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This study represents the first molecular and morphological work on spiders of Iraq. Specimens were collected from different localities in seven provinces during June 2018-July 2019 in different climate conditions. Using both molecular and morphological approaches, eight families representing 17 genera and nine species were identified. Eight genera: Cryptachaea Archer, 1946; Micaria Western, 1851; Ozyptila Simon, 1864; Paramicromerys Millot, 1946; Tegenaria Latreille, 1804; Trachyzelotes Lohmander, 1944; Uroctea Dufour, 1820 and Zelotes Gistel, 1848; and five species: Cryptachaea riparia (Blackwall, 1834); Tegenaria pagana C. L. Koch, 1840; Trachyzelotes jaxartensis (Kroneberg, 1875); Pardosa amentata (Clerck, 1757) and Oecobius putus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876 were first recorded for the Iraqi spider fauna. Identification keys for distinguishing families and genera based on the main characteristics were constructed. Molecular-identification was performed for specimens that were difficult to identify by morphological methods, and to confirm the results of the morphological identification. DNA was extracted from 28 spiders’ specimens; PCR-amplified the mtDNA fragment of 710bp of the Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I (COI) gene using the primers LCO 1490 Forward / HCO-700ME Reverse. The results of DNA sequences showed 16 samples successful in sequencing. Sixteen local sequenced specimens were submitted to GenBank and edited and combined with COI gene sequences that are associated in GenBank using the neighbor-joining method and the phylogenetic tree was drawn. Eight species of 16 genera belonging to eight families were confirmed by molecular barcoding. The DNA sequences and associated information about the specimens (collection and locality date) deposited in GenBank.

Ozyptila lugubris (Thorell, 1875) (figs. 29‒30) M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d. Donetsk Reg., 800 m SW Kryva Luka, bare chalk slope, 08.09.2019, 1 Ơ. D i s t r i b u t i o n. From Southern Ukraine (Deli, 2012) to Eastern Kazakhstan; south to the Caucasus and Turkey (Marusik & Mikhailov, 2021). Ukraine: Odesa Reg.: Lover Danube region (Deli, 2012 as O. lugubris); AR Crimea: Saki, Sevastopol, Simferopol, Sudak, Feodosiya, Yalta distr. (Kovblyuk & Kastrygina, 2015 as O. lugubris); Donetsk Reg. (first record). Note. First record from Left-Bank Ukraine., Published as part of Polchaninova, N., Gnelitsa, V., Terekhova, V. & Iosypchuk, A., 2021, New And Rare Spider Species (Arachnida, Araneae) From Ukraine, pp. 95-112 in Zoodiversity 55 (2) on page 106, DOI: 10.15407/zoo2021.02.095, http://zenodo.org/record/6455874, {"references":["Deli, O. F. 2012. Checklist of spiders (Araneae) of Lower Danube region of Ukraine. Visnyk Odeskoho Natsionalnoho Univiversitetu. Seria Biologia, 17, 96 - 104 [In Ukrainian].","Marusik, Yu. M., Mikhailov, K. G. 2021. Revalidation of Xysticus tuberosus Thorell, 1875 (Aranei: Thomisidae) with notes on the related species. Arthropoda Selecta, 30, 119 - 124. doi: 10.15298 / arthsel. 30.1.11.","Kovblyuk, M. M., Kastrygina, Z. A. 2015. Updated catalogue of the spiders (Arachnida, Aranei) of the Crimea. Ukrainska Entomofaunistyka, 6, 1 - 81."]}

The poorly known crab spider Ozyptila aculipalpaWunderlich, 1995 (Araneae, Thomisidae) was originally described on the basis of a male specimen from Iran. The species is redescribed here using new specimens collected from Turkey. The previously unknown female of this species is described for the first time.

The unknown male of Ozyptila tenerifensis Wunderlich, 1992 endemic to Tenerife is described. This species is rarely collected and seems restricted to litter of understory broadleaf bushes in the Canary pine forest zone.

Ozyptila rauda Simon, 1875 MATERIAL. ��� Ubaye river, dry riverbed with pebbles, 1146 m, 30. VI.2017, Isaia, Mammola & Milano leg., 1 ♀, coll. MI. CHOROTYPE. ��� SIE. MACROHABITAT. ��� Riparian habitats. NOTE. ��� This species is rarely found (Nentwig et al. 2018)., Published as part of Milano, Filippo, Mammola, Stefano, Rollard, Christine, Leccia, Marie-France & Isaia, Marco, 2019, An inventory of the spider species of Barcelonnette (France), with taxonomic notes on Piniphantes agnellus n. comb. (Araneae, Linyphiidae), pp. 29-58 in Zoosystema 41 (4) on page 51, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2019v41a4, http://zenodo.org/record/3718482, {"references":["NENTWIG W., BLICK T., GLOOR D., HANGGI A. & KROPF C. 2018. - Spiders of Europe. Version 05.2018. https: // doi. org / 10.24436 / 1"]}

Ozyptila praticola (C. L. Koch, 1837) MATERIAL. ��� Chemin de Gaudissard, stream, 1230 m,��� 1.VII.2017, Isaia, Mammola & Milano leg., 1♀, coll. MI. CHOROTYPE. ��� OLA. MACROHABITAT. ��� Riparian habitats., Published as part of Milano, Filippo, Mammola, Stefano, Rollard, Christine, Leccia, Marie-France & Isaia, Marco, 2019, An inventory of the spider species of Barcelonnette (France), with taxonomic notes on Piniphantes agnellus n. comb. (Araneae, Linyphiidae), pp. 29-58 in Zoosystema 41 (4) on page 51, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2019v41a4, http://zenodo.org/record/3718482

Ozyptila trux (Blackwall, 1846) МатериаΛ. 1♀, Àокучаевское пΛато, 10.07.2014., Published as part of Ponomarev, A. V., Bragina, T. M. & Shmatko, V. Yu., 2017, New data on spiders (Aranei) of the Naurzum State Natural Reserve (Kostanay Region, Kazakhstan), pp. 3-10 in Caucasian Entomological Bulletin 13 (1) on page 9, DOI: 10.23885/1814-3326-2017-13-1-3-10, http://zenodo.org/record/8145545

Annotated list of spiders species from the seaside and island territories of Northern Dagestan, based on the original material. At the present time 132 species from 20 families are recordet in this region. There are illustrated descriptions of new species Gnaphosa deserta Ponomarev et Dvadnenko, sp. n. , similar with G. rufula (L. Koch, 1866) and Ozyptila dagestana Ponomarev et Dvadnenko, sp. n. , similar with O. simplex (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1862) and males Berlandina apscheronica Dunin, 1984, Pardosa jaikensis Ponomarev, 2007 and Tibellus utotchkini Ponomarev, 2008.

Ozyptila sanctuaria (O. P.-Cambridge, 1871) Material examined. Site 5 (a: 1 ♀), Site 7 (a: 1 ♀), Site 10 (c: 1 ♀), Site 13 (a: 1 ♀; b: 1 ♀), Site 15 (a: 5 ♀). Distribution. Ireland, Britain, Germany, Netherlands, Belgium, France, Switzerland, Italy, Hungary, Bulgaria, F. Y. Republic of Macedonia, Albania, Greece, E-Turkey (Komnenov, 2014). Chorotype. European., Published as part of Marjan Komnenov, Eva Pitta, Konstantina Zografou & Maria Chatzaki, 2016, Discovering the still unexplored arachnofauna of the National Park of Dadia-Lefkimi-Soufli, NE Greece: a taxonomic review with description of new species, pp. 1-66 in Zootaxa 4096 (1) on page 54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4096.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/263078

Faunistic records of spiders (Araneae) in the Nature Monument Jeslicky (South Moravia, Czech Republic) are presented. Spiders were collected by pitfall trapping in 2009 and by sweeping of the herb vegetation in 2011. During the both periods a total of 847 specimens were collected, from which 617 adult spiders were determined. We found 88 species belonging to 20 families. Seven species listed on the Red List of Invertebrates of the Czech Republic were recorded: Titanoeca schineri L. Koch, 1872, Scotina celans (Blackwall, 1841), Haplodrassus dalmatensis (L. Koch, 1866), Ozyptila pullata (Thorell, 1875), Ozyptila simplex (O.P-Cambridge, 1862) and Marpissa nivoyi (Lucas, 1846). To the most significant finding belongs a very rare and endangered (EN) Micaria guttulata (C. L. Koch, 1839). A significant and rich finding of bioindicators of the well preserved steppe habitats Atypus piceus (Sulzer, 1776), Eresus kollari Rossi, 1846 and Alopecosa sulzeri (Pavesi, 1873) are to be mentioned.

