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El artículo analiza los conflictos éticos detectados por Psicólogas/os en la Atención Primaria de Salud en Chile, centrando la descripción y análisis en los percibidos como emergentes, a través de un estudio cualitativo, tipo exploratorio-descriptivo. Dos fueron los principales conflictos identificados: a) resguardo de información sensible en ficha clínica electrónica y b) atención a personas LGBTIQ+ sin capacitación correspondiente. El estudio transparenta la importancia de visibilizar demandas incipientes en salud pública a través de las perspectivas de los propios profesionales, dotándoles de notoriedad para avanzar en su priorización y resolución. Explorar la dimensión ética es relevante para el ejercicio de la psicología contemporánea, porque da cuenta de las necesidades de la sociedad, permitiendo incluso anticiparse a ellas.

El presente estudio valora las diferentes teorías que abordan el contenido esencial de los derechos fundamentales. Se analiza desde una perspectiva constitucional, esencialmente, visto como una garantía que opera frente al legislador. La investigación realiza un análisis de derecho comparado examinando jurisprudencia de países como España, Perú, Colombia, para finalmente, concatenar el desarrollo de estas proposiciones en el Ecuador. El objetivo fundamental se centra en abordar de manera crítica el desarrollo jurisprudencial ecuatoriano en cuanto a la determinación del núcleo duro, como también se le conoce a esta parte inquebrantable de los derechos, y propone la aplicación de nuevos criterios de razonabilidad para establecer su contenido y alcance. Se implementa el método cualitativo de investigación científica, esencialmente en lo referente a la recolección de información sobre aspectos relacionados con los enfoques teóricos que giran entorno a la determinación de esta zona infranqueable de los derechos fundamentales. Finalmente con el artículo se concluye que la principal dificultad que se presenta en el ordenamiento jurídico constitucional ecuatoriano es precisamente el hecho de que no se instituye una jerarquización de los derechos, es decir que, es realmente perentorio para el Ecuador desarrollar desde el punto de vista normativo estándares claros que permitan a los jueces que esta teoría del contenido esencial sea una herramienta valiosa al momento de emitir sus juicios de valor; teniendo en observancia elementos fundamentales como lo es la naturaleza jurídica, el bien protegido, su finalidad y su ejercicio funcional, a ello se suma la propuesta de la aplicación de criterios de razonabilidad para optimizar dicha valoración sobre todo cuando existen derecho fundamentales en contradicción.

Environmental Justice, defined as “The fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies” (EPA), has been the object of study of this article in which it is shown how through the work of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), the problem of inequalities and problems that arise in the day for certain communities and spaces can be revealed. The background shown and the methodology used are the result of numerous activities developed by “The POP Movement” (2016), in collaboration with various organizations, academic institutions, governments, civil society and particularly with young people from various countries around the world, among others: The International Conference and POP Festival for Youth-Led Climate Action; Intergenerational Dialogue on Environmental Justice and Equity; Latin American Dialogue; GlobalMindED Webinar and Truth and Reconciliation Week. The results obtained from the direct participation of the actors are shown through the problem analysis format, which are recorded within the framework of equity, justice, human rights and the environment, during the events. These results have allowed the design of strategies of action to address the identified problem, under the principle of “Youth inspired by Knowledge.” These results are manifested in various areas: Differentiated impact of climate change; Role of government in environmental justice, and Role of communities and other sectors. Finally, the conclusions obtained during the development of the various events mentioned are presented and that lead us to the following consideration, “The threat of the climate crisis is the one that looms over the world. And yet, the impact of climate change disproportionately affects some of the lives and livelihoods of the world’s most vulnerable and marginalized communities.”

