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Tobacco use is closely related to changes in body weight. Undesired weight gain following smoking cessation occurs in most patients. The mechanism responsible for changes in body weight post cessation are only partially understood. Several hypotheses have suggested a temporary increase in blood pressure following smoking cessation. In addition, weight concerns after quitting are common, and may affect tobacco dependence treatment outcomes. The aim of our study was to monitor changes in body weight, blood pressure, incretins and selected hormonal parameters among ex-smokers after three months of abstinence. We also examined factors associated with smoking-related weight concerns. We monitored and evaluated selected parameters (personal history, questionnaires, anthropometric, biochemical, hormonal) and compared before and after tobacco dependece treatment, if patients underwent such treatment. We found that smoking cessation was associated with weight gain. Smokers who were more tobacco dependent or more sedentary were at increased risk. The prevalence of diagnosis hypertension did not differ among non-smokers, former smokers and smokers adjusting for age and BMI. In the pilot phase of our study we demonstrated that three months of smoking abstinence was associated with an increase in serum leptin...

Background In recent years, tobacco use in the Czech Republic has slightly declined, however, approximately a quarter of the population aged 15 and over are smokers. Pharmacists are one of the most easily accessible healthcare professionals and can, therefore, play a key role in the process of smoking cessation. Objectives Primary objective of this work was mapping the smoking cessation support available in Czech pharmacies. Secondary aims included assessing the interest of pharmacists to perform smoking cessation interventions and the importance of different factors hindering them from doing so. Other objectives were mapping different types of smoking cessation support provided in pharmacies and opportunity to refer them to other healthcare professionals. Methods A quantitative survey study was used. Questionnaire were compiled in online platform Survio. Data were collected in March 2022. The questionnaire was distributed via email using the list of registered pharmacies on SÚKL website. In total, 2681 facilities were approached, of which 132 responded. One questionnaire was invalid, therefore, final selection was comprised of 131 pharmacies, the response rate was 4.92 %. Acquired data were processed and analysed in MS Excel software. Results From all respondents, 80.2 % provide or are interested...

Background: In the Czech Republic, there is over 2 million tobacco addicted people. However, it is difficult to get rid of this addiction unassisted, so some people switch to products with lower health risks. This bachelor's thesis deals with alternative nicotine products, especially heated tobacco and electronic cigarettes, and their impact on human health. Aims: The main aim of this study was to find out how users of nicotine products perceive the health effects on their body and whether they perceive a difference between conventional cigarettes, heated tobacco and electronic cigarettes. Furthermore, to map the use of alternative nicotine delivery products. Methods: Data were obtained in the form of quantitative research using a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was developed on the basis of Google Forms. Subsequently, the data were transferred to MS Excel 365 and analyzed by means of methods of descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: 144 respondents took part in the survey a total of 180 respondents were approached, 36 respondents did not meet the required criteria. Of the 144 respondents, 67 were women (aged 18-75) and 77 were men (aged 18-75). The survey results show that respondents' attitudes and opinions about alternative products are ambivalent, but they perceive conventional...

Smoking is a risk factor in relation to health and the negative effects on health are already well known. Despite that, the prevalence of smoking is still relatively high, and smoking causes many deaths from various diseases associated with tobacco use. These deaths could be prevented by effective prevention. Monitoring tobacco use is key for effective prevention. Therefore, various international and national studies monitor tobacco use and their results often differ. In this work I compare available sources of data on smoking, which are implemented in the Czech Republic over the last almost thirty years. In this thesis, six repeated cross-sectional studies were analyzed. In order to compare studies with each other and the change over time, age-standardized prevalence of smoking was calculated for all studies analyzed. Binary logistic regression was used for more detailed comparisons. Furthermore, differences in social inequalities assessed based on education between the analyzed studies were identified. Statistically significant differences in the prevalence of smoking were found between the analyzed studies. Furthermore, different directions of trends in the development of smoking prevalence over time were also found in individual studies. A declining trend for both sexes was found only in the...

Aim of the work: The aim of this work was based on a questionnaire survey to find out the respondents' views on whether smoking cigarettes, electronic cigarettes and the use of heated tobacco affects body weight, including gender differences. The secondary aim was determined with any likelihood of replacing respondents who vape EC or use heated tobacco according to a variable flavor, food, or snack of EC or heated tobacco. Methods: An anonymous online questionnaire consisting of 18 questions was spreaded via Facebook in the Spolucestování, Kolej 17. listopadů and 1. LF UK Nutriční terapeuti interest groups from 21 April 2021 to 31 March 2021, as well as through the discussion forums of the eMimino and Mamaguru websites. Only individuals who smoke cigarettes, vape electronic cigarettes with nicotine or use heated tobacco could participate in the questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was completed by 190 respondents. , while 6 respondents were excluded due to incomplete answers or failure to meet the entry criteria. The final set includes 184 respondents. Results: The group of 184 respondents consisted of 101 women and 83 men. Average age of the group was 27.63 ± 8.20 years, average age of women 27.10 ± 7.53 years, average age of men 28.27 ± 8.96 years. The result shows that 34% of...

