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In June 2022, the Norwegian Expert Commission on Learning Analytics delivered an interim report to the Norwegian Minister of Education and Research. Motivated by the need to establish a solid foundation upon which to regulate and promote the use of learning analytics in the Norwegian educational sector, the Ministry asked the Expert Commission to investigate the relevant pedagogical, ethical, legal, and privacy issues. Addressing primary, secondary, higher, and vocational education, the interim report surveys the field of learning analytics and the regulatory environment across the contexts and analyzes its challenges and opportunities for Norwegian education. Four dilemmas -- data, learning, governance, and competence -- signal where greater knowledge, awareness, and reflection are needed, as well as the nature of necessary policy and regulatory choices. In this practical report, we offer insights on the use, development, and regulation of LA in different countries, describe the Expert Commission mandate, work method, and dilemmas, and conclude with a reflection on the relationship between research on learning analytics and the challenges that arise when implementing learning analytics in practice. This practical report is relevant for those interested in developing policies or practices surrounding the use of learning analytics at the local or national level.

A detailed, unbiased perspective of the inter-relations among medical fields could help students make informed decisions on their future career plans. Using a data-driven approach, the inter-relations among different medical fields were decomposed and clustered based on the similarity of their working environments. Publicly available, aggregate databases were merged into a single rich dataset containing demographic, working environment and remuneration information for physicians across Canada. These data were collected from the Canadian Institute for Health Information, the Canadian Medical Association, and the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, primarily from 2018 to 2019. The merged dataset includes 25 unique medical specialties, each with 36 indicator variables. Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was used to group specialties into distinct clusters based on relatedness. The 25 medical specialties were decomposed into seven clusters (latent variables) that were chosen based on the Bayesian Information Criterion. The Kruskal-Wallis test identified eight indicator variables that significantly differed between the seven profiles. These variables included income, work settings and payment styles. Variables that did not significantly vary between profiles included demographics, professional satisfaction, and work-life balance satisfaction. The 25 analyzed medical specialties were grouped in an unsupervised manner into seven profiles via LPA. These profiles correspond to expected and meaningful groups of specialties that share a common theme and set of indicator variables (e.g. procedurally-focused, clinic-based practice). These profiles can help aspiring physicians narrow down and guide specialty choice.

This study delves into the impact of the 2008 Global Crisis on the competition between the wholesalers and unregistered firms in Eastern European and Central Asian countries. The survey data from the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance (BEEPSII and BEEPSIV) conducted by the World Bank in 2008 (crisis) and 2013 (post-crisis) were utilized. The survey covers 29 countries in the region. The results of the nonparametric tests show that significantly more wholesalers experienced competition against unregistered firms in 2008 when compared to 2013. While approximately half of the wholesalers experienced informal sector competition in 2008, in 2013, only around one-third of wholesalers experienced informal sector competition. This post-crisis decline is seen for both the five Central Asian economies (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Mongolia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan) that are examined and the other transition economies. When wholesalers are classified into different categories based on size, independence from a larger firm, type of firm (partnership, sole proprietorship, etc.), gender of the owner, gender of the top manager, experience of the top manager, and having an internationally recognized quality certification, it is observed that competition against unregistered firms declined in 2013 for all types of wholesalers except for partnerships and larger firms. The results show that, on a scale of 0 to 4 (0 being no informal sector competition and 4 being very severe informal sector competition), the mean severity of competition against unregistered firms was 1.52 in 2008 and 1.18 in 2013. However, this decline in the severity of informal sector competition post-crisis is not seen for the five Central Asian economies that are examined. Also, when different firm types are examined, limited partnerships and firms that are part of a larger firm did not experience a decline in informal sector competition. To find the determinants of competition between the wholesalers and unregistered or informal firms, binary logistic regressions were used. The results show that smaller firms without an internationally recognized certification are more susceptible to informal sector competition in the Central Asian economies, whereas larger, shareholding firms are more prone to informal sector competition in the other transition economies.

