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Introduction. This article presents the results of one of the first phases of a wider research study carried out by the MediaCom research group of the Complutense University of Madrid, as part of a Teaching innovation and quality improvement project (PIMCD, nº 176) focused on examining Spanish media companies' demand for professional journalists, based on the job market typology, and the conditions of employment. Method. The study applied the Tuning method during the initial design and offers a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data on undergraduate journalism students' internship contracts provided by the Employment Information and Guidance Centre of the Complutense University of Madrid. Results and conclusions. The results allow us to conclude, for example, that writing is the most valued journalistic ability and that the sector that demands the largest number of journalism students is the public and private institutions sector, followed by the daily written press. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The acquisition of the Cuatro and La sexta television networks by Telecinco and Antena 3, respectively, has configured a new audiovisual landscape in Spain. The two new media platforms, now known as Mediaset España and Atresmedia, have accumulated considerable power in the free-to-air television market in terms of revenue, audience configuration and advertising sales figures. The objective of this article is to analyse the causes of these mergers, their influence on the Spanish television market, and to establish whether they put at risk -in terms of "relevant markets"- the survival of other players. Method. The study is based on the principles of the political economy of communication, which provides an integrated theoretical framework focused on media ownership and concentration. Results and conclusions. The overall conclusion is that, since 2010, when the first concentration deal was closed, the conditions of competition of the Spanish audiovisual market have been modified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The acquisition of the Cuatro and La sexta television networks by Telecinco and Antena 3, respectively, has configured a new audiovisual landscape in Spain. The two new media platforms, now known as Mediaset España and Atresmedia, have accumulated considerable power in the free-to-air television market in terms of revenue, audience configuration and advertising sales figures. The objective of this article is to analyse the causes of these mergers, their influence on the Spanish television market, and to establish whether they put at risk -in terms of ―relevant markets-the survival of other players. Method. The study is based on the principles of the political economy of communication, which provides an integrated theoretical framework focused on media ownership and concentration. Results and conclusions. The overall conclusion is that, since 2010, when the first concentration deal was closed, the conditions of competition of the Spanish audiovisual market have been modified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an abstract of the research paper "Influence of feed form and fiber inclusion in the diet on water and feed intake of chicks," by G.G. Mateos and colleagues.

The present study intended to investigate, first, the impact of semantic clustering on the recall and recognition of incidentally learned words in a new language, and second, how the interaction between semantic clustering and frequency of occurrence may modulate learning. To that end, Spanish university students watched an intentionally created video which contained Spanish target words that were either semantically related to others of the set, or not semantically linked at all. Furthermore, frequency of appearance changed among target words (1|4|8). All these words were paired with pseudowords that appeared as on-screen text during the videos. Participants were completely naive to the phases and the procedure of the experiment. After viewing the video, participants completed a recall test and a recognition test. Results showed that words presented in semantically unrelated categories were better recalled and better recognized than those presented in semantic clusters, especially when the words were presented more often., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Pérez-Serrano, Nogueroles-López and Duñabeitia.)

The present study is set to explore the way the orthographic distributional properties of novel written words and the number of exposures to these words affect their incidental learning in terms of recall and recognition. To that end, two experiments were conducted using videos with captions. These videos included written nonwords (orthographically marked language-specific items) and pseudowords (orthographically unmarked items) as captions paired to the spoken targets, presented either in isolation (Experiment 1) or within sentences (Experiment 2). Our results consistently show that items containing legal letter combinations (i.e., pseudowords) are better recalled and recognized than those with illegal combinations (i.e., nonwords). Further analysis in the recall task indicate that frequency modulates the learning of pseudowords and nonwords in a different way. The learning of pseudowords increases linearly with repetitions, while nonwords are equally learned across frequencies. These differential effects found in the recall task do not show up in the recognition task. Although participants took more time to recognize nonwords in the recognition task, increased exposure to the items similarly modulated reading times and accuracy for nonwords and pseudowords. Additionally, higher accuracy rates were found in Experiment 2, which underscores the beneficial effect of supportive visual information., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

: This study describes the effects that Cu supplementation of late-gestating and lactating females (hinds) of Iberian red deer fed a balanced diet have on milk production, composition, and somatic cell count (SCC). Experimental hinds ( n = 9) were subcutaneously injected every 42 days with Cu (0.83 mg Cu/kg body weight) from day 202 of gestation until the end of lactation (week 18). Control hinds ( n = 8) were injected with a physiological saline solution with the same volume and at the same frequency as the experimental group. Copper supplementation decreased the SCC from 1.64 to 1.36 log 10/mL ( p = 0.003) and modified the milk mineral profile. In particular, milk from hinds supplemented with Cu had more Ca ( p = 0.02), Mg ( p = 0.06), and K ( p = 0.03) than milk from control hinds. However, Cu supplementation did not influence the Cu content of milk. Therefore, it can be concluded that Cu supplementation of hinds fed a balanced diet from late-gestation to the end of lactation could be a good strategy to reduce SCC and modify the mineral profile of milk increasing its Ca content., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

The age of a patient is a strong moderator of both the course and the evolution of disorders/diseases. However, the effects of current age in pathological gambling (PG) have rarely been examined. The aim of this study is to explore the moderating effects of the patients' current age in relation to personality traits and clinical outcomes of PG. A total sample of 2,309 treatment-seeking patients for PG, diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria, participated in this study and were assessed with the Diagnostic Questionnaire for Pathological Gambling according to DSM-IV criteria, the South Oaks Gambling Screen, the Symptom Checklist, the Temperament and Character Inventory-R, and other clinical and psychopathological measures. Orthogonal polynomial contrasts showed linear trends in the relationship between age and PG: the older the patient, the more comorbid health problems were visible. The presence of additional quadratic trends also suggests that age plays a significant role in moderating the possibility of existing PG problems and general psychopathology. No interaction term was found between age and sex, but it was present for age and some personality traits: self-transcendence and reward dependence (these two traits were only relevant to the level of impairment due to PG at specific ages). This study suggests that the patients' age influences psychopathological and clinical aspects associated to PG. Intervention in the earliest manifestations of this complex problem is essential in order to better address the need of successful treatment planning.

In the preparation of a centralized parenteral nutrition unit project in our hospital, following the creation of a multi-disciplinary commission entrusted with the study of this project, we proceeded to evaluate parenteral nutrition protocols of national and foreign hospitals, as a first approach to the subject. This study evaluates and extracts the data we consider most relevant in a sample of 19 American hospitals. With regard to the types of parenteral diet, we observed that most of them (63%) had "standard diets", mainly formulated with 25% glucose and 4.25% crystalline amino acids. None of the protocols studied contained alternatives to glucose as a calorie-contributor, nor were there special formulae for amino acids, although many of them included it in their therapies for use if considered necessary. In all protocols, the contribution of fats was reduced to concrete situations and administered in a different way to the rest of the food in 73% of cases. With regard to additives, despite the existence of standard formulations of electrolytes and vitamins and oligoelements, in 100% of the hospitals studied, there was the possibility of formulating each element separately. Administration was done in several doses per day in 42% of cases and in 100%, using perfusion pumps. The data obtained from this review was of great value in preparing our own parenteral nutrition protocols.