat d’hCNT1, intuint així una possible regulació funcional entre totes dues proteïnes. Mitjançant la tècnica MYTH (Membrane Yeast Two-Hybrid), es van trobar tres proteïnes d’interacció amb hCNT1. Es va estudiar la implicació funcional de la interacció amb RNF41. Hem pogut constatar que RNF41 sembla estar modulant l’estat d’ubiqüitinació d’hCNT1 i aquest canvi afecta a l’activitat biològica del transportador., [eng] Nucleosides are essential molecules for a living cell as they are precursors of key biomolecules. They can be synthesized inside the cell or taken up from the extracellular milieu by membrane proteins. These proteins are the nucleoside transporters. A part from internalizing nucleosides and their derivatives that are used as drugs for different therapies, these transporters mediate accessory functions acting as transceptors. This brief background reveals the biomedical relevance of the study of these proteins. Among all nucleoside transporters, this project has focused on the protein hCNT1 (human Concentrative Nucleoside Transporter) encoded in the gene SLC28A1. There is increasing evidence that this protein promotes cellular changes when its expression is restored in a translocation independent manner. Furthermore, in oncogenic processes its expression is lost in specific tissues. These evidences prompted us to plan a study of hCNT1 where it could be demonstrated the biological function of this transporter and its physiological relevance. One evidence that strengths the biological importance of the SLC28A1 gene was the discovery of a new mutation apparently related to a severe pathology. The molecular study of this mutated protein showed a decrease in the nucleoside uptake compared with the wild type protein. This decrease in the activity was caused by a reduction in the expression that it seems to be related to differences in protein turnover. In order to demonstrate the mechanisms of the transceptor functions described for hCNT1 we decided to unveil the protein interactome of the transporter. Previous studies in our research group using a bacterial two-hybrid, discovered prosaposin as a putative hCNT1 partner. We discovered a functional connection between both proteins but the biochemical validation was impossible due to the lack of specific antibodies. Using an alternative and more updated technique, the Membrane Yeast Two-Hybrid, we could find three new interacting proteins. One of the proteins was RNF41, and the interaction was confirmed by other methods. Moreover, we could spot some sort of regulation between them, the function of this interaction seems to be regulating the ubiquitination state of hCNT1 and this modification appears to modulate the uptake activity of the transporter.
- Published
- 2017
40. Nuevas funciones de los transportadores concentrativos de nucleósidos CNT1 y CNT2
- Author
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Medina Pulido, Lorena, Pastor Anglada, Marçal, Pérez Torras, Sandra, and Universitat de Barcelona. Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular (Biologia)
- Subjects
Cell metabolism ,Adenosine ,Receptores celulares ,Transporte biológico ,Adenosina ,Metabolismo celular ,Receptors cel·lulars ,Metabolisme cel·lular ,Biological transport ,Transport biològic ,Ciències Experimentals i Matemàtiques ,Cell receptors - Abstract
[spa] Las proteínas hCNT y hENT tienen un papel importante en la fisiología celular debido a su función como transportadores de nucleósidos naturales. Curiosamente, estas proteínas se expresan en muchos tipos celulares, exhibiendo una aparente redundancia funcional. En el caso de los hCNTs, su expresión es altamente dependiente de diferenciación, siendo baja o indetectable en tejidos indiferenciados o tumores. Asimismo, éstas se encuentran ampliamente reguladas por distintos estímulos que van desde la adenosina, a través de receptores purinérgicos de tipo P1, hormonas y factores de crecimiento, hasta control nutricional, hipoxia o progresión del ciclo celular. Hallazgos recientes en distintos miembros de la familia SLC han puesto de manifiesto la implicación de algunas de estas proteínas en funciones cruciales de la fisiología celular que van más allá de su papel como meros mediadores de la bioasequibilidad de sus sustratos. Concretamente, hCNT1 tiene un papel como modulador del crecimiento tumoral, y es un transductor de señales independientemente de su capacidad como transportador de nucleósidos. Asimismo, la reciente identificación de proteínas vinculadas al metabolismo celular capaces de interaccionar con hCNT2 y de modular su función anticipa un posible papel de este transportador en la regulación del metabolismo energético. Por eso quisimos validar la interacción de hCNT1 con sus posibles proteínas partner previamente identificadas, en una primera parte de este estudio. Así la inhibición de la migración celular inducida por la restitución de la proteína hCNT1 puede estar mediada por su interacción con otras proteínas. En este sentido, se validó por coinmunoprecipitación la interacción de hCNT1 con RACK1, proteína implicada en procesos de migración. Además, el análisis de expresión a nivel de mRNA de hENT1 y hCNT1, así como también de las posibles proteínas partner RhoGDI2, RACK1 y PSAP en 52 muestras apareadas de CRC (colorrectal