The crab spiders (Araneae: Thomisidae) collected from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China are studied. A total of 34 genera and 62 species are reported, including 2 new genera and 23 new species: Micromisumenops gen. nov. of the tribe Misumenini Simon, 1895 (type species Misumenops xiushanensis Song and Chai, 1990), Spilosynema gen. nov. of the tribe Talaini Simon, 1895 (type species S. ansatum sp. nov.); Heriaeus concavus sp. nov., H. convexus sp. nov., Indoxysticus lumbricus sp. nov., Lycopus cha sp. nov., L. tabulatus sp. nov., Massuria bandian sp. nov., M. ovalis sp. nov., Mastira serrula sp. nov., Ozyptila imbrex sp. nov., Paraborboropactus canalis sp. nov., Phrynarachne brevis sp. nov., P. lancea sp. nov., Pistius rotundus sp. nov., Smodicinodes yaoi sp. nov., Spilosynema ansatum sp. nov., S. comminum sp. nov., S. mancum sp. nov., S. ravum sp. nov., Synema revolutum sp. nov., Takachihoa lamellaris sp. nov., T. tumida sp. nov., Talaus sulcus sp. nov., Tmarus gladiatus sp. nov. Male Epidius bazarus (Tikader, 1970), male Paraborboropactus rhombus Tang and Li, 2009, female Smodicinodes schwendingeri Benjamin, 2002 are described for the first time.

Ozyptila balkarica Ovtsharenko, 1979, belonging to the Holarctic Ozyptila rauda-group was thought to be a junior synonym of O. orientalis Kulczynski, 1926, because of its indistinguishable females. Comparison of topotype males from Caucasus and Kamchatka revealed clear differences in the shape of copulatory organs and carapace patterns; thus the junior name is revalidated here. Because the differences between the two taxa are of the same level as between O. orientalis and O. basegica Esyunin, 1992, which is considered a subspecies of the former species, subspecific rank to O. orientalis balkarica stat. nov. is suggested. Males of the two subspecies are illustrated, and a synopsis of the whole O. rauda-group accounting 14 species and subspecies is given. O. sedotmikha Levy, 2007, from Israel was found to belong to this group. Distribution of all species is mapped.

Ozyptila praticola (C. L. Koch, 1837) NEW DATA. — Brissogne, Saint-Marcel, Quart, Nus: Natural Reserve of Les Îles, 530 m, riparian vegetation, 14.VI-5.VII.2011, 66 ♂, leg. Paschetta & Giuliano; same locality, 5-29.VII.2011, 5 ♂ 4 ♀, leg. Paschetta & Giuliano; same locality, 29.VII-18.VIII.2011, 3 ♂ 2 ♀, leg. Paschetta & Giuliano; same locality, 18.VIII-16.IX.2011, 7 ♂ 4 ♀, leg. Paschetta & Giuliano; same locality, 11-26. VI.2013, 24 ♂, leg. Negro; same locality, 26.VI-12.VII.2013, 12♂, leg. Negro; same locality, 12-26.VII.2013, 2 ♂, leg. Negro; same locality, 26.VII-14.VIII.2013, 2 ♂ 2 ♀, leg. Negro; same locality, 14-28. VIII.2013, 2 ♂, leg. Negro; same locality, 28.VIII-16.IX.2013, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, leg. Negro; Morgex-La Salle: Natural Reserve of Marais, 900 m, riparian forest, 14.VI-5.VII.2011, 3 ♂, leg. Paschetta & Giuliano; same locality, 18.VIII-16.IX.2011, 1 ♂, leg. Paschetta & Giuliano; same locality, wet meadow, 14.VI-5.VII.2011, 4 ♂, leg. Paschetta, Giuliano; same locality, grove of reeds, 11-26. VI.2013, 1 ♂, leg. Negro; same locality, grove of reeds, 12-26. VII.2013, 1 ♂, leg. Negro; Pont-Saint-Martin: Natural Reserve of Stagno di Holay, 616 m, alpine grassland, 28.VIII-16.IX.2013, 1 ♂, leg. Negro. LITERATURE. — Rossi & Arnò 1995; [Isaia 2005]; [Rossi & Bosio 2012]. CHOROTYPE. — OLA. MACROHABITAT. — Riparian habitats, alpine grasslands, wetlands., Published as part of Paschetta, Mauro, Christille, Claretta, Marguerettaz, Fabio & Isaia, Marco, 2016, Regional catalogue of the spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of Aosta Valley (NW Italy), pp. 49-125 in Zoosystema 38 (1) on page 108, DOI: 10.5252/z2016n1a3, http://zenodo.org/record/4578074, {"references":["ROSSI G. & ARNO C. 1995. - Indagini sull'araneofauna della zona umida della Natural Reserve of di Les Iles (Valle d'Aosta). Revue valdotaine d'Histoire naturelle 49: 43 - 57.","ISAIA M. 2005. - Check list of spiders (Arachnids, Araneae) of Aosta Valley (Italy) with a new record for Italian fauna. Revue valdotaine d'Histoire naturelle 59: 25 - 43.","ROSSI G. & BOSIO F. 2012. - Elenco delle specie di ragni (Arachnida, Araneae) note per la Valle d ' Aosta. Revue valdotaine d'Histoire naturelle 66: 45 - 88."]}

Ozyptila rauda Simon, 1875 NEW DATA. — Brissogne, Saint-Marcel, Quart, Nus: Natural Reserve of Les Îles, 530 m, riparian vegetation, 18.VIII-16.IX.2011, 1 ♂, leg. Paschetta & Giuliano. LITERATURE. — Gobbi et al. 2010; [Rossi & Bosio 2012]. CHOROTYPE. — SIE. MACROHABITAT. — Rocky lands, riparian habitats., Published as part of Paschetta, Mauro, Christille, Claretta, Marguerettaz, Fabio & Isaia, Marco, 2016, Regional catalogue of the spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of Aosta Valley (NW Italy), pp. 49-125 in Zoosystema 38 (1) on page 108, DOI: 10.5252/z2016n1a3, http://zenodo.org/record/4578074, {"references":["GOBBI M., ISAIA M. & DE BERNARDI F. 2010. - Arthropod colonisation of a debris-covered glacier. The Holocene 21 (2): 343 - 349.","ROSSI G. & BOSIO F. 2012. - Elenco delle specie di ragni (Arachnida, Araneae) note per la Valle d ' Aosta. Revue valdotaine d'Histoire naturelle 66: 45 - 88."]}

Ozyptila atomaria (Panzer, 1801) NEW DATA. — Gressan: Natural Reserve of Côte de Gargantua, 700 m, dry meadow, 3-24.V.2012, 1♂, leg. Negro (MRSN-VDA); Torgnon: Lo Ditor, 1950 m, peat bog, 11-26.VI.2013, 1 ♀, leg. Negro (MRSN-VDA). LITERATURE. — Di Caporiacco 1928; [Isaia 2005]; [Rossi & Bosio 2012]. CHOROTYPE. — PAL. MACROHABITAT. — Shrublands, wetlands., Published as part of Paschetta, Mauro, Christille, Claretta, Marguerettaz, Fabio & Isaia, Marco, 2016, Regional catalogue of the spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of Aosta Valley (NW Italy), pp. 49-125 in Zoosystema 38 (1) on page 108, DOI: 10.5252/z2016n1a3, http://zenodo.org/record/4578074, {"references":["DI CAPORIACCO L. 1928. - Aracnidi. Il Parco Nazionale del Gran Paradiso, Torino 2: 1 - 4.","ISAIA M. 2005. - Check list of spiders (Arachnids, Araneae) of Aosta Valley (Italy) with a new record for Italian fauna. Revue valdotaine d'Histoire naturelle 59: 25 - 43.","ROSSI G. & BOSIO F. 2012. - Elenco delle specie di ragni (Arachnida, Araneae) note per la Valle d ' Aosta. Revue valdotaine d'Histoire naturelle 66: 45 - 88."]}

