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GECEM Project (ERC-Starting Grant), ref. 679371, under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, www.gecem.eu., www.gecem.eu, https://www.gecem.eu/publications/index.html, This paper introduces an innovative method applied to global (economic) history using the tools of digital humanities through the design and development of the GECEM Project Database (www.gecem.eu; www.gecemdatabase.eu). This novel database goes beyond the static Excel files frequently used by conventional scholarship in early modern history studies to mine new historical data through a bottom-up process and analyse the global circulation of goods, consumer behaviour, and trade networks in early modern China and Europe. Macau and Marseille, as strategic entrepôts for the redistribution of goods, serve as the main case study. This research is framed within a polycentric approach to analyse the connectivity of south Chinese and European markets with trade zones of Spain, France, South America, and the Pacific., GECEM Project (ERC-Starting Grant), ref. 679371, Horizon 2020, project hosted at UPO

This open access book considers a pivotal era in Chinese history from a global perspective. This book's insight into Chinese and international history offers timely and challenging perspectives on initiatives like "Chinese characteristics", "The New Silk Road" and "One Belt, One Road" in broad historical context. Global History with Chinese Characteristics analyses the feeble state capacity of Qing China questioning the so-called "High Qing" (shèng qing ¿¿) era's economic prosperity as the political system was set into a "power paradox" or "supremacy dilemma". This is a new thesis introduced by the author demonstrating that interventionist states entail weak governance. Macao and Marseille as a new case study aims to compare Mediterranean and South China markets to provide new insights into both modern eras? rising trade networks, non-official institutions and interventionist impulses of autocratic states such as China's Qing and Spain's Bourbon empires., GECEM Project (ERC-Starting Grant), ref. 679371, Horizon 2020, project hosted at UPO

During the academic year 2019-2020, GECEM has undertaken several academic initiatives and presented preliminary results to further the project¿s goals. These include interdisciplinary studies, Open Science research which is accessible to the world, and expanding knowledge of Sino-European international relations, particularly the economic ties between both regions as well as socio-cultural transfers. The above areas stand out as the main pillars supporting the project¿s objective of comprehending past, present, and forseeable issues in China-Europe relations and finding solutions for current and even future problems, today. For example, the analysis of consumer behaviour, market integration between China and Europe, the so-called ¿early globalization¿ and circulation of global goods in Chinese and European markets during the Qing dynasty, sheds light upon and approaches the great divergence debate and the factors of northwestern Europe¿s take-off and China¿s economic stagnation in the first Industrial Revolution from a totally different perspective., GECEM Project (ERC-Starting Grant), ref. 679371, Horizon 2020, project hosted at UPO

[ES] Procedimiento de obtención directa del coeficiente de extinción de materiales de pequeña absorción, que comprende las etapas de proporcionar una muestra depositando en un sustrato (1) dos láminas (3, 4), una de mayor grosor (X1) y una de un grosor (X2) menor de un material (2) de baja absorción, proporcionar un haz de luz (5) con una polarización p en una longitud de onda de trabajo, que incide en las láminas (3, 4) siguiendo el ángulo θB de Brewster, crear un movimiento relativo con una frecuencia determinada entre el haz de luz (5) y la muestra de tal manera que el haz de luz (5) se desplace entre las dos láminas (3, 4), obtener una diferencia de transmitancia (ΔT) entre las dos láminas (3, 4), y derivar a partir de ello el coeficiente de extinción k., [EN] Procedure for directly obtaining the extinction coefficient of low absorption materials, comprising the steps of providing a sample by depositing two sheets (3, 4) on a substrate (1), one thicker (X1) and one thicker (X1). X2) smaller than a material (2) with low absorption, provide a beam of light (5) with a polarization p at a working wavelength, which hits the sheets (3, 4) following the Brewster angle θB , create a relative movement with a certain frequency between the light beam (5) and the sample in such a way that the light beam (5) moves between the two sheets (3, 4), obtain a transmittance difference (ΔT) between the two sheets (3, 4), and derive from this the extinction coefficient k., Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), A1 Solicitud de patente con informe sobre el estado de la técnica

GECEM (Global Encounters between China and Europe: Trade Networks, Consumption and Cultural Exchanges in Macau and Marseille, 1680-1840), a project hosted by the Pablo de Olavide University (UPO) of Seville (Spain). The GECEM project is funded by the ERC (European Research Council)-Starting Grant, ref. 679371, under the European Union¿s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, www.gecem.eu. The P.I. (Principal Investigator) is Professor Manuel Perez-Garcia (Distinguished Researcher at UPO). This work was supported by H2020 European Research Council. This research has also been part of the academic activities of the Global History Network in China www.globalhistorynetwork.com., GECEM project reviews traditional scholarship which has attempted to answer big questions such as why China did not develop at the same economic levels than northwestern Europe in the first industrialization or why modern capitalism did not emerge in China. The main aim of GECEM project is to analyze changes in patterns of consumption, and its correlation with economic growth, through the introduction of western goods (from European and American origin) in China such as potato, sweet potato, tobacco, red wine, glasses for wine, clocks, mirrors and other luxury products, as well as the consumption of Chinese goods in Europe such as silk, tea and porcelain, through the study case of two city ports, Macao and Marseille. The third GECEM Newsletter provides an overview of the academic results and actions of GECEM project., GECEM Project (ERC-Starting Grant), ref. 679371, Horizon 2020, project hosted at UPO, Versión del editor

