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Objective: Congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) can have severe early and late sequelae in children. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the demographic, clinical, treatment characteristics of patients diagnosed with congenital Toxoplasma infection and to highlight the long-term complications of the patients. Methods: Patients with CT were included in this study who were followed between 2010 and 2022 in Cukurova University Medical Faculty Hospital. Demographic, clinical and treatment characteristics were searched retrospectively. In the diagnosis of maternal and CT, Toxoplasma IgM, IgG, IgG avidity, T. gondii polymerase chain reaction tests were used along with clinical and symptoms. Results: Eighteen children (two twins) with CT and their mothers (n=16) were included in the study. Median age was 1 month. Ten (55.5%) of the children were male. CT diagnosis was made during pregnancy in 7 mothers (resulting in 8 babies) and postnatally in 9 mothers (resulting in 10 babies). The mothers of 5 (31.1%) babies with CT received spiramycin treatment during pregnancy. Three (60%) of 5 pregnant women who received spiramycin were diagnosed in the first trimester, 4 (80%) of the babies did not have any sequale and only 1 (20%) had microphthalmia. Ocular involvement was the most common presentation of the disease occured in 10 patients (55.5%), hydrocephalus and intracranial calcification developed in five patients (27.7%). Hearing loss developed in 2 (11.1%) patients. During the follow-up period, seizures developed in 3 patients (16.6%), microcephaly in 2 patients (11.1%), and neurodevolopmental retardation in 7 patients (38.8%), two of the patients had severe mental retardation. One (5.5%) patient with hydrocephalus died at 36 months of age due to complications after ventriculoperitoneal shunt application. Conclusion: In our study, we observed severe sequelae in vision, hearing, and neurodevelopmental aspects in children diagnosed with CT at birth and during follow-ups. Early diagnosis and treatment of infants, along with the detection of Toxoplasma infection during pregnancy, are essential in preventing severe sequelae that may arise due to CT.

Background: Premature ovarian failure describes women under 40 who usually present with amenorrhea, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, and infertility. Quercetin is an antioxidant flavonol. Quercetin’s oxidative, kinase and cell cycle inhibitor activities are known. Our study aimed to examine the efficacy of Quercetin on premature ovarian failure. Methods: Forty-eight regular-cycled adult female Wistar rats weighing 200 ± 40 grams, 10–12 weeks old, were used in the study. They were randomly divided into four groups with 12 animals. Four groups are Control, Cyclophosphamide, Cyclophosphamide + Quercetin (100 mg/kg) and Quercetin (100 mg/kg) groups. At the end of the experiment, the ovarian tissues were quickly removed. Follicles were counted to determine the ovarian reserve. Serum was extracted, and an Anti-Müllerian hormone analysis was performed. RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction) from ovarian tissue performed mRNA expression analysis of the Ddx4 gene. Results: As a result of Cyclophosphamide administration, it was determined that there was a decrease in both early-stage follicles and total follicles. This decrease was also statistically significant (p < 0.05). Anti-Müllerian hormone levels were significantly lower in the group given Cyclophosphamide (p < 0.01). On the histological examination, the number of early-stage and total follicles was significantly decreased in the Cyclophosphamide group compared to the control group, and those of the Cyclophosphamide + Quercetin were very close to that of the control group. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels were also significantly lower in the Cyclophosphamide group compared to the control, but they were recovered to the level of the control group by Quercetin treatment. Conclusions: Our study may prove that Quercetin can protect ovarian function against Cyclophosphamide-induced ovarian damage.

Holoprosencephaly is a disorder of cleavage failure or incomplete differentiation of the forebrain structures. Chromosomal anomalies and environmental teratogenic factors play a role in its development. We reported 22 cases of holoprosencephaly diagnosed between the years 2011-2020 in our clinic.