Considerar los resguardos éticos presentes en la investigación constituye un imperativo que representa una garantía de calidad vinculada al rigor, confiabilidad y credibilidad ofrecida a cada participante y a la sociedad en su conjunto. A través de un estudio de diseño hermenéutico, se exploró sobre los resguardos éticos detectados por diez psicólogos dedicados a la investigación cualitativa. Los resultados permitieron categorizar en tres etapas el proceso investigativo: planificación, ejecución y evaluación, e indican la necesidad de desarrollar una reflexividad crítica que debe desplegarse en cada una de esas fases. Se concluye que la investigación cualitativa en psicología tiene un manifiesto compromiso social que demanda debatir sobre las prácticas académicas, y que la posición ética de quien investigue debe estar comprometida con el campo científico, así como con los participantes, a modo de reciprocidad para su perfeccionamiento constante.

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Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection syndrome has been observed in immunosuppressed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Detecting and treating asymptomatic Strongyloides infection in individuals from endemic areas can effectively prevent hyperinfection. Unfortunately, many clinicians are unaware of this neglected infection. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate whether including Strongyloides screening in COVID-19 management protocols would encourage this practice. To accomplish this, we conducted a retrospective single-center study at 'Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre' in Madrid, Spain, comparing two consecutive cohorts. The first cohort comprised all Latinx patients over 18 years old who were admitted for COVID-19 between March 1st and April 30th, 2020. The second cohort consisted of Latinx patients admitted between July 1st and December 31st, 2020, following an amendment to the COVID-19 management protocol that recommended screening for strongyloidiasis in at-risk patients. We identified 559 and 795 patients in the first and second periods, respectively. The percentage of individuals screened increased significantly from 8.8% to 51.6% after the screening recommendation was included in the protocol (odds ratio [OR] 11.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 8.01–15.33). In both periods, the screening rate was significantly higher among those receiving immunosuppression than those who did not receive steroids and/or tocilizumab. No other factors influenced the screening rate. In conclusion, including strongyloidiasis screening recommendations in COVID-19 management protocols led to its increased implementation. However, the overall screening rate remained low, emphasizing the need for further efforts to enhance screening practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Periodontal diseases are the most common affections of mankind and they are defined as a chronic immunoinflamatory reaction of the protection or insertion periodonto. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the topic watery extract Mangifera indica L. as mouthwash in patients with edematous and fibroedematous chronic gingivitis. Methods: A study of therapeutic intervention was carried out in 84 patients with edematous and fibroedematous chronic gingivitis, assisted in Mártires del Moncada Teaching Provincial Stomatologic Clinic in Santiago de Cuba, from November, 2014 to the same month in 2015. The sample was divided in 2 groups (study and control) of 42 members each one, treated with topic watery extract of Mangifera indica L. and with watery solution of chlorhexidine at 0.2 %, respectively. The patients were evaluated at the beginning, at the 7, 14 and 21 days of having begun the treatment. A survey was applied for gathering the data and the Student T test, homogeneity test and the chi square test were used for the difference of samples, with p

Background: Candidaemia and invasive candidiasis are typically hospital-acquired. Genotyping isolates from patients admitted to different hospitals may be helpful in tracking clones spreading across hospitals, especially those showing antifungal resistance. Methods: We characterized Candida clusters by studying Candida isolates (C. albicans, n = 1041; C. parapsilosis, n = 354, and C. tropicalis, n = 125) from blood cultures (53.8%) and intra-abdominal samples (46.2%) collected as part of the CANDIMAD (Candida in Madrid) study in Madrid (2019–2021). Species-specific microsatellite markers were used to define the genotypes of Candida spp. found in a single patient (singleton) or several patients (cluster) from a single hospital (intra-hospital cluster) or different hospitals (widespread cluster). Results: We found 83 clusters, of which 20 were intra-hospital, 49 were widespread, and 14 were intra-hospital and widespread. Some intra-hospital clusters were first detected before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, but the number of clusters increased during the pandemic, especially for C. parapsilosis. The proportion of widespread clusters was significantly higher for genotypes found in both compartments than those exclusively found in either the blood cultures or intra-abdominal samples. Most C. albicans- and C. tropicalis-resistant genotypes were singleton and presented exclusively in either blood cultures or intra-abdominal samples. Fluconazole-resistant C. parapsilosis isolates belonged to intra-hospital clusters harboring either the Y132F or G458S ERG11p substitutions; the dominant genotype was also widespread. Conclusions: the number of clusters—and patients involved—increased during the COVID-19 pandemic mainly due to the emergence of fluconazole-resistant C. parapsilosis genotypes.

COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) have been documented during the COVID-19 pandemic. The vast majority of these patients do not meet the classic EORTC/MSGERC criteria for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. The question arises as to whether there may have been an over-diagnosis of this disease. Here we review our experience and analyze the evolution of 27 patients who were diagnosed with CAPA during hospital admission. Surviving patients were followed-up for a mean time of 15 months (SD 3.78) by a group of experts and clinical records of diseased patients were reviewed. After expert evaluation and follow-up, 10 patients were finally assumed as CAPA according to expert opinion. These cases represent 40% of the initially CAPA assumed cases. Our data suggest the need to reconsider actual diagnosis criteria for CAPA what could drive to better identification of these patients.

Background: Fluconazole‐resistant Candida parapsilosis is a matter of concern. Objectives: To describe fluconazole‐resistant C. parapsilosis genotypes circulating across hospitals in Spain and Rome and to study their azole‐resistance profile associated with ERG11p substitutions. Patients/Methods: We selected fluconazole‐resistant C. parapsilosis isolates (n = 528 from 2019 to 2023; MIC ≥8 mg/L according to EUCAST) from patients admitted to 13 hospitals located in five Spanish cities and Rome. Additionally, we tested voriconazole, posaconazole, isavuconazole, amphotericin B, micafungin, anidulafungin and ibrexafungerp susceptibility. Results: Of the 53 genotypes found, 49 harboured the Y132F substitution, five of which were dominating city‐specific genotypes involving almost half the isolates. Another genotype involved isolates harbouring the G458S substitution. Finally, we found two genotypes with the wild‐type ERG11 gene sequence and one with the R398I substitution. All isolates were fully susceptible/wild‐type to amphotericin B, anidulafungin, micafungin and ibrexafungerp. The azole‐resistance patterns found were: voriconazole‐resistant (74.1%) or voriconazole‐intermediate (25.2%), posaconazole‐resistant (10%) and isavuconazole non‐wild‐type (47.5%). Fluconazole‐resistant and voriconazole non‐wild‐type isolates were likely to harbour substitution Y132F if posaconazole was wild type; however, if posaconazole was non‐wild type, substitution G458S was indicated if isavuconazole MIC was >0.125 mg/L or substitution Y132F if isavuconazole MIC was ≤0.125 mg/L. Conclusions: We detected a recent clonal spread of fluconazole‐resistant C. parapsilosis across some cities in Spain, mostly driven by dominating city‐specific genotypes, which involved a large number of isolates harbouring the Y132F ERG11p substitution. Isolates harbouring substitution Y132F can be suspected because they are non‐susceptible to voriconazole and rarely posaconazole‐resistant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malaria is a parasitic disease distributed in tropical areas but with a high number of imported cases in non-endemic countries. The most specific and sensitive malaria diagnostic methods are PCR and LAMP. However, both require specific equipment, extraction procedures and a cold chain. This study aims to solve some limitations of LAMP method with the optimization and validation of six LAMP assays, genus and species-specific, using an easy and fast extraction method, the incorporation of a reaction control assay, two ways (Dual) of result reading and reagent lyophilization. The Dual-LAMP assays were validated against the Nested-Multiplex Malaria PCR. A conventional column and saline extraction methods, and the use of lyophilized reaction tubes were also assessed. A new reaction control Dual-LAMP-RC assay was designed. Dual-LAMP-Pspp assay showed no cross-reactivity with other parasites, repeatability and reproducibility of 100%, a significant correlation between parasite concentration and time to amplification and a LoD of 1.22 parasites/µl and 5.82 parasites/µl using column and saline extraction methods, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of the six Dual-LAMP assays reach values of 100% or close to this, being lower for the Dual-LAMP-Pm. The Dual-LAMP-RC assay worked as expected. Lyophilized Dual-LAMP results were concordant with the reference method. Dual-LAMP malaria assays with the addition of a new reaction control LAMP assay and the use of a fast and easy saline extraction method, provided low limit of detection, no cross-reactivity, and good sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, the reagent lyophilization and the dual result reading allow their use in most settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract Background The importance of submicroscopic malaria infections in high-transmission areas could contribute to maintain the parasite cycle. Regarding non-endemic areas, its importance remains barely understood because parasitaemia in these afebrile patients is usually below the detection limits for microscopy, hence molecular techniques are often needed for its diagnosis. In addition to this, the lack of standardized protocols for the screening of submicroscopic malaria in immigrants from endemic areas may underestimate the infection with Plasmodium spp. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of submicroscopic malaria in afebrile immigrants living in a non-endemic area. Methods A prospective, observational, multicentre study was conducted. Afebrile immigrants were included, microscopic observation of Giemsa-stained thin and thick blood smears, and two different molecular techniques detecting Plasmodium spp. were performed. Patients with submicroscopic malaria were defined as patients with negative blood smears and detection of DNA of Plasmodium spp. with one or both molecular techniques. Demographic, clinical, analytical and microbiological features were recorded and univariate analysis by subgroups was carried out with STATA v15. Results A total of 244 afebrile immigrants were included in the study. Of them, 14 had a submicroscopic malaria infection, yielding a prevalence of 5.7% (95% confidence interval 3.45–9.40). In 71.4% of the positive PCR/negative microscopy cases, Plasmodium falciparum alone was the main detected species (10 out of the 14 patients) and in 4 cases (28.6%) Plasmodium vivax or Plasmodium ovale were detected. One patient had a mixed infection including three different species. Conclusions The prevalence of submicroscopic malaria in afebrile immigrants was similar to that previously described in Spain. Plasmodium vivax and P. ovale were detected in almost a third of the submicroscopic infections. Screening protocols for afebrile immigrants with molecular techniques could be useful for a proper management of these patients.