Ozyptila trux (Blackwall, 1846) NEW DATA.—Torgnon:Lo Ditor, 1950 m, peat bog, 12-26.VII.2013, 1 ♀, leg. Negro; same locality, 26.VII-14.VIII.2013, 2 ♂, leg. Negro; same locality, 14-28.VIII.2013, 1 ♂, leg. Negro. LITERATURE. — Negro et al. 2009, 2013; [Rossi & Bosio 2012]. CHOROTYPE. — PAL. MACROHABITAT. — Wetlands, ski pistes., Published as part of Paschetta, Mauro, Christille, Claretta, Marguerettaz, Fabio & Isaia, Marco, 2016, Regional catalogue of the spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of Aosta Valley (NW Italy), pp. 49-125 in Zoosystema 38 (1) on page 109, DOI: 10.5252/z2016n1a3, http://zenodo.org/record/4578074, {"references":["NEGRO M., ISAIA M., PALESTRINI C. & ROLANDO A. 2009. - The impact of forest ski-pistes on diversity of ground-dwelling arthropods and small mammals in the Alps. Biodiversity and Conservation 18 (11): 2799 - 2821. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10531 - 009 - 9608 - 4","NEGRO M., ROLANDO A., BARNI E., BOCOLA D., FILIPPA G., FREP- PAZ M., ISAIA M., SINISCALCO C. & PALESTRINI C. 2013. - Differential responses of ground dwelling arthropods to ski-piste restoration by hydroseeding. Biodiversity and Conservation 22 (11): 2607 - 2634. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10531 - 013 - 0544 - y","ROSSI G. & BOSIO F. 2012. - Elenco delle specie di ragni (Arachnida, Araneae) note per la Valle d ' Aosta. Revue valdotaine d'Histoire naturelle 66: 45 - 88."]}

Ozyptila pullata (Thorell, 1875) NEW DATA. — Saint Denis: Brison-Cly, 1000 m, broadleaved forest, 24.V-13.VI.2012, 1 ♂, leg. Negro (MRSN-VDA). LITERATURE. — Rossi & Arnò 1995; [Isaia 2005]; [Rossi & Bosio 2012]. CHOROTYPE. — EUR. MACROHABITAT. — Broadleaved forests, shrublands., Published as part of Paschetta, Mauro, Christille, Claretta, Marguerettaz, Fabio & Isaia, Marco, 2016, Regional catalogue of the spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of Aosta Valley (NW Italy), pp. 49-125 in Zoosystema 38 (1) on page 108, DOI: 10.5252/z2016n1a3, http://zenodo.org/record/4578074, {"references":["ROSSI G. & ARNO C. 1995. - Indagini sull'araneofauna della zona umida della Natural Reserve of di Les Iles (Valle d'Aosta). Revue valdotaine d'Histoire naturelle 49: 43 - 57.","ISAIA M. 2005. - Check list of spiders (Arachnids, Araneae) of Aosta Valley (Italy) with a new record for Italian fauna. Revue valdotaine d'Histoire naturelle 59: 25 - 43.","ROSSI G. & BOSIO F. 2012. - Elenco delle specie di ragni (Arachnida, Araneae) note per la Valle d ' Aosta. Revue valdotaine d'Histoire naturelle 66: 45 - 88."]}

Ozyptila balcanica sp. n. is described (based on both males and females) from Bulgaria (Zemen Gorge), Greece (Arkadia, Mainalo) and FYR Macedonia (Skopje Region, Osogovo Mts.). The new species resembles the poorly known O. umbraculorum Simon, 1932, recorded from France, Portugal and Spain, but is clearly a distinct species. Illustrations of both taxa are presented. Due to the isolated position of both species in the genus, we proposed a new species group – umbraculorum, characterised by a large intermediate apophysis (ITA), armed with well-developed teeth, and a long scimitar-shaped tegular apophysis. The females have similar epigynes with pan-shaped median septum., This study has been supported by the SYNTHESYS Project (http://www.synthesys.info/) financed by EC Research Infrastructure Action under the FP7 “Capacities” Program. Part of this project was co-founded also by the European Union (European Social Fund) and National Resources under the Operational Programme “Education and Lifelong Learning” Action 81324 – SPIDOnetGR, ARISTEIA II Programme, NSRF 2007-2013.

In this catalogue we seek to compile information about spiders in Comunidad de Madrid in order to evaluate the level of our knowledge in the context of the Iberian fauna as well as to promote studies leading to their conservation. For this catalogue we have compiled information coming from both published and unpublished mentions from university thesis, classified specimens from the collections of the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales and the results of a specific sampling carried out by M. A. Ferrández and H. Fernández de Céspedes in the San Agustín de Guadalix area. The nomenclature is based on Platnick’s world catalogue (2005) as well as on Morano’s work on the ibero-balearic fauna (2005) both available on the net. For each species we include: locality of record, UTM coordinates, original publication name and bibliographical references or museum where the material is kept. Madrid’s fauna of spiders has 261 species at present, belonging to 133 genera from 36 different families, 52% of which are cited from first time (marked with *). The general conclusion is that there is very little data about most species, those that do exist are often outdated and they lack relevant information about biological cycles, ecology, etc. There are still great many species to be recorded in the fauna of Madrid and estimates range between 350 and 400 species in total. It must be pointed that 24 out of 261 total species are endemic species from the Iberian Peninsula, some only collected very recently: Ozyptila umbraculorum (2002), Clubiona aducta, Parachtes teruelis (2005) and Amphiledorus balnearicus (in this paper).Con la confección del presente catálogo se pretende recopilar la información faunística disponible sobre las arañas de la Comunidad de Madrid, valorar el grado de conocimiento en el contexto de la fauna ibérica, así como impulsar los estudios encaminados a su conservación. Para su elaboración se han recopilado las citas publicadas, las citas inéditas de diferentes Tesis Doctorales y de licenciatura, el material identificado que se conserva en las colecciones del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales y los resultados de un muestreo puntual realizado por dos de los autores (M.A. Ferrández y H. Fernández de Céspedes) en las proximidades de San Agustín de Guadalix. La nomenclatura está basada tanto en el catálogo mundial de Platnick (2005) como en el realizado para la fauna ibero-balear por uno de los autores, Morano (2005), disponible actualmente en internet. Para cada especie se incluyen las localidades de captura, su coordenada UTM, el nombre con el que fue publicada la cita y la referencia bibliográfica o el museo donde esta depositado el material. También se añade un apartado de distribución donde se proporciona la distribución mundial y la ibérica. La fauna de arañas de Madrid cuenta en el momento actual con un total de 261 especies repartidas en 132 géneros de 36 familias distintas, de las cuales un total de 52 se publican por primera vez (las señaladas mediante un *). La conclusión general es que se poseen pocos datos de la mayoría de las especies, los datos que hay son en muchos casos antiguos y no aportan información relevante sobre los ciclos biológicos, ecología, etc. Sin duda quedan muchas especies por encontrar en la fauna madrileña y no es descabellado estimar entre 350 y 400 las especies totales de dicha fauna. También es de destacar la presencia de 24 endemismos ibéricos, algunos de ellos recolectados en fecha reciente, como Ozyptila umbraculorum (2002), Clubiona aducta, Parachtes teruelis, o Amphiledorus balnearicus (2005), esta última capturada en los muestreos de San Agustín de Guadalix.

There are now more than 40,000 identified spider species in the world, and considered about 100 species as actually dangerous to human. Spider bites cause a range of symptoms from simple swellings to disfiguring necrotic lesions, and occasionally death. While spider bites are not a major medical problem in Korea, it would be of great value to know which species of spiders pose a threat to human health. A middle molecular weight protein, sphingomyelinase D, has been identified in the venom of the brown recluse spider and strong evidence suggests that they have a major role in spider bite necrosis. For the identification of necrotizing species, we have investigated using recently developed non-radioactive assay of sphingomyelinase for rapidly screening the necrotizing venoms. Here, we demonstrate the fetal toxicity of total 57 species (32 genera, 9 families) of the wandering spiders among 622 identified spider species in Korea. It has been revealed that two species of the Thomisidae spider, Ozyptila nongae (0.2467) and Diaea subdola (0.2020) have the strongest sphingomyelinase activities among themselves. In addition one species of the family Pisauridae, Dolomedes sulfureus (0.2341) has also relatively higher value comparing to other wandering spiders. However comparing to that of the brown recluse spider, Loxosceles reclusa (1.814) in North America the necrotizing activities of these Korean wandering species are still very low state, so there seems to be little possibilities to create serious medical problems by the necrotizing arachnidism in Korean peninsula.

