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WOS: 000402320900011, Lactic acid bacteria species naturally present in fish (Streptococcus spp., Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici and Enterococcus gallinarum) and formic acid were compared for production of fish silage, which are protein hydrolysates with immune stimulating properties. It is the first report for Enterococcus gallinarum to be used for producing fermented products. In this study, chemical and microbiological qualities of fish silage by acid or fermented methods were assessed after ripening of silages. It was observed that ripening was completed in maximum two weeks for all silage groups. Then, acid and fermented fish silage were spray dried and analysed for chemical and nutritional properties. As results of the study, these bacteria can be used as starter cultures in fermented products, especially for fish silage. In respect to essential/nonessential amino acid ratio (E/NE), the best groups among the spray-dried fish silages were prepared with formic acid, Lb. plantarum and Pd. acidilactici, respectively. Total antioxidant activity (TAO) of spray-dried fish silage was compared with ascorbic acid and TAO of spray-dried fish silages was found in range of 1.92-2.86 mg AA/g. The highest DPPH (diphenylpicrylhydrazyl) radical-scavenging ability of spray-dried fish silages was detected in AC group produced with Pediococcus acidilactici (20.26%) and GL group produced with Enterococcus gallinarum (16.95%), but there were no significant differences observed in other groups. According to the in-vitro gas production assessment, spray-dried fish silages generally had considerably high rate of digestibility. It was determined that the acid and fermented fish silage powders had high digestibility and valuable feed sources according to the results of the proximate analysis, amino acids compositions, total antioxidants, DPPH inhibition rates and in-vitro digestibility assessments., Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey [TUBITAK 213O166], This work was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (Project No: TUBITAK 213O166).

Waste or by-products contains a substantial amount of nutrients. Fish silage is an alternative way for assessment of fish discards and waste generated in the fish processing industries. The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential use of discard species (Equulites klunzingeri, marine fish and Carassius gibelio, freshwater fish) for fish silage and chemical quality of fish oil extracted from fish silages prepared with acid and fermented methods. Lipid quality of fish oils extracted from fish silages with LAB strains was evaluated in terms of thiobarbituric acid (TBA), peroxide value (PV), p-Anisidine (AV), totox values and fatty acid composition. The results showed that PV, TBA, AV and totox values of all extracted fish oils were within the acceptable limits for edible oils. Recovered fish oils from silage contained high level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), serving as a source of good quality fish oil for human consumption.

WOS: 000282763100014 The effects of rosemary extract on protein quality of sea bream fillets cooked with different methods and their changes during frozen storage were investigated. Cooking methods caused a significant decrease in Salt Soluble Protein (SSP) content. During frozen storage, a decrease in SSP content were inhibited by the addition of rosemary extract to sea bream fillets prior to cooking when compared to the controls. An increase in protein carbonyl content after cooking and frozen storage was found to be significant in all cooked samples. The highest formation of protein carbonyl content and the best protection effect of the rosemary extract against protein oxidation were found in fried samples during the frozen storage. Electrophoretic studies showed the dramatic changes in protein bands were observed in only fried samples stored without antioxidant and the rosemary extract inhibited disappearance or a gradual weakening of the protein bands from electrophoretic profiles during frozen storage. Technical Research Council of the Turkish Republic (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [TOVAG-1070896] This project was supported by Technical Research Council of the Turkish Republic (TUBITAK, Project no: TOVAG-1070896).

WOS: 000431969300009, The fermented fish silages produced with Streptococcus spp., Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici and Enterococcus gallinarum, and formic acid silages were compared for production of two discard fish silages (Equulites klunzingeri and Carassius gibelio). The E/NE ratio of spray-dried fish silages was determined in range of 0.80-1.10 for E.klunzingeri and 0.80-0.90 for C. gibelio silages. Pediococcus acidilactici and En. gallinarum groups had greater antioxidant activity than other silage groups. The DPPH radical scavenging ability was found as 6.14%-14.71% and 6.99%-13.36% for E.klunzingeri and C. gibelio silages, respectively. The OMD, ME and NEL values were determined in range of 69.74%-80.08%, 6.38-8.65 MJ/kg DM and 6.45-7.49 MJ/kg DM, respectively for spray-dried E.klunzingeri silages and 81.18%-86.62%, 8.97-9.61 MJ/kg DM and 7.61-8.08 MJ/kg DM, respectively, for spray-dried C. gibelio silages. According to the nutritional and chemical evaluation, spray-dried fish silages have great potential as a feed components because of high rate of digestibility and nutritious components., Cukurova University; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey [TOVAG-213O166], Cukurova University; The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, Grant/Award Number: TOVAG-213O166