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Sports injuries are caused by physical activity that is done to spend leisure time or a more specialized purpose. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of psychological skills (basic, cognitive and psychosomatic) in reducing traumatic student injury at the University of Trabzon. The method of this research is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population includes all Trabzon University athletic students, which is equal to 320 people. To determine the sample size, the Cochran's sample size estimation formula was used and the number of samples was 175, which were selected by gender by stratified random sampling method. First, to report sports injuries to describe the extent of injuries in the limbs (upper limbs, lower limbs and trunk) and various parts of the body (joints, muscles and bones), the report form of sports injuries was used and to measure athletes' mental skills, the OMSAT-3, psychological skills questionnaire was used. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Due to the normality of the data in psychological tests and the occurrence of sports injuries, logistic regression was used. The research findings show that the total score of the Omest-3 test (OR = 0.66, P = 0.03) affects the occurrence of player injuries, as well as the score of basic psychological skills (OR = 0.82, P = 0.04) on the occurrence of player injuries and ultimately the score of psychosomatic skills (OR = 1.17, P = 0.002) affects the occurrence of player injuries. But in the case of cognitive skills, the effect of this variable and its dimensions on player damage is not significant. As a result, it can be said that basic psychological skills and psychosomatic skills of athletic students reduce the harm to these athletes.

In direct proportion to the development of Turkiye's relations with Africa, the number of studies on bilateral relations is also increasing. However, the Action Plan for Opening to Africa, which was prepared in 1998, is a milestone in Turkiye's relations with Africa and has not been examined specifically and in-depth. This study aims to examine all aspects of the Action Plan for Opening to Africa, which plays a founding role in Turkiye's Africa policy. In this context, the focus is on the content of the plan, the internal and external developments that brought it about, and the role of foreign policymakers who put these developments through the filter of their perception. To guide the analysis of these issues focused on in the study, role theory and documentary source screening based on Ministry of Foreign Affairs sources were used to examine the Action Plan. As a result of the study, it has been observed that the systemic conditions affecting Turkish foreign policy after the Cold War and the Action Plan put forward as a visionary foreign policy step by Ismail Cem, who served as the foreign minister, especially under the conditions of coalition governments, played a founding role in Turkiye's relations with the continent. Keywords: Opening Action Plan, Africa, Ismail Cem, Role Theory, Turkish Foreign Policy, Introduction Turkiye-Africa relations have seen incomparably faster development in the last quarter of a century. In the process that started with the Action Plan for Opening to Africa in 1998, [...]

This study seeks to assess the extent to which EU-funded projects administered by schools and other institutions are aligned with the strategic priorities adopted by Turkey's Ministry of National Education (MoNE). With this objective in mind, the thematic distributions of projects in the field of special needs education were examined and the policy priorities stated in documents composed by MoNE were comparatively evaluated. The study followed a qualitative research model by conducting document analysis to inspect a total of 158 Erasmus+ projects funded by the EU between 2012 and 2017. The projects were analyzed according to their numerical and financial distributions by year, geographical region, institution type, and disabled groups within the target population. Furthermore, content analysis was applied to examine projects' thematic distributions. The study concluded that project funds are disproportionately distributed to institution types, target groups, and geographical regions and that projects' strategic alignment with Ministry policies needs to be strengthened, especially in terms of how project funds are used. Finally, it is recommended that the distribution and use of international funds be structured in line with the policy priorities adopted by the Turkish National Education System and that cooperation between policy makers and executers not only in the allocation of funds but also in their administrative, financial, and legal management processes be strengthened.

