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In this case series, we aimed to report our clinical experience with hybrid positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) navigation in the management of recurrent glial brain tumors. Consecutive recurrent neuroglial brain tumor patients who underwent PET/MRI at preoperative or intraoperative periods were included, whereas patients with non-glial intracranial tumors including metastasis, lymphoma and meningioma were excluded from the study. A total of eight patients (mean age 50.1 ± 11.0 years) with suspicion of recurrent glioma tumor were evaluated. Gross total tumor resection of the PET/MRI-positive area was achieved in seven patients, whereas one patient was diagnosed with radiation necrosis, and surgery was avoided. All patients survived at 1-year follow-up. Five (71.4%) of the recurrent patients remained free of recurrence for the entire follow-up period. Two patients with glioblastoma had tumor recurrence at the postoperative sixth and eighth months. According to our results, hybrid PET/MRI provides reliable and accurate information to distinguish recurrent glial tumor from radiation necrosis. With the help of this differential diagnosis, hybrid imaging may provide the gross total resection of recurrent tumors without harming eloquent brain areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a case study of a 63-year-old man with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent radioembolization therapy with 90Y resin microspheres. The patient initially underwent 18F-FDG and 68Ga-PSMA PET/MRI scans, which revealed intense uptake of PSMA in the HCC lesion. After the radioembolization treatment, a clear response to therapy was observed on follow-up PET/MRI scans. The article also mentions that 68Ga-PSMA shows promise for evaluating treatment response in HCC, although further research is needed. The authors declare no competing interests, and the original data and findings of the study are available upon request. [Extracted from the article]

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to investigate the role of F-18 fluoro-deoxy-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) in the preoperative and posttherapy restaging of gastric cancer and to compare with spiral computerized tomography (CT). Method A total of 42 PET/CT scans of 36 gastric cancer patients (28M, 8F; mean age: 56,0 ± 15) were included in the study. A retrospective analysis of the PET/CT results of the patients were compared with concurrent CT results. Confirmation was made by clinical course and serial imaging studies in the follow up. The compatibility ratios were calculated and the accuracy of the PET/CT was assessed. Agreement between PET/CT and concurrent CT was calculated using kappa statistics. Results Patients were separated into 3 groups: the patients who were referred to our clinic for preoperative staging (4 patients), for posttherapy evaluation (24 patients) and for the suspicion of local recurrence and/or metastasis exploration after a disease free period (8 patients). Groups 1 and 3 included a small number of patients so they were omitted from the statistical analysis. Focusing on Goup 2, the overall concordance rate was 50% (12 patients). Region based analysis showed the rates of concordance for local recurrence, local lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis were 91% (Kappa: 0.70), 95% (Kappa:0.86) and 50% (Kappa:0.26) respectively. Distant metastases were also investigated in detail and the two techniques showed a concordance of 91% (Kappa: 0.75) for liver, 79%(Kappa:0.31) for distant lymph node, 79% (0.42) for lung, 87%(Kappa:0.33) for bone and 95% for intestinal wall metastasis. Conclusion PET/CT is a complementary imaging method which can be successfully used in both preoperative and posttherapy evaluation of gastric cancer.

The aim of this study to demonstrate and compare the CXCR4 expression by means of 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT in patients with multiple myeloma with standard clinical parameters and 18F-FDG PET/CT findings. Twenty-four (17 women, 7 men; mean age: 58.9±12.7) multiple myeloma patients who had undergone 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging to evaluate the disease activity were included in the study. 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT imaging was performed within an average period of 12 days after initial 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging. 68Ga-Pentixafor PET and 18F-FDG PET/CT revealed focal pathological lesions in 13/24 (54%) and 16/24 (67%) patients, respectively. In 19/24 patients, both tracers showed concordant findings (CXCR4+ and FDG+ in 12 patients; CXCR4- and FDG- in 7patients). In the remaining 5 patients, findings were discordant. The number of focal lesions identified by means of 68Ga-Pentixafor and 18FFDG were 89 (44%) and 113 (56%), respectively. 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT showed more lesions in 2/12 (17%) patients, whereas 18F-FDG PET/CT was proved to be superior in 7/12 (58%) patients. In the remaining 3/12 (25%) patients, both tracers detected an equal number of lesions. There was no significant difference in appendicular and axial skeletal and extramedullary distribution ratios for both PET/CT examinations (p> 0.05). There was no statistically significant correlations between the 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT positivity and disease activity, MM subtype, ISS phase, light chain disease, beta2microglobulin, albumin, creatinine, LDH, FLC and M protein levels in during scans. 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT cannot replace 18F-FDG PET/CT for diagnostic imaging of patients with multiple myeloma, 68Ga-PET/CT seem to be a valuable probe for patient stratification in the context of CXCR4-targeted radioligand therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]