Evaluation of trauma during pregnancy puts forth a difference from other traumas in forensic medicine. The purpose of this study is to investigate forensic cases of trauma happened in pregnancy, share the findings with the literature and to scrutinize the legal procedures during this period. Applied trauma cases between 1stjanuary 2010 and 31st december 2019 were evaluated retrospectively by forensic medicine clinic of EskisehirOsmangazi University Medical Faculty . Of these cases, pregnant women were included to the study. Data including age, pregnancy week, origin of the event, physical findings of the trauma, effects of the trauma to the pregnancy outcome and whether radiologic examination could be done, were interpret. 174 trauma cases were perused in this scope of the study. Of these, 61 (35.1%) were subjected to violence, 113 traumas (64.9%) were due to accident. 6 (3.4%) pregnant women had lethal injury, 45 cases (25.9%) needed stationary treatment and 3 had pregnancy loss due to trauma. Our findings were concordant with the literature. Effects of trauma on fetus should be determined by the clinical evaluation of the documents recorded during obstetric follow-up in the hospital. Forensically, estimation of the effects of trauma on the pregnancy outcome should be determined by studying collaboratively with the other medical sciences especially obstetrics and gynecology. [Med-Science 2020; 9(4.000): 1041-4]

Introduction: The use of contraceptive method is the voluntary prevention of conception through the use of various devices, sexual practices, chemicals, drugs, or surgical procedures. The relationship between oral contraceptives and gynecological cancer has been known for a long time. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between gynecological cancers and the use of contraceptive methods. Methods: This is a retrospective study. The information of various gynecological cancer patients who were operated in our hospital was scanned backwards over a five-year period. 41 cervix, 70 endometrial, 58 ovarian cancer cases, which were operated in a five-year period, were included in the study. 61 cases operated as myoma uteri cases were used as control group. The data obtained from the forms were analyzed using the SPSS program. Analysis of Variance and T-Test were used as statistical analysis. Results: When the results of the study are analyzed, it is seen that the most commonly used contraceptive method in ovarian and endometrial cancers is the intra uterine device. Oral contraceptives are the most commonly used method in cervical cancer. In terms of age distribution, there is a statistically significant difference between the control group and all cancer cases. When IUD and condom use in ovarian cancer cases were compared with the control group, no statistical difference was found. Similarly, the use of OCS and IUD in endometrial cancer cases was compared with the control group, no statistical difference was found. Conclusion: Contraceptive methods attract attention as simple and safe tools that can be effective in the prevention of gynecological cancers. The use of these agents and devices in cancer types with familial predisposition may contribute to the prevention of cancer. This is extremely important for public health.

Introduction: Many women and men of reproductive age want to regulate their fertility. Among the contraceptive methods, intrauterine devices are especially preferred. However, the most important disadvantage of the intrauterine devices is pelvic infection. In this retrospective study, the aim was to examine the relationship between IUD use and pelvic infection. Methods: Our research was planned as a retrospective study. 76 women diagnosed with pelvic infection in our hospital constitute the case group, and 80 women who applied to the outpatient clinic with different gynecological problems other than infection constitute the control group. The contraceptive method used by the participants was determined from the information obtained. The contraceptive method last used by the participants in the reproductive period was taken as a basis. Results: There was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of age, parity, gravida, and the number of living children (p>0.05). It was determined that the frequency of pelvic infection was higher in intrauterine devices users compared to the control group. This is also statistically significant (p

ABSTRACT The etiology of bacterial meningitis in Turkey changed after the implementation of conjugated vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) in the Turkish National Immunization Program (NIP). Administration of Hib vaccine and PCV-7 (7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine) was implemented in NIP in 2006 and 2009, respectively. In 2011, PCV-7 was replaced with PCV-13. Meningococcal vaccines have not yet been included in Turkish NIP. This prospective study comprised 27 hospitals located in seven regions of Turkey and represented 45% of the population. Children aged between 1 month and 18 years who were hospitalized with suspected meningitis were included. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected, and bacterial identification was made according to the multiplex PCR assay results. During the study period, 994 children were hospitalized for suspected meningitis, and Hib (n = 3, 2.4%), S. pneumoniae (n = 33, 26.4%), and Neisseria meningitidis (n = 89, 71%) were detected in 125 samples. The most common meningococcal serogroup was MenB. Serogroup W comprised 13.9% (n = 5) and 7.5% (n = 4) of the meningococci in 2015 to 2016 and 2017 to 2018, respectively. Serogroup C was not detected. There were four deaths in the study; one was a pneumococcus case, and the others were serogroup B meningococcus cases. The epidemiology of meningococcal diseases has varied over time in Turkey. Differing from the previous surveillance periods, MenB was the most common serogroup in the 2015-to-2018 period. Meningococcal epidemiology is so dynamic that, for vaccination policies, close monitoring is crucial. IMPORTANCE Acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) is one of the most common life-threatening infections in children. The incidence and prevalence of ABM vary both geographically and temporally; therefore, surveillance systems are necessary to determine the accurate burden of ABM. The Turkish Meningitis Surveillance Group has been performing a hospital-based meningitis surveillance study since 2005 across several regions in Turkey. Meningococcus was the major ABM-causing agent during the 2015-to-2018 period, during which MenB was the dominant serogroup.

