41 results on '"Pérez-Murcia, María Dolores"'
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2. The influence of feedstocks and additives in 23 added-value composts as a growing media component on Pythium irregulare suppressivity
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Hernández-Lara, Alicia, Ros, Margarita, Pérez-Murcia, María Dolores, Bustamante, María Ángeles, Moral, Raul, Andreu-Rodríguez, Francisco Javier, Fernández, Juan A., Egea-Gilabert, Catalina, and Antonio Pascual, José
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- 2021
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3. Municipal Solid Waste Management in a Decentralized Composting Scenario: Assessment of the Process Reproducibility and Quality of the Obtained Composts
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Álvarez-Alonso, Cristina, primary, Pérez-Murcia, María Dolores, additional, Sánchez-Méndez, Silvia, additional, Martínez-Sabater, Encarnación, additional, Irigoyen, Ignacio, additional, López, Marga, additional, Nogués, Isabel, additional, Paredes, Concepción, additional, Orden, Luciano, additional, García-Rández, Ana, additional, and Bustamante, María Ángeles, additional
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- 2023
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4. Is the Direct Soil Application of Two-Phase Olive Mill Waste (Alperujo) Compatible with Soil Quality Protection?
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García-Randez, Ana, primary, Marks, Evan A. N., additional, Pérez-Murcia, María Dolores, additional, Orden, Luciano, additional, Andreu-Rodriguez, Javier, additional, Martínez Sabater, Encarnación, additional, Cháfer, María Teresa, additional, and Moral, Raúl, additional
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- 2023
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5. Mesophilic anaerobic digestion of pig slurry and fruit and vegetable waste: Dissection of the microbial community structure
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Ros, Margarita, de Souza Oliveira Filho, Jose, Perez Murcia, Maria Dolores, Bustamante, Maria Angeles, Moral, Raul, Coll, Maria Dolores, Lopez Santisima-Trinidad, Ana Belen, and Pascual, Jose Antonio
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- 2017
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6. Municipal Solid Waste Management in a Decentralized Composting Scenario: Assessment of the Process Reproducibility and Quality of the Obtained Composts.
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Álvarez-Alonso, Cristina, Pérez-Murcia, María Dolores, Sánchez-Méndez, Silvia, Martínez-Sabater, Encarnación, Irigoyen, Ignacio, López, Marga, Nogués, Isabel, Paredes, Concepción, Orden, Luciano, García-Rández, Ana, and Bustamante, María Ángeles
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COMPOSTING , *SOLID waste management , *WASTE management , *ORGANIC wastes , *CIRCULAR economy , *SOLID waste - Abstract
Over the last several years, the models for organic waste management have changed to implement circular economy in the productive cycle. In this context, new scenarios have emerged, where the management of different organic waste streams by composting is conducted with decentralized models that manage organic wastes in a more local way. However, in these new models, the standardization of the process control and of the end-product characteristics is necessary to guarantee the quality and agronomic value of the compost obtained, avoiding potential risks for human health and the environment. Thus, the aim of this work was to study two different scenarios of community composting of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste separately collected in order to guarantee the effectiveness and reproducibility of the composting processes and the quality of the composts obtained. For this, the development of the process and the characteristics of the composts at agronomic, hygienic–sanitary and environmental levels were assessed in real conditions and during three cycles of the process. The results obtained show high similarity among the different composting cycles, indicating an important degree of reproducibility among the processes. In addition, the composts obtained showed a good sanitary quality, absence of phytotoxicity and low contents of potentially toxic elements, which guarantee their use in agriculture without posing any risk to human health and to the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. Enhancing Sustainability in Intensive Dill Cropping: Comparative Effects of Biobased Fertilizers vs. Inorganic Commodities on Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Crop Yield, and Soil Properties
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Martínez-Sabater, Encarnación, primary, Pérez-Murcia, María Dolores, additional, Andreu-Rodríguez, Francisco Javier, additional, Orden, Luciano, additional, Agulló, Enrique, additional, Sáez-Tovar, José, additional, Martínez-Tome, Juan, additional, Bustamante, María Ángeles, additional, and Moral, Raul, additional
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- 2022
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8. Development and Validation of Alternative Palm-Derived Substrates for Seedling Production
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Gomis, María Pilar, primary, Pérez-Murcia, María Dolores, additional, Barber, Xavier, additional, Martínez-Sabater, Encarnación, additional, Moral, Raúl, additional, and Bustamante, María Ángeles, additional
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- 2022
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9. Management of Green Waste Streams from Different Origins: Assessment of Different Composting Scenarios
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Guilabert, Francisco J., primary, Barber, Xavier, additional, Pérez-Murcia, María Dolores, additional, Agulló, Enrique, additional, Andreu-Rodríguez, Francisco Javier, additional, Moral, Raúl, additional, and Bustamante, María Ángeles, additional
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- 2021
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10. Role of proteins and soluble peptides as limiting components during the co-composting of agro-industrial wastes
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Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Agroquímica y Bioquímica, Pérez-Murcia, María Dolores, Martínez Sabater, Encarnación, Domene Ruiz, Miguel Ángel, González-Céspedes, Alicia, Bustamante, María A., Marhuenda Egea, Frutos Carlos, Barber, J. Xavier, López-Lluch, David B., Moral, Raúl, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Agroquímica y Bioquímica, Pérez-Murcia, María Dolores, Martínez Sabater, Encarnación, Domene Ruiz, Miguel Ángel, González-Céspedes, Alicia, Bustamante, María A., Marhuenda Egea, Frutos Carlos, Barber, J. Xavier, López-Lluch, David B., and Moral, Raúl
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The agri-food industry is at the centre of the circular economy, since the co-composting of its residual flows allows their management and adds value producing fertilisers. In this work, six composting piles were prepared combining agri-food sludge (AS), different fresh vegetable wastes (pepper waste (P), tomato waste (T), and leek waste (L), and, as bulking agents, vine shoot pruning (VS), garlic stalks (GS) and avocado leaves (AL)). Classical physico-chemical and chemical determinations and advanced instrumental methods (excitation-emission fluorescence (EEM) and gravimetric (TG, DTG and DTA) techniques) were used and compared to assess organic matter evolution and evaluate the quality of the composts obtained. The thermal profiles of the composting processes were viable to show the stabilization of the agri-food sludge with the different materials tested in the mixtures, reaching adequate levels of stabilization of organic matter. Preferential degradation of peptides and proteins was observed by fluorescence. This seemed to induce a limitation in the biodegradation of the remaining organic matter, indicating that these biomolecules are key in composting dynamics, acting as limiting components during the process. The results from thermogravimetric analysis indicated the degradation of labile compounds (e.g., carbohydrates and proteins), the most recalcitrant material becoming predominant at the maturity stage of the composting process. The rise in the thermogravimetric parameter R2 was associated with the increase in the concentration of more refracting compounds, which need more energy for their decomposition.
