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Power quality becomes one of the significant contemplations in the power system. It has become significant particularly with the presentation of advanced devices. These high-level advanced devices are sensitive to the nature of the power supply. The power quality refers to the voltage, current, and frequency at the evaluated value. If any variation occurred in these quantities the standard rating is considered as the power quality problem. The power quality issues like loss of sine, voltage sag, voltage swell, short interruption, long interruption, flicker, and harmonics. To overcome these power quality issues, we like to utilize custom power devices on the distribution side. Among various custom power devices, Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator is liked to use for expanding the power quality, on account of their basic power supply at the circulation power system which can’t be interfered with development and less complexity. This paper presents the near research of single-phase with and without D-STATCOM by utilizing MATLAB Simulink programming.

Herein, we report the first catalytic methylation of primary amides using CO 2 as a C1 source. A bicyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (BICAAC) exhibits dual role by activating both primary amide and CO 2 to carry out this catalytic transformation which enables the formation of a new C-N bond in the presence of pinacolborane. This protocol was applicable to a wide range of substrate scopes, including aromatic, heteroaromatic, and aliphatic amides. We successfully used this procedure in the diversification of drug and bioactive molecules. Moreover, this method was explored for isotope labelling using 13 CO 2 for a few biologically important molecules. A detailed study of the mechanism was carried out with the help of spectroscopic studies and DFT calculations., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

In recent years, the applications of low-valent main group compounds have gained momentum in the field of catalysis. Owing to the accessibility of two lone pairs of electrons, NHC-stabilised phosphinidenes have been found to be excellent Lewis bases; however, they cannot yet be used as catalysts. Herein, an NHC-stabilised phosphinidene, 1,3-dimethyl-2-(phenylphosphanylidene)-2,3-dihydro-1H imidazole (1), for the activation of CO 2 is reported.A closer inspection of the CO 2 activation process by DFT calculations along with intrinsic bond orbital analysis shows that phosphinidene is associated with phenylsilane through a noncovalent π-π interaction between two phenyl rings which activates the Si-H bond facilitating hydride transfer to the CO 2 molecule. Detailed DFT studies along with spectroscopic experiments were combined to understand the mechanism of CO 2 activation and its catalytic reductive functionalisation leading to the formylation of a range of chemically inert primary amides under mild reaction conditions., (© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

A series of boron-containing lipids were prepared by reactions of cyclic oxonium derivatives of polyhedron boranes and metallacarboranes (closo-dodecaborate anion, cobalt and iron bis(dicarbollides)) with amine and carboxylic acids which are derived from cholesterol. Stable liposomal formulations, on the basis of synthesized boron-containing lipids, hydrogenated soybean l-α-phosphatidylcholine and (HSPC) 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (DSPE-PEG) as excipients, were prepared and then characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) that revealed the formation of particles to be smaller than 200 nm in diameter. The resulting liposomal formulations showed moderate to excellent loading and entrapment efficiency, thus justifying the design of the compounds to fit in the lipid bilayer and ensuring ease of in vivo use for future application. The liposomal formulations based on cobalt and iron bis(dicarbollide)-based lipids were found to be nontoxic against both human breast normal epithelial cells MCF-10A and human breast cancer cells MCF-7., (© 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Over exploitation of natural resources and human activities are relentlessly fueling the emission of CO 2 in the atmosphere. Accordingly, continuous efforts are required to find solutions to address the issue of excessive CO 2 emission and its potential effects on climate change. It is imperative that the world looks towards a portfolio of carbon mitigation solutions, rather than a single strategy. In this regard, the use of CO 2 as a C1 source is an attractive strategy as CO 2 has the potential to be a great asset for the industrial sector and consumers across the globe. In particular, the reduction of CO 2 offers an alternative to fossil fuels for various organic industrial feedstocks and fuels. Consequently, efficient and scalable approaches for the reduction of CO 2 to products such as methane and methanol can generate value from its emissions. Accordingly, in recent years, metal-free catalysis has emerged as a sustainable approach because of the mild reaction conditions by which CO 2 can be reduced to various value-added products. The metal-free catalytic reduction of CO 2 offers the development of chemical processes with low cost, earth-abundant, non-toxic reagents, and low carbon-footprint. Thus, this perspective aims to present the developments in both the reduction and reductive functionalization chemistry of CO 2 during the last decade using various metal-free catalysts., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

An abnormal N-heterocyclic carbene (aNHC) based potassium complex was used as a transition metal-free catalyst for reduction of primary amides to corresponding primary amines under ambient conditions. Only 2 mol% loading of the catalyst exhibits a broad substrate scope including aromatic, aliphatic and heterocyclic primary amides with excellent functional group tolerance. This method was applicable for reduction of chiral amides and utilized for the synthesis of pharmaceutically valuable precursors on a gram scale. During mechanistic investigation, several intermediates were isolated and characterized through spectroscopic techniques and one of the catalytic intermediates was characterized through single-crystal XRD. A well-defined catalyst and isolable intermediate along with several stoichiometric experiments, in situ NMR experiments and the DFT study helped us to sketch the mechanistic pathway for this reduction process unravelling the dual role of the catalyst involving nucleophilic activation by aNHC along with Lewis acidic activation by K ions., Competing Interests: There is no conflict to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)