Ozyptila trux (Blackwall, 1846) NEW DATA. — Entracque: Torrente Bousset, Trinità di Entracque, stream bank, among gravels, 1000-1200 m, 29.VI.2007, 2♀, leg. K. Wolf-Schwenninger & H. Schwenninger; Valdieri: Pian del Valasco, Alpine pasture with rocks, 1764 m, 11.VII-27.VIII.2009 (pitfall traps), 2♂, 1♀; Pian del Valasco, Alpine pasture with rocks, 1764 m, 27.VIII-23.IX.2009 (pitfall traps), 2♂. CHOROTYPE. — PAL. MACROHABITAT. — Alpine prairies, riparian habitats. NOTES. — New record for the study area., Published as part of Isaia, Marco, Paschetta, Mauro & Chiarle, Alberto, 2015, Annotated checklist of the spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of the Site of Community Importance and Special Area of Conservation " Alpi Marittime " (NW Italy), pp. 57-114 in Zoosystema 37 (1) on page 99, DOI: 10.5252/z2015n1a4, http://zenodo.org/record/4577680

Ozyptila kansuensis (Tang, Song & Zhu, 1995) comb. nov. Figs 1–14 Xysticus kansuensis Tang et al., 1995: 19, fig. 3 (A–B, ♂); Song & Zhu, 1997: 91, plate 58 (A–B, ♂); Yin et al., 2012: 1318, plate 712 (a–c, ♂). Type material. Holotype: male, CHINA: Gansu Province (“ Kansu ” in Tang et al., 1995), Wen County, 24 June 1992, leg. Y.Q. Tang, kept in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing (IZCAS-Ar 9447), examined by G. Tang. Other material examined. CHINA: Hunan, Changsha City, Mountain Yuelu: 3 ♂, May 1986, leg. X.J. Peng; 1 ♀, 2 November 2007, leg. G. Tang and X.Q. Mi; 10 ♂, 5 ♀, the square (about 80 m 2) of the Monument of Anti-Japanese Heroes (N28º11.54', E112º56.28', 112 m), 5–25 May 2012, by hand, leg. G. Tang; 5 ♂ (kept in 95% ethanol), the same data. Diagnosis. This species is similar to O. imbrex Tang & Li, 2010 and O. wuchangensis Tang & Song, 1988 (Tang & Li 2010: p.41–44, figs 28–30; Tang & Song 1988: p.246–248, figs 4–10). The female is similar to those species in having an epigynal hood and lateral epigynal sclerites, but can be distinguished by: 1) the larger body size: 4.80–7.20 (2.90–3.50 in O. imbrex, 3.5 in O. wuchangensis); 2) the slender copulatory ducts. The male can be distinguished from O. imbrex by the tegulum with raised ridge and the intermediate tibial apophysis (ITA) without bifurcation (tegulum with 3 apophyses, ITA bifurcated in O. imbrex); the male can be distinguished from O. wuchangensis by: the slender embolus, the long ITA (embolus short, ITA much shorter in O. wuchangensis). Description. Female: Total length 4.05, cephalothorax 2.23 long, 2.18 wide; abdomen 1.87 long, 2.24 wide. Cephalothorax dorsally blackish brown with “V”-shaped yellowish brown markings (Fig. 1), covered with clavate setae (Fig. 1). Cervical grooves, radial grooves and fovea visible. Eye tubercles yellowish brown; eye measurements: anterior lateral eye 0.19, posterior lateral eye 0.13, anterior median eye 0.07, posterior median eye 0.07; distance between anterior median eyes 0.33, distance between anterior median eye and anterior lateral eye 0.18, distance between posterior median eyes 0.30, distance between posterior median eye and posterior lateral eye 0.40, median ocular area length 0.28 with front width 0.46 and back width 0.44. Chelicerae dark brown, endites and labium greyish brown, sternum greyish brown with blackish brown spots. Femora I–IV with blackish brown spots. Tibiae and metatarsi I–II with 3 pairs of ventral spines. Leg measurements: I 6.70 (2.20, 2.40, 1.20, 0.90), II 6.80 (2.20, 2.50, 1.20, 0.90), III 4.20 (1.50, 1.60, 0.60, 0.50), IV 4.30 (1.50, 1.70, 0.60, 0.50), leg formula 2143. Abdomen covered dorsally with rows of short clavate setae. Abdomen dorsally greyish black with blackish brown markings, ventrally grayish brown with blackish brown spots. Epigyne (Figs 9–10, 13–14). Epigyne anteriorly with a hood, a pair of lateral sclerites which cover copulatory openings; copulatory ducts slender, twisted; spermatheca convoluted. Male: Smaller than female, somatic coloration darker than in female. The clavate setae on cephalothorax are not obvious in darken specimens while they can be observed in lighten ones (Fig 2, 3). Measurements. Total length 4.20, cephalothorax 2.30 long, 2.30 wide; abdomen 2.10 long, 2.10 wide. Cephalothorax dorsally blackish brown (Fig. 2). Tibiae and metatarsi I– II with 3 pairs of ventral spines. Leg measurements: I 8.00 (2.40, 2.80, 1.80, 1.00), II 8.40 (2.60, 3.00, 1.80, 1.00), III 5.30 (1.80, 1.80, 1.00, 0.70), IV 5.50 (2.00, 1.80, 1.00, 0.70), leg formula 2143. Palp (Figs 6–8, 11–12). Tibia with stout, hooked ventral apophysis, digitiform intermediate apophysis and long retrolateral apophysis. Palp with raised basal tegular ridge, embolus slender. Variation. Total length: ♂ 4.00–4.55 (n=17, a dwarf male specimen only 3.50); ♀ 4.80–7.20 (n=6). The abdominal markings of both sexes vary in coloration and size. The “V”-shaped marking on cephalothorax can also be observed in some male specimens. The dwarf male specimen shows un-symmetrically developed palps: the left one developed while the right one un-developed (Figs 4, 5). Distribution. China (Gansu, Hunan). Acknowledgements We thank Xinping Wang (www. Amaurobiidae.com), Christoph Muster (Putbus, Germany) and two anonymous reviewers for reading and improving this manuscript. This study was financially supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (NSFC-31272271, 31272272, 31372160), the Hunan Provincial Construct Program of the Key Discipline in Ecology.

Ozyptila furcula L. Koch, 1882 (Figs 24-26) Ozyptila furcula L. Koch, 1882: 648, pl. 21, fig. 23. Ozyptila bicuspis Simon, 1932: 873, figs 1186-1187, 1208; new synonymy. Type material Holotype male of Ozyptila furcula from Spain, Baleares, Mallorca, Ses Prat de San Jordi, end of April, Schaufuss leg.; not examined, unavailable in ZMB. Comparative material examined SPAIN. Jaen: Ribera Baja (N 37��26���58������ E 3��50���5������), 870m, 1 male, litter in Populus forest, 6.IV.1997, R. Bosmans leg. (CRB). Comments The type material of this species is not available, but KOCH ���s figure 21 (1882) allows a positive identification with respect to the tegular apophysis of specimens collected by us in Spain and North Africa. The tegulum has an oblique banana-shaped tegular apophysis with two postero-median concavities (compare Figs 24 and 25). Such an apophysis exists in three Ozyptila species occurring in this region: O. pauxilla Simon, 1870, O. perplexa Simon, 1875 and O. bicuspis Simon, 1932. Koch���s species also has two postero-median incisions, and these are absent in O. pauxilla and O. perplexa. We consider O. furcula and O. biscuspis the same species and O. bicuspis Simon, 1932 becomes a junior synonym of O. furcula L. Koch, 1882. Ozyptila pauxilla and O. perplexa will be redescribed in a separate paper. Distribution The species is currently known from the south of France and from Spain., Published as part of Bosmans & Van Keer, 2012, On the spider species described by L. Koch in 1882 from the Balearic Islands (Araneae), pp. 5-16 in Arachnologische Mitteilungen 43 (1) on page 11, DOI: 10.5431/aramit4306, http://zenodo.org/record/556090, {"references":["Koch L. (1882): Zoologische Ergebnisse von excursionen auF den Balearen. II: Arachniden und MYriapoden. - Verhandlungen der zoologisch-botanischen GesellschaFt in Wien 31: 625 - 678","simon E. (1932): Les arachnides de France. Tome VI. SYnopsis generale et catalogue des especes Francaises de l'ordre des Araneae. Tome VI. 4 e partie. Roret, Paris. pp. 773 - 978"]}