[ES] En el presente proyecto se focaliza la atención en los procesos/maquinas que provocan un proceso productivo más lento dentro de la línea. Como se dice en industria, ‘una cadena es tan fuerte como su eslabón más débil’, el eslabón más débil hace referencia a los procesos que ralentizan el proceso o lo que es lo mismo, que provocan ‘cuellos de botella’. La existencia de ‘cuellos de botella’ provoca una restricción de la capacidad de la línea que produce un descenso considerable de la eficiencia. A lo largo del proyecto, se expondrán diferentes máquinas que son críticas en la línea y se desarrollaran las mejorar para mejorar la eficiencia en los procesos que son ‘cuellos de botella’, mediante la aplicación de soluciones técnicas de ingeniería, como son PLC’s de última generación, nuevas técnicas de programación de autómatas, servoaccionamientos y gráficas de control de procesos. Gracias a estas herramientas se mejorará los tiempos de dichos procesos para adecuarlos al resto de la línea, para así, aumentar la capacidad de producción a lo largo de dicha línea de procesos. Se desarrollara el proceso de diseño de las aplicaciones seleccionadas, exponiendo el contenido del diseño del sistema mecanico, eléctrico y control de la aplicación o actuador. La aplicaciones forman parte de la línea de mecanizado y por consiguiente se han encontrado dificultados a la hora de toma de datos o información de la maquina debido a los tiempos de producción de la factoria. Se debe puntualizar que en el presente trabajo no se desarrolla el estado actual de la aplicación ya que dispone de numerosos sistemas ne los cuales el presente proyecyo no entra, por lo que se ha ddecidido ecplicar las diferentes partes de la maquina para poder comprender el global de los sistemas. En el presente proyecto se focaliza el desarrollo y explicación de los sistemas que intervienen en la modificaciones.

The present newsletter constitutes a detailed report of the activities conducted by the research group from summer 2017 to spring 2018. The GECEM (Global Encounters between China and Europe: Trade Networks, Consumption and Cultural Exchanges in Macau and Marseille, 1680-1840) project, ref. 679371, is funded by the ERC (European Research Council)-Starting Grant, Horizon 2020 (European Union funding for Research & Innovation of the European Commission) being the Universidad Pablo de Olavide in Seville (Spain) the European host institution (see www.gecem.eu)., European Research Council, GECEM Project, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Versión del editor

Tesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Matemáticas. Fecha de lectura: 27-07-2018

En este documento se tratará en un principio, de manera general, las principales características de los métodos basados en la combinación de modelos (Bagging, Random Forest y Boosting). Básicamente, los tres métodos se sustentan en la combinación de árboles de decisión. Los árboles de decisión son una manera muy simple y práctica de realizar predicciones, aunque cierto es que los resultados son muy mejorables. Es por ello por lo que surgen este tipo de métodos (combinación de modelos), para intentar mejorar los resultados de las predicciones. Los árboles de decisión, en función de la variable a predecir (variable objetivo), se pueden dividir en árboles de regresión y árboles de clasificación. En este documento se expondrán los procesos de creación de cada uno de ellos, como también se detallará la forma de predecir las distintas observaciones de las que dispongamos. Tras explicar los modelos (árboles) con los que suelen trabajar los métodos de combinación de modelos, se expondrán, de manera muy generalizada, los modelos de Bagging y Random Forest. Veremos sus principales similitudes y diferencias tanto entre ellos como con el Boosting, el cual es el principal componente de este documento. En cuanto al Boosting, se explicarán de manera muy detallada todas sus características, su procedencia y sus distintos tipos de técnicas y algoritmos, los cuales se expondrán uno a uno haciendo hincapié en sus diferencias y similitudes. Por último, se hará uso del software R para realizar dos ejemplos prácticos. Uno de ellos estará basado en la clasificación de incidencias de una de las mayores empresas de telecomunicaciones de España. Además, en él se llevará a cabo un atractivo proceso de preprocesamiento y limpieza de los datos. El otro ejemplo estará basado en el conjunto de datos “Carseats” contenido en la librería ISLR de R, el cual se basará en la clasificación de una variable binaria. In this document, the main characteristics of the ensemble models (Bagging, Random Forest and Boosting) will be discussed in a general way. Basically, all the three methods are based on the combination of decision trees. Decision trees are a very simple and practical way to make predictions, although it is true that the results are very improvable. That is why this type of methods (ensemble models) arise. They try to improve the results of the predictions of a single decisión tree. Decision trees, depending on the variable to be predicted (target variable), can be divided into regression trees and classification trees. In this document the processes of creation of each of them will be exposed, as well as the way of predicting the different observations that we have. After explaining the models (trees) with which the ensemble models usually work, the models of Bagging and Random Forest will be exposed in a very general way. We will see their main similarities and differences both between them and with Boosting, which is the main component of this document. As for Boosting, all its characteristics, its origin and its different types of techniques and algorithms will be explained in a very detailed manner, which will be presented one by one, emphasizing their differences and similarities. Finally, the R software will be used to show two practical examples. One of them will be based on the classification of incidents of one of the largest telecommunications companies in Spain. In addition, an attractive process of preprocessing and data cleaning will be carried out on it. The other examples will be based on the "Carseats" data set contained in ISLR package of R, which will be based on the classification of a binary variable. Universidad de Sevilla. Doble Grado en Matemáticas y Estadística