Abstract Background Previous studies of emotion recognition abilities of people with eating disorders used accuracy to identify performance deficits for these individuals. The current study examined eating disorder symptom severity as a function of emotion categorization abilities, using a visual cognition paradigm that offers insights into how emotional faces may be categorized, as opposed to just how well these faces are categorized. Methods Undergraduate students (N = 87, 50 women, 34 men, 3 non-binary) completed the Bubbles task and a standard emotion categorization task, as well as a set of questionnaires assessing their eating disorder symptomology and comorbid disorders. We examined the relationship between visual information use (assessed via Bubbles) and eating disorder symptomology (EDDS) while controlling for anxiety (STAI), depression (BDI-II), alexithymia (TAS), and emotion regulation difficulties (DERS-sf). Results Overall visual information use (i.e. how well participants used facial features important for accurate emotion categorization) was not significantly related to eating disorder symptoms, despite producing interpretable patterns for each emotion category. Emotion categorization accuracy was also not related to eating disorder symptoms. Conclusions Results from this study must be interpreted with caution, given the non-clinical sample. Future research may benefit from comparing visual information use in patients with an eating disorder and healthy controls, as well as employing designs focused on specific emotion categories, such as anger.

There is a scarcity of research into the relationship between speech perception and production from a multilingual perspective. The present exploratory study investigates longitudinally the acquisition of rhotic sounds in 24 adolescent learners who have the same language repertoires (English, German, Polish), with English being their L2, and German and Polish their L1 or L3. The design involved a forced-choice goodness task (for perception) and a delayed repetition task (for production) administered in both L2 and L3 at two testing times. The overall results show better performance in perception than production of L2/L3 rhotics at both testing points, although the relationship between the two domains was modulated by the L1 background and universal learnability of the target rhotics. A major effect of language proficiency was found, as overall a stronger link between the two modalities was found for the L2 than the L3 of the learner groups. However, detailed analyses demonstrate different types of perception-production link for individual learners over time.

Background: Despite recent improvements in melanoma survival rates, persistent inequalities pose barriers to care for some patients. Objective: To assess the influence of social determinants of health (SDoH) on melanoma treatment outcomes. Methods: A systematic review (Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42022346854) of manuscripts that examined the association between SDoH and melanoma treatment-related outcomes in the United States was conducted using 5 databases. Results: The analysis encompassed data from 12 retrospective manuscripts. The SDoH domains most frequently investigated were health care access and quality (n = 6 manuscripts, 50%) and economic stability (n = 7, 58.3%). Other domains included social and community context (n = 5, 41.7%) and education access (n = 3, 25%). These findings revealed significant correlations between poor melanoma survival and low levels of economic stability, limited education, government health insurance, and being uninsured and unmarried. Limitations: Many SDoH were not analyzed at the patient level. SDoH are vast categories, but manuscripts usually analyze one aspect of a particular category. Conclusions: These results highlight the need for physicians to recognize the substantial impact of SDoH on melanoma outcomes and to adopt more comprehensive strategies focused on patient-centered care. Integrating social support mechanisms into clinical practice emerges as a key mechanism to promote equitable and effective interventions.

This study investigates the transformation of competitive dynamics between formal sector retailers and their informal sector counterparts in Eastern European and Central Asian countries after the 2008-2009 global financial crisis. The absence of extensive government bailouts in these regions intensified the economic repercussions of the crisis. This study used data from the BEEPS II and BEEPS IV (i.e. Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey) surveys conducted by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the World Bank with a focus on informal competition in Eastern Europe and Central Asia based on data from owners or top-managers of companies working in this region. To investigate the impact of the global crisis on informal competition for retailers, survey results in 2008 ("crisis period") were compared with the data in 2013 ("post-crisis period"). Non-parametric tests, specifically the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon tests, were used to compare the 2008 and 2013 results. Binary logistic regressions were used to identify factors influencing the perception of competition from the informal sector (Pearson correlation coefficients and assessed Variance Inflation Factors to detect multicollinearity issues). Findings reveal a significant shift post-crisis shift with a reduced proportion of formal sector retailers competing with informal firms. Notably, this effect is statistically insignificant for retailers with sole proprietorships and partnerships and those with internationally recognized quality certifications. Moreover, research highlights a diminished perception of informal competitors as substantial hindrances to retailers' business operations post-crisis. However, this observation is not statistically significant for retail businesses structured as partnerships. Logistic regression indicates that smaller firms, firms led by a more experienced top manager, and firms with a female top manager are more prone to perceive competition from the informal sector. Furthermore, this study delves into the factors shaping retailers' perceptions across post-Soviet and other transition countries, revealing differences in the impact of firm size and female ownership. This nuanced investigation contributes depth to the current literature concerning the interconnections between formal and informal retail sectors. It offers a comparative analysis focusing on post-Soviet states and other transitioning nations in Eastern Europe and Central Asia.