Ozyptila imbrex sp. nov. Figs 28–30 Type material. Holotype: ♂, CHINA: Yunnan: Xishuangbanna, Mengla County, Menglun Town, Menglun Nature Reserve, primary tropical seasonal rain forest (N21º57.669', E101º11.893', 790 m), 5–12 October 2006, leg. G. Zheng (CBII-1-04). Paratypes: CHINA: Yunnan: Xishuangbanna, Mengla County, Menglun Town, Menglun Nature Reserve, leg. G. Zheng: 1 ♂, same data as holotype; 2 ♀, Secondary tropical seasonal rain forest (N21º55.428', E101º16.441', 598 m), 19–26 April 2007; 1 ♀, secondary tropical seasonal moist forest (N21º54.607', E101º17.005', 633 m), 5–12 October 2006; 1 ♀, secondary tropical moist forest (N21º54.984', E101º16.982', 656 m), 5–12 February 2007. Etymology. The specific name comes from the Latin word imbrex (roofing-tile), referring to the shape of one of the tegular apophyses noun in apposition. Diagnosis. This new species can be easily distinguished from other members of this genus by the unique imbricate tegular apophysis of the male palp and the shape of the epigynum. Description. Male (holotype measured): Total length 2.70. Prosoma 1.40 long, 1.50 wide; opisthosoma 1.40 long, 1.60 wide. Prosoma brown, covered with clavate setae. Eye measurements: AME 0.05; ALE 0.10; PME 0.03; PLE 0.09; AME–AME 0.14; AME–ALE 0.08; PME–PME 0.14; PME–PLE 0.22. MOA length 0.22 with front width 0.24 and back width 0.18. Chelicerae, gnathocoxae and labium light brown, sternum light brown with grayish black markings. Legs yellow with grayish black, yellow annuli. Tibiae and metatarsi of I, II with 3 pairs of ventral spines. Leg measurements: I: 4.50 (1.20, 1.60, 1.00, 0.70); II: 4.60 (1.30, 1.60, 1.00, 0.70); III: 3.10 (1.00, 1.20, 0.50, 0.40); IV: 3.40 (1.00, 1.20, 0.60, 0.50), leg formula: 2143. Opisthosoma dorsally grayish yellow with clavate setae, dorsally also with grayish black and white spots. Venter yellow. Palp (Figs 28 B–D, 30 A–B). VTA beak-shaped; ITA bifurcated, RTA wide basally and sharp distally. Tegulum with 3 tegular apophyses (one large imbricate, one sharp and one broadsword-shaped); embolus slender. Female (one of the paratypes measured): Total length 3.50. Prosoma 1.70 long, 1.60 wide. Opisthosoma 1.90 long, 2.10 wide. Body darker than in male. Eye measurements: AME 0.05; ALE 0.10; PME 0.03; PLE 0.08; AME– AME 0.16; AME–ALE 0.10; PME–PME 0.14; PME–PLE 0.24. MOA length 0.20 with front width 0.24 and back width 0.18. Leg measurements: I: 4.70 (1.40, 1.70, 0.90, 0.70); II: 4.90 (1.50, 1.80, 0.90, 0.70); III: 3.40 (1.10, 1.20, 0.60, 0.50); IV: 3.45 (1.10, 1.20, 0.60, 0.55), leg formula: 2143. Opisthosoma dorsally grayish black with clavate setae and white spots. Epigynum (Figs 29 B–C, 30 C–D). Epigynum with an anteriorly situated hood and a pair of longitudinal wrinkled lobes laterally; copulatory duct twisted; spermathecae small. Variation. Total length: ♂ 2.70–2.90 (n=2); ♀ 2.90–3.50 (n=4). Distribution. China (Yunnan).

Ozyptila utotchkini Marusik, 1990 (Figs 1���12) Ozyptila utotchkini Marusik in Marusik and Chevrizov, 1990: 93, figs 9���11 (��); Marusik and Koponen, 2001: 66 (faunistic records). Material examined. RUSSIA: Maritime Province: 1 �� (ZMMU), Anuchino Distr., env. of Lazovski Reserve, coniferous-broad leaf forest, 10���11 September 1983 (Vinokurov); 2 �� (ZMMU), Anuchino Distr., Lazovski Reserve, coniferous-broad leaf forest, August���September 1983 (Bakurov); 1 �� (ZMMU), same locality, 27 August ��� 10 September 1984 (Bakurov); 2 ♂ 4 �� 3 juv. (ZMMU), Lazovski Reserve, Korpad' Kordon, 43 o 16 'N 134 o08'E, 6���9 August 1998 (Yu.M.Marusik); 1 �� (ZMMU), Ussuriyski Distr., Suputinski (=Ussuriyski) Reserve, Grabovaya Sopka, fir wood, 43 �� 37 ���05���N 132 �� 21 ��� 30 ������E, 23���25 May 1972 (G.F.Kurcheva); 2 �� (ZMMU), Ussuriyski Reserve, 43 o 39 'N 132 o 33 'E, leaf litter, 29���31 July 1998 (Yu.M.Marusik); 1 ♂ (ZMUT), Ussuriyski Distr., Gornotayozhnoye Vill., herb-shrub meadow near Lysaya Sopka, 43 �� 41 ���N 132 ��09���E, 31 May 2007 (M. M.Omelko); 2 ♂ 1 �� (ZMUT), Ussuriyski Distr., c. 30km E of Ussuriysk, Kamenushka Vill., 43 �� 36.45 ���N 132 �� 13.60 ���E, 29 August 2001 (Y. M.Marusik); 1 �� (ZMMU), Terneyski Distr., Sikhote-Alinsky Reserve, mixed pine-oak forest, site 1���2, Nevidimka River, 45 ��00���N 135 �� 56 ��� 50 ���E, 9 August 1979 (Gromyko); 1 �� (ZMMU), same locality, 29 May 1985; 1 ♂ (ZMMU), Sikhote-Alinsky Reserve, Kabany Kordon, 135 o 52 ' 40 "E 45 o08' 16 "N, 650-900 m, taiga, 30 June ��� 4 July 1999 (Y. Sundukov); 1 �� (ZMMU), Vladivostok City, Okeanskaya, 43 �� 13 ���N, 132 ��01���E, forest-park, leaf litter, 2 October 1997 (Y. M. Marusik). Diagnosis. Ozyptila. utotchkini can be separated from all other members of O. rauda- group by the copulatory organs. The epigyne of this species has no visible fovea, but a strong extension of the epigynal plate, while other species in the group have distinct fovea (cf. Dondale & Redner 1975: figs 103���107; Hippa et al. 1986: figs 2 a���f, 3 a���c; Ono et al. 1990: fig. 33). The male can be easily distinguished by the shape of the tegular and tibial apophyses. Description. Female (n= 6): Total length 3.15���3.75. Carapace: 1.55���1.63 long, 1.53���1.55 wide, light brown with dark margins and a pair of dark stripes behind eyes, median band is light yellow, and the sides are variegated. The abdomen is variegated with light brown without a distinct pattern, but with more or less distinct white transverse stripes. The legs are light brown with dark femora. Tibia I and II with 2 pairs of ventral spines. Metatarsi I and II with 3 pairs of ventral spines. Epigyne as in Figs 1 ���6, 10��� 12, with fovea turned upward and hidden by an extension of the plate (Ee), the upper part of which has transverse wrinkles (Figs 1, 4���5, 10��� 12). The upper part of the plate in the penultimate female (Fig. 4) is weakly sclerotized, and paler than the other parts of epigyne, while in mature females, the upper part of the plate is most heavily sclerotized (Fig. 5). Copulatory openings are located in the fovea (Ef, Figs 3, 10) and visible only in the anterior view. Male (n= 3): Total length 2.7���3.2. Carapace: 1.543���1.63 long, 1.43���1.63 wide, dark brown, with light median band, and a pair of light submarginal stripes. The abdomen is brown, with dark and light transverse stripes. The legs of the male are darker than those of the female, with the femora dark brown. The palp is as in Figs 7���9, with three tibial apophyses: long transverse proventral (Pa), digiform retroventral (Ra) and spine���like retrolateral (Rt); bulbus with large tegular apophysis extending tegulum (Ta), the free part of embolus (Em) is short and makes an entire loop; portion of free embolus with serrate margin (Figs 9���11). Remarks. This species was named after the well���known Soviet arachnologist Alexander S. Utotchkin who made important contributions to the study of the Thomisidae of the former USSR. The male palp of this species has a typical conformation for the O. rauda- group, while the female genitalia appear unusual. In fact, it is so unusual, that although the senior author had female specimens on hand while describing the male, it was decided that these females were not conspecific with the males. However, additional collecting has convinced us from the opposite. The conformation of the epigyne of this species is more similar to those of the genus Cozyptila, in particular C. blackwalli (Simon, 1875) and C. guseinovorum Marusik & Kovblyuk, 2005. All these species have extensions of the epigynal plate which bears the copulatory opening. The epigyne of O. utotchikini resembles that of O. gasanensis Paik, 1985, described from the holotype female from Korea, which is lost. It is impossible to conclude from Paik���s figures (Paik 1985: figs 4���5) whether the two species should be synonymised or not. However, from the figures, differences do exist. For instance, the epigynal plate of Korean specimen has no transverse wrinkles, and has longitudinal receptacula which are distinctly thicker than in the Russian specimens. When topotype females of O. gasanensis are found or males of O. utotchkini are collected in Korea it will be possible to conclude whether or not the two species are conspecific. Distribution. This species is known only from the southern half of Maritime Province (Fig. 13) in eastern Russia. Its occurrence in adjacent Korea and Northeast China is very likely., Published as part of Marusik, Yuri M. & Omelko, Mikhail M., 2008, First description of the female of Ozyptila utotchkini (Araneae: Thomisidae), pp. 65-68 in Zootaxa 1823 on pages 65-67, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274389, {"references":["Marusik, Y. M & Chevrizov, B. P. (1990) Three new crab spiders from the Asian part of the USSR (Arachnida, Araneae: Thomisidae). Reichenbachia, 27, 89 - 93.","Dondale, C. D. & Redner, J. H. (1975) The genus Ozyptila in North America (Araneida, Thomisidae). Journal of Arachnology, 2, 129 - 181.","Hippa, H., Koponen, S. & Oksala, I. (1986) Revision and classification of the Holarctic species of the Ozyptila rauda group (Araneae, Thomisidae). Annales Zoologici Fennici, 23, 321 - 328.","Ono, H., Marusik, Y. M. & Logunov, D. V. (1990) Spiders of the family Thomisidae from Sakhalin and the Kurile Islands. Acta Arachnologica, Tokyo, 39, 7 - 19.","Paik, K. Y. (1985) A new species of genus Oxyptila (Araneae: Thomisidae) from Korea. Korean Arachnology, 1, 13 - 16."]}

