34 results on '"Oyster disease"'
Search Results
2. Differential basal expression of immune genes confers Crassostrea gigas resistance to Pacific oyster mortality syndrome
- Author
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Julien de Lorgeril, Bruno Petton, Aude Lucasson, Valérie Perez, Pierre-Louis Stenger, Lionel Dégremont, Caroline Montagnani, Jean-Michel Escoubas, Philippe Haffner, Jean-François Allienne, Marc Leroy, Franck Lagarde, Jérémie Vidal-Dupiol, Yannick Gueguen, and Guillaume Mitta
- Subjects
Pacific oyster ,Oyster disease ,Resistance ,OsHV-1 ,Antiviral molecular pathways ,Invertebrate immunity ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Abstract Background As a major threat to the oyster industry, Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome (POMS) is a polymicrobial disease affecting the main oyster species farmed across the world. POMS affects oyster juveniles and became panzootic this last decade, but POMS resistance in some oyster genotypes has emerged. While we know some genetic loci associated with resistance, the underlying mechanisms remained uncharacterized. So, we developed a comparative transcriptomic approach using basal gene expression profiles between different oyster biparental families with contrasted phenotypes when confronted to POMS (resistant or susceptible). Results We showed that POMS resistant oysters show differential expression of genes involved in stress responses, protein modifications, maintenance of DNA integrity and repair, and immune and antiviral pathways. We found similarities and clear differences among different molecular pathways in the different resistant families. These results suggest that the resistance process is polygenic and partially varies according to the oyster genotype. Conclusions We found differences in basal expression levels of genes related to TLR-NFκB, JAK-STAT and STING-RLR pathways. These differences could explain the best antiviral response, as well as the robustness of resistant oysters when confronted to POMS. As some of these genes represent valuable candidates for selective breeding, we propose future studies should further examine their function.
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- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Differential basal expression of immune genes confers Crassostrea gigas resistance to Pacific oyster mortality syndrome.
- Author
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de Lorgeril, Julien, Petton, Bruno, Lucasson, Aude, Perez, Valérie, Stenger, Pierre-Louis, Dégremont, Lionel, Montagnani, Caroline, Escoubas, Jean-Michel, Haffner, Philippe, Allienne, Jean-François, Leroy, Marc, Lagarde, Franck, Vidal-Dupiol, Jérémie, Gueguen, Yannick, and Mitta, Guillaume
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PACIFIC oysters , *GENE expression profiling , *BREEDING , *JAK-STAT pathway , *POST-translational modification , *INSECTICIDE resistance - Abstract
Background: As a major threat to the oyster industry, Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome (POMS) is a polymicrobial disease affecting the main oyster species farmed across the world. POMS affects oyster juveniles and became panzootic this last decade, but POMS resistance in some oyster genotypes has emerged. While we know some genetic loci associated with resistance, the underlying mechanisms remained uncharacterized. So, we developed a comparative transcriptomic approach using basal gene expression profiles between different oyster biparental families with contrasted phenotypes when confronted to POMS (resistant or susceptible). Results: We showed that POMS resistant oysters show differential expression of genes involved in stress responses, protein modifications, maintenance of DNA integrity and repair, and immune and antiviral pathways. We found similarities and clear differences among different molecular pathways in the different resistant families. These results suggest that the resistance process is polygenic and partially varies according to the oyster genotype. Conclusions: We found differences in basal expression levels of genes related to TLR-NFκB, JAK-STAT and STING-RLR pathways. These differences could explain the best antiviral response, as well as the robustness of resistant oysters when confronted to POMS. As some of these genes represent valuable candidates for selective breeding, we propose future studies should further examine their function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. The probiotic bacterium, Phaeobacter inhibens, down-regulates virulence factor transcription in the shellfish pathogen, Vibrio coralliilyticus.
- Author
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Wenjing Zhao, Tao Yuan, Piva, Christine, Spinard, Edward J., Schuttert, Christian, Rowley, David C., and Nelson, David R.