Introduction: bruxism is a parafunctional habit characterized by the incessant action of grinding and/or clenching teeth inappropriately, which causes alterations in the stomatognathic system. Objective: to describe the behavior of bruxism in pre-university students belonging to the health area of San Juan y Martínez municipality. Methods: a descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out on young people enrolled at Isabel Rubio Diaz pre-university, San Juan y Martínez municipality, Pinar del Río province, during September 2017 to June 2018. The target group consisted of 570 students of both sexes enrolled in the morning session of the institute, with ages between 16 and 18 years. Selecting students with the clinical characteristics as bruxism (n=198). Data were processed through analytical statistics for each variable and the information was expressed in absolute and relative frequencies. Results: the highest number of patients affected belonged to female sex, predominantly in the 18-year-old group. The most frequently signs and symptoms found were headache and dental alterations, being stress the most associated risk factor with this disorder. Conclusions: the behavior of bruxism was described, which made it possible to propose new research on factors related to the origin and prevention of this disorder in order to control its associated risks and the harm of health.

Ternary sulfided NiMoW/Ti-HMS solids with varying Si/Ti ratio (e.g., 20, 40, 60) and with Ti incorporated via a post-synthesis method were evaluated in the hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene. Ti-incorporation improved the catalytic activity of the samples up to 2.4 times compared to the sample without titanium and to a reference industrial catalyst. The performance was mainly associated with differences observed in the stacking and length and the dispersion of the active phase, this effect being stronger for the NiMoW/HMS-Ti 20 sample. The latter displayed the highest catalytic activity and sulfur removal via hydrogenation.

