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Aim: The substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), a vital part of the brain that produces dopamine, is being closely studied due to its potential role in the monoamine hypothesis, which aims to explain the causes of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Dopamine, a chemical messenger in the brain, is linked to the monoamine hypothesis, suggesting that imbalances in these chemicals may contribute to MDD. This study aimed to calculate volumetric changes in the substantia nigra (SN), using brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in individuals diagnosed with MDD. Material and Method: Sixty-six participants, comprising 33 individuals diagnosed with MDD (mean age=44.30±13.98 years) and 33 healthy individuals (mean age=46.27±14.94 years), were recruited from the university hospital psychiatry outpatient clinic. In the MDD group, there were 15 male participants (45%) and 18 female participants (55%). The healthy control group consisted of 28 males (84.8%) and 5 females (16.2%). Potential confounding factors, such as underlying chronic diseases, were ruled out by the clinician through a thorough examination of the patient's medical history, ensuring the study outcomes were not influenced. Threedimensional brain MRI scans were conducted using a 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner. Volumes of the SN and midbrain were automatically computed using MRIStudio, an atlas-based image analysis program. Results: Statistically significant higher volumes were observed in the right SN in the MDD group compared to controls (0.146±0.045 cm³ vs. 0.122±0.035 cm³, p=0.02, p<0.05). The ratio of SN to midbrain volume was higher in MDD patients on both sides, with a 22.4% higher value on the right side and a 12.7% higher on the left side relative to controls (p=0.002 for the right, p=0.01 for the left; p<0.05). Moreover, a negative correlation between left and right SN volumes and age was identified in the MDD group (p=0.01 for the left, p=0.05 for the right side; p<0.05). Conclusion: Our study revealed an increase in SN volume in MDD patients. Identifying volumetric discrepancies in brain regions responsible for dopamine release could hold significant value in elucidating the underlying causes of the disease and guiding treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BODIPY is an important fluorophores due to its enhanced photophysical and chemical properties including outstanding thermal/photochemical stability, intense absorption/emission profiles, high photoluminescence quantum yield, and small Stokes' shifts. In addition to BODIPY, indole and its derivatives have recently gained attention because of their structural properties and particularly biological importance, therefore these molecules have been widely used in sensing and biosensing applications. Here, we focus on recent studies that reported the incorporation of indole‐based BODIPY molecules as reporter molecules in sensing systems. We highlight the rationale for developing such systems and evaluate detection limits of the developed sensing platforms. Furthermore, we also review the application of indole‐based BODIPY molecules in bioimaging studies. This article includes the evaluation of indole‐based BODIPYs from synthesis to characterization and a comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of developed reporter systems, making it instructive for researchers in various disciplines for the design and development of similar systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The neoclassical canons were used to define the proportions between various areas of the head and face. Therefore, this study was done to establish the neoclassical canons of facial proportions in Turkish adults. A total of 200 healthy adults 20 to 35 years of age were examined. Using anthropometric landmarks, 5 horizontal and 9 vertical direct measurements were made on the faces with a sliding calliper. Results have been compared with 8 neoclassical facial canons. When comparing between sexes, a significant difference has been found in all measurements except the upper facial width, left eye-fissure width, forehead height I and II (p < 0.005). The nasofacial proportion has been found to include the most proportional subjects (33%) followed by the orbito-nasal (30%), the orbital proportion (25%) and the naso-oral proportion (17%) in the female. Considering the male, the orbital proportion has been found to include the most proportional subjects (23%) followed by the orbito-nasal proportion (21%), naso-facial proportion (19%) and the naso-oral proportion (17%). The neoclassical canons have been shown to rarely be applicable to Turkish adults and our results may contribute to determine the concepts of transcultural facial structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Right portal vein embolization (RPVE) is used in preoperative period to prevent liver insufficiency after right hepatectomy. Mostly, vascular plugs and embolizing materials are used for intervention. In this case report we aim to demonstrate the consequances of preoperative right portal vein embolization on liver reserve in a case with multifocal HCC. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A 51 year old male with three HCC foci in segment 8 and 5 , referred our department for RPVE prior to right hepatectomy. He had a cirrhotic pattern without any tumor in left lobe of liver. We used both vascular plug and micro-particle for embolization of the right portal vein with percutaneous intervention under fluoroscopy. After intervention the case had no major complication. RESULTS: Before and after RPVE we performed contrast - enhaced CT examination to identify liver rezerve. We evaluate a %28 increase in left lobe reserve after embolization. CONCLUSION: RPVE is a safe and effective interventional procedure to increase left lobe reserve prior to right hepatectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BODIPY is an important fluorophores due to its enhanced photophysical and chemical properties including outstanding thermal/photochemical stability, intense absorption/emission profiles, high photoluminescence quantum yield, and small Stokes' shifts. In addition to BODIPY, indole and its derivatives have recently gained attention because of their structural properties and particularly biological importance, therefore these molecules have been widely used in sensing and biosensing applications. Here, we focus on recent studies that reported the incorporation of indole-based BODIPY molecules as reporter molecules in sensing systems. We highlight the rationale for developing such systems and evaluate detection limits of the developed sensing platforms. Furthermore, we also review the application of indole-based BODIPY molecules in bioimaging studies. This article includes the evaluation of indole-based BODIPYs from synthesis to characterization and a comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of developed reporter systems, making it instructive for researchers in various disciplines for the design and development of similar systems., (© 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)

Malformation of cortical development (MCD) is a term representing an inhomogeneous group of central nervous system abnormalities, referring particularly to embriyological aspect as a consequence of any of the three developmental stages, i.e., cell proliferation, cell migration and cortical organization. These include cotical dysgenesis, microcephaly, polymicrogyria, schizencephaly, lissencephaly, hemimegalencephaly, heterotopia and focal cortical dysplasia. Since magnetic resonance imaging is the modality of choice that best identifies the structural anomalies of the brain cortex, we aimed to provide a mini review of MCD by using 3T magnetic resonance scanner images.