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- 2021
11. Effect of Compost Extract Addition to Different Types of Fertilizers on Quality at Harvest and Shelf Life of Spinach
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Giménez, Almudena, primary, Gómez, Perla A., additional, Bustamante, María Ángeles, additional, Pérez-Murcia, María Dolores, additional, Martínez-Sabater, Encarnación, additional, Ros, Margarita, additional, Pascual, José A., additional, Egea-Gilabert, Catalina, additional, and Fernández, Juan A., additional
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- 2021
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12. Use of Agri-Food Composts in Almond Organic Production: Effects on Soil and Fruit Quality
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Pérez-Murcia, María Dolores, primary, Bustamante, María Ángeles, additional, Orden, Luciano, additional, Rubio, Rosa, additional, Agulló, Enrique, additional, Carbonell-Barrachina, Ángel A., additional, and Moral, Raúl, additional
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- 2021
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13. Nitrogen Isotope Fractionation during Composting of Sewage and Agri-Food Sludge with Pruning Waste
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Sáez, José Antonio, primary, Flores, Pilar, additional, Bustamante, María Ángeles, additional, Sanchez-Hernandez, Juan C., additional, Moral, Raúl, additional, and Pérez-Murcia, María Dolores, additional
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- 2020
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14. Comprehensive management of dog faeces: Composting versus anaerobic digestion
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Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Martínez Sabater, Encarnación, García-Muñoz, Mercedes, Bonete, Pedro, Rodríguez Pastor, Manuel, Sánchez-García, Francisco Borja, Pérez-Murcia, María Dolores, Bustamante, María A., López-Lluch, David B., Moral, Raúl, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Martínez Sabater, Encarnación, García-Muñoz, Mercedes, Bonete, Pedro, Rodríguez Pastor, Manuel, Sánchez-García, Francisco Borja, Pérez-Murcia, María Dolores, Bustamante, María A., López-Lluch, David B., and Moral, Raúl
- Abstract
The objective of this work was to study the possibilities to manage and recycle dog faeces (DF) using biological processes, using two approaches: composting (C) and anaerobic digestion (AD). Thus, different experiments have been carried out: i) two laboratory/pilot scale experiments (self-heating and composting tests) and one, on a commercial scale; ii) two AD experiments. In both approaches, municipal waste such as the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OMSW) and urban pruning waste (GW) were used as co-substrates. The results obtained regarding the optimization of the composting process indicated that the best strategy was the use of a 1:2 ratio of DF, a 1:4 ratio of OMSW, and a 1:4 ratio of GW, according to the thermal parameters studied (temperature and cumulative quadratic exothermic index (EXI2)), and the quality of the compost obtained. A potentially limiting factor of the process was the high salinity of the DF waste. In addition, AD experiments were performed on DF, OMSW, and GW wastes in controlled anaerobic systems at a laboratory scale. In these experiments, the biogas production obtained was 229 mL biogas/g total solids for the DF residue, 248 mL biogas/g total solids for GW, and 263 mL biogas/g total solids for OMSW. The co-digestion yields a clear improvement in the efficiency of the process against the use of a single residue, increasing the production of biogas by up to 27% with respect to that of the DF waste alone during the first 25 days of AD. The results obtained with these procedures have shown the possibilities to add value to this waste in an urban context where the circular economy represents an increasingly favourable scenario, including the generation of fertilisers and/or energy at a local scale, provided that the collection of dog faeces is optimized.
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- 2019
15. Composting of the invasive species Arundo donax with sewage and agri-food sludge: Agronomic, economic and environmental aspects
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Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Agroquímica y Bioquímica, Pelegrín, M., Sáez-Tovar, José Antonio, Andreu-Rodríguez, Javier, Pérez-Murcia, María Dolores, Martínez Sabater, Encarnación, Marhuenda Egea, Frutos Carlos, Pérez-Espinosa, Aurelia, Bustamante, María A., Agulló, Enrique, Vico, Alberto, Paredes, Concepción, Moral, Raúl, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Agroquímica y Bioquímica, Pelegrín, M., Sáez-Tovar, José Antonio, Andreu-Rodríguez, Javier, Pérez-Murcia, María Dolores, Martínez Sabater, Encarnación, Marhuenda Egea, Frutos Carlos, Pérez-Espinosa, Aurelia, Bustamante, María A., Agulló, Enrique, Vico, Alberto, Paredes, Concepción, and Moral, Raúl
- Abstract
This work evaluates several co-composting scenarios based on the use of Arundo donax biomass (AD) as bulking agent for the co-composting of sewage sludge (MS) and agri-food sludge (AS), to manage these organic wastes and to produce balanced organic fertilizers by optimizing the process. For this, six piles were prepared in commercial composting conditions, using AD in a range of 40%–80% (on a dry weight basis). Physico-chemical and chemical parameters and the thermal behaviour were evaluated during the process, as were the physical and chemical parameters of the final composts. The proportion of AD in the mixtures has a significant effect on the development of the thermophilic stage of composting, showing the piles with higher proportion of AD a quicker organic matter degradation. In addition, the evolution of the thermal indices R1 and R2 was different depending on the origin of the sludge used, indicating an increase in the relative concentration of more recalcitrant materials in the piles prepared with AS. The estimation of the global warming potential showed that the use of higher proportion of AD in the composting mixture may be a strategy to mitigate the emission of greenhouse gases during the composting process. Moreover, the end-products obtained had an additional marketable value, with a balanced nutrient content and a good degree of maturity, which indicates the viability of the composting process as a method for the stabilization of these organic wastes.
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- 2018
16. Valorization of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) pruning biomass by co-composting with urban and agri-food sludge
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Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Agroquímica y Bioquímica, Vico, Alberto, Pérez-Murcia, María Dolores, Bustamante, María A., Agulló, Enrique, Marhuenda Egea, Frutos Carlos, Sáez-Tovar, José Antonio, Paredes, Concepción, Pérez-Espinosa, Aurelia, Moral, Raúl, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Agroquímica y Bioquímica, Vico, Alberto, Pérez-Murcia, María Dolores, Bustamante, María A., Agulló, Enrique, Marhuenda Egea, Frutos Carlos, Sáez-Tovar, José Antonio, Paredes, Concepción, Pérez-Espinosa, Aurelia, and Moral, Raúl
- Abstract
In the Mediterranean countries, there is an increasing production of date palm wastes (Phoenix dactylifera L.), not only due to the raising production of date palm fruits, but also derived from the maintenance of urban and peri-urban green areas, especially in those affected by red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus). The management of this increasing volume of green wastes usually concludes with a controlled disposal that implies an important loss of resources, in terms of organic matter, nutrients and energy. In addition, the rise of wastewater generation and the incentive of the wastewater treatment processes have derived in an increase of the amount of the sludge produced, which makes difficult its management. This work studies the feasibility of co-composting palm wastes with sludge from the urban and agri-food sectors as alternative treatment to manage these organic waste streams and to obtain added-value compost. For this, four mixtures (P1, P2, P3 and P4) were prepared using as main component palm leave waste (PL) mixed with different types of sludge. In the piles P1, P2 and P3, sewage sludge (SS) was used as co-composting agent, while agri-food sludge (AS) was used in P4. Throughout composting, the thermal profile of the composting piles was assessed, as were physical, chemical, physico-chemical and maturity parameters. In addition, the changes in water-soluble organic matter were assessed using chemical analytical methods and the excitation–emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy. The results obtained showed the viability of the co-composting process to obtain end-products with adequate maturity degree and physical characteristics for their potential use as substrates, except for the salt contents that can limit their use in some agricultural sectors.
