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Objective: nosocomial infections are the primary reason of morbidity and mortality especially at children's hospitals. Thus, educating pediatric health care providers is rather crucial in order to protect children from exposure to infection. This study was planned to examine reliability and validity of Nurses' Infection Prevention and Control Observation Questionnaire in Turkish Language. Methods: this methodological study was carried out at a randomly selected Children's Hospital from each of the 7 regions of Turkey. In total, 443 pediatric nurses from those hospitals participated in the study. Content validity, construct validity, inter-consistency reliability and item total correlation of the questionnaire were analysed in order to adjust reliability and validity. Results: the questionnaire has good content, face and construct validity. The acceptable level for scales' items was above 0.30 and had one factor according to results of explanatory factor analysis. The questionnaire model fitted the data according to confirmatory factor analysis. A level of Cronbach's alpha at 0.74 was considered to be an acceptable level of reliability and item-total score correlation of the study-except for four items - was identified above 0.30. Conclusion: the questionnaire was determined as a reliable and validate tool in evaluation of observation for nurses' infection prevention and control., NA

Objective: The aim of the study was to develop an Insulin Treatment Self-management Scale; both Child Form and Parent Form for children ages 8-18 with type 1 diabetes. Methods: Children with type 1 diabetes and their parents participated in the study. Development of a methodologically designed scale was conducted to investigate insulin treatment self-management of children with type 1 diabetes. Results: A total of 331 children and their parents were recruited. Children and parents completed the data collection tools by themselves. The final scale had two subscales; one was related to cognitive and behavioural expressions regarding insulin treatment (self-efficacy) and the other to emotional aspects of self-maagement of insulin treatment (emotional impacts). The scale was shown to be valid and reliable. Conclusion: This study was a valid and reliable scale for measuring insulin treatment self-management in children with type 1 diabetes. Thus can be used to assess insulin treatment self-management in children with type 1 diabetes and their parents as well as a tool for effective nursing care. © 2019 by Turkish Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Society.

Objective: The aim of this study was to produce and validate a Turkish version of the University of Virginia Parent Low Blood Sugar Survey (P-LBSS). The P-LBSS is used to assess parental fear of their diabetic children’s hypoglycemia. Methods: Linguistic, content and face validity of the translated P-LBSS was tested. Afterwards, explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted in order to evaluate construct validity. Results: The sample included 390 parents of type 1 diabetic adolescents aged 12-17 years. Results of the factor analysis showed that the Turkish P-LBSS had 2 subscales (behavior and worry) as in the original. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the Turkish version of the total P-LBSS was found to be 0.803, and the value was 0.865 for the behavior and 0.790 for the worry subscales. Psychometric investigation of the Turkish version of P-LBSS indicated high reliability and good retestability, content and construct validity. Conclusion: The Turkish P-LBSS is a valid and reliable instrument to measure the fear of hypoglycemia experienced by parents of diabetic adolescents aged between 12-17 years in the Turkish population. © 2018 by Turkish Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Society.

The diabetes management is considered to be adversely affected when adolescent-specific education methods are not used. In this study, Type 1 Diabetes Management Model which ensures standardisation of the diabetes education and is based on the health promotion model and formed by applying health promotion model (HPM) according to the mastery-learning theory was used. The study was performed to determine effectiveness of diabetes education based on “Type 1 Diabetes Management Model” on adolescents. In total, 36 adolescents at ages 13–17 with type 1 diabetes participated. A quasi-experimental study was conducted as a pretest-posttest design on a single group study, which included nine interactive type 1 diabetes education sessions over 8 days, with assessments at baseline and after 3 months. Diabetes management skills and self-management levels were measured with Diabetes Behaviour Rating Scale, General Self Efficacy Scale and diabetes knowledge measured with type 1 diabetes rating form and unit follow-up tests. After 3 months, diabetes management skills (p = 0.000) and self-management levels (p = 0.002) were improved, haemoglobin A1C levels were decreased (p = 0.035) and diabetes knowledge was increased (p = 0.000). No improvement was observed in levels of taking the responsibility of skills (p = 0.958). Education programs based on Type 1 Diabetes Management Model may be suggested as an efficient model for adolescents with type 1 diabetes to improve their diabetes management skills, and also, diabetes nurses will be able to form education programs they arrange within the framework of a specific standard., NA