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SHELLFISH , *PROBIOTICS , *AQUATIC invertebrates , *DIETARY supplements , *MICROBIAL virulence - Abstract
Phaeobacter inhibens S4Sm acts as a probiotic bacterium against the oyster pathogen, Vibrio coralliilyticus. Here we report that P. inhibens S4Sm secretes three molecules that down regulate transcription of major virulence factors, metalloprotease genes, in V. coralliilyticus cultures. The effects of S4Sm culture supernatant on the transcription of three genes involved in protease activity, vcpA, vcpB, and vcpR (encoding metalloproteases A and B and their transcriptional regulator, respectively), were examined by qRT-PCR. Expression of vcpB and vcpR were reduced to 36% and 6.6%, respectively, compared to an untreated control. We constructed a V. coralliilyticus GFP-reporter strain to detect the activity of inhibitory compounds. Using a bioassay-guided approach, the molecules responsible for V. coralliilyticus protease inhibition activity were isolated from S4Sm supernatant and identified as three N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs). The three AHLs are N-(3-hydroxydecanoyl)-L homoserine lactone, N-(dodecanoyl-2,5-diene)-L-homoserine lactone and N-(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-7-ene)-L-homoserine lactone, and their half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) against V. coralliilyticus protease activity are 0.26 μM, 3.7 μM and 2.9 μM, respectively. Our qRT-PCR data demonstrated that exposure to the individual AHLs reduced transcription of vcpR and vcpB. Combinations of the three AHLs (any two or all three AHLs) on V. coralliilyticus showed additive effects upon protease inhibition activity. These AHL compounds may contribute to the host protective effects of S4Sm by disrupting the quorum-sensing pathway that activates protease transcription of V. coralliilyticus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Oyster disease in a changing environment: Decrypting the link between pathogen, microbiome and environment.
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King, William L., Jenkins, Cheryl, Seymour, Justin R., and Labbate, Maurizio
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OYSTER diseases , *MICROORGANISMS , *PATHOGENIC microorganisms , *VIRULENCE of bacteria , *AQUACULTURE - Abstract
Abstract Shifting environmental conditions are known to be important triggers of oyster diseases. The mechanism(s) behind these synergistic effects (interplay between host, environment and pathogen/s) are often not clear, although there is evidence that shifts in environmental conditions can affect oyster immunity, and pathogen growth and virulence. However, the impact of shifting environmental parameters on the oyster microbiome and how this affects oyster health and susceptibility to infectious pathogens remains understudied. In this review, we summarise the major diseases afflicting oysters with a focus on the role of environmental factors that can catalyse or amplify disease outbreaks. We also consider the potential role of the oyster microbiome in buffering or augmenting oyster disease outbreaks and suggest that a deeper understanding of the oyster microbiome, its links to the environment and its effect on oyster health and disease susceptibility, is required to develop new frameworks for the prevention and management of oyster diseases. Highlights • Infectious diseases are a major obstacle for the growth of aquaculture industries. • Shifting environmental conditions are important triggers of oyster diseases. • The microbiome is emerging as a possible contributor to the oyster disease process. • Here we review current oyster microbiome studies in the context of disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
- Full Text
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6. Genome Analysis of the Marine Bacterium Labrenzia sp. Strain 011, a Potential Protective Agent of Mollusks
- Author
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Jamshid Amiri Moghaddam, Antonio Dávila-Céspedes, Mohammad Alanjary, Jochen Blom, Gabriele M. König, and Till F. Schäberle
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Labrenzia ,draft genome ,comparative genomics ,antimicrobial ,oyster disease ,Roseovarius crassostreae ,Bibliography. Library science. Information resources - Abstract
The marine bacterium Labrenzia sp. strain 011 was isolated from the coastal sediment of Kronsgaard, Germany. The Labrenzia species are suggested to be protective agents of mollusks. Labrenzia sp. strain 011 produces specialized metabolites, which showed activity against a range of microorganisms, thereunder strong inhibitory effects against Pseudoroseovarius crassostreae DSM 16,950 (genus Roseovarius), the causative agent of oyster disease. The genome of Labrenzia sp. strain 011 was sequenced and assembled into 65 contigs, has a size of 5.1 Mbp, and a G+C content of 61.6%. A comparative genome analysis defined Labrenzia sp. strain 011 as a distinct new species within the genus Labrenzia, whereby 44% of the genome was contributed to the Labrenzia core genome. The genomic data provided here is expected to contribute to a deeper understanding of the mollusk-protective role of Labrenzia spp.