The present quantitative study shows the singularities of the university audience in Mexico in 2017, measured according to their civic participation, how they assess national institutions, and how they interact with the media regarding social and political issues. The surveyed population consisted of 1,195 young adults of 23 years of average age and who are part of private universities located in Jalisco, Mexico City and Aguascalientes. The results indicate that the offline participation in social capital is more significant than online participation of this university audience. The only institutions that have an approval index for this audience are religious institutions, universities, and the media. Finally, the university audience in Mexico has features of being passive and conservative regarding its consumption of information and its political participation in media. This population reflects apathy in expressing their opinion in media regarding social and political issues in the country.

Abstract Background Malaria is currently the most important human parasitic disease in the world responsible for high morbidity and mortality. Appropriate diagnostic methods are essential for early detection. Microscopy examination remains the gold standard, although molecular techniques have higher sensitivity and are very useful in cases of low parasitaemia and mixed infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate a new commercial molecular diagnostic technique. Methods A prospective, observational, multicentre study was performed between January 2015 and April 2017. All participants were immigrants from malaria-endemic areas, who were divided into two groups: asymptomatic group and symptomatic. Samples from both groups were evaluated by a rapid diagnostic test (ImmunoQuick® Malaria + 4 RDT), microscopy examination, and two commercial molecular malaria tests (FTD Malaria and FTD Malaria Differentiation), then compared against an in-house reference PCR technique. Results In all, 250 patients were included: 164 (65.6%) in the asymptomatic group, and 86 (34.4%) in the symptomatic group. There were seven cases of asymptomatic parasitaemia (prevalence = 2.8%) that were detected only by molecular methods. In the symptomatic group, there were seven cases of submicroscopic malaria. The main species detected was Plasmodium falciparum (96.6%). The commercial molecular technique had higher sensitivity than the other methods (S = 96%) and a high rate of concordance with the in-house reference PCR technique (Kappa score = 0.93). Conclusions The molecular techniques, although slower than microscopy, have adequate diagnostic accuracy and are very useful for the detection of P. falciparum in cases with low parasitaemia.

Este artículo discute la consideración de algunos elementos éticos fundamentales en la intervención a personas con esquizofrenia, en el ámbito clínico y comunitario, escenarios preferentes de las prestaciones de salud en la actualidad. Los conceptos tratados son vulnerabilidad, autonomía y paternalismo, consentimiento informado y confidencialidad. Se expone la necesidad de que los profesionales de la salud mental reflexionen sobre el tipo de intervenciones realizadas, integrando en cada caso la opinión y deseos de los pacientes, así como de sus familiares y/o tutores. Se pregunta si estos aspectos son o no considerados y cómo mejorarlos, resguardando los intereses de los intervenidos y no transgrediendo el respeto y dignidad en un marco ético consensuado y mínimo.

Objective: The aim of this study is to assess Trypanosoma cruzi infection prevalence among pregnant migrants living in Madrid according to the country of origin and to assess screening coverage in this at‐risk population. Methods: Retrospective multicentre cross‐sectional study conducted from January 2011 to December 2016 in eight Madrid hospitals. Each hospital reviewed their microbiology data records to assess the screening coverage and serological diagnosis in all pregnant women coming from endemic areas. Results: From 2011 to 2016, 149,470 deliveries were attended at the eight hospitals, and 11,048 pregnant women were screened for Chagas disease. Most cases (93.5%) were in women from Bolivia, who also showed the highest prevalence (12.4%, 95% confidence interval: 9.9–15.0). Pooled prevalence amongst the screened women was 2.9% (95% CI: 1.8–4.1). Chagas disease screening coverage varied greatly between centres, with a pooled mean coverage of 47% (95% CI: 37%–57%; 73% [95% CI: 63%–82%] for those centres with universal screening vs. 10% [95% CI: 6%–15%] for those with a selective screening approach; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our study provides useful data for policy makers and epidemiologists in a non‐endemic area without congenital Chagas screening programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During a visceral leishmaniasis outbreak in an area of Madrid, Spain, the incidence of disease among solid organ transplant recipients was 10.3% (7/68). Being a black person from sub-Saharan Africa, undergoing transplantation during the outbreak, and residing