carcinoma), mostró una disminución significativa de hENT1, PSAP y RACK1 en tejido tumoral. Por último, en este primer bloque de resultados, observamos que la expresión de la proteína hCNT1 disminuye de manera significativa en tumores de endometrio al compararlo con el tejido no tumoral adyacente, correlacionándose su pérdida con el grado del tumor. En una segunda fase de esta tesis, estudiamos la regulación de rCNT2 por efectores purinérgicos e hipoxia en un modelo neuronal de rata. Vimos que la diferenciación de las células PC12 provocaba la aparición de una actividad dependiente de sodio de tipo CNT2, una disminución de la expresión de los receptores A2A, A2B y A3, y un aumento del receptor A1. Además también observamos que la función CNT2 se regulaba por agonistas que activaban tanto el receptor A1 como el A2A. Estos resultados concuerdan con el hecho de que la adenosina extracelular podría ser responsable de su propia eliminación del medio a través de sus receptores, activando la capacidad de transporte de CNT2. Por otro lado, corroboramos en nuestro modelo, lo que ya se había descrito en tejidos periféricos, que la adenosina extracelular transportada al interior de la célula a través de CNT2, era capaz de activar la AMPK. Por último, obtuvimos que la hipoxia/isquemia puede regular la expresión de rCNT2, lo que apoya nuestra hipótesis inicial de trabajo, en la que CNT2 puede tener un papel como modulador de los niveles de adenosina extracelular. En la última parte de esta tesis estudiamos la posible implicación de hCNT2 en la regulación del metabolismo energético celular en hígado. En este sentido, caracterizamos un panel de líneas hepáticas BCLC, derivadas de hepatocarcinoma humano, y la línea HHL5 establecida de hepatocito humano. Donde observamos que las líneas derivadas de hepatocarcinoma no presentaban transporte de nucleósidos concentrativo de tipo CNT2, dato que concuerda con los estudios realizados en nuestro laboratorio con modelos animales de hepatocarcinogénesis donde se demostraba la pérdida de expresión de CNT2. En cambio la línea derivada de hepatocito humano retenía actividad de tipo CNT2. La restitución de la función hCNT2 mediante vectores adenovirales en las células que perdían la expresión no modificaba el perfil de ciclo celular, al contrario de lo que sucedía con hCNT1 y hENT1. Además, la expresión de los transportadores de nucleósidos se modificaba al inhibir Cdk4/Cdk6 en hígado de ratón, disminuyendo los niveles de mRNA de CNT2 y ENT1, en todos los tejidos analizados. Por último, la restitución de la función hCNT2 en líneas derivadas de hepatocarcinoma, parecería inducir la vía glucolítica y el sistema OXPHOS, observándose un aumento de la expresión de la piruvato quinasa (PK), así como de los metabolitos fructosa-1,6-bis-P y acetil-CoA, acompañado de una menor producción de lactato. El aumento en la capacidad respiratoria y el incremento en la expresión de SCO2, parecerían apuntar a un metabolismo más acoplado al sistema OXPHOS., [eng] hENT and hCNT proteins play an important role in cellular physiology due to its role as natural nucleoside transporters. Interestingly, these proteins are expressed in many cell types, exhibiting an apparent functional redundancy, but hCNTs expression is highly dependent on differentiation. Recent findings in different SLC family members have revealed the involvement of some of these proteins in crucial functions of cell physiology beyond their role as mere mediators of the bioavailability of their substrates. Specifically, hCNT1 has a role as a modulator of tumour growth and hCNT2 function anticipates a possible role of this transporter in energy metabolism due to the recent identification of interacting proteins linked to cell metabolism. Inhibition of cell migration induced by the restitution of hCNT1 protein may be mediated by its interacting proteins. Regarding this, co-immunoprecipitation of RACK1, protein involved in the migration process, with hCNT1 was validated. Furthermore, analysis of mRNA expression levels of hENT1 and hCNT1, as well as, RhoGDI2, PSAP and RACK1, in 52 matched pairs of CRC, showed a significant decrease of hENT1, PSAP and RACK1 in tumour tissue. Also, the protein expression hCNT1 significantly decreases in endometrial tumours when compared to non-tumour tissue adjacent. Secondly, the differentiation of PC12 cells caused the appearance of a CNT2 type sodium-dependent activity, a reduction of the expression of A2A, A2B, and A3, and an increase of A1 receptor. In addition, rCNT2 function was regulated by A1 and A2A agonists. Adenosine uptake mediated by rCNT2, was able to activate AMPK. Finally, we studied the possible involvement of hCNT2 in cellular energy metabolism in liver. We characterized a panel of BCLC lines, derived from human hepatocarcinoma, and the line HHL5, established from human liver. We observed that hepatocellular carcinoma cells did not show any CNT2 type transport activity. In contrast, the HHL5 retained CNT2 activity. Restitution of hCNT2 function did not alter the cell cycle profile, but the inhibition of Cdk4/Cdk6 in mouse liver, provoked a decrease of mRNA CNT2 and ENT1 levels. Finally, restoration of function in cell lines derived from hCNT2 hepatocarcinoma, seemed to induce glycolytic pathway and OXPHOS system