Glanders is a rare zoonotic disease caused by Burkholderia mallei (B. mallei). B. mallei can cause pneumonia, abscesses, osteomyelitis in severe cases, sepsis, and even death in humans. In this report, we present a 15-year-old male patient living in a rural area who was diagnosed with glanders. The patient, who did not have any previous disease, was followed up with a diagnosis of pneumonia in the hospital, where he was admitted with complaints of cough and abdominal pain and presented to us with pain, redness, and swelling in his leg. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lower extremity revealed osteomyelitis in the fourth and fifth metatarsals of the right foot. B. mallei growth was detected in the abscess culture. Meropenem treatment was started. The patient's symptoms regressed with treatment. The patient was discharged with oral ciprofloxacin for B. mallei eradication. Glanders are usually transmitted through direct contact with infected animals, especially single-hoofed animals such as horses, or through inhalation of aerosols containing B. mallei. It is a rare disease-causing pneumonia and abscesses and can be life-threatening in severe cases. Diagnosis of glanders is difficult because the initial symptoms are non-specific. Isolation of B. mallei in culture is the gold standard for diagnosing the disease. There is no clear recommendation for treating glanders and imipenem; meropenem ceftazidime can be used based on antibiotic susceptibility tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The authors examined the effect of previously described facial proportions and facial asymmetry on the perception of beauty and attractiveness. The optimal values of four different facial ratios and the optimal degree of asymmetry were examined. Methods: In this study, 10 faces were adjusted to reference values and -5%, -2.5%, +2.5%, and +5% deformations were created. Participants were asked to select via online survey the most and least attractive face between 5 photographs of the same person with different facial ratio values. Finally, split-face imaging was used to generate right and left-symmetrical images. These images along with the original images were questioned to determine the most and least attractive. Results: The most attractive face was closer to the reference ratio, whereas the least attractive face was most distant from the reference. Both left and right symmetrical faces were considered less attractive than natural asymmetrical faces. Conclusion: Standardized “golden” ratios are effective reference points for the perception of facial attractiveness although deviation from these proportions does not always imply that a face will not be perceived as attractive, as some degree of asymmetry also contributes to facial attractiveness and beauty.