The legacies of former partitions are still visible in today’s Poland in the economy, society and politics. Our article integrates the historical and geographical perspective into the study of electoral behaviour in Poland. We conduct a geographical description of electoral results in the 2023 parliamentary elections and determine how economic and cultural attributes related to different paths of development associated with the former partitions are reflected in the apparent spatial differences. We distinguish between direct and indirect influence. It is indirect when differences in economic development (e.g. changes in agrarian structures) or cultural transformations (e.g. secularisation) resulting from former policies are reflected in different electoral choices. The influence is direct if belonging to a former empire determines electoral behaviour regardless of the economic and cultural determinants of the vote. We found that the influence concerns primarily the former Russian and Austrian regions. The analysis is conducted at the county (powiat) level.

Abstract Introduction Breast cancer is a significant public health concern in Jordan. It is the most common cancer among Jordanian women. Despite its high incidence and advanced stage at time of diagnosis, the uptake of breast cancer screening in Jordan is low. This study aims to compare clinical outcomes of both screening and diagnostic mammogram among women in Jordan. Methods A retrospective cohort of 1005 women who underwent mammography in breast imaging unit in a tertiary hospital in Jordan. It aimed to investigate outcomes of screening and diagnostic mammography. recall rates, clinical manifestations and cancer rates were investigated. Results A total of 1005 participants were involved and divided into screening group (n = 634) and diagnostic group (n = 371). Women in the diagnostic group were more likely to be younger, premenopausal, smokers with higher BMI. Among the screening group, 22.3% were labeled with abnormal mammogram, 26% recalled for ultrasound, 46 patients underwent tissue biopsy and a total of 12 patients had a diagnosis of breast carcinoma. Among the diagnostic group, the most commonly reported symptoms were a feeling of breast mass, mastalgia and nipple discharge. Abnormal mammogram was reported in 50.4% of women, a complementary ultrasound was performed for 205 patients. A diagnostic Tru-cut biopsy for 144 patients and diagnostic excisional biopsy for 17 patients were performed. A total of 131 had a diagnosis of carcinoma. Conclusion With the high possibility of identifying a carcinoma in mammography among symptomatic women and low uptake of screening mammogram, efforts to increase awareness and improve access to screening services are crucial in reducing the burden of breast cancer in Jordan.

This study investigates sources of phonological cross-linguistic influence (CLI) at the initial stages of third language (L3) acquisition in light of the predictions of the second language (L2) Status Factor Model, the Typological Primacy Model, the Cumulative Enhancement Model, the Linguistic Proximity Model and the Scalpel Model. The productions of L3 rhotic sounds, /w/ and final obstruent devoicing, elicited in a delayed repetition task, were analysed auditorily in two groups of adolescent instructed learners with L1-German--L2-English--L3-Polish and L1-Polish--L2-English--L3-German language backgrounds. The results showed that dominant articulatory routines from the L1 play an important role in determining the source(s) of phonological CLI in the initial stages of L3 acquisition, at least in a learning constellation when L2 articulations have not been mastered yet in a consistently target-like manner. Based on loglinear and multiple correspondence analyses, the sources of phonological CLI were found in this study to vary feature-by-feature, thus giving some support to the Linguistic Proximity Model and the Scalpel Model. However, the high inter- and intra-individual variation that was found is so far not accounted for by any of the existing models.