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- 2018
17. Development of organic fertilizers from food market waste and urban gardening by composting in Ecuador
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Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Agroquímica y Bioquímica, Jara-Samaniego, Janneth, Pérez-Murcia, María Dolores, Bustamante, María A., Paredes, Concepción, Pérez-Espinosa, Aurelia, Gavilanes-Terán, Irene, López, Marga, Marhuenda Egea, Frutos Carlos, Brito, Hanníbal, Moral, Raúl, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Agroquímica y Bioquímica, Jara-Samaniego, Janneth, Pérez-Murcia, María Dolores, Bustamante, María A., Paredes, Concepción, Pérez-Espinosa, Aurelia, Gavilanes-Terán, Irene, López, Marga, Marhuenda Egea, Frutos Carlos, Brito, Hanníbal, and Moral, Raúl
- Abstract
Currently, the management of urban waste streams in developing countries is not optimized yet, and in many cases these wastes are disposed untreated in open dumps. This fact causes serious environmental and health problems due to the presence of contaminants and pathogens. Frequently, the use of specific low-cost strategies reduces the total amount of wastes. These strategies are mainly associated to the identification, separate collection and composting of specific organic waste streams, such as vegetable and fruit refuses from food markets and urban gardening activities. Concretely, in the Chimborazo Region (Ecuador), more than 80% of municipal solid waste is dumped into environment due to the lack of an efficient waste management strategy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a demonstration project at field scale in this region to evaluate the feasibility of implanting the composting technology not only for the management of the organic waste fluxes from food market and gardening activities to be scaled-up in other developing regions, but also to obtain an end-product with a commercial value as organic fertilizer. Three co-composting mixtures were prepared using market wastes mixed with pruning of trees and ornamental palms as bulking agents. Two piles were created using different proportions of market waste and prunings of trees and ornamental palms: pile 1 (50:33:17) with a C/N ratio 25; pile 2: (60:30:10) with C/N ratio 24 and pile 3 (75:0:25) with C/N ratio 33), prepared with market waste and prunings of ornamental palm. Throughout the process, the temperature of the mixtures was monitored and organic matter evolution was determined using thermogravimetric and chemical techniques. Additionally, physico-chemical, chemical and agronomic parameters were determined to evaluate compost quality. The results obtained indicated that all the piles showed a suitable development of the composting process, with a significant organic matter decomposition, reac
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- 2017
18. Estudio de las emisiones de Gases Efecto Invernadero en suelos vitivinícolas mediterráneos con aplicación de enmiendas orgánicas: Denominación de Origen Protegida Alicante
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Paredes, Concepción, Marín Martínez, Antonio, Moral, Raúl, Sanz Cobeña, Alberto, Bustamante, María Ángeles, Pérez Murcia, María Dolores, and Agulló, Enrique
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Medio Ambiente - Abstract
El sector vitivinícola español está totalmente extendido por todo el país, con una elevada extensión de suelo dedicada al cultivo de la vid. Por lo tanto, el estudio de diferentes estrategias para la mitigación de GEI dentro de estos sistemas agrícolas es de gran interés.
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- 2015
19. Soil amendment using fresh and stabilised organic materials ¿ Effects during a wheat-maize cropping sequence
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Bustamante, María Ángeles, Pérez Murcia, María Dolores, Sanz Cobeña, Alberto, Pérez Espinosa, Aurelia, Paredes, Concepción, and Moral, Raúl
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Agricultura ,fungi ,food and beverages ,complex mixtures - Abstract
The main objective of this work was to study the effect of the use of a fresh organic amendment (sewage sludge) compared to a stabilized organic material (compost from animal manures) during a wheat-maize cropping sequence. For this, the effect of the treatments on the soil physico-chemical, chemical and biological properties, on GHG emissions and on the yield of the two crops studied were evaluated.
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- 2015
20. Estudio de las emisiones de Gases de Efecto Invernadero en un suelo enmendado con residuos orgánicos frescos y compostados II: evaluación durante un cultivo de maíz
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Pérez Murcia, María Dolores, Bustamante, María Ángeles, Sanz Cobeña, Alberto, Pérez Espinosa, Aurelia, Agulló, Enrique, Paredes, Concepción, Marín Martínez, Antonio, and Moral, Rául
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Medio Ambiente - Abstract
El uso de las enmiendas orgánicas en el suelo implica una serie de mejoras en el mismo a nivel físico, químico y biológico.
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- 2015
21. Estudio de las emisiones de Gases de Efecto Invernadero en un suelo enmendado con residuos orgánicos frescos y compostados I: evaluación durante un cultivo de trigo
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Bustamante, María Ángeles, Pérez Murcia, María Dolores, Sanz Cobeña, Alberto, Agulló, Enrique, Pérez Espinosa, Aurelia, Paredes, Concepción, Marín Martínez, Antonio, and Moral, Raúl
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Medio Ambiente - Abstract
La incorporación de enmiendas orgánicas al suelo supone una importante mejora de la calidad del mismo, al mejorar sus propiedades físicas, químicas y biológicas.
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- 2015
22. Composting of the Solid Phase of Digestate from Biogas Production: Optimization of the Moisture, C/N Ratio, and pH Conditions
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Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Agroquímica y Bioquímica, Torres-Climent, Ángel, Martín-Mata, Julio, Marhuenda Egea, Frutos Carlos, Moral, Raúl, Barber, J. Xavier, Pérez-Murcia, María Dolores, Paredes, Concepción, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Agroquímica y Bioquímica, Torres-Climent, Ángel, Martín-Mata, Julio, Marhuenda Egea, Frutos Carlos, Moral, Raúl, Barber, J. Xavier, Pérez-Murcia, María Dolores, and Paredes, Concepción
- Abstract
The management of biodegradable wastes is increasing, including the use of waste as a source of energy. Anaerobic digestion involves organic-matter decomposition under anoxic conditions by a microbial consortium, obtaining a source of renewable energy (biogas), mainly constituted of a mixture of carbon dioxide (CO2, 25–45 percent), methane (CH4, 55–75 percent), and the digested substrate (digestate). The direct application of digestate into agricultural soils presents several problems. These include agronomic (low concentration of nutrients, high salinity, etc.), economic (cost of transport and handling), and environmental issues (gaseous emissions, nutrient leaching, and pathogen spread). However, it is possible to obtain quality compost from the solid fraction of digestate, and the compost obtained can have good properties for use as container growing medium or for crop production. In this work, an optimized procedure has been developed for composting the solid phase of a digestate obtained from a continuous, anaerobic codigestion of cattle slurry with 84 percent of cattle manure, 7.4 percent of a mixture of maize/silage, and 8.6 percent of peach-juice pulp (fresh-mass basis). The experiment was designed to optimize pH, carbon (C) / nitrogen (N) ratio, and moisture values in order to maximize self-heating activity, using Dewar self-heating tests. A factorial optimization of moisture and C/N ratio was carried out. In the best moisture-C/N ratio treatment, pH optimization was also developed. To predict the optimum conditions of the studied residue related to the increase of temperature per dry matter, a multiple correlation analysis based on moisture, C/N ratio, and pH was developed, which explained 80 percent of the variance in this experiment.
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- 2015
23. Chemical, Thermal and Spectroscopic Methods to Assess Biodegradation of Winery-Distillery Wastes during Composting
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Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Agroquímica y Bioquímica, Torres-Climent, Ángel, Gomis, P., Martín-Mata, Julio, Bustamante, María A., Marhuenda Egea, Frutos Carlos, Pérez-Murcia, María Dolores, Pérez-Espinosa, Aurelia, Paredes, Concepción, Moral, Raúl, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Agroquímica y Bioquímica, Torres-Climent, Ángel, Gomis, P., Martín-Mata, Julio, Bustamante, María A., Marhuenda Egea, Frutos Carlos, Pérez-Murcia, María Dolores, Pérez-Espinosa, Aurelia, Paredes, Concepción, and Moral, Raúl
- Abstract
The objective of this work was to study the co-composting process of wastes from the winery and distillery industry with animal manures, using the classical chemical methods traditionally used in composting studies together with advanced instrumental methods (thermal analysis, FT-IR and CPMAS 13C NMR techniques), to evaluate the development of the process and the quality of the end-products obtained. For this, three piles were elaborated by the turning composting system, using as raw materials winery-distillery wastes (grape marc and exhausted grape marc) and animal manures (cattle manure and poultry manure). The classical analytical methods showed a suitable development of the process in all the piles, but these techniques were ineffective to study the humification process during the composting of this type of materials. However, their combination with the advanced instrumental techniques clearly provided more information regarding the turnover of the organic matter pools during the composting process of these materials. Thermal analysis allowed to estimate the degradability of the remaining material and to assess qualitatively the rate of OM stabilization and recalcitrant C in the compost samples, based on the energy required to achieve the same mass losses. FT-IR spectra mainly showed variations between piles and time of sampling in the bands associated to complex organic compounds (mainly at 1420 and 1540 cm-1) and to nitrate and inorganic components (at 875 and 1384 cm-1, respectively), indicating composted material stability and maturity; while CPMAS 13C NMR provided semi-quantitatively partition of C compounds and structures during the process, being especially interesting their variation to evaluate the biotransformation of each C pool, especially in the comparison of recalcitrant C vs labile C pools, such as Alkyl /O-Alkyl ratio.
