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The advent of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in modern oncology has significantly improved survival in several cancer settings. A subgroup of women with breast cancer (BC) has immunogenic infiltration of lymphocytes with expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). These patients may potentially benefit from ICI targeting the programmed death 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 signaling axis. The use of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) as predictive and prognostic biomarkers has been under intense examination. Emerging data suggest that TILs are associated with response to both cytotoxic treatments and immunotherapy, particularly for patients with triple-negative BC. In this review from The International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group, we discuss (a) the biological understanding of TILs, (b) their analytical and clinical validity and efforts toward the clinical utility in BC, and (c) the current status of PD-L1 and TIL testing across different continents, including experiences from low-to-middle-income countries, incorporating also the view of a patient advocate. This information will help set the stage for future approaches to optimize the understanding and clinical utilization of TIL analysis in patients with BC. ispartof: NPJ BREAST CANCER vol:7 issue:1 ispartof: location:United States status: published

Introduction: Previous studies have suggested an association between cardiovascular disease and rosacea. However, there is still a paucity of data regarding its association with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods: The components of MetS were evaluated in 100 rosacea patients and 100 controls. Results: MetS was determined in 44% of the rosacea patients and 35% of the controls. Although the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.193), rosacea patients were more likely to have dyslipidaemia (p

PubMed ID: 26241532, OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of diffusion- weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWMRI) for differentation between Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty patients (27 Graves diseases and 23 Hashimoto thyroiditis) and twenty healthy volunteers were examined using T1, T2 and DWMRI. The patients were diagnosed on the basis of physical findings and the results of thyroid function tests and serological tests. Circular ROIs were positioned on the bilateral thyroid lobes and isthmus. All measurements were repeated three different b values including 100, 600 and 1000 s/mm2 in all cases. ADC (Apparent diffusion coefficient) maps were calculated automatically with the MR system. RESULTS: Mean ADC values were 2.93 × 10-3, 1.97 × 10-3 and 1.62 × 10-3 mm2/s in the healthy volunteers; 3.47 × 10-3, 2.25 × 10-3 and 1.64 × 10-3 Mm2/s in Graves' disease; 2.53 × 10-3, 1.76 × 10-3, 1.28 × 10-3 mm2/s in Hashimoto thyroiditis for b100, b600 and b1000, respectively. The ADC values of the Graves diseases were higher than healty volunteers and Hashimoto thyroiditis. ADC values were statistically significant for differentation between Hashimoto thyroiditis and Graves' disease all b values (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: DWMRI is fast sequence and does not require contrast agent. Quantitative assessment of the lesion is possible using ADC map. So, DWMRI may be useful differentiation of the Hashimoto thyroiditis and Graves' disease.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of polymorphisms of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and death receptor (DR4) genes in bladder cancer susceptibility in a Turkish population. Materials and Methods: The study group included 91 bladder cancer patients, while the control group comprised 139 individuals with no evidence of malignancy. Gene polymorphisms of TRAIL C1595T (rs1131580) and DR4 C626G (rs4871857) were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. Results: The frequency of the TRAIL 1595 TT genotype was significantly lower in patients with bladder cancer compared to controls (p

In this work, seven copolymers possessing thienothiophene and mesitylboron units were prepared. Incorporation of triphenylamine (TPA) and tetraphenylethene (TPE) into TT unit was probed to enhance their light-emitting efficiencies. Density functional theory investigations of the model compounds revealed the presence of an intramolecular charge transfer transition between the donor TT units and the boron acceptor atom. Among the seven TT-boron copolymers, four of them were used for the fabrication of polymer light emitting diodes 9PLEDs) and two of the devices exhibited pure white color according to the CIE. Although the efficiencies of the devices are low, as this study is the first example of thienothiophene inverted perpendicular inverted perpendicular-boron copolymers emitting white color, they are promising examples for future studies.

Dyspepsia with mild, stabbing epigastric discomfort without history of trauma is a very common symptom that emergency physicians see in their daily practice. Vascular emergencies, mostly the aortic dissection and aneurysm, are always described in the differential diagnosis with persistent symptoms. Isolated celiac artery dissection occurring spontaneously is a very rare diagnosis. The involvement of branch vessels is generally observed and patients show various clinical signs and symptoms according to the involved branch vessel. Here we are presenting a case with spontaneous isolated celiac artery dissection, without any branch vessel involvement or visceral damage, detected by computed tomography scans taken on admission.