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- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Spatial epidemiological modelling of infection by Vibrio aestuarianus shows that connectivity and temperature control oyster mortality
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LUPO, Coralie, Dutta, Bhagat Lal, Petton, Sébastien, Ezanno, Pauline, Tourbiez, Delphine, Travers, Marie-Agnès, Pernet, Fabrice, Bacher, Cédric, Santé, Génétique et Microbiologie des Mollusques (IFREMER SG2M), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Biologie, Epidémiologie et analyse de risque en Santé Animale (BIOEPAR), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Dynamiques de l'Environnement Côtier (DYNECO), ANR-12-AGRO-0001,GIGASSAT,Adaptation des écosystèmes ostréicoles au changement global(2012), ANR-15-CE35-0004,ENVICOPAS,Impact des changements environnementaux sur les organismes pathogènes dans les écosystèmes côtiers(2015), Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins (LGPMM), Santé, Génétique et Microbiologie des Mollusques (SGMM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and Dynamiques des Écosystèmes Côtiers (DYNECO)
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Ecology ,[SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE] ,Oyster disease ,Crassostrea gigas ,Hydrodynamics ,Vibrio aestuarianus ,Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling ,food and beverages ,SH1-691 ,Sensitivity analysis ,Basic reproduction number ,QH540-549.5 - Abstract
International audience; Vibrio aestuarianus infection in oyster populations causes massive mortality, resulting in losses for oyster farmers. Such dynamics result from host-pathogen interactions and contagion through water-borne transmission. To assess the spatiotemporal spread of V. aestuarianus infection and associated oyster mortality at a bay scale, we built a mathematical model informed by experimental infection data at 2 temperatures and spatially dependent marine connectivity of oyster farms. We applied the model to a real system and tested the importance of each factor using a number of modelling scenarios. Results suggest that introducing V. aestuarianus in a fully susceptible adult oyster population in the bay would lead to the mortality of all farmed oysters over 6 to 12 mo, depending on the location in which infection was initiated. The effect of temperature was captured by the basic reproduction number (R0), which was >1 at high seawater temperatures, as opposed to values
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- 2020
8. Differential basal expression of immune genes confers Crassostrea gigas resistance to Pacific oyster mortality syndrome
- Author
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Jean-Michel Escoubas, Philippe Haffner, Bruno Petton, Franck Lagarde, Yannick Gueguen, Aude Lucasson, Valérie Perez, Pierre-Louis Stenger, Jean-François Allienne, Caroline Montagnani, Julien de Lorgeril, M. Leroy, Guillaume Mitta, Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol, Lionel Degremont, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, 17390 La Tremblade, France. (LGPMM), Santé, Génétique et Microbiologie des Mollusques (IFREMER SG2M), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), The present study was supported by the ANR project DECIPHER (ANR-14-CE19–0023), by the ANR project DECICOMP and by Ifremer, CNRS, Université de Montpellier and Université de Perpignan via Domitia., ANR-14-CE19-0023,DECIPHER,Déchiffrage des maladies multifactorielles: cas des mortalités de l'huître(2014), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins (LGPMM), Santé, Génétique et Microbiologie des Mollusques (SGMM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Oyster ,animal structures ,Invertebrate immunity ,lcsh:QH426-470 ,lcsh:Biotechnology ,Resistance ,Transcriptome ,03 medical and health sciences ,Antiviral molecular pathways ,Stress, Physiological ,biology.animal ,lcsh:TP248.13-248.65 ,Genotype ,Genetics ,Animals ,Pacific oyster ,RNA-Seq ,14. Life underwater ,Crassostrea ,Gene ,Panzootic ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,OsHV-1 ,Acl ,[SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE] ,Oyster disease ,food and beverages ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,Phenotype ,lcsh:Genetics ,Genes ,040102 fisheries ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,Biotechnology ,Research Article - Abstract
Background As a major threat to the oyster industry, Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome (POMS) is a polymicrobial disease affecting the main oyster species farmed across the world. POMS affects oyster juveniles and became panzootic this last decade, but POMS resistance in some oyster genotypes has emerged. While we know some genetic loci associated with resistance, the underlying mechanisms remained uncharacterized. So, we developed a comparative transcriptomic approach using basal gene expression profiles between different oyster biparental families with contrasted phenotypes when confronted to POMS (resistant or susceptible). Results We showed that POMS resistant oysters show differential expression of genes involved in stress responses, protein modifications, maintenance of DNA integrity and repair, and immune and antiviral pathways. We found similarities and clear differences among different molecular pathways in the different resistant families. These results suggest that the resistance process is polygenic and partially varies according to the oyster genotype. Conclusions We found differences in basal expression levels of genes related to TLR-NFκB, JAK-STAT and STING-RLR pathways. These differences could explain the best antiviral response, as well as the robustness of resistant oysters when confronted to POMS. As some of these genes represent valuable candidates for selective breeding, we propose future studies should further examine their function.