Esta investigación forma parte de un estudio realizado entre Chile, los Es-tados Unidos y México para identificar los usos que los jóvenes hispanos les dan a sus teléfonos inteligentes conocidos como smartphones. El obje-tivo del estudio es identificar los hábitos de consumo, las preferencias de este medio respecto de otros, así como las principales actividades que rea-lizan los jóvenes mexicanos a través de su teléfono celular. El método de in-vestigación que guía el estudio es mixto, dado que se utilizan técnicas para obtener los resultados de forma cualitativa, a través de encuestas focales, y cuantitativa, a través de encuestas en línea. La población indagada forma parte de los jóvenes de entre 18 y 25 años que estudian en una Universi-dad privada en el área metropolitana de Guadalajara. En las encuestas fo-cales participaron 27 alumnos y se aplicaron 707 encuestas en línea. Los resultados muestran que el smartphone ha puesto al alcance aplicaciones que satisfacen diversas necesidades de comunicación de forma instantá-nea; los jóvenes utilizan este dispositivo más de cinco horas diarias, siendo WhatsApp la red social más importante para comunicarse con su familia y amigos. A manera de conclusión, puede decirse que, para esta población es-tudiada, existe una relación directa respecto del género de la persona para la elección de la marca, el tiempo de consumo y, finalmente, para la elec-ción de uso de los smartphones frente a otras redes sociales en línea y me-dios de comunicación.

Introduction: nowadays computing brings great benefits to store, process and transmit information and data. Dental clinics are institutions where daily information is handled day-to-day, specifically medical records. Objective: to develop an automated system for the management of clinical histories in Comprehensive Dentistry Care Method: a technological development research based on a quantitative-qualitative and cross-sectional study was conducted at Pedro Borras Astorga University Polyclinic and at Antonio Briones Montoto Dentistry Clinic. The target group included all the patients who requested dentistry care service from both institutions, and the sample was constituted by patients who received the service of Comprehensive Dentistry Care of a chosen polyclinic from Pinar del Rio municipality. Results: a Computerized System for the management of dentistry clinical history was built in the specialty of Comprehensive Dentistry Care. Conclusions: the computer system will be developed with basic and technical requirements that are necessary for the functioning of a dentistry clinic. It will have a great professional impact since its functional and operational performance will significantly help in the organization and control of patients. The use of a piece of software will meet the expectations of doing research and of business actors along with the criteria of experts, who are part of the study and agree with the need to develop a product having a trouble-free design and format, which will allow the incorporation of data in the system and its later generalization. DeCS: Software, clinical history, Comprehensive Dentistry Care

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo plantear una reflexión sobre la necesidad de incluir de manera efectiva planteamientos bioéticos en la atención primaria de salud (aps) en el contexto latinoamericano, describiendo y proponiendo aspectos relevantes en los cuales la disciplina concretamente puede aportar. Caracterizada la aps con prestaciones desplegadas, tanto a nivel individual, como comunitario, se describen sus desafíos futuros y el horizonte mismo que la bioética tiene en ella, con lo cuals e contribuye a optimizar el cuidado de la salud y así se dota de excelencia el actuar profesional y sus procedimientos, y se humaniza el acto de atención en salud pública. Se concluye que los criterios que abogaban por la cantidad en este nivel de salud afectaron negativamente a la expresión de una calidad total hacia los beneficiarios; también ha mermado el impacto de la bioética asimilada en la salud pública. Superada esta transición, la bioética es llamada a integrar la calidad en salud, lo que a su vez acorta significativamente la brecha existente hacia la equidad.