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Background: The present study aimed to evaluate the role of functional polymorphisms of apoptosis-associated Fatty acid synthase (FAS) and fatty acid synthase ligand (FASL) genes in bladder cancer susceptibility as first presentation in a Turkish population. Patients and Methods: Genotypes of 91 patients with bladder cancer and 101 healthy controls were evaluated for the polymorphism of FAS-1377 G/A and FASL-844 T/C genes by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Results: The frequency of the FAS-1377 G allele was significantly higher in patients with bladder cancer compared to controls (p

Günümüzde hemen hemen her öğrencinin cep telefonu, bilgisayar ve internet teknolojilerine erişim imkânı bulunmaktadır. Öğrenciler onları sadece eğitim amacıyla değil, aynı zamanda bu teknolojileri hayatlarının bir parçası olarak kullanmaktadırlar. FATİH Projesi, teknolojik cihazların orta ve liselere entegrasyonunu amaçlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda okullar kablosuz internet bağlantısı ve etkileşimli tahtalar ile donatılmaya başlanmıştır. Tablet bilgisayarlar da proje kapsamında öğretmen ve öğrencilere ücretsiz sağlanmaktadır. Öğrenme sürecini geliştirmek için bu teknolojilerin öğrenme-öğretme ortam ve süreçlerinde kullanılması hedeflenmektedir. Bununla birlikte, bu teknolojilerin mevcut/gelecekteki faydalarından başka olası olumsuz etkileri de bulunabilmektedir. Öğrenciler bu teknolojileri güvenli bir şekilde kullanmazlarsa, siber mağduriyetler ve bilgi güvenliği tehditleri karşılaşacakları olası durumlar arasındadır. Bu nedenle, öğrencilerin güvenli bilgi ve iletişim teknolojisi kullanma konusundaki farkındalıklarının araştırılması önemlidir. Bu bağlamda, gerçekleştirilen araştırmanın amacı, lise öğrencilerinin bilgi güvenliği farkındalıklarını araştırmaktır. Araştırmanın bu bölümü, araştırma modeli, veri toplama aracı, verilerin analizi ve yorumlanması hakkında bilgi içermektedir. Araştırmada tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Tarama modelleri, geçmişte var olan veya halen var olan bir durumu tanımlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma Türkiye'nin kuzeyinde yer alan bir ildeki FATİH Projesi pilot okullarında öğrenim gören lise öğrencileri üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada örnekleme yöntemi olarak, bir tür olasılıklı olmayan örnekleme olan amaçlı örnekleme yapılmıştır. FATİH Projesinin pilot okulları kriter olarak seçilmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri, araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen Bilgi Güvenliği Farkındalığı Anketi aracılığıyla elde edilmiştir. İlk aşamada, anketin kaba bir taslağı, alanyazın taramasına dayanarak oluşturulmuştur. Ardından, dört eğitim teknolojisi uzmanından anketi, geçerliğinin bir parçası olarak gözden geçirmesi istenmiştir. İçerik geçerliğini sağlamak için uzmanların geribildirimlerine uygun olarak ankette düzeltme ve gözden geçirme işlemleri yapılmıştır. Anket maddelerinin okunabilirliği ve anlaşılabilirliği için 10 öğrenci üzerinde bir pilot çalışma yapılmıştır. Katılımcıların anlamadığı maddeler gözden geçirilmiş ve anket son şekli verilmek üzere revize edilmiştir. Ayrıca demografik bilgilerle ilgili sorular da ankete dâhil edilmiştir. Verileri analiz etmede betimleyici istatistikler için frekans ve yüzde tabloları oluşturulacaktır. Araştırma sonucunda öğrencilerin bilgi güvenliği konusundaki farkındalıkları, yüksek ve düşük farkındalık boyutları ile ilgili durumlar tartışılacaktır. Ayrıca, öğrencilerin farkındalığını artırmak için öneriler sunulacaktır. Nowadays, almost every student has access to mobilephone, computer and internet technologies. Not only students can make use of them for educational purpose, but also they use these technologies as a part of their life. FATIH Project intends integration of technological devices to secondary and high schools. In this regard, schools are provided with wireless internet connection and equipped with interactive smart boards. Tablets are supplied free to teachers and students. They are expected to use these technologies for promoting learning process. However, there are possible adverse impacts besides its current/future benefits. If students do not use these technologies safely, cyber victimization behaviors and information security threatening are possible cases that they would face. Therefore, students’ awareness of using secure information and communication technology must be investigated. In the light of the discussions presented, the aim of this study is to investigate aspects ofinformation security awareness of high school students. This section of the study includes information on research model, data collection tool and analysis and interpretation of the data. Survey model is used in this study. Survey methods aim to define a condition, which existed in the past or still exists, as it is. The study was carried out with high schools students who study at the pilot schools in FATIH Project in a northern city of Turkey. The sampling method was purposive sampling as a kind of nonprobability sampling. The pilot schools of FATIH Project were chosen as criterion. The data of the study were collected via Information Security Awareness Survey that was designed by the researchers. At first, a rough draft of the survey was created based onthe literature review. Then, four educational technology experts were asked for reviewing the survey as part of validity. Correction and revision on the survey was fulfilled in accordance with experts’ feedback in order to ensure content validity. A pilotstudy among 10 students was conducted for the survey items’ readability and understandability. The items’ statements that the participants did not understand were reviewed and revised to finalize the survey. Questions about demographic information were also included in the measuring instrument. To analyze the data, frequency and percentage tables will be created for descriptive analysis. At the end of the study, circumstances about students’ awareness of information security and its high and low characteristics will be discussed. Also, recommendations to raise the awareness of the students will be presented.