- Published
- 2020
9. Epizootiology of Perkinsus marinus, parasite of the pleasure oyster Crassostrea corteziensis, in the Pacific coast of Mexico.
- Author
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Cáceres-Martínez, Jorge, Madero-López, Luis Humberto, Padilla-Lardizábal, Gloria, and Vásquez-Yeomans, Rebeca
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PERKINSUS marinus , *INSECT epizootiology , *CRASSOSTREA - Abstract
The protozoan parasite Perkinsus marinus is the etiological agent of “dermo disease”. This pathogen is considered by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) as reportable due to the high mortalities that it produces in the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica in the US. In 2006, this parasite was detected in the pleasure oyster Crassostrea corteziensis in Nayarit on the Pacific coast of Mexico, indicating a new host and an extension of its known distribution. Epizootiological data of P. marinus in the pleasure oyster are unknown. With the objective of determining the prevalence and intensity in relation with temperature and salinity throughout time, as well as for studying interactions of host size and sex with the parasite, a monthly sampling was carried out in two aquaculture sites of Nayarit from 2007 to 2014. A total of 7700 oysters were analyzed. In both localities, prevalence was low in winter (<6%) when temperature and salinity fluctuated around 24 °C and 33, respectively; and the highest prevalence values occurred during summer (37%) when temperature and salinity were around 30 °C and 20, respectively. Infection intensity increased in summer, but severe cases remained on average <10%. Larger oysters showed the highest prevalence and intensity, and higher prevalence were generally observed in females. No unusual mortalities directly related with P. marinus were observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Contributions of tropodithietic acid and biofilm formation to the probiotic activity of Phaeobacter inhibens.
- Author
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Wenjing Zhao, Christine Dao, Karim, Murni, Gomez-Chiarri, Marta, Rowley, David, and Nelson, David R.
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BIOFILMS , *PROBIOTICS , *ADENOSINE triphosphatase , *GENETIC recombination , *VIBRIO tubiashii , *VIBRIO anguillarum - Abstract
Background: The probiotic bacterium Phaeobacter inhibens strain S4Sm, isolated from the inner shell surface of a healthy oyster, secretes the antibiotic tropodithietic acid (TDA), is an excellent biofilm former, and increases oyster larvae survival when challenged with bacterial pathogens. In this study, we investigated the specific roles of TDA secretion and biofilm formation in the probiotic activity of S4Sm. Results: Mutations in clpX (ATP-dependent ATPase) and exoP (an exopolysaccharide biosynthesis gene) were created by insertional mutagenesis using homologous recombination. Mutation of clpX resulted in the loss of TDA production, no decline in biofilm formation, and loss of the ability to inhibit the growth of Vibrio tubiashii and Vibrio anguillarum in co-colonization experiments. Mutation of exoP resulted in a ~60 % decline in biofilm formation, no decline in TDA production, and delayed inhibitory activity towards Vibrio pathogens in co-colonization experiments. Both clpX and exoP mutants exhibited reduced ability to protect oyster larvae from death when challenged by Vibrio tubiashii. Complementation of the clpX and exoP mutations restored the wild type phenotype. We also found that pre-colonization of surfaces by S4Sm was critical for this bacterium to inhibit pathogen colonization and growth. Conclusions: Our observations demonstrate that probiotic activity by P. inhibens S4Sm involves contributions from both biofilm formation and the production of the antibiotic TDA. Further, probiotic activity also requires colonization of surfaces by S4Sm prior to the introduction of the pathogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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11. Genome analysis of the marine bacterium Labrenzia sp. strain 011, a potential protective agent of mollusks
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Moghaddam, Jamshid Amiri, Dávila-Céspedes, Antonio, Alanjary, Mohammad, Blom, Jochen, König, Gabriele M., Schäberle, Till F., Moghaddam, Jamshid Amiri, Dávila-Céspedes, Antonio, Alanjary, Mohammad, Blom, Jochen, König, Gabriele M., and Schäberle, Till F.