Anthrax is a rare zoonotic disease in humans caused by Bacillus anthracis. The most common form of this disease is cutaneous anthrax. Rarely, eye involvement may occur. In this case, a nine-year-old male patient with anthrax on his left eyelids is presented. From the patient's history, it was learned that a slight papular reaction occurred on the left side of the eye, then the lesion enlarged within three days, and edema developed around the eye. On the fifth day of the patient's preseptal cellulitis diagnosis, progress in eye lesions and necrosis and eschar formation around the eyes were detected, while Bacillus anthracis polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positivity was detected on the fifth day of the patient's complaints. The patient was treated with ciprofloxacin and clindamycin and a clinical response was achieved. Anthrax should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of preseptal and orbital cellulitis, especially in patients who have close contact with animals. If palpebral anthrax is not treated effectively on time, it can leave scars on the eyelids and cause permanent deformities and loss of function. Early diagnosis and initiation of antibiotic therapy significantly reduce the occurrence of complications. In this case report, a pediatric case with eyelid anthrax, which is rarely seen in anthrax disease, is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT In recent years, the incidence and drug resistance of Candida parapsilosis have increased. Our study aimed to determine the antifungal sensitivity of C. parapsilosis and the clinical and demographic characteristics of children with candidemia. Two hundred pediatric patients with C. parapsilosis candidemia were included in the study between 1 January 2010 and 1 August 2023. Clinical samples were evaluated on a BACTEC-FX-40 automatic blood culture device (Becton Dickinson, USA). Yeast isolates were identified to the species level via identification cards (YST) using the VITEK 2 Compact (bioMeriéux, France) system. Antifungal susceptibility was performed using antifungal cell cards (AST-YST01). Approval for the study was received from the “University Faculty of Medicine” Hospital Clinical Research Ethics Committee. Non-catheter candidemia was detected in 127 (63.5%) patients, and catheter-related candidemia was detected in 73 (36.5%) patients. It was observed that the patients’ history of malignancy, mechanical ventilation, urinary catheter, nasogastric tube, and intensive care unit stay was associated with C. parapsilosis mortality. The mortality rate from candidemia was 9.5%. The most frequently preferred antifungal agents were amphotericin B and fluconazole. The fluconazole drug resistance rate was found to be 6%, and the amphotericin B drug resistance rate was 4%. Because C. parapsilosis candidemia mortality rates can be high depending on risk factors and clinical characteristics, it is important to initiate appropriate and timely antifungal therapy. We think that our study can provide important information about the clinical profiles, distributions, susceptibility profiles, and control of antifungal resistance of C. parapsilosis isolates.IMPORTANCEIt has been observed that the frequency and antifungal resistance of Candida parapsilosis have increased recently. In our study, we aimed to determine the antifungal sensitivity of C. parapsilosis and the clinical and demographic characteristics of children with candidemia. It was observed that the patients’ history of malignancy, mechanical ventilation, urinary catheter, nasogastric tube, and intensive care stay was associated with C. parapsilosis mortality. The mortality rate from candidemia was 9.5%. The most frequently preferred antifungal agents were amphotericin B and fluconazole. The fluconazole drug resistance rate was found to be 6%, and the amphotericin B drug resistance rate was 4%. Because C. parapsilosis candidemia mortality rates can be high depending on risk factors and clinical characteristics, it is important to initiate appropriate and timely antifungal therapy.

PurposeHand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a viral contagious disease of children caused by human enteroviruses (EVs) and coxsackieviruses (CVs). There is no specific treatment option for HFMD. EPs® 7630's anti-infective and immunomodulatory properties have previously been demonstrated in several in vitro and in vivo studies; however, the use of this herbal medicine in children with HFMD has not previously been investigated.MethodsThis prospective randomized multicenter clinical study included 208 children with HFMD. The diagnosis was made by pediatricians. The patients who were within the first 48 h of symptom onset (according to the first onset of fever and skin findings) were enrolled. The study participants were assigned into 2 groups as EPs® 7630 and control groups. All patients were followed up twice more, 48 h after the first admission and on the 5th–7th day. Another phone evaluation was conducted for those with continued complaints from the previous visit.ResultsThe median age was 27 (12–112) months. The male-female ratio was 0.98. One hundred thirty one (63%) of 190 patients had no history of household contact. EPs® 7630 group included 94 and control group included 96 patients. A significant difference was found between the groups in terms of complaint scores at the visits made at the 48th h of the treatment and on days 5–7 (p