"Dette temanummeret presenterer nye bidrag til et felt i kontinuerlig utvikling. Initiativet kommer fra det tverrfaglige forskningsmiljøet Faglig literacy i skole og lærerutdanning ved NTNU, som har studert literacy som vei til læring, og som inngang til ulike faglige fellesskaper (2016–2023). Redaktørene, Henning Fjørtoft, Randi Solheim, Torunn Klemp og Marte Blikstad-Balas, har alle hatt tilknytning til dette miljøet, og to av artikkelbidragene – med faglig spenn fra den første skriveopplæringa til digitale tekstpraksiser i lærerutdanninga – kommer herfra. Inviterte forskere utvider perspektivet ved å fokusere på hvilken rolle literacy spiller i barnehage og skole i dag. Ikke minst er digitaliseringen så gjennomgripende at den påvirker lesing og skriving på alle nivå, fra barnehage til høyere utdanning. Nye forståelser av literacy påvirker også relasjonelle aspekter av barn og unges hverdag, og i læreres profesjonsutøvelse. Dette blir spesielt synlig i fremveksten av nye tekstpraksiser." Les hele lederartikkelen til temanummeret her.

Adaptive Optics (AO) has emerged as a revolutionary technology in ophthalmology, offering an unprecedented view into the eye's microstructures with high-resolution imaging capabilities. Originally developed for astronomy, AO technology has been adapted to correct the eye’s optical aberrations, enabling the visualization of individual cellular structures such as photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium cells, and capillaries within the retinal vasculature. This review provides a comprehensive overview of AO, discussing its historical background, technical principles, and incorporation into existing systems. We explore its transformative impact on ophthalmic research and clinical practice, highlighting its role in enhancing our understanding of ocular physiology, disease progression, and response to therapies. The clinical applications of AO, including early disease detection and monitoring, are examined alongside the patient experience and economic considerations. Despite its potential, AO's widespread adoption is currently limited by factors such as high costs, technical complexity, and patient cooperation challenges. We discuss these barriers and the innovative solutions emerging to overcome them, including system simplification, expanded fields of view, and advanced image analysis techniques. The article concludes by reflecting on the promising future of AO, with its evolving role in disease management, surgical planning, and systemic disease monitoring. As AO technology continues to advance, it promises to reshape the landscape of ophthalmic care, offering deeper insights into eye health and more precise patient care.

PURPOSEBreast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer in Jordan. De-escalation in treatment reflects a paradigm shift in BC treatment. More tailored strategies and the adoption of a multidisciplinary approach are essential to apply recent changes in management. In the era of breast surgery fellowship, adopting well-structured training is essential to apply recent therapeutic guidelines and meet patients' expectations.METHODSA cross-sectional study using a customized, self-reported questionnaire was used. Data collection occurred anonymously using a link via WhatsApp in the period between February 2023 and April 2023.RESULTSA total of 89 surgeons were involved in this study, and only 14 (15.7%) completed a subspecialty in breast surgery. About 58.4% considered the age of 40 years as the starting point for screening, and 84.3% reported that mammogram screening is associated with improved BC survival. Only 10.1% and 28.1% acknowledged the applicability of both tomosynthesis and breast magnetic resonance imaging in screening, respectively. A significant difference in the mean knowledge score about BC is observed between general surgeon and those with subspecialty. Varying levels of awareness concerning different risk factors and their correlation with the likelihood of BC occurrence observed. Although 56.2% of participants could offer breast conserving surgery and consider it oncological safe, only 48.3% defined it correctly. Of the participants, 61.8% and 76.4% stated that sentinel lymph node biopsy can be safely applied in clinically negative or suspicious axillary nodes, respectively, with