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- 2015
24. A comparative cost analysis for using compost derived from anaerobic digestion as a peat substitute in a commercial plant nursery
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Restrepo Gallón, Adriana Patricia, García García, José, Moral Herrero, Raúl, Vidal Giménez, Fernando, Pérez Murcia, María Dolores, Bustamante Muñoz, María Ángeles, Paredes Gil, Concepción, Restrepo Gallón, Adriana Patricia, García García, José, Moral Herrero, Raúl, Vidal Giménez, Fernando, Pérez Murcia, María Dolores, Bustamante Muñoz, María Ángeles, and Paredes Gil, Concepción
- Abstract
A.P. Restrepo, J. Garcia-Garcia, R. Moral, F. Vidal, M.D. Pérez-Murcia, M.A. Bustamante, and C. Paredes. 2013. A comparative cost analysis for using compost derived from anaerobic digestion as a peat substitute in a commercial plant nursery. Cien. Inv. Agr. 40(2): 253-264. The aim of this study was to evaluate the economic feasibility of using compost made from anaerobically digested cattle slurries in a commercial nursery. Using a comparative cost analysis, commercial peat substrate growing media has been partially substituted with increasing proportions of compost (25, 50 and 75% v/v of compost). This experiment was intended to establish the conditions under which the use of these composts is feasible and competitive relative to commercial peat, at both agronomic and economic levels. Neither the quality of germination nor the vegetative development of the seedlings selected for the experiment (tomato, melon and pepper) were compromised, which was a necessary condition of peat substitution. In addition, the economic effects of using alternative compost media instead of peat alone have been quantified. The results showed that the most suitable scenario from an agronomic standpoint is to substitute 25% of the peat with compost because higher proportions of compost in the growing media are more limiting, especially for the tomato crop. At an economic level, reductions of up to 43% of the substrate cost and a 4.6% improvement in the commercial contribution margin for a company in this sector resulted from 50% peat substitution., A.P. Restrepo, J. García-García, R. Moral, F. Vidal, M.D. Pérez-Murcia, M.A. Bustamante y C. Paredes. 2013. Análisis de costes comparativo del uso de compost derivados de procesos de biometanización en sustitución de turbas en semilleros hortícolas comerciales. Cien. Inv. Agr. 40(2): 253-264. El objeto del presente estudio fue evaluar la viabilidad económica de compost derivados de la biometanización de estiércoles vacunos en su uso en semilleros hortícolas comerciales. Mediante un análisis comparativo se ensayaron dosis crecientes de sustitución compost-turba (25, 50 y 75%, expresado en volumen), frente al medio de turba comercial. Se pretende establecer las condiciones en las que el uso del compost propuesto es viable y competitivo frente al uso de turbas comerciales, tanto a nivel agronómico como económico. Se establece como condición necesaria en las estrategias de sustitución la inexistencia de disminución de la calidad de la germinación y del desarrollo vegetativo de las plántulas de los cultivos seleccionados para el ensayo (tomate, melón y pimiento). También se ha cuantificado el efecto económico que tendría en una explotación comercial representativa el uso del sustrato alternativo mezcla, frente al uso exclusivo de turbas que actualmente se realiza. Como principales resultados se ha obtenido que el escenario más idóneo a nivel agronómico se sitúa en el 25% de sustitución de la turba, siendo más limitante tasas de sustitución superiores, especialmente para el cultivo de tomate. A nivel económico se pueden alcanzar reducciones de hasta el 43% del coste del sustrato con un incremento de hasta un 4,6% del margen bruto comercial de una empresa tipo para la sustitución de turba en un 50%.
- Published
- 2013
25. Valorización de residuos procedentes de la producción de plántulas de vid mediante co-compostaje
- Author
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Torres Omedes, María, Pérez Murcia, María Dolores, Martínez Sabater, Encarnación, and Departamentos de la UMH::Agroquímica y Medio Ambiente
- Subjects
6 - Ciencias aplicadas::63 - Agricultura. Silvicultura. Zootecnia. Caza. Pesca::631 - Agricultura. Agronomía. Maquinaria agrícola. Suelos. Edafología agrícola [CDU] ,Compostaje ,Residuos orgánicos ,Vid ,Sarmientos - Abstract
El objetivo del trabajo es estudiar la valorización, mediante compostaje, de sarmientos de vid junto con destríos de cítrico y caqui y gallinaza con la finalidad de mejorar su gestión y la calidad del producto obtenido, así como investigar la minimización en el uso de estiércol en las mezclas de compostaje. Para alcanzar los objetivos planteados se diseñan tres ensayos de compostaje a escala real con diferentes proporciones de los ingredientes, aumentando la cantidad de destríos y disminuyendo la de gallinaza. El diseño experimental seguido consiste en la caracterización inicial de los residuos a compostar, el establecimiento de la mezcla a compostar, el desarrollo del sistema de compostaje mediante tres pilas volteadas y el análisis de las características fisicoquímicas y químicas de los materiales a compostar a lo largo del proceso, así como del producto final obtenido. El compostaje con mayor diversidad de ingredientes mejora la calidad y capacidad fertilizante de los compost en comparación con la mezcla binaria, lo que permitirá reducir la aplicación de fertilizantes minerales complementarios. Además, permite disminuir la cantidad de estiércol utilizado en el compostaje y, con ello, los costes para el agricultor que necesite gestionar los residuos derivados de su actividad económica The objective of the work is to study the recovery, through composting, of vine shoots together with citrus and persimmon waste and chicken manure in order to improve its management and the quality of the product obtained, as well as to investigate the minimization in the use of manure in composting mixes. In order to reach the stated objectives, three full-scale composting trials are designed with different proportions of the ingredients, increasing the amount of waste of fruits and decreasing the amount of chicken manure. The experimental design followed consists of the initial characterization of the waste, the establishment of the mixture to be composted, the development of the composting system using three overturned piles and the analysis of the physical-chemical and chemical characteristics of the materials to be composted throughout the process, as well as the final product obtained. Composting with a greater diversity of ingredients improves the quality and fertilizing capacity of the composts compared to the binary mixture, which will reduce the application of complementary mineral fertilizers. In addition, it allows to reduce the amount of manure used in composting and the costs for the farmer who needs to manage the waste derived from his economic activity
- Published
- 2022
26. Valorización mediante compostaje de los residuos agrícolas generados en la estación experimental agraria de Elche
- Author
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Antón Cayuelas, Ana, Pérez Murcia, María Dolores, and Moral Moreno, Raúl
- Subjects
6 - Ciencias aplicadas::63 - Agricultura. Silvicultura. Zootecnia. Caza. Pesca::631 - Agricultura. Agronomía. Maquinaria agrícola. Suelos. Edafología agrícola [CDU] ,Compostaje - Abstract
Los residuos agrícolas son una fuente de materia orgánica necesaria para la supervivencia de los suelos. Mediante el compostaje se consigue gestionar los desechos y aprovechar el resultado del proceso, consiguiendo con ellos un modelo de economía circular. El objetivo de este trabajo fue valorizar mediante compostaje los residuos de destrío de granada y plantones de naranjo de la finca de experimentación agraria de Elche. Para conseguir una mezcla adecuada se utilizó estiércol de oveja de una finca próxima. Como resultado se obtuvo un producto higienizado y humificado con propiedades fertilizantes, pudiendo ser utilizado como un producto enmendante y reduciendo el consumo de insumos de la propia finca. Agricultural waste is a source of organic matter necessary for soil survival. By composting, the waste is managed and the result of the process is obtained, acquiring whith them a circular economy model. The objective of this work was to value by composting the waste of pomegranatr pick and Orange tree seedlings of the farm of agricultural experimentation of Elche. To get a proper mixture, sheep manure from a nearby farm was used. As a result, a sanitized and humidified producto whith fertilizing properties was obtained, being able to be used as an amending product and reducing the consumption of inputs from the farm itself.