Cancer is a serious health problem. It still affects millions of people. In vitro cell culture is a method used to study the behavior of cells. The interest in grape seed is due to its high content of antioxidants in the form of proanthocyanidins. Its antioxidant capacity is greater than known antioxidants. Ishikawa cells were cultured in complete DMEM/F-12 medium containing 100 units/mL-100 µg/mL of penicillinstreptomycin and 10% fetal bovine serum in 37 °C and 5% CO2 incubator. After incubation of Ishikawa cells MTT (5 mg/mL) dye was added (20 µL/well) and plates were incubated again for two hours. Cell death mode triggered by grape seed extract on Ishikawa cells was analyzed by using the Annexin-V technique. To test the activation of caspases on Ishikawa cells exposed to grape seed extract Caspase 3/7 technique was used. For analysis of results one way variance analysis for multiple comparisons of GraphPad Prism 6.0 for Windows was used. Grape seed extract showed its toxicity on Ishikawa cells in dose dependent manner in 24 and 48 hours of exposure. Annexin-V technique showed that grape seed extract induced apoptosis on Ishikawa cells. When compared to the control group. Ishikawa cells treated with grape seed extract imply to total apoptosis percentage of 22.90%. Based on this finding it can be concluded that grape seed extract has apoptosis inducing activity on Ishikawa cells in short application time. Thus, grape seed extract worth to be elucidated for its further anticancer effects with deeper mechanistic studies in order to provide an option for designing novel anticancer drug as supplement or alternative to current chemotherapeutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The use of contraceptive method is the voluntary prevention of conception through the use of various devices, sexual practices, chemicals, drugs, or surgical procedures. The relationship between oral contraceptives and gynecological cancer has been known for a long time. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between gynecological cancers and the use of contraceptive methods. Methods: This is a retrospective study. The information of various gynecological cancer patients who were operated in our hospital was scanned backwards over a five-year period. 41 cervix, 70 endometrial, 58 ovarian cancer cases, which were operated in a five-year period, were included in the study. 61 cases operated as myoma uteri cases were used as control group. The data obtained from the forms were analyzed using the SPSS program. Analysis of Variance and T-Test were used as statistical analysis. Results: When the results of the study are analyzed, it is seen that the most commonly used contraceptive method in ovarian and endometrial cancers is the intra uterine device. Oral contraceptives are the most commonly used method in cervical cancer. In terms of age distribution, there is a statistically significant difference between the control group and all cancer cases. When IUD and condom use in ovarian cancer cases were compared with the control group, no statistical difference was found. Similarly, the use of OCS and IUD in endometrial cancer cases was compared with the control group, no statistical difference was found. Conclusion: Contraceptive methods attract attention as simple and safe tools that can be effective in the prevention of gynecological cancers. The use of these agents and devices in cancer types with familial predisposition may contribute to the prevention of cancer. This is extremely important for public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meningitis is an inflammatory disease of the leptomeninges surrounding the spinal cord and brain. Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in infants and children older than one month. In this report, we present a 13-month-old infant who, after receiving three doses of the 13-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine, had nervus hypoglossus paralysis as a result of serotype 7 S. pneumoniae meningitis. She was admitted into our center with complaints of high fever for 2 days, apathy that started in the last 24 hours, and a tendency for sleeping. Penicillin and ceftriaxone susceptible S. pneumoniae grew in cerebrospinal fluid culture. Antibiotic treatment was completed in six weeks as she had a millimetric abscess in MR imaging. Considering common variable immunodeficiency in the patient who was examined for immunodeficiency, intravenous immunoglobulin treatment was started. The physical examination results of the patient were entirely improved. In conclusion, meningitis is a pediatric emergency with a high mortality and complication rate. If meningitis is managed on time and correctly it can heal without sequelae. Vaccination is crucial for prevention. Despite vaccination, although rare, infection with vaccine strains may occur. Patients infected with vaccine strains may require evaluation in terms of immunodeficiency.

Objectives: Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, adenitis syndrome is characterized by recurrent episodes of fever. Attenuated disease severity was considered in patients with Mediterranean fever (MEFV) gene variations. Corticosteroids are highly effective in controlling the symptoms but usually cause more frequent episodes. Frequent fever episodes either initiated after the steroid therapy or as an initial disease characteristics are the most challenging feature. Methods: Sixty-seven patients were prospectively followed from September 2015 to January 2018. MEFV variants were searched in all patients. Colchicine therapy was initiated in patients with MEFV variants and with shortened intervals after the initiation of steroid therapy. Results: Heterozygous MEFV gene variants were detected in 23 patients (34.3%). Higher exon 10 allel frequencies were found in patients with frequent fever episodes. Among 26 patients with increased episodes, colchicine treatment decreased the number of the episodes in 8 of 10 (80%) and 4 of 16 (25%) patients with and without variants, respectively (p = 0.022). Fever duration decreased (3.26 ± 1.38 vs. 1.57 ± 0.57 days, p < 0.001) at the third month of therapy in variant(+) patients. Conclusion: In variant positive patients colchicine prophylaxis reduced the duration of attacks at the third months of therapy. Shortened intervals due to steroid therapy were increased at the sixth months of colchicine therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bu çalışma Yeni Sinema Tarihi Yaklaşımı çerçevesinde 1990’lı yıllarda Konya’da sinemaya gitme ve seyir deneyimlerine odaklanan nitel bir izleyici araştırmasıdır. Yeni Sinema Tarihi Yaklaşımı filmlere ilişkin metinsel yorumlamalar yapılmasını, yönetmen veya aktörlerle ilgilenilmesini yeterli bulmamakta, sinemayı sadece film izlenen bir mekân olarak da görmemektedir. Yeni Sinema Tarihi Yaklaşımı’na göre seyir mekânları içinde birçok belirleyiciyi barındıran film tüketiminin sosyal alanlarıdır. Sinemaya gitmenin sadece perdedeki içeriğiyle değil, aynı zamanda gösterimlerin gerçekleştiği sonsuz çeşitlilikteki zaman ve mekânlarda nasıl şekillendiğinin ortaya koyulması gerektiği Yeni Sinema Tarihi yaklaşımının çıkış noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmada 1990’lı yıllarda Konya’da yaşayan farklı sosyoekonomik statülerdeki bireylere olasılıklı olmayan örnekleme yöntemlerinden amaçlı ve kartopu örnekleme yöntemleri kullanılarak ulaşılmıştır. 5 kadın 7 erkekten oluşan 12 kişilik örneklem grubuna farklı araştırmaların bulguları göz önünde tutularak hazırlanmış sorular yöneltilerek yarı yapılandırılmış tek turlu görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler tematik analiz yöntemi kullanılarak bulgulanmıştır. Analiz boyunca sürekli olarak ileri geri hareket edilmiş; kodlamalar ve kategoriler sürekli olarak kontrol edilmiştir. Böylece zengin ayrıntılar ve betimlemeler yapılarak 17 farklı temaya ulaşılmıştır.