- Published
- 2013
41. Leveraging the Aggregated Protein Dye YAT2150 for Malaria Chemotherapy.
- Author
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Camarero-Hoyos C, Bouzón-Arnáiz I, Avalos-Padilla Y, Fallica AN, Román-Álamo L, Ramírez M, Portabella E, Cuspinera O, Currea-Ayala D, Orozco-Quer M, Ribera M, Siden-Kiamos I, Spanos L, Iglesias V, Crespo B, Viera S, Andreu D, Sulleiro E, Zarzuela F, Urtasun N, Pérez-Torras S, Pastor-Anglada M, Arce EM, Muñoz-Torrero D, and Fernàndez-Busquets X
- Abstract
Background/Objectives : YAT2150 is a first-in-class antiplasmodial compound that has been recently proposed as a new interesting drug for malaria therapy. Methods/Results : The fluorescence of YAT2150 rapidly increases upon its entry into Plasmodium , a property that can be of use for the design of highly sensitive diagnostic approaches. YAT2150 blocks the in vitro development of the ookinete stage of Plasmodium and, when added to an infected blood meal, inhibits oocyst formation in the mosquito. Thus, the compound could possibly contribute to future transmission-blocking antimalarial strategies. Cell influx/efflux studies in Caco-2 cells suggest that YAT2150 is internalized by endocytosis and also through the OATP2B1 transporter, whereas its main export route would be via OSTα. YAT2150 has an overall favorable drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics profile, and its moderate cytotoxicity can be significantly reduced upon encapsulation in immunoliposomes, which leads to a dramatic increase in the drug selectivity index to values close to 1000. Although YAT2150 binds amyloid-forming peptides, its in vitro fluorescence emission is stronger upon association with peptides that form amorphous aggregates, suggesting that regions enriched in unstructured proteins are the preferential binding sites of the drug inside Plasmodium cells. The reduction of protein aggregation in the parasite after YAT2150 treatment, which has been suggested to be directly related to the drug's mode of action, is also observed following treatment with quinoline antimalarials like chloroquine and primaquine. Conclusions : Altogether, the data presented here indicate that YAT2150 can represent the spearhead of a new family of compounds for malaria diagnosis and therapy due to its presumed novel mode of action based on the interaction with functional protein aggregates in the pathogen.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Nucleoside transporter proteins as biomarkers of drug responsiveness and drug targets.
- Author
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Pastor-Anglada M and Pérez-Torras S
- Abstract
Nucleoside and nucleobase analogs are currently used in the treatment of solid tumors, lymphoproliferative diseases, viral infections such as hepatitis and AIDS, and some inflammatory diseases such as Crohn. Two gene families are implicated in the uptake of nucleosides and nucleoside analogs into cells, SCL28 and SLC29. The former encodes hCNT1, hCNT2, and hCNT3 proteins. They translocate nucleosides in a Na(+) coupled manner with high affinity and some substrate selectivity, being hCNT1 and hCNT2 pyrimidine- and purine-preferring, respectively, and hCNT3 a broad selectivity transporter. SLC29 genes encode four members, being hENT1 and hENT2 the only two which are unequivocally implicated in the translocation of nucleosides and nucleobases (the latter mostly via hENT2) at the cell plasma membrane. Some nucleoside-derived drugs can also interact with and be translocated by members of the SLC22 gene family, particularly hOCT and hOAT proteins. Inter-individual differences in transporter function and perhaps, more importantly, altered expression associated with the disease itself might modulate the transporter profile of target cells, thereby determining drug bioavailability and action. Drug transporter pharmacology has been periodically reviewed. Thus, with this contribution we aim at providing a state-of-the-art overview of the clinical evidence generated so far supporting the concept that these membrane proteins can indeed be biomarkers suitable for diagnosis and/or prognosis. Last but not least, some of these transporter proteins can also be envisaged as drug targets, as long as they can show "transceptor" functions, in some cases related to their role as modulators of extracellular adenosine levels, thereby providing a functional link between P1 receptors and transporters.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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