- Abstract
The marine bacterium Labrenzia sp. strain 011 was isolated from the coastal sediment of Kronsgaard, Germany. The Labrenzia species are suggested to be protective agents of mollusks. Labrenzia sp. strain 011 produces specialized metabolites, which showed activity against a range of microorganisms, thereunder strong inhibitory effects against Pseudoroseovarius crassostreae DSM 16,950 (genus Roseovarius), the causative agent of oyster disease. The genome of Labrenzia sp. strain 011 was sequenced and assembled into 65 contigs, has a size of 5.1 Mbp, and a G+C content of 61.6%. A comparative genome analysis defined Labrenzia sp. strain 011 as a distinct new species within the genus Labrenzia, whereby 44% of the genome was contributed to the Labrenzia core genome. The genomic data provided here is expected to contribute to a deeper understanding of the mollusk-protective role of Labrenzia spp.
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- 2019
12. Success of constructed oyster reefs in no-harvest sanctuaries: implications for restoration.
- Author
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Powers, Sean P., Peterson, Charles H., Grabowski, JonathanH., and Lenihan, Hunter S.
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OYSTER fisheries ,REEFS ,AMERICAN oyster ,ESTUARIES ,MARINE ecology ,BIOLOGICAL productivity ,MARINE animals ,ANIMAL populations ,MARINE biology - Abstract
The article presents a study which discusses the failure to sustain oyster fisheries and the dramatic decline in the population of the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica in many U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico estuaries. It mentions that oysters offer significant ecosystem services which led state management agencies to allow oyster reefs to be degraded and mined to extract the marketable oysters. It relates that examinations on the estuaries are considered successful from an ecological or oyster fishery view, but success on its restoration of subtidal reefs varies.
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- 2009
- Full Text
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13. Genome analysis of the marine bacterium Labrenzia sp. strain 011, a potential protective agent of mollusks
- Author
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Mohammad Alanjary, Till F. Schäberle, Gabriele M. König, Jamshid Amiri Moghaddam, Jochen Blom, and Antonio Dávila-Céspedes
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Oyster ,Information Systems and Management ,Bioinformatics ,Microorganism ,Genome ,Microbiology ,biology.animal ,Genus Labrenzia ,Bioinformatica ,Labrenzia sp ,Labrenzia ,Comparative genomics ,Roseovarius crassostreae ,biology ,Strain (chemistry) ,Oyster disease ,biology.organism_classification ,lcsh:Z ,lcsh:Bibliography. Library science. Information resources ,Computer Science Applications ,Draft genome ,Antimicrobial ,Bacteria ,Information Systems - Abstract
The marine bacterium Labrenzia sp. strain 011 was isolated from the coastal sediment of Kronsgaard, Germany. The Labrenzia species are suggested to be protective agents of mollusks. Labrenzia sp. strain 011 produces specialized metabolites, which showed activity against a range of microorganisms, thereunder strong inhibitory effects against Pseudoroseovarius crassostreae DSM 16,950 (genus Roseovarius), the causative agent of oyster disease. The genome of Labrenzia sp. strain 011 was sequenced and assembled into 65 contigs, has a size of 5.1 Mbp, and a G+C content of 61.6%. A comparative genome analysis defined Labrenzia sp. strain 011 as a distinct new species within the genus Labrenzia, whereby 44% of the genome was contributed to the Labrenzia core genome. The genomic data provided here is expected to contribute to a deeper understanding of the mollusk-protective role of Labrenzia spp.
