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Objectives: The current official model of training in Intensive Care Medicine (ICM) in Spain is based on exposure to experiences through clinical rotations. The main objective was to determine the level of competency (I novice to V independent practitioner) achieved by the residents at the end of the 3rd year of training (R3) in ICM through a simulation-based OSCE. Secondary objectives were: (1) To identify gaps in performance, and (2) To investigate the reliability and feasibility of conducting simulation-based assessment at multiple sites., Design: Observational multicenter study., Setting: Thirteen Spanish ICU Departments., Participants: Thirty six R3., Intervention: The participants performed on five, 15-min, high-fidelity crisis scenarios in four simulation centers. The performances were video recorded for later scoring by trained raters., Main Variables of Interest: Via a Delphi technique, an independent panel of expert intensivists identified critical essential performance elements (CEPE) for each scenario to define the levels of competency., Results: A total of 176 performances were analyzed. The internal consistency of the check-lists were adequate (KR-20 range 0.64-0.79). Inter-rater reliability was strong [median Intraclass Correlation Coefficient across scenarios: 0.89 (0.65-0.97)]. Competency levels achieved by R3 were: Level I (18.8%), II (35.2%), III (42.6%), IV/V (3.4%). Overall, a great heterogeneity in performance was observed., Conclusion: The expected level of competency after one year in the ICU was achieved only in half of the performances. A more evidence-based educational approach is needed. Multiple center simulation-based assessment showed feasibility and reliability as an evaluation method of competency., Trial Registration: COBALIDATION. NCT04278976. (https://register., Clinicaltrials: gov)., (Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)