This Bachelor Thesis is dealing with eating disorders caused by smoking. Thesis is divided into two main parts - theory and practice. The history of eating disorders, definition of each type of eating disorders, treatment examples and health complications of the disorder are covered in the first theoretical part. Also, there are disclosed the history of smoking, ways of treatment of the tobacco dependence and health consequences of smoking. At the end of the theoretical part there are discussions about the relations between smoking and weight, smoking and eating disorders, relapse of the disease when quitting smoking and about e-smoking among people with eating disorders. Practical part of this thesis contains of the research in a way of the survey. The questionnaire was made in two languages - Russian and Czech, in order to get greater amount of the respondents and to get more diverse answers. A link to the questionnaire was distributed by social media and web pages. Questionnaire was available to fill out from 13. 02. 2018 to 12. 03. 2018 and in total I received 101 respondents (54 for Czech version and 47 for Russian). The questionnaire was composed only for those people who have (or used to have) eating disorders and for those who smoke (or used to smoke) simultaneously. The outcome displays...

Objectives: Within the Czech Republic there are missing reports on smoking prevalence, forms of smoking, sources of cigarettes or the influence of tobacco marketing on children younger than 12 years of age. Methods: Between 2009 and 2012 we conducted a cross sectional survey with 3 887 children from Prague and 592 from the Usti Region, age 8-12 years old, from 51 primary schools. The survey was part of a school based smoking prevention program at participating schools. Results: Among children, 23.3% reported some experience with smoking. Smoking experience was higher among boys, and children with family members who smoked. Cigarettes were the most common form of smoking (about 17 % of all respondents), followed by water-pipe (prevalence in Prague was 7.4% and 4.9% in Usti Region (p = 0.030)). Less than 1% of all children reported experience with marijuana. Relatives were the most commonly named source of cigarettes for first smoking experience (43.1%). Among children that reported smoking at least once a month, relatives were the most common source of cigarettes (32.5%), and 15.5% reported purchasing their own cigarettes. More than one third of children reported that no one had talked to them about smoking yet. Among all children 59.0% could name one or more cigarette brands. The most well-known...

Backrounds: This thesis deals with the research of tobacco dependence in pregnant and breast-feeding mothers. One hundred pregnant or maternity leave women smokers or former smokers participated in the research. The quantitative data were obtained using online questionnaire. The study is completely anonymous. Objectives: The main objective of this research is to determine whether pregnancy significantly motivates women to stop smoking cigarettes because of the health of their child and whether the motive to gieve up smoking in financial terms. The secondary objective of the study was to find out how the gynecologist will react when he finds that his female patient - smoker is pregnant. Methods: The data were obtained using an anonymous online questionnaire. Data has been processed using quantitative analytical and statistical methods while keeping ethical principles. Results: 100 women participated the study. Women aged 20-25 years old have appeared most frequently (total 30|%) in the research sample. Almost half (46%) of surveyed women started smoking at the age of 17-18 years. Two women reported that smoking since twelve years. 38% women were pregnant at the time of research. Almost a third (32%) patients have not been asked, whether they are smoking. Of the remaining 68% women, who have been...

Tobacco dependence and psychiatric comorbidity Introduction: Because the smoking is a societal problem and the prevalence of smoking of psychiatric patients is 2 to 3 times higher than in the general population, the purpose of the bachelor thesis was to map these issues for patients in a psychiatric hospital in Havlíčkův Brod. Objectives: There were four objectives defined in the thesis: to determine the prevalence of smoking , to find the most common diagnoses for patients-smokers and to chart the aspects associated with smoking including health personnel attitudes, to assess their knowledge about smoking cessation possibilities and to offer basic advice and information material about smoking cessation to the patients. Methods: The data source was the records of patients hospitalized in the psychiatric hospital Havlíčkův Brod till the 3rd of February 2014. Actual research was carried out on patients with a diagnosis of F 10 and F 20 in the period from 3rd of February to 15th of June 2014. The research sample of the predominantly quantitative research included 200 patients with diagnoses F 10 and F 20 and 55 physicians working with psychiatric ill patients-smokers. Data were collected by questionnaire survey and doctors were contacted by an internal e-mail. Results: Compared to the general...

This bachelor thesis deals with eating habits of ex-smokers. I observe and analyze their eating habits and changes by qualitative methods. The theoretical part discusses tobacco, nicotine effects on the organism and on eating habits and weight. I describe health consequences of unhealthy eating habits combined with smoking. The text discusses general nutrition recommendations and recommendations specifically for smokers. A separate chapter is dedicated to addiction, its nature, genesis, forms, and manifestations, and in more detail to nicotine addiction. The practical part describes the respondents' dietary regimens and results of the comparison of eating habits while smoking and while being abstinent.