- Published
- 2021
27. Aplicación directa de alperujos en suelos agrícolas del Bajo Maestrazgo
- Author
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Lozano Pelegrín, Manuel, Pérez Murcia, María Dolores, and Martínez Sabater, Encarnación
- Subjects
6 - Ciencias aplicadas::63 - Agricultura. Silvicultura. Zootecnia. Caza. Pesca::631 - Agricultura. Agronomía. Maquinaria agrícola. Suelos. Edafología agrícola [CDU] ,Resíduos orgánicos ,Compostaje - Abstract
En este trabajo se desarrolla un programa de seguimiento científico-técnico especifico tras la aplicación directa de alperujo fresco en diversos suelos del Maestrat de Castellón. Con la finalidad de investigar y evaluar los efectos agronómicos y medioambientales de la aplicación directa de alperujos a tiempo 0, 6, 10 meses. En parcelas en producción, con una superficie mínima de una hectárea, diferente accesibilidad, pendiente y tipo de suelo. La evaluación final permitió obtener evidencias que permiten avanzar en una potencial propuesta de autorización para el Uso Directo de Alperujos en la Agricultura Valenciana. In this work, a specific scientific-technical monitoring program is developed after the direct application of fresh alperujo on various soils of the Maestrat de Castellón. In order to investigate and evaluate the agronomic and environmental effects of the direct application of alperujos in time 0, 6, 10 months. In production plots, with a minimum area of one hectare, different accessibility, slope and type of soil. The final evaluation allows obtaining evidence that allows progress in a potential authorization proposal for the Direct Use of Alperujos in Valencian Agriculture.
- Published
- 2021
28. Agrocompostaje de residuos en una pequeña explotación ecológica
- Author
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Párraga Riquelme, Rubén, Moral Herrero, Raúl, and Pérez Murcia, María Dolores
- Subjects
6 - Ciencias aplicadas::63 - Agricultura. Silvicultura. Zootecnia. Caza. Pesca::631 - Agricultura. Agronomía. Maquinaria agrícola. Suelos. Edafología agrícola [CDU] ,Compostaje - Abstract
El compostaje es una alternativa a la gestión de los residuos vegetales agrícolas y además en el entorno de la agricultura ecológica permite la obtención de un material orgánico estabilizado que puede incorporarse a los suelos ecológicos ampliando la gama de productos que el agricultor puede disponer para su producción agrícola. En este trabajo se desarrollan procesos de co-compostaje de estiércol de oveja y triturado de poda de cítricos con destríos hortícolas y plantas adventicias. Se analizan diversos parámetros que afectan al proceso de compostaje y al uso del compost final, así como los índices de madurez. Los resultados obtenidos nos muestran que el compostaje puede ser una buena alternativa a la gestión de los residuos siempre que los materiales sean los adecuados. Composting is an alternative to the management of agricultural plant residues and also in the environment of organic farming allows obtaining a stabilized organic material that can be incorporated into organic soils by expanding the range of products that the farmer can have for production agricultural In this work there are processes of co-composting of sheep manure and crushing of citrus pruning with horticultural remains and adventitious plants. Analyze various parameters that affect the composting process and the use of the final compost, as well as the maturity indexes. The results obtained show us that composting can be a good alternative to waste management as long as the materials are adequate.
- Published
- 2021
29. Efecto de una enmienda orgánica y diferentes tipos de mulching sobre la evaporación de agua del suelo
- Author
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Aparicio Ruiz, Manuel, Pérez Murcia, María Dolores, and Andreu Rodríguez, Francisco Javier
- Subjects
6 - Ciencias aplicadas::63 - Agricultura. Silvicultura. Zootecnia. Caza. Pesca [CDU] ,Humedad del suelo ,Resíduos vegetales - Abstract
Los residuos vegetales, a menudo se eliminan mediante quemas o llevándolos a vertederos, ocasionando grandes costes económicos y medioambientales; en consonancia con la gestión del suelo se pretenden utilizar estos residuos siguiendo los principios de Estrategia de economía circular de la Unión Europea. En este trabajo, se analizará el efecto de utilizar diferentes materiales de origen vegetal (procedentes de podas) como mulching en diferentes tipos de suelos enmendados o no, sobre la retención de agua, sobre el contenido de materia orgánica y sobre el contenido de agregados estables. Los ensayos se realizan en atmosfera controlada (invernadero EPSO) y en macetas. El aporte de materia orgánica y el uso del mulching mejoran de forma general la retención del agua en el suelo, existiendo pocas diferencias asociadas al material usado como mulching en este experimento, aunque parecen ser más eficientes los obtenidos a partir del tallo de la caña común (Arundo donax L.) y poda de cítricos y el menos eficiente la hoja de palmera (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Plant waste is often disposed of by burning or taking it to landfills, causing great economic and environmental costs; In line with land management, this waste is intended to be used in accordance with the principles of the Circular Economy Strategy of the European Union. In this work, the effect of using different materials of plant origin (coming from pruning) as mulching in different types of soil amended or not, on water retention, on the content of organic matter and on the content of stable aggregates will be analyzed. The tests are carried out in a controlled atmosphere (EPSO greenhouse) and in pots. The contribution of organic matter and the use of mulching generally improve the retention of water in the soil, there are few differences associated with the material used as mulching in this experiment, although those obtained from the stem of the common cane seem to be more efficient (Arundo donax L.) and citrus pruning and the least efficient palm leaf (Phoenix dactylifera L.).
