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Aim. Vertical jump tests (VJT), used in the study among speed climbers, have shown that lower limb explosive strength is an important factor determining success in this sport. However, the correlation coefficients between VJT and climb time reported in the literature indicate: poor to good validity of using the results of these tests as a means of controlling athlete preparation. The purpose of this study was to assess the informative nature of the VJT of varying technical complexity on an athlete’s preparation for competition. Materials. The material of the study was a group of 5 women (x̃=23.8 years) and 5 men (x̃=20.8 years), members of the Polish National Team. The following tests were performed: CMJ without sweep (CMJbz), CMJ with sweep (CMJ), CMJ with rotation about the body axis (CMJ 360), ten (10) CMJ jumps with sweep at 2/3 of the height of the CMJ jump with sweep, motor reaction time (RT) to a sound signal. Results and Conclusions. Our results showed that of the trials used, only the CMJ with swing (CMJ), CMJ without swing (CMJws), and CMJ with rotation (CMJ-360) were most accurate. The CMJ-360 trial, which was of higher complexity, indicated the highest accuracy and the lowest estimation error of the expected speed climb time.

Aim. The aim of this study was to identify the determinants of somatic build of athletes at different (national and club) levels of sports skills. Furthermore, the study attempted to establish relationships between the performance in the 100m and 200m sprints and the parameters studied in the groups of sprinters and a control group (university students). Materials. The study included a selected group of sprinters (n=34). The sports skill level of the athletes was determined according to the track and field standards of the Polish Athletics Association (Polish: Polski Związek Lekkiej Atletyki, PZLA) as a sports class (Class I: national level, Class II: club level). The control group (n=62) consisted of sophomore full-time male students of physical education from the University of Physical Education in Krakow, Poland. Results and Conclusions. The results indicated that there was little intergroup variation in somatic build for characteristics such as hip width, elbow width, arm circumference, and largest thigh circumference. A significant effect on the improvement in scores in Class I athletes was found for R skinfold (over ticeps skin-fold) in 100m sprinters and the sum of R+Ł skinfolds (over ticeps + subscapular skin-fold) in 200m sprinters. In other groups, associations with the 100m score were shown for shoulder width, lower limb length, B skinfold (on abdonmen skin-fold), Ł skinfold, R skinfold, hip width, whereas for 200m, this concerned the largest lower leg circumference and R skinfold.

Ozimek Mariusz, Görner Karol, Jurczak Adam, Zieliński Janusz. Main directions of improvement of high-class sportsmen training system = Główne kierunki współczesnego systemu przygotowania sportowców wysokiej klasy. Journal of Health Sciences. 2014;4(13):17-25. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/article/view/2014%3B4%2811%29%3A17-25 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2014%3B4%2811%29%3A17-25 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/489492 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13013 The former journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1107. (17.12.2013). © The Author (s) 2014; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Radom University in Radom, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. Conflict of interest: None declared. Received: 10.09.2014. Revised 15.09.2014. Accepted: 04.11.2014. Main directions of improvement of high-class sportsmen training system Główne kierunki współczesnego systemu przygotowania sportowców wysokiej klasy Mariusz Ozimek1, Karol Görner2, Adam Jurczak3, Janusz Zieliński4 1Institute of Sports, Academy of Physical Education, Cracow, Poland 1Instytut Sportu, Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego, Kraków, Polska 2Faculty of Arts, Matej Bel University, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia 2Wydział Filozoficzny, Uniwersytet Mateja, Banska Bystrica, Słowacja 3Institute of Social Sciences, Academy of Physical Education, Cracow, Poland 3Instytut Nauk Humanistycznych Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego, Kraków, Polska 4Department of Physical Education, University of Rzeszow, Poland 4Instytut Wychowania Fizycznego, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska Słowa kluczowe: sport, szkolenia, system szkolenia sportowców wysokiej klasy Keywords: sport, training, high-class sportsmen training system Streszczenie Cel pracy i metoda. Celem badań była analiza przygotowania sportowców klasy międzynarodowej do wielkich międzynarodowych zawodów sportowych w oparciu o przegląd literatury i dokumentów. Wyniki i wnioski. Dopuszcza się stwierdzić, że jednym z najbardziej istotnych czynników jest podnoszenie efektywności szkoleń poprzez właściwe odżywianie, profilaktykę antyurazową, dostosowanie organizmu zawodnika do warunków klimatycznych i geograficznych, jakie zastanie on w miejscu zawodów. W sporcie, na przestrzeni ostatnich stu lat, można zauważyć, że proces przygotowania olimpijskiego ewoluował od przygotowań spontanicznych do standaryzacji i indywidualizacji treningu. Proces standaryzacji i indywidualizacji treningów zapoczątkowali trenerzy i zawodnicy z byłej Niemieckiej Republiki Demokratycznej. Od tego momentu widać, że w ciągu ostatnich 20-25 lat naukowe podstawy indywidualnego przygotowania sportowców uwzględniają m. in. podział na płeć, predyspozycje psychiczne i fizyczne a także inne istotne czynniki. Abstract Aims and objectives and methods. The aim of this researches was to know analysis was based mainly on literature and documents review which characterize the preparing and competition activity of the great number of international class sportsmen and many-years observation of sport practice. Results and conclusions. It allowed to claim that one of the most essential way is the raising of efficiency of non-training and non-professional factors. Actually all kinds of the sportsmen training system providing, nourishment, traumatism prophylaxis, the regarding of climate-geographic conditions of the main competitions and other non-training factors have not only important, but principal significance. More detailed and scientifically elaborated individualization of high-class sportsmen is also of great importance. Estimating the experience of above 100 years history of modern Olympic sports it can be noticed that in the first 80-90 years the sportsmen preparing process evolved from spontaneous individualization to definite standardization. The evident examples are the sportsmen training programmers of the former German Democratic Republic. Together with this in the last 20-25 years the visible raise of scientifically elaborated individualization of sportsmen preparation can be noticed, with the consideration of their sex, specialization psychical and physical abilities and other factors. &nbsp