Yousra Odeh,1 Mahmoud Al-Balas2 1Software Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Al Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, 11733, Jordan; 2Department of General Surgery, Anesthesia and Urology, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133 JordanCorrespondence: Yousra Odeh, Software Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Al Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, 11733, Jordan, Tel +9626-429151100962, Fax +9626- 4291432, Email y.odeh@zuj.edu.jo; yousraodeh.odeh@gmail.comPurpose: The complex nature of breast cancer demands flexible and adaptable principles that can account for the diverse characteristics and evolving conditions of each patient. However, there are no common breast cancer treatment agility principles that can influence policies and direct breast cancer professionals and healthcare providers into enhancing the delivery of health outcomes to patients under these conditions along with continuous rapid improvements in breast cancer treatment plan design. The incorporation of agile principles from software engineering offers a promising avenue for enhancing patient care. This research is conducted to identify breast cancer treatment agility principles adopted from the software engineering field and to validate their conformance to agility through work reported from literature in breast cancer treatment context.Material and Methods: The authors applied a structured research methodology that involved interviews for eliciting and validating twelve agility principles from oncologists. Discussion of each principle is reflected using work reported from literature as a form of validation. Finally, a domain expert reviewed the literature-driven validation for each of the twelve identified breast cancer treatment agile principle to finally validate their conformance to agility and provide results.Results: This work resulted twelve validated agility principles for breast cancer treatment and classified whether they are meeting, partially-(hybrid), or not meeting agility. Seven out of the twelve agile principles resulted as meeting agility, where the remaining five principles resulted as partially meeting agility. None of them is recorded as not meeting agility.Conclusion: The work contributes to forming an agile mindset that can empower breast cancer professionals to optimize treatment plans, enhance patient experiences, and continuously improve the quality of care. The twelve identified agile principles are anticipated to contribute to driving more efficient oncology practices, policies, and protocols. It is concluded that the breast cancer treatment agility principles are not limited to twelve.Keywords: agile breast cancer, breast cancer, breast cancer treatment, agile, oncology, agile software engineering, agile healthcare, agile principles, multidisciplinary research, healthcare policy

AbstractIn this study, a fragment-based drug design approach, particularly de novo drug design, was implemented utilising three different crystal structures in order to discover new privileged scaffolds against glyoxalase-I enzyme as anticancer agents. The fragments were evoluted to indicate potential inhibitors with high receptor affinities. The resulting compounds were served as a benchmark for choosing similar compounds from the ASINEX® database by applying different computational ligand-based drug design techniques. Afterwards, the selection of potential hits was further aided by various structure-based approaches. Then, 14 compounds were purchased, and tested in vitro against Glo-I enzyme. Of the tested 14 hits, the biological screening results showed humble activities where the percentage of Glo-I inhibition ranged from 0–18.70 %. Compound 19 and compound 28, whose percentage of inhibitions are 18.70 and 15.80%, respectively, can be considered as hits that need further optimisation in order to be converted into lead-like compounds.

This study explores the legal framework governing electronic commerce contracts within the context of Jordanian Law. It examines the concept, legal nature, and distinctive characteristics of electronic contracts which are essential for determining the legal validity of commercial transactions and contracts in the realm of e-commerce. This study also addresses the disparity between the consumer and the contractor in the performance of electronic contracts, focusing on how the contractors can protect and ensure that both parties uphold their contractual obligations. It further examines potential remedies for this legislative deficiency. There are legal deficiencies in certain aspects of regulating and ensuring the execution of contracts related to electronic commerce. This imbalance must be addressed through the statement of rules of evidence in accordance with the nature of electronic business contracts. The study was carried out in legal terms on the basis of Jordanian laws on this subject, in particular the Jordanian Electronic Transactions Law. The research problem centers on the legal provisions governing electronic contracts under Jordanian legislation and mechanisms for proving the existence of such contracts. This study adopts a descriptive and analytical approach, culminating in several key findings. Among the most significant is the recognition that electronic contracts can be formed without the physical presence of the parties, relying on telecommunication techniques, electronic writing, and digital signatures. This concludes with several recommendations, most notably the necessity for stronger legal protections in online contracting to safeguard against fraud by fictitious companies. Additionally, it highlights the need for a dedicated legal system to address disputes that arise from electronic contracts.

