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Introduction: Extreme heat is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, and the incidence of acute heat illness (AHI) will likely increase secondary to anthropogenic climate change. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of AHI are critical; however, relevant diagnostic and surveillance tools have received little attention. In this exploratory cross-sectional and diagnostic accuracy study, we evaluated three tools for use in the prehospital setting: 1) case definitions; 2) portable loggers to measure on-scene heat exposure; and 3) prevalence data for potential AHI risk factors.Methods: We enrolled 480 patients who presented to emergency medical services with chief complaints consistent with AHI in Ahmedabad, India, from April–June 2016 in a cross-sectional study. We evaluated AHI case definition test characteristics in reference to trained prehospital provider impressions, compared on-scene heat index measured by portable loggers to weather station measurements, and identified AHI behavioral and environmental risk factors using logistic regression.Results: The case definition for heat exhaustion was 23.8% (12.1-39.5%) sensitive and 93.6% (90.9-95.7%) specific. The positive and negative predictive values were 33.5% (20.8-49.0%) and 90.1% (88.5-91.5%), respectively. Mean scene heat index was 6.7°C higher than the mean station heat index (P < 0.001), and station data systematically underestimated heat exposure, particularly for AHI cases. Heat exhaustion cases were associated with on-scene heat index ≥ 49°C (odds ratio [OR] 2.66 [1.13–6.25], P = 0.025) and a history of recent exertion (OR 3.66 [1.30–10.29], P = 0.014), while on-scene air conditioning was protective (OR 0.29 [0.10–0.85], P = 0.024).Conclusion: Systematic collection of prehospital data including recent activity history and presence of air conditioning can facilitate early AHI detection, timely intervention, and surveillance. Scene temperature data can be reliably collected and improve heat exposure and AHI risk assessment. Such data may be important elements of surveillance, clinical practice, and climate change adaptation.

This paper describes a filleting machine designed for the popular Asian freshwater species rohu (Labeo rohita). The machine comprises three key units: conveying, filleting, and water spraying and collection. The filleting unit has two parallel disc blades for precise cutting, with adjustable spacing to accommodate a variety of fish backbone thicknesses. The conveying unit employs belt drives and spring-adjusted entry for smooth transport, while the water management unit sprays and cleans the filleting blades, ensuring efficient fish movement. The machine performed efficiently when set to its optimal settings and showed significant improvements compared to manual filleting while maintaining product quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A medical emergency is an acute, unanticipated medical reaction or complication that threatens the patient's life or health and necessitates rapid attention or intervention. Since these emergencies can be life-threatening, the dentist's readiness is critical to avoid morbidity, mortality, and legal complications. Therefore, this study aims to assess dental students' and practitioners' knowledge, attitude, and practice in managing medical emergencies in India. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a private dental institute among 420 participants (318 males and 102 females) using a customized questionnaire consisting of sixteen questions - one open-ended and fifteen closed-ended. The data obtained was analysed using Chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Mann –Whitney U test, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient test. Out of the 420 respondents, 416 (99.05 %) respondents believed that it is essential to obtain patients' vital signs (blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, temperature) before starting any treatment. However, 345 (82.14 %) respondents had not taken any course in managing medical emergencies and only 196 (46.67 %) respondents were confident in handling a medical emergency. There was a statistically significant association (P < 0.05) between the various qualifications and responses for the majority of the questions. There is a general lack of knowledge among all the respondents and a lack of positive attitude among undergraduates in dealing with medical emergencies. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Epidural anesthesia is commonly used for providing both postoperative analgesia in infra umbilical surgeries. An adjuvant increases the effectiveness of the local anesthetic drug by prolonging its action and also causes decreased doses of the local anesthetic agent. Aims: The sight and focus of our study are to juxtapose the effect of clonidine and tramadol as an additive to epidural ropivacaine for postoperative analgesia. Materials and Methods: A randomized, concurrent cohort, prospective study was performed on 60 patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists [ASA] Grade I and ASA Grade II) of either gender, those who were planned for chosen elective infraumbilical surgery under combined spinal epidural anesthesia, and divided into two groups. The patients in Group I were administered 15 mL 0.5% ropivacaine + clonidine (2 µg/kg), whereas Group II patients received 15 mL 0.5% ropivacaine + tramadol (2 mg/kg). Postanesthesia vitals, the duration for motor and sensory effects, i.e., block, adverse effects, and time to rescue analgesia, was recorded. Results: A significant decrease in the heart rate was observed in clonidine group patients compared with tramadol group patients after spinal anesthesia. The duration of motor and sensory block in the tramadol group was significantly longer. Time to rescue analgesia was also prolonged significantly in the tramadol group. The incidence of adverse effects was comparable in the two groups. Conclusion: Tramadol, as an additive to epidural ropivacaine, was found to have a better motor and sensory block, prolonged postoperative analgesia, and minimal adverse side effects. A significantly decreased demand for rescue analgesics was seen compared to clonidine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During COVID-19 pandemic, fulminant deep fungal infection started emerging in India, known as Mucormycosis. This type of mucormycosis was termed as COVID-19 associated mucormycosis (CAM). These patients had previous history of COVID-19 infection. Such cases were mainly reported in immunocompromised patients such as patients with poorly controlled diabetes and chronic renal diseases etc. Rhinomaxillary mucormycosis is an aggressive, fulminant, fatal deep fungal infection of head and neck region. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment can reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with the disease; hence we present case series of rhinomaxillary mucormycosis to create awareness amongst dental surgeons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper introduces the principles of literary criticism, the qualities of an ideal critic, limitations of criticism, criticism during the Pre-Platonic Age, Plato's views on the abuse of Poetry and Drama, Aristotle's concept of the frame-work of universe, work, artist, and audience, Aristotle's views on Poetry and Aristotle's views on Comedy and the limitations of Aristotle's criticism. It also traces the beginning of the English literary criticism, provides the reader the 'Argument' of Stephen Gosson's The School of Abuse and Sir Philip Sidney's An Apologie for Poetrie, presents a critique on the views of Plato, Aristotle, Stephen Gosson, Sir Philip Sidney in the light of the enlightenment provided by T. S. Eliot and I. A. Richards on the art of Poetry and concludes by admonishing the readers to realize the need to cultivate the right attitude to criticism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low intensity indoor lightings are often wasted and unutilized, when they could be harvested to produce electrical energy. Unfortunately there is currently no solar cells which could harvest low light intensity efficiently. Therefore, this work reports the synthesis of energy transfer redox couples (ETRCs) that aid in the harvesting of low light intensity for photoelectrochemical cells. Such ETRCs are excellent choices as electrolytes in solid-state photoelectrochemical cells owing to their multifunctional attributes like faster dye regeneration, more efficient light absorption and faster energy transfer kinetics. Electrochemical characterizations reveal that Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) is occurring between ERTC electrolyte (donor) and the N719 dye (acceptor). Photovoltaic efficiency of the reported device is 28% higher than the conventional silicon solar cells, tested under low light intensity. Additionally, the idiosyncratic design of this device makes it versatile to be used in indoor conditions or can be mounted at a wide range of incidence angle with an ability to retain a high efficiency of 21.08%. Superior ionic-conductivity imparted by the single-component electrolyte provides a platform for future directions in energy harvesting and storage. Image 1 • New organic-ionic redox couple based DSSCs with a unique property to harness low intensity indoor lights. • Single component organic ionic conductor owns dual nature; one as a redox mediator and other as a light harvester. • ETRC-1 based DSSC exhibited highest efficiency of 21.0% under low-light intensity owing to FRET mechanism. • FRET mechanism reported for the first time between electrolyte/photosensitizer without any secondary additive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]