- Published
- 2020
30. Análisis de la presencia de plaguicidas en las mezclas iniciales y compost maduros de productores agroecológicos de la Comunitat Valenciana. El rol del compostaje en su eliminación
- Author
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García Rández, Ana, Moral Herrero, Raúl, and Pérez Murcia, María Dolores
- Subjects
6 - Ciencias aplicadas::63 - Agricultura. Silvicultura. Zootecnia. Caza. Pesca::631/635 - Gestión de las explotaciones agrícolas [CDU] - Published
- 2020
31. Oportunidades de valorización mediante compostaje de los residuos orgánicos de origen urbano y afines en Ecuador: propuesta de gestión para la provincia de Chimborazo
- Author
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Jara Samaniego, Janneth, Departamentos de la UMH::Agroquímica y Medio Ambiente, Moral Herrero, Raúl, and Pérez Murcia, María Dolores
- Subjects
Residuos urbanos ,6 - Ciencias aplicadas::63 - Agricultura. Silvicultura. Zootecnia. Caza. Pesca::631 - Agricultura. Agronomía. Maquinaria agrícola. Suelos. Edafología agrícola [CDU] ,Residuos orgánicos ,6 - Ciencias aplicadas::62 - Ingeniería. Tecnología::628 - Ingeniería sanitaria. Agua. Saneamiento. Ingeniería de la iluminación [CDU] - Abstract
Esta Tesis Doctoral pretende contribuir a una mejor gestión de la fracción orgánica asociada a los residuos urbanos-municipales y afines en regiones en vías de desarrollo de la zona latinoamericana mediante compostaje. Para ello se han seleccionado varios cantones de la provincia de Chimborazo-Ecuador con el fin de brindar una alternativa a la actual disposición en vertedero. Con este fin, en esta tesis se han realizado diferentes fases de investigación, incluyendo diferentes escenarios de compostaje y co-compostaje, así como la validación de los compost en usos agrícolas, incluyendo como ingredientes en medios de cultivo sin suelo para especies hortícolas. La identificación y caracterización de fuentes de materia orgánica disponibles en la región permitió conocer que estos residuos presentan niveles aceptables de nutrientes, alta biodegradabilidad y baja concentración de metales pesados lo que los hace aptos para ser sometidos a procesos de compostaje. En función de la composición se configuraron diferentes procesos de compostaje, uno inicial, donde se establecen condiciones ideales (fracciones orgánicas clasificadas y recolectadas separadamente y en origen junto a agentes estructurantes puros y separados por especies vegetales), y en una segunda fase procesos de compostaje más próximos a la realidad de una recogida no selectiva de la fracción orgánica. En todos los escenarios planteados se produjo un correcto proceso de compostaje destacando una intensa actividad biodegradativa, y una dependencia directa del proceso en función de la naturaleza de la fracción orgánica residual utilizada (ej. contenido de impropios, agentes estructurantes) alcanzándose una calidad promedio en los compost finales homologable a compost de orígenes similares. Se planteó la validación de algunos de estos compost en cultivo en contenedor para el desarrollo de plántulas desde semilla, donde se observó que el progresivo reemplazo de turba por compost influyó en las propiedades del sustrato, disminuyendo su calidad con respecto a la turba. Considerando de forma conjunta la germinación y la producción de biomasa (que aumentó con la adición del compost) podemos concluir que el nivel de sustitución ideal se sitúa en el 25% para todos los cultivos y tipos de compost. Estas condiciones de sustitución podrían generar una reducción del 23% en el coste del sustrato y el margen bruto empresarial se incrementaría en un 2,9%. El valor económico equivalente de los nutrientes NPK contenidos en los compost elaborados en ambos experimentos de compostaje, se estableció entre 24 y 46 €/tonelada, dependiendo este valor del contenido de P y especialmente de K, que son los de mayor valor equivalente. Esto demuestra que los procesos de compostaje concentran estos nutrientes aumentando el valor de los flujos residuales y facilitando el tránsito de residuo a recurso, This Doctoral Thesis intends to contribute to a better management by composting of the organic fraction associated to municipal-urban wastes in developing regions in the Latin American area. For this, different Cantons of the province of Chimborazo have been selected to provide an alternative to the current disposal in the landfill. With this objective, different research phases have been developed, including different composting and co-composting scenarios, as well as the validation of the composts obtained with agricultural purposes, using them as ingredients in growing media for horticultural plant production. The identification and characterization of the available organic matter sources in the studied region showed that these wastes presented acceptable nutrient contents, a high biodegradability and a low concentration of heavy metals, aspects that make them suitable to be managed by composting processes. According to the composition of these wastes, different composting processes were designed: an initial study, where the ideal conditions were established (organic fractions classified and separately collected and source-separated together with non-mixed bulking agents separated by type of plant species) and a second study, in which were developed composting processes closer to a real scenario that considers the unclassified organic fraction. In all the established scenarios was observed a suitable development of the composting process, highlighting an intense biodegradative activity, and a direct dependence of the process on the nature of the organic fraction used (e.g. content of unfit material, bulking agent used), reaching an average quality in the end-products obtained equivalent to composts with similar origin. In addition, some of the obtained composts were validated as growing media for the soilless seedling production, where it was observed that the progressive replacement of peat by compost influenced the substrate properties, decreasing its quality in relation to peat. Considering together the germination and the biomass production (which increased with the compost addition), we can conclude that the ideal substitution level is of 25% for all the plant species and compost types. These conditions of substitution could generate a reduction of 23% in the cost of the substrate and an increase of 2.9% in the business contribution margin. The economic value associated to the nutrients NPK contained in the composts elaborated in both composting studies, was established between 24 and 46 €/ton, depending this value on the P content and especially, on the K content, which are the nutrients with the highest equivalent value. This demonstrates that the composting processes concentrate these nutrients, increasing the value of these residual streams and thus, making easier the transition from waste to resource
- Published
- 2018
32. Co-compostaje de residuos ganaderos y vegetales: optimización del proceso y evolución de la materia orgánica en diferentes escenarios
- Author
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Torres Climent, Ángel L., Departamentos de la UMH::Agroquímica y Medio Ambiente, Moral Herrero, Raúl, Pérez Murcia, María Dolores, Bustamante Muñoz, María Ángeles, and Bustamante Muñoz, María de los Ángeles
- Subjects
6 - Ciencias aplicadas::63 - Agricultura. Silvicultura. Zootecnia. Caza. Pesca::631 - Agricultura. Agronomía. Maquinaria agrícola. Suelos. Edafología agrícola [CDU] ,Residuos orgánicos ,Fertilizantes orgánicos refinados - Published
- 2018
33. Caracterización de residuos ganaderos del sureste español: Implicaciones agronómicas y medioambientales
- Author
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Rufete Sáez, Ana Belén, Departamentos de la UMH::Agroquímica y Medio Ambiente, Pérez Espinosa, Aurelia, Pérez Murcia, María Dolores, and Moral Herrero, Raúl
- Subjects
6 - Ciencias aplicadas::63 - Agricultura. Silvicultura. Zootecnia. Caza. Pesca::631 - Agricultura. Agronomía. Maquinaria agrícola. Suelos. Edafología agrícola [CDU] ,Residuos animales ,Fertilizantes y abonos - Published
- 2018
34. Estudio comparativo de diferentes escenarios de fertilización en cultivo de eneldo: implicaciones a nivel agronómico y medioambiental
- Author
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Castejón del Pino, Raúl, Moral Herrero, Raúl, and Pérez Murcia, María Dolores
- Subjects
Eneldo ,6 - Ciencias aplicadas::63 - Agricultura. Silvicultura. Zootecnia. Caza. Pesca::633 - Cultivos y producciones [CDU] ,Fertilizantes y abonos - Abstract
Las prácticas agrícolas comúnmente empleadas en los sistemas intensivos de producción contribuyen a generar unas condiciones ambientales insostenibles. En este estudio, se ha ensayado la adición de distintos materiales fertilizantes orgánicos e inorgánicos al suelo en un cultivo de eneldo en sistema intensivista, con el fin de evaluar de forma comparativa las distintas condiciones generadas por cada uno de los tratamientos en el cultivo y en el suelo. Los resultados obtenidos nos han permitido debatir sobre la influencia de los tratamientos en la producción de biomasa, el estado nutricional del cultivo y la evolución de los parámetros del suelo, así como en las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero; situando a los tratamientos orgánicos bioestabilizados como una alternativa real a los sistemas intensivistas. The agronomic practices commonly employed in intensive production systems contribute to generate unsustainable environmental conditions. In this study, it has been tested the addition of diverse organic and inorganic fertilizing materials to the soil for dill cropping in intensive conditions, in order to compare the different conditions generated by each scenario in both the crop and the soil. The results obtained have allowed us to discuss about the influence of the different treatments on the yield and nutritional status of the crop, and on the evolution of the soil parameters, as well as in the greenhouse gases emissions; constituting the bio-stabilized organic scenarios a real alternative to the intensive systems.
- Published
- 2018
35. Co-compostaje de residuos procedentes de almazara en zonas rurales del interior de la provincia de Alicante
- Author
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Sánchez García, Francisco Borja and Pérez Murcia, María Dolores
- Subjects
Almazaras ,6 - Ciencias aplicadas::63 - Agricultura. Silvicultura. Zootecnia. Caza. Pesca::631 - Agricultura. Agronomía. Maquinaria agrícola. Suelos. Edafología agrícola [CDU] ,compostaje - Abstract
En este trabajo se desarrolla un procedimiento de seguimiento de obtención de compost a partir de los residuos de almazara alperujo y hoja de olivo incorporando gallinaza, que junto a la hoja hacen de estructurante. El seguimiento se basa en el análisis de las propiedades físicas, químicas y biológicas durante el proceso y especialmente en el compost maduro. El proceso de compostaje se llevó a cabo mediante un sistema de pila abierta, con aireación natural y volteos de periódicos. La temperatura fue utilizada para monitorear el proceso de compostaje durante 6 meses. La evaluación de calidad final permitió verificar las capacidades de higiene, agronómicas y fertilizantes de compost desarrollado. This essay is going to expose the proceed to obtain compost using olive mill wastes mill pomace and olive leaves, adding chicken manure mixed with the olive leaves decrease initial density. The monitoring consists in an analysis of the physical, chemical and biological properties during the compost age proceed and specially in the mature compost. The proceed of composting consisted in an open windrow compost with passive aeration and periodic turnings. Temperature was used to monitoring the composting proceed during 6 months. The evaluation of the final quality allowed to verify the hygienic, agronomic and fertilizing from the compost obtained.