BackgroundBlack women are significantly more likely to experience severe maternal morbidity and are 3 times as likely to die from pregnancy-related causes compared to White women. Using a strengths-based wellness approach within an integrated supportive care program provided by a community doula could offer pragmatic solutions for Black maternal disparities. The Protective Assets Reinforced with Integrated Care and Technology (PARITY) program consists of a wellness technology platform, including informational links to wellness content and reinforcing motivational SMS text messages, as well as community-based doula support delivered both in person and through the technology platform to improve Black maternal wellness. ObjectiveThis pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) and mixed methods evaluation aims to (1) determine the feasibility and acceptability of the PARITY intervention; (2) investigate the preliminary efficacy of the PARITY intervention on clinical outcomes (maternal blood pressure, gestational weight gain, and cesarean birth); and (3) investigate changes to wellness behavioral outcomes (nutrition, physical activity, sleep, and health care adherence) and empowered strengths (self-efficacy, social support, motivation, resilience, problem-solving, and self-regulation) in the intervention group compared to a control group. MethodsA 2-arm RCT and mixed methods evaluation will be conducted. Overall, 60 Black pregnant individuals will be randomized in a ratio of 1:1 to either the intervention or informational control group. Participants in the intervention group will receive access to the technology platform over a 12-week period that ends before birth. Intervention participants will be assigned a doula interventionist, who will meet with them 4 times during the intervention. All participants (intervention and control) will receive a referral for a birth doula at no cost, printed materials about having a healthy pregnancy, and community resources. Feasibility and acceptability will be assessed at the end of the program. Measures will be obtained at baseline (20-28 weeks), the 36th week of pregnancy, birth, and 6-12 weeks post partum. Summary statistics and distribution plots will be used to describe measured variables at each time point. A generalized linear mixed model with a shared random component will be used to analyze the effects of PARITY on clinical, wellness behavioral, and empowered strength outcomes, including baseline nutrition, physical activity, and sleep measures as covariates. For significant effects, post hoc contrasts will be adjusted using the Holm method to maintain comparison-wise error at or

This research explores the mechanisms underlying the intuitive processing of semantic coherence, focusing on the effects of semantic and perceptual priming on semantic coherence detection. Two studies examined how these priming types influence individuals’ abilities to discern semantic incoherence. In Study 1, we used solutions to semantically coherent triads as primes, finding that such priming significantly improves participants’ accuracy and confidence in identifying incoherent elements within word tetrads. These results corroborate the hypothesis that intuitive judgments in linguistic tasks are closely tied to the processing fluency elicited by semantic connections. In Study 2, we show that perceptual priming does not significantly enhance accuracy, albeit it does increase the confidence with which individuals make their judgments. Distinct effects of semantic and perceptual priming on intuitive judgments highlight the complex interplay between processing fluency and affect in shaping intuitive judgments of semantic coherence. We discuss the nuanced roles of semantic and perceptual factors in influencing the accuracy and confidence of intuitive decisions.

I forbindelse med innføringen av nye læreplaner (LK20) for grunnskolen høsten 2020, ble oppmerksomheten på kritisk lesing og kritisk tenkning forsterket. I norskfaget understrekes i tillegg betydningen av kritisk refleksjon over teksters troverdighet og pålitelighet, og betydningen av kunne lese og forstå tekster i relasjon til kontekster. Med kritisk literacy som teoretisk utgangspunkt undersøker vi i denne artikkelen en gruppe norsklærerstudenters refleksjoner om tekst og tekstopplæring. Formålet med studien var å undersøke hvordan literacy ble konseptualisert av studentene og hvordan de tilrettela for arbeid med tekst i klasserommet i praksisperioden. Vi var interessert i å identifisere mulige sammenhenger mellom konseptualisering av literacy, arbeid med literacy i klasserommet og norskdidaktiske begrunnelser. Artikkelen bygger på observasjon av undervisning i norskfaget i lærerutdanningen og kvalitative intervju med 20 norsklærerstudenter etter en praksisperiode i skolen. Funnene viser at det er stor variasjon i hvilken betydning studentene legger i literacy, og hva de mener inngår i denne kompetansen. Vi finner imidlertid to hovedtendenser i materialet: En gruppe studenter oppfatter literacy som en bred kommunikativ kompetanse som omfatter forståelse, tolkning og produksjon av tekst, og de ser tekster som del av en sosial kontekst. De betrakter tekstkompetanse som en forutsetning for samfunnsdeltakelse, og kobler lese- og skriveopplæringen til elevenes muligheter for kunnskapstilegnelse og medborgerskap. En mindre gruppe studenter uttrykker en langt snevrere forståelse. For disse studentene er tekstkompetanse utelukkende basisferdigheter i lesing og skriving. Studien viser videre at studentene i begge gruppene i hovedsak legger opp til trening av basisferdigheter i lesing og skriving. Kun et lite mindretall av studentene legger til rette for tekstarbeid som fremmer kritisk literacy. Materialet viser at det kan være en sammenheng mellom studentenes oppfatning av literacy og hvordan arbeid med tekst foregår i klasserommet. I artikkelen drøftes mulige implikasjoner for arbeidet med tekst i lærerutdanningen.