Introduction: Many women and men of reproductive age want to regulate their fertility. Among the contraceptive methods, intrauterine devices are especially preferred. However, the most important disadvantage of the intrauterine devices is pelvic infection. In this retrospective study, the aim was to examine the relationship between IUD use and pelvic infection. Methods: Our research was planned as a retrospective study. 76 women diagnosed with pelvic infection in our hospital constitute the case group, and 80 women who applied to the outpatient clinic with different gynecological problems other than infection constitute the control group. The contraceptive method used by the participants was determined from the information obtained. The contraceptive method last used by the participants in the reproductive period was taken as a basis. Results: There was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of age, parity, gravida, and the number of living children (p>0.05). It was determined that the frequency of pelvic infection was higher in intrauterine devices users compared to the control group. This is also statistically significant (p<0.01). Participants using intrauterine devices and non-intrauterine devices users were compared for signs and symptoms of infection. It was observed that intrauterine devices users who underwent tubo-ovarian abscess had a statistically significantly lower response to medical treatment compared to those who did not use IUDs (p<0.01). Conclusion: Pelvic infections must be ruled out before intrauterine devices application. After intrauterine devices application, women should be educated about the signs and symptoms of pelvic infection and carefully monitored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: It was aimed to evaluate the complications and prognosis of pediatric patients diagnosed with Herpes zoster(HZ) with an underlying comorbidity. Materials and Methods: Between 01.01.2011-01.01.2021 in our clinic; patients aged 0-18 years, with underlying comorbidities and diagnosed with HZ, who were followed up and treated, were evaluated retrospectively. Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical findings, treatments applied during hospitalization, complications developed during follow-up and prognosis were obtained from hospital file archive records. Results: The mean age was 9.25±4.79 years, and 53.4% of patients were male. The most common symptom was rash, followed by pain and itching. Most commonly, 23 (51.1%) patients had thoracic dermatome involvement. Dissemination did not develop in any of the patients. 8.9% of the patients had chickenpox, 4.4% had varicella vaccine, and 48% had no history of varicella-zoster virus transmission. Acute leukemia and having had a bone marrow transplant were the most common co-existing conditions. Median time between onset of symptoms and diagnosis was 3 (min-max=1-10) days. Median length of hospitalization was 7 (min-max=3-21) days, and the mean total treatment time was 9.33±3.58 days. It was determined that only 4 patients developed secondary skin infection, 44 patients were cured, and 1 patient died due to the primary disease. Conclusion: While HZ is rare in healthy children, it can progress with serious complications in those with an underlying disease. To consider HZ in differential diagnosis of vesicles in immunocompromised patients, to start treatment with early diagnosis; It is of great importance in terms of complications and prognosis that may develop.

Objective: To investigate granulomatous inflammation etiology based on clinical history and ancillary tests. Methods: Children aged