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BACKGROUND AND AIM: Tuberculosis (TB) is a terminal disease, which ranks first among infectious diseases throughout the world. Various psychosocial disorders, including anxiety and depression, first and foremost, and their undesired consequences are observed frequently in TB patients. In various studies, the psychosocial aspects of the disease have been investigated on several accounts, yet their temperament and character profile have not been examined. We intended to identify personality traits through temperament and character profiles of TB patients and compare them with healthy individuals in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, a 240-item self-administered temperament and character inventory (TCI) and a 14-item Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were employed. Forty-five TB patients and 48 healthy volunteers participated in the study. RESULTS: While average harm avoidance (HA) scores in TB patients were significantly higher than the scores of healthy controls, their average social acceptance scores, in turn, were significantly lower. Depression scores were significantly higher in TB patients than those of the control group (P = 0.049), whereas anxiety scores were insignificantly higher. TCI profiles were not correlated with anxiety and depression scores of TB patients. CONCLUSION: The current study found that HA scores in TB patients were higher, while social acceptance scores were lower. Prospective studies may lead to specific and in focus interventions designed for TCI in TB patients. Consequently, the assessment and treatment of TB in clinical practice should also include psychosomatic approaches.

Purpose: Finger injuries are important causes of emergency department admissions. In order to perform daily activities, the fingers must work fully and flawlessly. Replantation surgery aims to keep the injured finger alive and perform its functions almost completely. Our study aims to evaluate the reasons affecting the success of replantation during the SARS COV-2 pandemic period and to question the functional recovery after replantation. Methods: Finger and hand replantation performed in a single center by the same surgeon were reviewed retrospectively. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative and demographic data of the patients, mechanism of injury, ischemia duration, complications, surgical treatment approaches, and functional evaluation scales after rehabilitation were collected and statistically evaluated. Results: In our study, 88 fingers of 56 patients were replanted. While single finger replantation was performed in 38 patients, multi-finger replantation was performed in 18 patients. The total success rate of replantation was 73.2%. While successful results were obtained in 81.6% of 38 patients with single finger replantation, 55.6% of 50 fingers in 18 patients with multiple finger replantation were successful. We found that 3 patients after surgery and 11 patients in the six months before surgery were positive for SARS COV-2. No finger loss or complications occurred in these 14 patients after replantation. Conclusion: We concluded that SARS COV-2 disease had no significant effect on finger replantation surgery. Our study found that the most important variables affecting surgical success were the mechanism of injury, injury level, age, gender, anesthesia technique applied, number of repaired veins, smoking, and ischemia duration.

The circadian rhythm sleep disorders define the clinical conditions where sleep and ndash;wake rhythm is disrupted despite optimum environmental and social conditions. They occur as a result of the changes in endogenous circadian hours or non-compatibility of environmental factors or social life with endogenous circadian rhythm. The sleep and ndash;wake rhythm is disrupted continuously or in repeating phases depending on lack of balance between internal and external cycles. This condition leads to functional impairments which cause insomnia, excessive sleepiness or both in people. Application of detailed sleep anamnesis and sleep diary with actigraphy record, if possible, will be sufficient for diagnosis. The treatment aims to align endogenous circadian rhythm with environmental conditions. The purpose of this article is to review pathology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of circadian rhythm disorder. [Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry 2016; 8(2): 178-189]

Objective: The aim of study was to evaluate depression and impulsivity in obese people with binge eating disorder (BED). Method: The study included 149 obese study participants who were compared to 151 non-obese healthy controls. They were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview (SCID-I), Eating Attitudes Test (EAT), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11). Results: The prevalence of BED was 47.6% in the obese study participants. Obesity with BED was more common in female participants. Depressive disorder was detected in 41.2% of the obese subjects. There was no significant difference between BED (+) and BED (-) groups with respect to depressive disorder (p>0.05). The cognitive impulsivity and non-planning activity scores of the depressive group were significantly higher than for the participants without depression (0.05). The cognitive impulsivity and non-planning activity scores of the depressive group were significantly higher than for the participants without depression (