Mohammad H Fetian, Qosay A Al-Balas Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, JordanCorrespondence: Qosay A Al-Balas, Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan, Tel +962 2 720 1000, Fax +962 2 720 1071, Email qabalas@just.edu.joBackground: Glyoxalase system detoxifies methylglyoxal and other ketoaldehydes to produce innocuous metabolites that allow the cells to function normally. Its inhibition in cancer cells causes these toxic metabolites to accumulate, and the cancer cells enter the apoptotic stage.Methods: The techniques of Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD) were used, and the compounds possessing a zinc-binding group from commercial databases were extracted, using the pharmacophore search protocol. These compounds were subjected to robust docking using the CDOCKER protocol within the Discovery Studio. Docking was performed on both Glo-I twin active sites. The biological activities of candidate hits were assessed using an in vitro assay against Glo-I.Results: Compounds containing zinc-binding groups were extracted from ASINEX® commercial database, which contains (91,001 compounds). This step has helped to retrieve 1809 ligands, which then were prepared and docked at the two active sites of Glo-I. The fourteen compounds, which have showed the highest scores in docking and returned acceptable Total Binding Energy values, were purchased and tested against the enzyme in vitro. Two compounds out of the fourteen, which were selected in the final step, possess tetrazole ring as zinc chelating moiety, and have showed moderate activity with an IC50 of 48.18μM for SYN 25285236 and 48.77 μM for SYN 22881895.Conclusion: Two hits with moderate activity are identified as the lead compounds against Glo-I. Both compounds possess a negatively ionized tetrazole ring as the zinc-binding moiety. These compounds will lead to the development of inhibitors with improved activities. Keywords: Glo-I, CDOCKER, zinc-binding group, tetrazole ring, structure-based drug design

In the context of rapid changes and a hyperdynamic external environment, the world economy and politics create new challenges and threats that actualise research on the effectiveness of public administration in the context of economic security through the prism of various legal fields. The purpose of the study is to present the author's vision of a methodological approach that will allow visualising the process of public administration in the context of ensuring a high level of economic security and evaluating its effectiveness, considering the legal aspect of the issue. The methodology involves using modern methods that combine and interact to achieve the goal. These include both general theoretical methods and specific ones: IDEF3 and the integral evaluation method. The approach to assessing the level of effectiveness of public administration in the system of ensuring economic security is defined. The importance of political and legal indicators is emphasised. The results of calculating the value of the integral indicator are presented, and the corresponding conclusions are drawn. The author's vision of the modern model of public administration implementation in the system of ensuring economic security with an emphasis on the protection of human rights is presented. All the key elements of the proposed model are identified through the presentation of detailed graphical diagrams for each of them. The innovativeness of the obtained results is in the proposed approach to assessing the level of effectiveness of public administration in the system of ensuring economic security, considering, to a greater extent, legal indicators. The study brings new views on assessing the effectiveness of public administration, especially in the context of ensuring economic security. The latest theoretical approaches and methodology are used, including integral assessment and political and legal indicators. The findings and recommendations obtained can be used by government agencies and political leaders to optimise management processes and increase their transparency and efficiency

Background: Acromegaly is a rare disorder caused by excessive growth hormone (GH) secreted from a pituitary tumor. High levels of GH and insulin growth factor-1 can lead to renal hypertrophy, as well as to diabetes mellitus and hypertension, which negatively impact kidney function. It is believed that high GH may also be involved in the onset of diabetic nephropathy, the main cause of end-stage kidney disease in developed countries. Material and methods: This case–control study was conducted on 23 acromegalic patients and on a control group represented by 21 healthy subjects. The following parameters were determined for all the subjects: serum creatinine, serum urea, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR), nephrin and kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1). Results: Patients with acromegaly showed higher levels of UACR and lower levels of eGFR as compared to healthy subjects. No significant correlations were found between clinical or biochemical parameters associated with acromegaly and nephrin or KIM-1. Conclusions: There was no glomerular or proximal tubular damage at the time of the study, as proven by the normal levels of the biomarkers nephrin and KIM-1. Studies including more patients with uncontrolled disease are needed to clarify the utility of nephrin and KIM-1 for the detection of early kidney involvement in acromegalic patients.