Two novel D-A (donor-acceptor) and one D-A-D small molecules containing mesitylborane as an acceptor and triphenylamine as a donor, linked through a thieno[3,2-b]thiophene p-conjugated spacer, are synthesized and characterized. Their photo- and electrochemical properties were investigated by experimental and computational studies. The emission quantum efficiencies were determined to be between 46% and 68% in THF. Their solid-state quantum yields were recorded up to 42%. The fabricated electroluminescent devices as emitting materials showed sky-blue to yellowish green emissions. Their devices exhibit high performance with a turn-on voltage, maximal brightness, and highest luminescence efficiency of up to 4.0 V, 1200 cd m(-2) and 1.13 cd A(-1), respectively. These results pave new avenues for the future molecules possessing D and A units connected via fused thiophenes.

Gyrodactylus alviga is a generalist species reported in many Black Sea fish species, but whiting is known to be its main host. It is the only monogenean parasite that has been reported so far on the skin, fins and gills of whiting Merlangius merlangus in the Black Sea. A total of 690 fish from Turkey and 423 fish from Russia were examined to detect parasites. Infection indices of prevalence, mean intensity and mean abundance values were calculated for length classes and sex of fish, as well as for the seasons. There is a gradual increase in infection indices in relation with increasing host length classes and there are higher infection indices on female fish. Furthermore, despite lower prevalence indices in spring and winter, higher parasite intensity values were determined in these seasons. It is concluded that larger fish provided more space and food for G. alviga, and female fish were more parasitized as they were more active in searching for food, which enables the parasite to switch between hosts. In addition, winter and spring were more appropriate for reproduction of G. alviga.

Introduction: The potential effects of serum albumin and albumin-globulin rate on survival were investigated in patients with gastric carcinoma. Materials and methods: The biochemical values of 204 patients under chemotherapy evaluation were obtained retrospectively from archive data. Albumin-globulin ratio values were calculated using albumin/total protein-albumin formula. The values of albumin- globulin ratio and albumin were categorized as 3 groups using receiver operating characteristic analysis and a descending order. Results: The calculated cut-off value for albumin-globulin ratio was 1.14: 34.4-79.7 by receiver operating characteristic. The median survival was 20.7 months (15.9-25.5), 20.1 months (15.1-25.1), 16 months (11.8-20.1 ), respectively in 1st, 2nd, 3rt groups for albumin-globulin ratio (p=0.46). The median overall survival was 18.3 months (12.3-24.2), 21.6 months (16.8-26.3), 18.01 months (13.5-22.4) in 1st, 2nd, 3rt groups for albumin, respectively (p=0.52). There were no statistical significant differences by Kaplan- Meier method for albumin-globulin ratio, albumin p > 0.05. The effects of clinicopathological and biochemical characteristics on mortality were assessed by Cox-proportional hazard regression analysis. The independent predictors of mortality were observed high grade, the presence of perineural invasion of the tumor, high nodal involvement (p:0.01, p:0.001, p:0.01), respectively. Conclusion: Albumin-globulin ratio and albumin values alone may not be useful parameters to predict mortality and survival in patients with gastric carcinoma.