Ozyptila praticola (L. Koch, 1837) * MATERIAL. 1 ♂, 4, low-grasses meadow, VII.2007, DK., Published as part of Esyunin, S. L. & Kazantsev, D. K, 2007, On the spider (Aranei) fauna of the Pechoro - Ilychskiy Reserve (North Urals), with the description of a new Agroeca species (Liocranidae), pp. 245-250 in Arthropoda Selecta 16 (4) on page 250, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.584085

Ozyptila arctica Kulczy���ski, 1908 MATERIAL. 1 ♀, 4, mossy Salix thicket, VII.2007, DK., Published as part of Esyunin, S. L. & Kazantsev, D. K, 2007, On the spider (Aranei) fauna of the Pechoro - Ilychskiy Reserve (North Urals), with the description of a new Agroeca species (Liocranidae), pp. 245-250 in Arthropoda Selecta 16 (4) on page 250, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.584085

Ozyptila sedotmikha n. sp. Figs. 58���62 Holotype. adult male from Sedot Mikha (680421 / 510669), Israel, leg.Yael Mandelik, January 18, 2002, pitfall trap (HUJ 15416); female paratype from same locality, March 22, 2002 (HUJ 15418). FIGURES 56���60. 56, 57. Ozyptila clavigera (O.P.- Cambridge, 1872), �� 56. Epigynum, ventral view. 57. Spermathecae, dorsal (inner) view. 58���60. Ozyptila sedotmikha n. sp. ♂, holotype, left palpus. 58. Mesal view. 59. Ventral view. 60. Retrolateral view; t = tutaculum. Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition referring to the type locality. Description. Male with almost black prosoma encircled by fine, white line and dorsally with median yellow brown band. Opisthosoma deep brown with short median row of light, indistinct spots. Legs dark coloured except for fine white line around articulations. Female generally beige to brown with a few dark spots; prosoma encircled by fine, white line and with partly brown sides. Male. Measurements (holotype + 2 ����; holotype listed first): total length 2.4, 2.1���2.4; carapace length 1.2, 1.0��� 1.2, width 1.1, 1.0��� 1.1, index 1.09, 1.05���1.14; femur II length 0.9, 0.75���0.85, width 0.28, 0.24���0.26, length/width 3.21, 3.13���3.54. Palpus. Cymbium with fine whitish, finger-like tutaculum (t; Figs. 59, 60). Strongly twisted tip of embolus bends medially almost reaching large, brown sclerotic median apophysis (Figs. 58���60). Tibia bears fine, slightly inclined, ventral apophysis and thick, robust retrolateral apophysis (Figs. 58���60). Female. Measurements (3 ����): total length 3.3���3.5; carapace length 1.4, width 1.3���1.45, index 0.96��� 1.07; femur II length 0.9���1.15, width 0.35���0.40, length/width 2.43���2.88. Epigynum. Deep black pigmented, poorly differentiated, sclerotic coils encircle small light concavity at center (Fig. 61). Spermathecal tubes with deep brown anterior diverticulum-like ramification (Fig. 62). Diagnosis. The genitalic features of Ozyptila sedotmikha n. sp. resemble very closely those of the European O. sanctuaria (O.P.-Cambridge). The two, however, can be separated by subtle details of the hump on the tegular surface of the male palpus, the shape of the median apophysis, and the configuration of the epigynal plate of the female and the shape of the spermathecae. These characters also distinguish O. sedotmikha n. sp. from all other Ozyptila species. FIGURES 61���64. 61, 62. Ozyptila sedotmikha n. sp. ��. 61. Epigynum, ventral view. 62. Spermathecae, dorsal (inner) view. 63, 64. Xysticus sansan n. sp. ♂, holotype, left palpus. 63. Ventral view. 64. Retrolateral view. Distribution. Israel: mesic Mediterranean part of the country. Records: Sedot Mikha, Nehusha. Comment. Adult males were collected in January, and females in March and May, all were captured by pitfall traps., Published as part of Levy, Gershom, 2007, Calommata (Atypidae) and new spider species (Araneae) from Israel, pp. 1-30 in Zootaxa 1551 on pages 22-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.178107, {"references":["Cambridge, O. P. -. (1872) General list of the spiders of Palestine and Syria. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1872, 212 - 354."]}