- Published
- 2018
36. Valorization opportunities by means of composting of municipal solid waste in Ecuador: Management proposal for Chimborazo Region
- Author
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Jara Samaniego, Janneth, Moral Herrero, Raúl, Pérez Murcia, María Dolores, and Departamentos de la UMH::Agroquímica y Medio Ambiente
- Subjects
Residuos urbanos ,6 - Ciencias aplicadas::63 - Agricultura. Silvicultura. Zootecnia. Caza. Pesca::631 - Agricultura. Agronomía. Maquinaria agrícola. Suelos. Edafología agrícola [CDU] ,Residuos orgánicos ,6 - Ciencias aplicadas::62 - Ingeniería. Tecnología::628 - Ingeniería sanitaria. Agua. Saneamiento. Ingeniería de la iluminación [CDU] - Abstract
Esta Tesis Doctoral pretende contribuir a una mejor gestión de la fracción orgánica asociada a los residuos urbanos-municipales y afines en regiones en vías de desarrollo de la zona latinoamericana mediante compostaje. Para ello se han seleccionado varios cantones de la provincia de Chimborazo-Ecuador con el fin de brindar una alternativa a la actual disposición en vertedero. Con este fin, en esta tesis se han realizado diferentes fases de investigación, incluyendo diferentes escenarios de compostaje y co-compostaje, así como la validación de los compost en usos agrícolas, incluyendo como ingredientes en medios de cultivo sin suelo para especies hortícolas. La identificación y caracterización de fuentes de materia orgánica disponibles en la región permitió conocer que estos residuos presentan niveles aceptables de nutrientes, alta biodegradabilidad y baja concentración de metales pesados lo que los hace aptos para ser sometidos a procesos de compostaje. En función de la composición se configuraron diferentes procesos de compostaje, uno inicial, donde se establecen condiciones ideales (fracciones orgánicas clasificadas y recolectadas separadamente y en origen junto a agentes estructurantes puros y separados por especies vegetales), y en una segunda fase procesos de compostaje más próximos a la realidad de una recogida no selectiva de la fracción orgánica. En todos los escenarios planteados se produjo un correcto proceso de compostaje destacando una intensa actividad biodegradativa, y una dependencia directa del proceso en función de la naturaleza de la fracción orgánica residual utilizada (ej. contenido de impropios, agentes estructurantes) alcanzándose una calidad promedio en los compost finales homologable a compost de orígenes similares. Se planteó la validación de algunos de estos compost en cultivo en contenedor para el desarrollo de plántulas desde semilla, donde se observó que el progresivo reemplazo de turba por compost influyó en las propiedades del sustrato, disminuyendo su calidad con respecto a la turba. Considerando de forma conjunta la germinación y la producción de biomasa (que aumentó con la adición del compost) podemos concluir que el nivel de sustitución ideal se sitúa en el 25% para todos los cultivos y tipos de compost. Estas condiciones de sustitución podrían generar una reducción del 23% en el coste del sustrato y el margen bruto empresarial se incrementaría en un 2,9%. El valor económico equivalente de los nutrientes NPK contenidos en los compost elaborados en ambos experimentos de compostaje, se estableció entre 24 y 46 €/tonelada, dependiendo este valor del contenido de P y especialmente de K, que son los de mayor valor equivalente. Esto demuestra que los procesos de compostaje concentran estos nutrientes aumentando el valor de los flujos residuales y facilitando el tránsito de residuo a recurso, This Doctoral Thesis intends to contribute to a better management by composting of the organic fraction associated to municipal-urban wastes in developing regions in the Latin American area. For this, different Cantons of the province of Chimborazo have been selected to provide an alternative to the current disposal in the landfill. With this objective, different research phases have been developed, including different composting and co-composting scenarios, as well as the validation of the composts obtained with agricultural purposes, using them as ingredients in growing media for horticultural plant production. The identification and characterization of the available organic matter sources in the studied region showed that these wastes presented acceptable nutrient contents, a high biodegradability and a low concentration of heavy metals, aspects that make them suitable to be managed by composting processes. According to the composition of these wastes, different composting processes were designed: an initial study, where the ideal conditions were established (organic fractions classified and separately collected and source-separated together with non-mixed bulking agents separated by type of plant species) and a second study, in which were developed composting processes closer to a real scenario that considers the unclassified organic fraction. In all the established scenarios was observed a suitable development of the composting process, highlighting an intense biodegradative activity, and a direct dependence of the process on the nature of the organic fraction used (e.g. content of unfit material, bulking agent used), reaching an average quality in the end-products obtained equivalent to composts with similar origin. In addition, some of the obtained composts were validated as growing media for the soilless seedling production, where it was observed that the progressive replacement of peat by compost influenced the substrate properties, decreasing its quality in relation to peat. Considering together the germination and the biomass production (which increased with the compost addition), we can conclude that the ideal substitution level is of 25% for all the plant species and compost types. These conditions of substitution could generate a reduction of 23% in the cost of the substrate and an increase of 2.9% in the business contribution margin. The economic value associated to the nutrients NPK contained in the composts elaborated in both composting studies, was established between 24 and 46 €/ton, depending this value on the P content and especially, on the K content, which are the nutrients with the highest equivalent value. This demonstrates that the composting processes concentrate these nutrients, increasing the value of these residual streams and thus, making easier the transition from waste to resource
- Published
- 2016
37. Sostenibilidad del sector agroindustrial de Ecuador mediante el compostaje de sus residuos y el uso agrícola de los materiales obtenidos
- Author
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Gavilanes Terán, Irene del Carmen, Paredes Gil, Concepción, Pérez Espinosa, Aurelia, Pérez Murcia, María Dolores, and Departamentos de la UMH::Agroquímica y Medio Ambiente
- Subjects
6 - Ciencias aplicadas::63 - Agricultura. Silvicultura. Zootecnia. Caza. Pesca::631 - Agricultura. Agronomía. Maquinaria agrícola. Suelos. Edafología agrícola [CDU] ,Residuos orgánicos ,Fertilizantes y abonos - Abstract
El desarrollo del sector agroindustrial en América del Sur da la oportunidad de aplicar las estrategias más eficaces para la eliminación y tratamiento de residuos orgánicos que se generan. Por lo tanto, es importante identificar la variabilidad en la composición de los residuos agroindustriales para llevar a cabo su gestión adecuada. La provincia ecuatoriana de Chimborazo se encuentra en la zona central del corredor interandino. Las principales agroindustrias en esta provincia están relacionadas con la producción de verduras, carne, plantas ornamentales, harina de distintos cereales y madera. La gestión de los residuos procedentes de estas agroindustrias no está optimizada con respecto a las consecuencias ambientales asociadas. Por lo tanto, el objetivo principal de esta tesis fue la gestión sostenible de los residuos agroindustriales generados en la provincia de Chimborazo mediante el compostaje y la evaluación del uso agrícola de los compost obtenidos. The increase of the agroindustrial sector in South America gives the opportunity to apply the most effective strategies for the disposal and treatment of organic wastes generated. Therefore, it is important to identify the variability in the composition of the agroindustrial wastes to carry out their adequate management. The Ecuadorian province of Chimborazo is located in the central area of the inter-Andean corridor. The main agroindustries in this province are related to the production of vegetables, meat, ornamental plants, flour from different cereals and wood. The management of the wastes from these agroindustries is not optimized with respect to the associated environmental consequences. Therefore, the main aim of this thesis was the sustainable management of agroindustrial wastes from Chimborazo Province by composting and the evaluation the agricultural use of composts obtained.