Rethinking the ways global history is envisioned and conceptualized in diverse countries such as China, Japan, Mexico or Spain, this collections considers how global issues are connected with our local and national communities. It examines how the discipline had evolved in various historiographies, from Anglo Saxon to southern European, and its emergence in Asia with the rapid development of the Chinese economy motivation to legitimate the current uniqueness of the history and economy of the nation. It contributes to the revitalization of the field of global history in Chinese historiography, which have been dominated by national narratives and promotes a debate to open new venues in which important features such as scholarly mobility, diversity and internationalization are firmly rooted, putting aside national specificities. Dealing with new approaches on the use of empirical data by framing the proper questions and hypotheses and connecting western and eastern sources, this text opens a new forum of discussion on how global history has penetrated in western and eastern historiographies, moving the pivotal axis of analysis from national perspectives to open new venues of global history., GECEM Project, Global Encounters between China and Europe: Trade Networks, Consumption and Cultural Exchanges in Macau and Marseille (1680-1840), ERC (European Research Council)- Starting Grant, programa Horizon 2020, número de ref. 679371, www.gecem.eu., Versión del editor

Este documento recoge el análisis, desarrollo y evaluación experimental de posibles soluciones para la medida de deflexión en las articulaciones flexibles de brazos robóticos de muy bajo peso diseñados para aplicaciones de manipulación aérea. El objetivo es estimar y controlar las fuerzas y pares ejercidos sobre el manipulador a partir de la deformación de un elemento elástico introducido en las articulaciones. La importancia de este trabajo reside la necesidad de obtener una medida fiable, precisa y rápida sin comprometer la característica de bajo peso de los brazos, realizando las menores modificaciones estructurales posibles. Se han propuesto distintas soluciones que pueden emplearse para este propósito, realizando pruebas extensivas sobre los dispositivos más adecuados para el montaje y decidiendo en última instancia la mejor de ellas en base a los resultados de los distintos tests. Se han considerado en un estudio preliminar diversos sensores entre los que se incluyen potenciómetros, codificadores magnéticos y sensores de distancia laser por tiempo de vuelo. Tras comparar sus características y considerar los requisitos de diseño impuestos por la aplicación, se ha decidido evaluar en profundidad los codificadores magnéticos AS5047D y los sensores de distancia VL6180X. En particular, se han obtenido resultados experimentales en diferentes condiciones de medida sobre el nivel de ruido, rango de operación, resolución, tasa máxima de lectura, o efecto de perturbaciones externas. This document includes the analysis, development and experimental evaluation of possible solutions for the measurement of the deflection in the flexible joints of very low weight robotic arms designed for aerial manipulation applications. The objective is to estimate and control the forces and torques exerted on the manipulator from the deformation of an elastic element introduced into the joints. The relevance of this work resides in the need to obtain a reliable, precise and fast measurement without compromising the low weight feature of the arms, making as few structural modifications as possible. Different solutions have been proposed to achive this purpose, carrying out extensive tests on the most suitable devices for assembly and ultimately deciding the best one based on the results of the different tests. Several sensors including potentiometers, magnetic encoders and time-of-flight laser distance sensors have been considered in a preliminary study. After comparing their characteristics and considering the design requirements imposed by the application, it was decided to evaluate in depth the AS5047D magnetic encoder and VL6180X distance sensors. In particular, experimental results have been obtained under different measurement conditions on noise level, operating range, resolution, maximum reading rate, or effect of external disturbances. Universidad de Sevilla. Máster en Ingeniería Electrónica, Robótica y Automática

The GECEM (Global Encounters between China and Europe: Trade Networks, Consumption and Cultural Exchanges in Macau and Marseille, 1680-1840) project, ref. 679371, is funded by the ERC (European Research Council)-Starting Grant, Horizon 2020 (European Union funding for Research & Innovation of the European Commission) being the Universidad Pablo de Olavide in Seville (Spain) the European host institution (see www.gecem.eu)., Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Versión del editor