ResumoIntroduçãoColchicina é a viga‐mestra para o tratamento de FFM, que é uma doença autoinflamatória com polisserosite recidivante como principal manifestação. Apesar de doses diárias de 2mg ou mais/dia, aproximadamente 5%‐10% dos pacientes continuam a sofrer de seus ataques. Neste estudo, objetivamos investigar os aspectos da depressão e dos ataques em pacientes com FFM apresentando resistência à colchicina (RC).Pacientes e MétodosEm pacientes com FFM, RC foi definida como dois ou mais ataques nos últimos seis meses, quando em medicação com colchicina 2mg/dia. Dezoito pacientes (nove mulheres e nove homens) foram recrutados no grupo RC e 41 pacientes no grupo de controle (29 mulheres/12 homens). Foram avaliados os achados demográficos, clínicos e laboratoriais, a fidelidade ao tratamento e os escores do Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).ResultadosA idade de surgimento da FFM foi significativamente menor no grupo RC (12,3 anos vs. 16,9 anos, P=0,03). A duração da doença foi maior no grupo RC (p=0,01). Dores abdominais e nas pernas em decorrência do exercício foram significativamente mais frequentes no grupo RC versus controles (83% vs. 51%; p=0,02 e 88% vs. 60%; p=0,04, respectivamente). Pacientes com escores BDI>17 pontos foram mais frequentes no grupo RC versus controles (50% vs. 34,1%; p

Parasomnias, as described in the recent second edition of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, are "undesirable physical events or experiences" occurring during sleep transition, during arousal from sleep, or within the sleep period. These events encompass abnormal sleep related movements, behaviors, emotions, perceptions, dreaming, and autonomic nervous system functioning. Parasomnias are classified as: 1) disorders of arousal (from non-rapid eye movement, or NREM, sleep); 2) parasomnias usually associated with REM (rapid eye movement) sleep; and 3) other parasomnias. This sleep disorders in childhood are common, and often more frequent than in adults. Clinicians should be aware that many pediatric parasomnias have benign and self-limited nature. Most of the parasomnias may not persist into late childhood or adolescence. Parasomnias in adults often differ in type from childhood parasomnias and may portend significant psychiatric disturbances or neurodegenerative disorders. A reliable diagnosis can often be made from a detailed history from the patient and, if possible, the parents or bed partner. Detailed overnight investigations of parasomnias are usually not required. The non-REM parasomnias are more common in community although REM parasomnias are more likely to be seen in general neurological practice. Sleep related eating disorder, sleep related dissociative disorders and sleep related sexual behavior and sleep related violence are novel and rarely reported sleep disorders. REM sleep behavior disorder is common and should be sought in all neurodegenerative diseases. They are included among clinical disorders due to the resulting injuries, and adverse health and psychosocial effects, which may affect the bed partner as well as the patient. Finally, parasomnias are common disturbances of sleep that may significantly affect the patient's quality of life and that of the bed partner. Therefore, appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are warranted., Parasomniler, Uluslararası Uyku Sınıflamasının yeni ikinci baskısında, uyku geçişlerinde, uykudan uyanma ya da uyku sırasında ortaya çıkan "istenil-meyen fiziksel olaylar ya da deneyimler" olarak tanımlanmıştır. Bu olaylar; uyku ilişkili anormal hareketler, davranışlar, duygular, algılar, rüyalar ve otonomik sinir sistemi fonksiyonlarını içerir. Parasomniler: 1) uyanıklık tepkisi bozuklukları; 2) REM (rapid eye movement) uykusu ile ilişkili parasomniler; ve 3) diğer parasomniler olarak sınıflandırılırlar. Hekimler, daha çok çocukluk döneminde ortaya çıkan parasomnilerin selim ve kendini sınırlayıcı özellikleri konusunda bilgili olmalıdırlar. Çoğu parasomniler, geç çocukluk ve erişkin döneminde devam etmeyebilirler. Erişkin dönemindeki parasomniler, çocukluk dönemindekilerden farklıdır ve psikiyatrik hastalıklar ve nörodejeneratif hastalıkların habercisi olabilirler. Kesin tanı için, hastadan ve eğer mümkünse eşi ya da ailesinden ayrıntılı anamnez almak gerekir. Ayrıntılı tüm gece incelemesi genellikle parasomni tanısı için gerekli değildir. REM parasomnileri genel nöroloji pratiğinde daha sık saptanmasına karşın, toplumda non-REM parasomnileri daha sık görülür. Uyku ile ilişkili yeme bozukluğu, uyku ile ilişkili dissosiyatif bozukluk ve uyku ile ilişkili cinsel davranış ve şiddet yeni tanımlanmış nadir görülen uyku bozukluklarıdır. Bu bozukluklar, hasta kadar eşinde de travmaya, fiziksel yan etkilere ve psikososyal problemlere yol açabilir. Sonuç olarak, parasomniler yaşam kalitesini etkileyen ve nispeten sık görülen uyku bozuklukları olup, erken dönemde tanılarının konup tedavilerine başlanması zorunludur.