- Published
- 2016
38. Compostaje de tronco palmera con lodos de depuración de aguas residuales urbanas
- Author
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Navarrón Izquierdo, Luis, Pérez Espinosa, Aurelia, and Pérez Murcia, María Dolores
- Subjects
Aguas residuales ,6 - Ciencias aplicadas::63 - Agricultura. Silvicultura. Zootecnia. Caza. Pesca::631 - Agricultura. Agronomía. Maquinaria agrícola. Suelos. Edafología agrícola [CDU] ,Residuos orgánicos ,Lodos - Abstract
En este trabajo, se desarrolla un procedimiento experimental con el objetivo de obtener la mejor relación de compostaje de lodos de depuradora de aguas residuales urbanas junto al tronco de palmera como agente estructurante. La optimización se basa en el análisis de las propiedades fisicoquímicas, químicas y biológicas durante el proceso y en los composts maduros. El proceso de compostaje se llevó a cabo en composteras móviles de 350 litros, con aireación natural y volteos periódicos. Durante el proceso se utilizó la temperatura y la humedad como indicadores de la evolución del proceso de compostaje durante los 86 días. Finalmente, la evaluación de la calidad del compost permitió observar las cualidades higiénicas, agronómicas y fertilizantes de las mezclas estudiadas, y proponer la proporción de materiales más idónea para su desarrollo a mayor escala In this investigation, it is developed an experimental procedure with the objective of getting the best relation between the mud composting of urban waste wáter with the palm tree trunk as structure agent. The optimization is based on the analysis of physicochemical, chemical and biological properties during t he process and with mature compost. The composting process was carried out 350 litres, with nature aire and periodical turning over. During the process, the temperatura and humidity were used as indicators of the compost process evolution along the 86 days. Finally, as a consecuence of the evaluation of the compost quality, it was observed the hygienic, agronomic ad fertilizer qualities of the studied mixtures in order to propose the best materials for its development
- Published
- 2016
39. Valorización de lodos de depuración de la industria de procesados vegetales mediante co-compostaje con tronco de palmera
- Author
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Sánchez García, Francisco Borja, Moral Herrero, Raúl, and Pérez Murcia, María Dolores
- Subjects
6 - Ciencias aplicadas::63 - Agricultura. Silvicultura. Zootecnia. Caza. Pesca::631 - Agricultura. Agronomía. Maquinaria agrícola. Suelos. Edafología agrícola [CDU] ,Residuos orgánicos ,Lodos - Abstract
En este trabajo, se desarrolla un procedimiento de optimización para obtener la mejor relación de co-compostaje de lodos de depuradora de agroindustrial y un agente estructurante (tronco de palmera). La optimización se basa en el análisis de las propiedades físicas, químicas y biológicas durante el proceso y especialmente en los composts maduros. Los procesos de compostaje se llevaron a cabo usando composteras de 350L, con aireación natural y volteos de periódicos. La temperatura y la humedad fueron utilizadas para monitorear los procesos de compostaje durante 60 días. La evaluación de calidad final permitió verificar las capacidades de higiene, agronómicas y fertilizantes de compost desarrollados In this investigation, an optimisation procedure was developed to stablish the best relationship for co-composting of agro industrial sewage sludge and a bulking agent (palm tree trunk). The optimization is based in the analysis of the physical, chemical, and biological properties during the process and especially in the matured composts. The composting processes were carried out using 350L composters, with natural aeration and periodic turnings. Temperature and humidity were used to monitor the composting processes during 60 days. A final quality assessment was developed in order to verify hygienic, agronomic and fertilizing capacities of developed composts
- Published
- 2016
40. Valorización de flujos residuales orgánicos generados en entornos urbanos mediante co-compostaje
- Author
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Montes García, Lorena and Pérez Murcia, María Dolores
- Subjects
6 - Ciencias aplicadas::63 - Agricultura. Silvicultura. Zootecnia. Caza. Pesca::631 - Agricultura. Agronomía. Maquinaria agrícola. Suelos. Edafología agrícola [CDU] ,Residuos orgánicos ,Fertilizantes orgánicos refinados ,Lodos - Abstract
Debido al aumento de la población, se ha incrementado la generación de residuos, que demandan una adecuada gestión. El compostaje es una alternativa viable de tratamiento de estos residuos. En este experimento, se han ensayado proporciones variables de lodo de depuradora y de restos de poda de hoja de palmera y de morera de forma tal que podemos observar la incidencia de la proporción y relación entre restos vegetales y lodo de depuradora. En conclusión, la relación en torno al 40% de lodo de depuradora y al 60% de restos de poda ensayados parece adecuada para desarrollar un buen proceso de compostaje, que permitiría conseguir las condiciones adecuadas para la higienización de los materiales, acortar el proceso de compostaje y obtener un compost con un alto contenido de materia orgánica humificada y nutriente Due to increase in population has increased waste generation, demanding proper management. Composting is a viable alternative to treatment of these wastes. In this experiment, they were tested varying proportions of sewage sludge and pruning of palm and mulberry so that we can observe the incidence of proportion and relationship between plant waste and sewage sludge. In conclusión, the ratio around 40% of sewage sludge and 60% of remains of pruning tested seems appropiate to develop a good composting process, which will achieve adequate for sanitizing the material conditions, shorten the process composting and obtain a compost with a high content of humified organic matter and nutrient
- Published
- 2015
41. Manejo y caracterización de residuos sólidos urbanos de la provincia de Chimborazo - Ecuador y su potencial uso en agricultura
- Author
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Jara Samaniego, Janneth, Pérez Murcia, María Dolores, and Moral Herrero, Raúl
- Subjects
6 - Ciencias aplicadas::63 - Agricultura. Silvicultura. Zootecnia. Caza. Pesca::631 - Agricultura. Agronomía. Maquinaria agrícola. Suelos. Edafología agrícola [CDU] ,Residuos orgánicos ,Residuos sólidos urbanos - Abstract
El presente trabajo hace un análisis general del manejo de residuos sólidos urbanos de la provincia de Chimborazo - Ecuador dentro del contexto de los países de Latinoamérica y El Caribe. Se ha realizado una completa caracterización de nueve muestras de residuos sólidos urbanos mediante el análisis de parámetros físico químicos, químicos y biológicos entre los que se destacan pH, conductividad eléctrica, materia orgánica, carbono orgánico total, nitrógeno total, carbono orgánico hidrosoluble, macro y micronutrientes, polifenoles, aniones solubles, metales pesados e índice de germinación. Los resultados indican un promedio de porcentajes de materia orgánica y de carbono de 64,3% y 34,1% respectivamente. La materia orgánica presenta un contenido de carbono del 53,1%. Este valor concuerda con los descritos en bibliografía (50-58%). Todos los residuos analizados presentaron contenidos de metales pesados más bajos que los límites permitidos en biosólidos por lo que pueden ser considerados un producto de “calidad excepcional”. Estas características hacen que estos residuos orgánicos puedan potencialmente ser compostados y utilizados con fines agrícolas The aim of this work was to carry out a general analysis of the management of the municipal solid wastes generated in the province of Chimborazo - Ecuador in the context of the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. A complete characterisation of nine solid waste samples has been carried out, analysing physico-chemical, chemical and biological parameters, such as pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, water-soluble organic carbon, macro and micronutrients, polyphenols, water-soluble anions, heavy metals and the germination index. The results indicate average percentages of organic matter and total organic carbon of 64.3% and 34.1%, respectively. Organic matter shows a content of carbon of 53.1%. This value is consistent with those described in the literature (50-58%). All the wastes analysed showed heavy metal contents lower than the limit values allowed in biosolids to be considered an “exceptional quality” product. These characteristics make possible that these organic wastes can be composted and used for agricultural purposes
- Published
- 2014
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