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Latar Belakang: Penyebab langsung masalah balita stunting adalah asupan gizi, salah satunya karena bayi mendapat ASI tidak eksklusif sampai 6 bulan. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian untuk mengukur besarnya efek pemberian ASI eksklusif terhadap pencegahan stunting melalui pendekatan meta-analisis. Metode: Penerapan metode meta-analisis dimulai dengan pencarian artikel penelitian dari berbagai database seperti Google Scholar, Science Direct, dan PubMed. Kata kunci yang digunaakan sesuai dengan Medical Subject Heading (MESH), yaitu "ASI eksklusif", "stunting", "bayi", "Menyusui eksklusif", "gangguan pertumbuhan linier", dan "balita stunting". Kriteria artikel adalah publikasi tahun 2013 hingga 2021, dapat didownload full text, desain penelitian cross-sectional atau case-control, tersedia data effect size dalam bentuk Odds Ratio (OR). Proses pengumpulan artikel disajikan dalam diagram PRISMA. Data dianalisis menggunakan aplikasi Review Manager 5.4.1 dengan menerapkan model random effect. Penyajian hasil dalam bentuk forest plot dan funnel plot. Diskusi: Artikel penelitian yang layak dianalisis sebanyak 26 artikel, terdiri dari 9 dari jurnal internasional dan 17 dari jurnal nasional. Hasil uji Heterogeneity menunjukkan p-value=0,00001 dan nilai I2 = 85%. Hasil analisis dengan model random effect diperoleh forest plot yang menunjukkan odd ratio gabungan (pooled odd ratio) sebesar 2,90 (95% CI: 2,07-4,08), artinya bayi yang tidak mendapat ASI eksklusif berisiko 2,9 kali lebih tinggi untuk mengalami stunting dibandingkan dengan bayi yang mendapat ASI eksklusif. Temuan ini menunjukkan adanya pengaruh signifikan dari pemberian ASI tidak eksklusif terhadap kejadian stunting (p-value 0,0001 < 0,05). Kesimpulan: Pemberian ASI eksklusif efektif dapat mencegah balita mengalami stunting.

Abstract Background The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a new invasive pest in Indonesia causing financial losses. S. frugiperda larvae hide in the leaf midrib all day. To overcome the hidden larvae, pathogenic endophytic fungi are needed. The objective of this research was to molecularly identify the endophytic fungal species from South Sumatra and determine the most pathogenic species against S. frugiperda larvae. Endophytic fungal identification was based on morphological and molecular characteristics. The molecular identification was based on gene sequential analysis of Intergenic Transcribed Spacer (ITS) 1 and ITS 4. Bioassay of the endophytic fungal species was treated against the 2nd larval instar of S. frugiperda. Result The results of molecular identification revealed endophytic fungal species consisted of Chaetomium sp. (GaTpeOi, JgTjPr, PiCrPga, and CaCjPga isolates), Aspergillus niger (L.) Van Tieghem (PsgTjPr, JgByU, and JaBuBys), Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (JgSPK, JaGiP, JaSpkPGA(2), JgCrJr, and JaTpOi (1) isolates), Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boed. (JaGiPRB, CMTJP, JaMsBys, JaSpkPga(3), and JgTgSr isolates), Aspergillus flavus Link. (JgPWSR isolate), Penicillium citrinum Thom F 1539 (JaTpOi(2) isolate), and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorokin (CaTpPGA isolate). All fungal isolates were deposited in the GenBank. The endophytic fungal species of B. bassiana (JgSPK isolate) caused up to (22.67%) mortality, C. lunata (JaSpkPga(3) isolate) caused (17.33%) mortality, and M. anisopliae (CaTpPga isolate) caused (8%) mortality of the pest’s larvae. First report of B. bassiana and C. lunata isolated from maize (Zea mays L.), while M. anisopliae was isolated from red chili (Capsicum annuum L.) as entomopathogenic endophytic fungi against S. frugiperda larvae in Indonesia. Conclusion The endophytic fungi species of B. bassiana, C. lunata, and M. anisopliae had potentials as entomopathogens of S. frugiperda.

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In this era, celebrities are shaped and disseminated by the media. Media generates celebrities. When someone become the most popular person in the news then he/she would instantly become a celebrity. One of the figures that always make an interesting spectacle is Jokowi. As a presidential candidate of PDI Perjuangan, Jokowi have all aspects to be an interesting spectacle because of his construction of self-image that is different from the self-image of other president in Indonesia. As a media darling, Jokowi makes a Jokowi Spectacle. It becomes much more interesting when Jokowi Spectacle is compared with its successor, Obama Spectacle.