The purpose of this study was to identify the rate of night eating syndrome (NES) in a depressed population.The study sample was composed of 162 depressed patients and 172 healthy control participants.The rates of night eating in our sample with depression (35.2%) was higher as compared with healthy control participants (19.2%) (p less than 0.05). In addition, in the depression group, the rate of NES-positive patients did not differ in accordance with body mass index (BMI) classification (p more than 0.05). However, in the control group, the rate of NES-positive patients was significantly different with regard to BMI classification, and NES diagnosis was highest in the obese members of the control group (p less than 0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis was then used to evaluate the relationships of four variables: depression, gender, education status and BMI with the diagnosis of NES. Results showed that significant independent predictors of NES were depression, gender, and a BMI of 25 or greater.This is the first study to find that depressed patients are at a significantly greater risk for NES. Depression, male gender and BMI may account for the high rate of NES found in this population.

The aim of this study is to investigate effect of enflurane that is a pro-convulsive anesthetic agent and propofol on seizure durations and recovery times during electroconvulsive therapy.The subjects were divided into two groups according to the induction anesthetics. Anesthesia was induced with enflurane 5% in group E or propofol 1.2 mg x kg(-1) in group P. After the loss of consciousness, 0.5 mg x kg(-1) of succinylcholine was given. The patients maintained normocapnia.There were no significant differences between groups regarding seizure times. Recovery times were shorter in group E, but postictal agitation was significantly lower in propofol group.High incidence of spike activity on EEG and grand mal seizure patterns could be induced by enflurane. But motor and EEG seizure times were not prolonged by enflurane in the presence normocapnia. In conclusion, propofol is more suitable anesthetic agent for ECT, but enflurane might be preferred in patients because of rapid recovery.

The aim was to assess the combination therapy of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors and melatonin, since they had been separately shown to be as efficacious as conventional antidepressant drugs in pre-clinical antidepressant screening procedures.The Porsolt swim test was conducted to resemble the symptornatolog of major depressive disorder and an open-filed locomotor activity was also used.N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) at 3 mg/kg slightly, but not significantly, reduced the duration of immobility, and increasing the dose to 10 mg/kg was sufficient to attain a significant reduction. On the other hand, the maximal dose of L-NNA (30 mg/kg) was without effect, although a non-significant small increase was observed. The results obtained with L-NNA were in accorldance with a U-shape effect. While 3 mg/kg melatonin was ineffective, a statistically significant decrease in the duration of immobility was determined at the dose of 10 mg/kg. While the combination of ineffective doses (3 mg/kg, each) of L-NNA and melatonin revealed no further inhibition in the duration of immobility, the most effective doses (10 mg/kg, each) caused a more pronounced reduction when compared with those of each drug alone. None of the drugs used in the present study had any effects on locomotor activity over the dose range applied.The combination therapy with L-NNA and melatonin seems to have an additive effect and may be considered as a feasible candidate in attenuating the symptoms of major depressive disorder.