Introducción: las periodontopatías constituyen una amenaza para la salud bucal. Aunque su etiología es multicausal los factores locales son los que más frecuentemente lo originan.Objetivo: identificar el comportamiento de algunos factores de riesgo en la aparición de periodontopatías.Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo prospectivo en el consultorio 18 del Policlínico Dr. Modesto Gómez Rubio, municipio San Juan y Martínez, de febrero a diciembre del 2013 con el objetivo de identificar el comportamiento de algunos factores de riesgo en la aparición de periodontopatías. El universo estuvo constituido por 592 individuos, y la muestra quedó integrada por 269 pacientes. Se evaluaron variables como edad, sexo, nivel educacional, presencia de enfermedad periodontal y algunos factores de riesgo.Resultados: los pacientes que presentaban enfermedad periodontal eran fundamentalmente féminas y pertenecían a la población de entre 20-59 años. El mayor número de enfermos tenía nivel educacional medio, higiene bucal deficiente y practicaban el hábito de fumar. El factor de riesgo que más afectó la población fue la presencia de placa dental bacteriana con 238 pacientes para un 88,4 %.Conclusiones: se identificó el comportamiento de algunos factores de riesgo en la aparición de periodontopatías lo que posibilita hacer mayor énfasis en la prevención y el tratamiento periodontal primario.

Introducción: en la práctica estomatológica, uno de los procesos periapicales más comúnmente observados en los servicios de urgencias, es el absceso dentoalveolar agudo. Objetivo: describir el comportamiento del absceso dentoalveolar agudo como urgencia en la población adulta. Material y método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal en la Clínica Estomatológica “Hermanos Saiz” del municipio San Juan y Martínez, Pinar del Río, de septiembre de 2013 a septiembre de 2014. El universo estuvo constituido por 120 pacientes con diagnóstico de absceso dentoalveolar agudo según las características clínicas y antecedentes del paciente obtenidos en el interrogatorio. De ellos, se seleccionaron 80 pacientes al azar como muestra. Se procesaron los datos manualmente y presentaron en tablas utilizando el por ciento como medida resumen. Resultados: el mayor número de pacientes afectados correspondió al sexo masculino con un predominio del grupo de edad de 35-59 años. Las fases clínicas I y II fueron las más frecuentes, los molares inferiores resultaron las piezas dentarias más vulnerables; el dolor fue el síntoma más prevaleciente, mientras que nadie acudió aquejado por presentar malestar general. El diagnóstico de esta patología en estadio inicial (fase I) es directamente proporcional a una evolución favorable del cuadro clínico. Conclusiones: se describió el comportamiento del absceso dentoalveolar agudo como urgencia en la población adulta, lo que posibilita proponer nuevas investigaciones sobre factores relacionados con el origen y prevención de dicha enfermedad.

Introducción: las lesiones en la mucosa bucal relacionadas con el uso de prótesis constituyen un problema importante de salud, fundamentalmente en pacientes geriátricos. Objetivo: caracterizar las lesiones bucales en pacientes geriátricos rehabilitados protésicamente. Material y método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y prospectivo en los consultorios médicos #9 y 47 de la Clínica Estomatológica Hermanos Saiz, municipio San Juan y Martínez, Pinar del Río, de septiembre de 2012 a septiembre de 2013. El universo estuvo conformado por 165 pacientes rehabilitados protésicamente, de los cuales 98 constituyeron la muestra, siendo pacientes que presentaron lesiones bucales producto del uso de prótesis. Como medida de resumen se utilizaron el número absoluto y el porcentaje. Resultados: el mayor número de pacientes se encontraban en edades entre 65 y 69 años, el sexo más afectado fue el femenino y las lesiones se encontraron principalmente en el maxilar y en pacientes que usaban prótesis totales de acrílico. Los pacientes que presentaban mala higiene de la prótesis eran más propensos a lesiones bucales. El mayor número de lesiones se encontró en pacientes que no practicaban el hábito de fumar. Conclusiones: se caracterizaron las lesiones bucales en pacientes geriátricos rehabilitados protésicamente, lo que posibilita proponer nuevas investigaciones sobre factores relacionados con el origen y prevención de dichas lesiones producto del uso de prótesis, y así mantener la comunicación necesaria de los implicados en el diagnóstico y atención de las personas longevas.