Purpose: To investigate whether patients undergoing percutaneous liver mass biopsy (PLMB) can be safely discharged following a two‐hour monitoring period. Methods: A multi‐center prospective analysis was conducted for 375 patients (196 males and 179 females), mean age 63 ± 12.45 years (range 37–89) who underwent PLMB between August 2023 and March 2024. Patients were monitored for 24 h, and complications were classified as minor or major. The timing of complications was categorized into three groups: within the first two hours, between the 2nd and 24th hours, and within 1 week after 24 hours. Results: Minor complications occurred in 18.93% (71/375) and major complications in 2.13% (8/375). Most minor complications (80.2%, 57/71) appeared within the first two hours, 12.7% (9/71) between 2 and 24 h, and 7.1% (5/71) after 24 h. All major complications (62.5%, 5/8) except late‐onset cases, occurred within the first two hours. No major complications occurred between 2 and 24 h. Late‐onset major complications occurred in 37.5% (3/8) after 24 h. Conclusion: The two‐hour monitoring period did not adversely impact patient management regarding minor complications and is safe for identifying all major complications except for late‐onset ones. Extending the post‐biopsy recovery period does not significantly improve patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mushrooms are widely used in many cultures for nutritional and health benefits. The Lactarius species is found in the Aegean region of Turkey. Lactarius chrysorrheus Fr. is a wild mushroom that contains a milky juice. In this study, we investigated the in vitro cytotoxic potential and apoptotic effect of the polysaccharide extract prepared from L. chrysorrheus by water extraction and alcohol precipitation using the tetrazolium MTT dye assay, annexin V staining, wound healing and colony formation, and qRT-PCR. The molecular weights of three peaks observed in HPLC chromatograms were calculated as 1869.9, 3043.92 and 16821.47 Da. The extract exhibited cytotoxic activity at 72 h, with an IC50 value of 296.42 μg/mL in HepG2 and 444.43 μg/mL in PANC-1 cells; the extract that was tested on the normal HEK293 cell line exhibited no cytotoxicity. Further, L. chrysorrheus upregulated the expression of CASPASE 3 and CASPASE 9 while downregulating B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) and B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL) genes, and inhibited cell migration and colony formation in HepG2 and PANC-1 cells. This study provides new insight into the use of the polysaccharide from L. chrysorrheus in the development of novel anticancer agents.

Thyroid nodules are a prevalent health issue in society. Interventional radiological methods are successfully applied for both the diagnosis and treatment of nodules. Diagnostically, a fine-needle aspiration biopsy and a core needle biopsy can be performed to ascertain the benign or malignant nature of a lesion. In recent years, imaging-guided percutaneous treatment methods have become popular in the treatment of thyroid nodules. Aspiration, ablation, and embolization are techniques employed in the treatment process. In this study, we aimed to discuss the current role of interventional radiology in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid nodules, which occupy an important place in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Biliary strictures can occur as a result of various benign or malignant processes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and reliability of percutaneous endobiliary brush biopsy in the diagnosis of intrabiliary lesions. Materials and Methods: This retrospective, single-center study was conducted between January 2022 and April 2023, involving a total of 16 patients. Of the patients, 10 were male (62.5%), and 6 were female (37.5%). The average age of the patients was 68.1±8. All patients underwent the procedure using an endobiliary biopsy brush under ultrasound and fluoroscopic guidance. Results: Technical success was achieved in all patients (100%). Cell detection was not observed in biopsy samples from 2 patients (12.5%), resulting in a diagnostic success rate of 87.5%. Access was made to the right biliary system in 14 patients (87.5%) and to the left biliary system in 2 patients (12.5%). Biopsy locations included the common bile duct in 12 patients (75%), hepatic hilum in 2 patients (12.5%), and bilioenteric anastomosis line in 2 patients (12.5%). The mean fluoroscopy time was 16.2±7.1 minutes. The average radiation dose was 660±370 mSv. Pathological diagnosis revealed malignancy in 8 patients (50%) and benign findings in 6 patients (37.5%). Liver abscess requiring drainage developed in 2 patients (12.5%). Conclusion: Percutaneous endobiliary brush biopsy performed under imaging guidance is an effective and reliable method for the diagnosis of biliary lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]