Ozyptila clavigera (O.P.- Cambridge, 1872) Figs. 53���57 Thomisus claviger O.P.- Cambridge, 1872: 306; 2 ���� syntypes from Israel (HECO, B. 1236, t. 25; examined). Oxyptila clavigera: Simon, 1875: 241; Levy, 1985: 65, figs 94, 95, ��. Description. Male deep-brown with partly mottled light spots and short whitish marking posteriorly on back of prosoma. Female beige with scattered dark streaks. Male. Measurements (10 ����): total length 2.7���3.2; carapace length 1.3���1.6, width 1.25���1.40, index 1.0��� 1.2; femur II length 0.9���1.2, width 0.35���0.40, length/width 2.57���3.43. Palpus. Patella with two stout apophyses. Tibia with ventral apophysis consisting of slender, reclining shaft and hammer-like expansion at tip, and ectally with strong, tapering retrolateral apophysis (Figs. 53���55); cymbium apically slightly notched on mesal side (Figs. 54, 55); tegulum bears two different blackish apophyses: one stubby at center, and below it one with pointed tips; embolus bends apically nearly at right angle (Figs. 53���55). Female. Measurements (8 ����): total length 3.6���4.1; carapace length 1.5���1.8, width 1.4���1.8, index 1.0��� 1.1; femur II length 1.1���1.4, width 0.40���0.45, length/width 2.75���3.11. Epigynum. Round, swollen anterior part with median keel-like embossment occasionally forming septumlike prominence (Fig. 56). Sclerotic rims of posterior epigynal plate converge at center under fine, nearly transparent, funnel-shaped concavity. Spermathecae consist of small median, ovoid yellow bodies connected by brown tubes to lateral trapezoidal bodies with yellow scooped centers (Fig. 57). Diagnosis. The shape of the patellar and tibial apophyses and the embolar trajectory of the male palpus of O. clavigera resemble very closely those of the allopatric O. patellibidens Levy. However, the two can be separated by the shape of the tegular apophyses and the notched cymbium. The females of both species resemble each other in general but the shape of the epigynal plate and the shape of the spermathecae differ distinctly also from all other Ozyptila species. Distribution. Israel: central, mesic parts of the country. Records: Nazareth (O.P.- Cambridge 1872), Sedot Mikha, Har Sansan Reserve (696459 / 508994), Zekharya, Ramat Avishur (681583 / 502691), Nehusha. Comments. Adults were collected in January, March, May and November by using pitfall traps. The hitherto unknown male is described for the first time and the newly described female was so far known only by the syntypes collected in 1865. Originally, O.P.- Cambridge (1872) mentioned two females from Israel: one from Nazareth and another from the Plains of the Jordan. The respective vial, however, contains three females, two of which match O. clavigera while the third female belongs to an unknown Ozyptila species. O. clavigera as of present knowledge occurs in relatively mesic parts of Israel (e.g. Nazareth), very different from the hot, arid plains of the Jordan. Therefore, unless proved otherwise, the unidentified Ozyptila female is considered to represent the ���Plains of the Jordan ��� record. Apparently one of the clavigera females is a later unlisted addition to the Oxford collection. The unidentified species differs also distinctly from O. patellibidens Levy. The latter is found in the semi-arid stony desert of the Negev, a habitat that differs markedly from that of O. clavigera. Both species are known primarly from pitfall traps., Published as part of Levy, Gershom, 2007, Calommata (Atypidae) and new spider species (Araneae) from Israel, pp. 1-30 in Zootaxa 1551 on page 22, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.178107, {"references":["Cambridge, O. P. -. (1872) General list of the spiders of Palestine and Syria. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1872, 212 - 354.","Simon, E. (1875) Les Arachnides de France 2. Roret, Paris, 350 pp.","Levy, G. (1985) Araneae: Thomisidae. Fauna Palaestina, Arachnida II. Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem, 114 pp."]}

Ozyptila trux (Blackwall, 1846) MATERIAL. 1 ♀ (PSU- 3247), I, Picea forest with green moss, 23.IX.2003, O.L. Makarova; 1 ♀, I, Betula - Pinus forest, 22.V.2007, DK., Published as part of Esyunin, S. L. & Kazantsev, D. K, 2007, On the spider (Aranei) fauna of the Pechoro - Ilychskiy Reserve (North Urals), with the description of a new Agroeca species (Liocranidae), pp. 245-250 in Arthropoda Selecta 16 (4) on page 250, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.584085

Ozyptila utotchkini Marusik, 1991 Material examined:? 1♀, Sikhote-Alinskv Reserve, Blagodat �� noe Kordon, 44��56'N 136��32.6'E, 7- 12.07.1999, YS; 1 cf, Sikhote-Alinsky Reserve, Kabany Kordon, 45��08.3'N 135��52.7'E, 650-900 m, taiga, 30.06-4.07.1999, YS. COMMENTS. The second record in Russia and the northernmost point of the range. Described from Anuchino, Maritime Province, and later reported from Gansu [Logunov & Marusik, 1994], Judging to colour pattern and type of the epigyne, female listed in material is most probably conspecif�� ic with male. Earlier the female was unknown., Published as part of Marusik, Yuri M. & Koponen, Seppo, 2000, New data on spiders (Aranei) from the Maritime Province, Russian Far East, pp. 55-68 in Arthropoda Selecta 9 (1) on page 66, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.822713, {"references":["Marusik Yu. M., Logunov D. V. 1991. Spiders of the superfamily Amaurobioidea (Aranei) from Sakhalin and Kurily Islands / / Ibid. Vol. 70. No. 9. P. 87 - 94 [in Russian, with English summary],","Logunov D. V, Marusik Yu. M. 1994. A faunistic review of the crab spiders (Araneae, Thomisidae) from the Mountains of South Siberia / / Bull. Inst. r. Sci. nat. Belg, Entomol. Vol. 64. P. 177 - 197."]}

world, with 360 species listed in the latest version (9.0) of the world spider catalog (P l a t n i c k , 2008). Among them, 37 species are known for the Turkish fauna (P l a t n i c k , 2008; To p c u et al. 2005; L o g u n o v and D e m i r , 2006; L o g u n o v, 2006; D e m i r et al. 2006; 2008a, 2008b). They have stout bodies with strong legs and are usually found under stones or bark. They bear some resemblance to the genus Ozyptila Simon, 1864 but have the median ocular trapezium square or broader than long. The head region is generally furnished with fairly long spines whereas Ozyptila have shorter, club-shaped hairs. The abdominal patterns in Xysticus tend to be made up of triangles and bars, whereas Ozyptila generally have rounded marbling and swirls (Roberts, 1995). The spider fauna of Turkey, despite its outstanding zoogeographical interest, is rather poorly known when compared to other regions of the world. In this brief paper, we report X. marusiki Ono & Martens, 2005 as a new record for the Turkish araneofauna.

The genus Ozyptila Simon, 1864 contains 107 catalogued species distributed mainly in the Holarctic region (Platnick 2013). This genus has traditionally been regarded as a group of small ground-living thomisids with clavate setae related to Xysticus (Lehtinen 2002). Ten species were recorded from China (Song & Zhu, 1997; Platnick 2013). Species of Ozyptila can be distinguished from those of Xysticus by the presence of clavate body setae on the abdominal dorsum, the swollen femur, and the sparsely armed leg I (Dondale & Render 1978).

1960. Oxyoptila khasi Tikader, Proc. zool. Soc., Calcutta, 13 (2): 116. 1980. Oxyoptila khasi: Tikader, Fauna of India, Spiders: Araneae, 1(1): 80. Diagnosis: Cephalothorax slightly wider than long, anterior end abruptly narrowing. Eyes encircled by white tubercles, the anterior lateral eyes are the largest of all the eyes. Legs I & II larger than the III & IV. Abdomen ovate, clothed with clavate hair. Distribution: India: Shillong, Meghalaya., Published as part of Biswas, B. & Majumder, S. C., 1995, Araneae Spider. - Zoological Survey of India, pp. 93-128 in State Fauna Series 4 Fauna of Meghalaya Part 2, Zoological Survey of India on pages 115-116, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.847631

1864. Oxyptila Simon, Hist. Nat. Ar., 1: 439. 1964. Oxyptila: Basu, Sci. & Cult. Calcutta, 30 (3): 154. Type-species Oxyptila brevipes (Hahn). Distribution All tropical and sub-tropical countries and North temperate region of the world., Published as part of Biswas, B. & Majumder, S. C., 1995, Araneae Spider. - Zoological Survey of India, pp. 93-128 in State Fauna Series 4 Fauna of Meghalaya Part 2, Zoological Survey of India on page 115, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.847631

The crab spiders (Araneae: Thomisidae) collected from Hainan Island, China are studied. A total of 25 genera, 43 species are reported, including 12 new species, two new combinations and one new synonym. The new species are: Borboropactus brevidens sp. nov., Borboropactus edentatus sp. nov., Borboropactus longidens sp. nov., Lycopus longissimus sp. nov., Lysiteles furcatus sp. nov., Lysiteles leptosiphus sp. nov., Oxytate multa sp. nov., Ozyptila biprominula sp. nov., Paraborboropactus liangweii sp. nov., Paraborboropactus oblatus sp. nov., Thomisops altus sp. nov., Thomisus eminulus sp. nov. The species Philodamia gongi (Yin et al, 2004) comb. nov. is transferred from Tmarus and Sinothomisus hainanus (Song, 1994) comb. nov. from Xysticus. The species Lysiteles guangxiensis He & Hu, 1999 is a junior synonym of Alcimochthes limbatus Simon, 1885. The true females of B. hainanus Song, 1993 and Lysiteles minusculus Song & Chai, 1990 are described for the first time.

