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Background: The aim of this pilot study was the evaluation of primary, idiopathic mucosal dryness (xerostomia or dry mouth) in subjects without cancer., Methods: A group of non-diabetic subjects and a group of diabetics were managed with standard management (SM) or with SM+Pycnogenol® (150 mg/day) for 2 weeks., Results: In total, 48 subjects were included in the study; 24 diabetics and 24 non-diabetics. 12 diabetics and 12 non-diabetics took Pycnogenol® and 12 diabetics and 12 non-diabetics were followed up with standard management only and served as controls. No side effects and no tolerability problems were observed with Pycnogenol®. The registry groups were comparable for characteristics and symptoms at baseline. All otherwise healthy subjects had a BMI<26 kg/m2. In 2 weeks, salivary flow and oxidative stress improved significantly in both groups of subjects (non-diabetics and diabetics) with 150 mg/day Pycnogenol® (P<0.05), while minimal improvements in salivary flow were seen with SM. The subjective score and the number of mucosal breaks and ulcerations, all minimal (<1 mm in length or diameter), were significantly decreased with Pycnogenol® supplementation (P<0.05) with minimal variations in the SM controls. Finally, the mean lysozyme level in parotid saliva samples was significantly increased in the Pycnogenol® group (P<0.05) both in diabetics and non-diabetics., Conclusions: Based on these preliminary results, Pycnogenol® could be a new, valid option for the treatment of xerostomia.

Aim: The simplification of the management of asthma in the different clinical phases of this common chronic inflammatory disorder is the main goal of therapy. Pycnogenol®, a standardized extract of French maritime pine bark, inhibits expression of 5-lipoxygenase and consequently decreases leukotriene levels in asthmatic patients. Pycnogenol® anti-inflammatory activities may be supportive when taken in addition to inhalation corticosteroid (ICS), putatively allowing for a reduction in dosage and frequency of ICS administration., Methods: This study evaluated the efficacy of Pycnogenol® during a period of six months for improving allergic (mite in house dust) asthma management in patients with stable, controlled conditions. Pycnogenol® was used at a daily dosage of 100 mg, distributed as 50 mg in the morning at 9 am and again in the evening at 9 pm). An individual patient's asthma condition was graded in five steps based on the daily dosage of inhaled fluticasone propionate with step 1 indicating 0 µg and step 5 the maximum dose of 500 µg ICS twice daily., Results: A total 76 patients were enrolled for this study. The group taking Pycnogenol® in addition to ICS and the group taking only ICS were comparable for age, gender and clinical characteristics including FEV1. The analysis of therapeutic ranking steps showed that 55% of patients taking Pycnogenol® improved as judged by passing to a lower ICS dose step. In comparison, only 6% of patients depending exclusively on ICS progressed to a lower (ICS dose) therapeutic step. No deterioration (passage to a higher ICS therapeutic step) was observed in the Pycnogenol® group, whereas in 18.8% of patients depending exclusively on corticosteroids a deterioration requiring a higher dosage step was observed. The passage to different therapeutic steps was statistical significant between groups (P<0.05). Drop-outs were associated entirely to irregularities in follow-up and not due to medical reasons. No serious adverse events were observed in both groups and tolerability of Pycnogenol® was very good. The levels of asthma control in the 6 interventional months as compared to the same period in the previous year were compared. In the Pycnogenol® group, night-awakenings were less frequent, the number of days with PEF<80% were decreased, days with asthma score >1 were lower, requirement for salbutamol and additional asthma medication less frequent, and consultation of general practitioner and specialist required less commonly. All these parameters were statistical significantly improved in Pycnogenol® + ICS group versus the ICS control group where no considerable changes were observed. Various common signs and symptoms were evaluated by visual analog scale, (dry) cough, severity of chest symptoms, wheezing, dyspnea and daytime symptoms. In the ICS-only group values did not improve while they did improve significantly in the ICS + Pycnogenol® group (P<0.05 vs. ICS only group). A decrease by 15.2% of the specific IgE titer was found in the Pycnogenol® + ICS group, whereas the titer increased by 13.4% in the ICS-only group, while IgG1 and IgG4 remained unchanged in both groups., Conclusion: Pycnogenol® administration was effective for better control of signs and symptoms of allergic asthma and reduced the need for medication.

Background: The natural history of respiratory allergy is commonly characterized by a worsening of symptom severity, frequent comorbidity of rhinitis and asthma, and polysensitization to aeroallergens. The polysensitization phenomenon starts since childhood and is rare to find monosensitized adult patients. However, there are few studies investigating the characteristics of polysensitized patients., Methods: This study was performed on a large cohort of patients with allergic rhinitis (assessed by ARIA criteria) and/or mild to moderate asthma (assessed by GINA). The kind and the number of sensitizations, their patterns, and the relation with quality of life (QoL) measured by the Juniper's RQLQ guestionnaire, were evaluated., Results: Globally 418 patients (50.2% males, 49.8% females, mean age 26.4 years, range 3.5-65 years, 64 smokers, 371 non-smokers) were enrolled: 220 had allergic rhinitis alone, and 198 allergic rhinitis and asthma. The mean number ofsensitizations was 2.6. Three hundred-five patients (73%) had persistent rhinitis (PER), 220 of them with moderate-severe form. There was no significant derence in rate of rhinitis and asthma in monosensitized or polysensitized patients. Most patients were sensitized to pollens, whereas only 24.2% of them were sensitized to perennial allergens. Polysensitization was significantly associated with some issues of QoL, confirming previous findings, but not with number ofsensitizations., Conclusions: This study provides data confirming for poly-sensitized patients the relevance of ARIA classification of AR. PER is the most common form of AR in this cohort, symptoms are frequently moderate-severe, and asthma is present in about the half of patients with AR.