Background: Cigarette package is important for consumers and the tobacco industry. It is important part of the overall marketing strategy as well. There is a lot of evidence showing a causal relationship between tobacco marketing and smoking rate. Health warnings on packages are direct and important means of communication with smokers therefor the introduction of legislative measures in the field of tobacco control is needed. Objectives: Main objectives are to complete a current overview of the results of research studies dealing with the approaching of different countries of the world in influencing smokers through packaging and to see what impacts on smokers have legislative measures relating to plain packages and picture warnings. Through this work I would like to prove the introduction of legislative measures promoting health picture warnings and plain packaging appear to be effective. Methods: The research group consists of published scientific articles searched in the English language identified through electronic databases PubMed and subsequently analyzed. Data collection was conducted in the period from April to July 2014, relevant articles available were included. A total of 30 original articles met inclusion criteria, including 25 quantitative studies, 3 qualitative studies, 1 study with...

The main goal of this work was to investigate behavior and attitude of Czech smokers towards e-cigarettes, smokeless tobacco and reduction of number of cigarettes by means of questionnaire inquiry. These Harm Reduction methods are favorable for smokers who at present are not able or willing to quit smoking as prevalence of smoking and mortality resulting from diseases connected to smoking are high. Theoretical part concerns basic notions and terminology of tobacco, epidemiology of tobacco usage, legislative measures and above all the less risky alternatives of tobacco usage together with their most current research. Practical part firstly describes methods of data collection and analysis coming from quantitative research based on questionnaires as well as results of the analysis. Target group were smokers aged 15 and more, living in the area of Czech Republic. Total amount of respondents was 302. Data were collected through internet portal vyplnto.cz as and personally by questioning random people and firms in Prague and then processed through statistical program R and Microsoft Excel. Methods are those of descriptive statistics. The first part of results introduces prevalence data which are almost identical to those of Český zdravotní ústav (2012). Then several pairs of variables were chosen and...

According to a research report made by National Institute of Health in 2012, in the Czech Republic can be over 24 % of the population classified as regular smokers who smokes more than one cigarette a day. There is no doubt that smoking ranks among current societal problems that threatens the health of about two and a half million people in the Czech Republic.For this reason, in this thesis I concerned myself with subject of treatment of tobacco dependence and I'm trying to determine the level of knowledge about treatment options among the smokers in the Kolín area and if they are interested in treatment. This thesis is divided in two parts - theoretical and practical. Goal of the theoretical part is to describe methods of diagnosis of tobacco addiction and treatment options. The first chapter of this thesis describes and explains what is nicotine, tobacco with its brief history and the concept of passive smoking. The second chapter deals with what is addiction to tobacco, describes the principle and neurobiology. The third chapter deals with the different ways to diagnose tobacco dependence and the last, the fourth chapter of the theoretical part provides information about treatment options. Practical work aimed to investigate awareness about treatment options for tobacco dependence among smokers...

Background: Most smokers would like to get rid of their addiction, but have not sufficient knowledge about treatment options. According to research in 2011 in the Czech Republic, there are 29.1% of smokers and about than 60% of them considered quitting smoking. Objective: To investigate awareness of teatment options of tobacco dependence. Methods: The theoretical part of this work focuses on the history of tobacco use, depending on the diagnosis, the most common health consequences of smoking and tobacco dependence treatment options. To obtain information about the awareness of smokers (N = 100) of treatment options have been used quantitative research in the form of anonymous semi-structured interview with 9 questions with one or more answers. The interview was intended only for smokers. It was not a representative sample. Results: Only a small proportion of smokers (8%) would seek professional helpwith smoking cessation. Awareness of the Centers for Toabcco-Dependent was low (25%). Smokers have information about a possible pharmacological treatment (27%) most frequently reported nicotine replacement therapy (73%). The greatest source of information about treatment options was television (68%), doctor or pharmacist at least (8% 4% respectively). Discussion: In the future it would be appropriate to extend...

(teze): Úvod: Léčba závislosti na tabáku bývá často doprovázena nárůstem tělesné hmotnosti. Přesné příčiny tohoto jevu nejsou zcela známé, zásadní význam má zřejmě zvýšení příjmu energie a ztráta akutních účinků nikotinu na organismus léčených osob. Metody: Shromáždili jsme data týkající se vlivu léčby závislosti na tabáku na příjem energie a tělesnou hmotnost u 40 pacientů ve 2 pražských Centrech pro závislé na tabáku. Data byla získaná prostřednictvím dotazníkového šetření. Provedli jsme také podrobné monitorování průběhu léčby závislosti s důrazem na příjem energie a hmotnost u 1 vybraného pacienta. Výsledky: Zvýšení tělesné hmotnosti po zahájení léčby závislosti na tabáku se objevilo u 77 % sledovaných osob. Zjištěný nárůst hmotnosti byl ve většině případů v rozmezí 2,5 až 7 kg. Při porovnávání příjmu energie po zahájení léčby závislosti s příjmem energie před zahájením léčby se u 50 % osob příjem energie po zahájení léčby zvýšil a u 45 % osob zůstal stejný (u 5 % došlo ke snížení příjmu energie). Příčinou zvýšení příjmu energie u některých pacientů mohl být větší pocit hladu a chuti k jídlu (zjištěno u 53 % všech osob), zvýšení chuti na sladké (uvedlo 43 % osob), řešení chuti na cigaretu konzumací jídla (zjištěno u 33 % osob), konzumace jídla z důvodu potřeby zaměstnat ruce a ústa (u 21 %...