Ozyptila utotchikini Marusik in Marusik and Chevrizov (1990) was described from two male specimens from the Anuchino District of Maritime Province, Far East Russia. Since then it has also been reported from Sikhote-Alin’ Reserve (Marusik & Koponen 2001). Ozyptila utotchkini belongs to the Holarctic O. rauda-group which comprises about 10 species. The examination of both, newly collected material and specimens from museum collections from Maritime Province has uncovered the undescribed female of this species. Although collected previously, it was not known to be conspecific to the male of O. utotchkini, or a member of the O. rauda-group, as it has an unusual epigyne. Recently we recognized that O. utotchkini may represent a junior synonym of O. gasanensis Paik, 1985, known only from female holotype collected in Korea. The holotype of this species is not available (all types deposited in the private collection of K.Y. Paik were lost after his death). The goal of this paper is to describe both sexes of O. utotchkini to allow clarification of the status of the two Far Eastern species, O. gasanensis and O. utotchkini, in the future.

An investigation of spiders associated with rice fields in Arkansas was made to provide a foundation to evaluate spiders as predators of rice insect pests and mosquitoes. Using aquatic dip net and metal dipper, 1201 spider specimens were collected over four seasons, resulting in a checklist including 12 families, 30 genera and 40 species. Four new species records for Arkansas were recorded: Eperigone banski Ivie and Barrows, Erigone dentigera O.P.-Cambridge, Ozyptila creola Gertsch, and Zygoballus rufipes Peckham and Peckham. The composition of the spider population in rice fields was broken down into three guilds based on method of prey capture: web spinners, ambushers, hunters. The dominant guild was the hunting spiders (67.5%). The webspinners and ambushers constituted 32.1% and 0.4% of the total, respectively. The most abundant individual species of spiders were Pardosa milvina (Hentz), Glenognatha foxi (McCook) and Tetragnatha laboriosa Hentz. The population of spiders in rice fields treated with carbofuran insecticide was compared with populations from untreated fields. Carbofuran has little effect on spider populations in general but may decrease species diversity. Renewed interest in the ecological role of spiders has inspired a number of recent studies regarding spider predation in agroecosystems. Le Sar and Unzicker (1978) and Culin and Rust (1980) investigated spiders associated with soybeans. Dean et al. (1982) reviewed recent literature concerning spiders associated with cotton. Additional recent investigations with cotton include Lockey et al. (1979), Parencia et al. (1980), and Plagens (1983). Riechert and Lockley (1984) summarized current knowledge of spiders as biological control agents. To begin to understand the impact of spiders on agroecosystems, it is necessary to determine the species associated with a particular crop. This paper presents a preliminary report on spider species associated with rice in Arkansas and is intended to provide a foundation for evaluation of spiders as predators of rice insects and of mosquitoes, which breed in rice fields. Many recent studies on spider fauna of rice fields are from Asia. Faunal lists were presented by Okuma (1968) for Thailand and compared with those in Japan; by Chu and Okuma (1970) for Taiwan; and by Park and Kim (1973) and Okuma et al. (1978) for Korea. These workers observed a rich fauna associated with rice, with Chu and Okuma (1970) reporting as many as 60 species in 15 families. Considerable work was conducted in the People's Republic of China. In the United States, a significant study on spiders associated with rice was made in east Texas by Woods and Harrel (1976). They collected 752 specimens in 10 families and 44 species, and calculated monthly and total species diversity. The current investigation included four seasons of extensive rice field sampling to obtain population data on mosquito larvae and other arthropods associated with rice. The goal of the study was to provide a list of speTHE SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST 30(1):119-127 MARCH 27, 1985 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.138 on Sun, 26 Jun 2016 07:16:25 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms The Southwestern Naturalist cies, to compare populations from carbofuran-treated fields with those from untreated fields, and to compare populations from fields stocked with predator fish with those from unstocked fields. MATERIALS AND METHODS.-The larger investigation of rice field arthropods involved four separate smaller studies, each conducted by different personnel; consequently, there are similar but different sampling schemes for the 1978-81 seasons. It is important to note that sampling was primarily for mosquito larvae and the spiders collected were incidentally associated with these habitats. Thus there was sampling bias against the upper plant strata. In the 1978 season, a total of nine rice fields was sampled, all in Arkansas County near Stuttgart. These included six commercial fields and three fields on the University of Arkansas Rice Branch Experiment Station at Stuttgart. Three fields were treated with carbofuran, an insecticide used for control of the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus). One field was stocked with mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis (Baird and Girard) and green sunfish Lepomis cyanellus (Rafinesque), both predatory on mosquito larvae. The remaining five fields were treated only with propanil, a common herbicide used for weed control in rice. Sampling was performed with a standard 450 ml metal dipper and a triangular aquatic dip net, 33.6 cm along the bottom edge and covering 1 m/sweep. Three locations were sampled in each field: ditch, pan edge, and pan center. Ten random dips and 10 random sweeps were taken from each of the three locations with three replicates for a total of 90 dips and 90 sweeps. Spiders and all other organisms were retained for laboratory study and preserved in 70% ethanol. Sampling was done weekly from early June when the rice was approximately 15 cm in height to early August when the rice matured. In 1979, seven rice fields were sampled. Five fields were located in southeast Arkansas, three in Desha and two in Ashley County. Two fields were located in east central Arkansas, one each in Arkansas and in St. Francis County. In 1980, six fields were sampled, two fields in Arkansas, two in St. Francis, and two in Ashley County. All fields were commercial fields treated with herbicides with no insecticide applications. The sampling technique was similar to the technique used in 1978, except sweep samples were made with a 30.5 cm/side D-frame net. One sample was made from the three locations in each field. Sampling was made weekly from early June to early August. In 1981, four fields were sampled. All were commercial fields located in Arkansas County near Stuttgart. Two fields contained mosquitofish and green sunfish, and two were without fish. Sampling was by dipper only. Twelve hundred dips were made in each field. On 25 June, only two fields were sampled. From 30 June to 14 July samples were made twice a week from all four fields. After 14 July samples were made weekly. In the laboratory, spider specimens were identified by the senior author with the aid of a dissecting microscope. Immature specimens were identified to genus unless specific identification was possible from field characters such as markings and coloration. All adult specimens were identified to species using the most recent literature available. The following taxonomic works were used: Oecobiidae (Shear, 1970); Araneidae (Berman and Levi, 1971. Levi, 1968, 1980, 1981); Pisauridae (Carico, 1973); Lycosidae (Wallace and Exline, 1978); Oxyopidae (Brady, 1964); Clubionidae (Dondale and Redner, 1982); Thomisidae (Dondale and Redner, 1978); and Salticidae (Richman, 1978). Kaston (1948) was consulted for groups for which no recent literature was available. When necessary, genitalia were dissected according to the technique of Levi (1965). All specimens were preserved in 70% ethanol and deposited in the University of Arkansas spider collection. Data analysis included density and species diversity. Density is reported as specimens per 100 dip-sweeps, as both dips and sweeps were made in equal numbers for each field. Species diversity was determined using the Shannon-Weaver index H' = p logbpi, where pi = the proportion of the ith species in the total sample (Price, 1975). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.-A total of 1201 spiders was collected for the entire study, including 12 families, 30 genera and 41 species. Table 1 includes a checklist of species of spiders collected. The arrangement of groups is modified from Kaston (1978). Species not identified to genus represent immature specimens that were not determined with reasonable certainty. The list includes four new records for Arkansas: Eperigone banksi 120 vol. 30, no. 1 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.138 on Sun, 26 Jun 2016 07:16:25 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Heiss and Meisch-Spiders Associated With Rice TABLE 1.-List of spider species collected from Arkansas rice 1978-1981.