- Published
- 2019
14. THIE BIOECONOMIC FEASIBLILITY OF CULTURING TRIPLOID CRASSOSTREA ARIA KENSIS IN NORTH CAROLINA.
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Grabowski, Jonathan H., Peterson, Charles H., Bishop, Melanie J., and Conrad, Robert
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The collapse of the native oyster Crassostrea virginica fishery along the eastern United States has prompted resource managers to consider introducing a nonnative oyster for restoration of the wild fishery and/or for culture as a nonreproductive triploid. Evaluation of the profitability of a medium-sized C. ariakensis culture operation (500,000 oysters per year on ~3 acre lease), assuming constancy of present market price despite increased supply, indicated that grow-out over winter resulted in an estimated ~27% to 29% return on the annual investment at salinities >10 ppt because survivorship was high and Poldora spp. infestation did not occur. The greater cost of a longer grow-out phase at intermediate (10-25 ppt) salinities compensated for slightly higher mortality rates at high (>25 ppt) salinity sites, such that profitability did not vary with salinity during winter. In contrast, operations in summer always lost revenue (-28 to -37% return on investment) because of higher mortality rates at high salinities and elevated Polydora spp. infestation rates at intermediate salinities rendering the blistered oysters unsuitable for the half-shell market. Solving both the PoIydora and survivorship problems would suffice to render summer operations profitable. Purchase of larger (>25 mm SH) seed from hatcheries reduced the return on investment by ~60% in comparison with purchase and further nursery rearing of smaller (3 mm SH) seed in 2-mm mesh bags at the grow-out site. Operations utilizing larger seed were, however, still profitable (11% to 12% return on investment) during winter grow-out, and are less risky than including a nursery phase. Although Polydora infestation did not occur during the winter, sensitivity analysis determined that culture operations are extremely sensitive to PoIydora spp. infestation. For instance, our analyses suggest that operations with infestation rates greater than 54% would lose revenue. Therefore, growers must avoid extending production especially at intermediate-salinity sites where grow-out is slower into the summer months when Polydora spp. settlement typically occurs. Given the economic viability of culturing C. ariakensis oysters, the potential value of the aquaculture fishery must now be considered in a broader context of the economic and ecosystem risks and benefits associated with introducing a nonnative oyster versus not introducing but instead restoring the native oyster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2007
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15. GROWTH AND SURVIVORSHIP OF NON-NATIVE (CRASSOSTREA GIGAS AND CRASSOSTREA ARIAKENSIS) VERSUS NATIVE EASTERN OYSTERS (CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA).
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Grabowski, Jonathan H., Peterson, Charles H., Powers, Sean P., Gaskill, David, and Summerson, Henry C.
- Abstract
The decline of wild populations of the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica from fishing impacts and disease combined with limited success in its culture has stimulated discussion among coastal managers about the risks and benefits of introducing non-native oysters in Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina. Field experiments in 1999 to 2000 and 2001 to 2002 comparing growth, survivorship, and prevalence of disease in 2 non-native oysters, C. gigas and C. ariakensis, versus C. virginica in North Carolina estuaries demonstrated that in high-salinity (>25‰) waters, performance of C. gigas in culture greatly surpassed that of both of the other oysters (with growth 162.4% higher than C. virginica and 54.1% higher than C. ariakensis and survivorship 33.1% higher than C. virginica and 22.3% higher than C. ariakensis). C. ariakensis survivorship at these high salinity sites was highly variable and unpredictable even when using environmental covariates, and at salinities below -10‰ this species did not grow, rendering its culture nonviable at low salinity. However, in waters of intermediate salinity (15‰ to 25‰), C. ariakensis outgrew both of the other 2 oysters (35.9% higher than C. gigas and 24.5% higher than C. virginica) and exhibited 42.1% higher survivorship than C. gigas. Although survivorship of C. virginica and C. ariakensis did not differ significantly at intermediate salinities, only C. virginica failed to achieve legally harvestable sizes and, based on its increasingly high susceptibility to death from disease with age, is likely to have experienced much greater mortality by the time of complete grow-out. Experimental elevation above the bottom augmented growth and survivorship of C. ariakensis most strongly, whereas C. gigas was not influenced by rack height. Before large-scale introduction of any non-native oyster occurs, the quantitative biologic results should first be incorporated into economic evaluations that weigh expected profitability and ecosystem benefits against the potential ecologic risks of introduction (both for wild release and for aquaculture of triploids). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
16. Contributions of tropodithietic acid and biofilm formation to the probiotic activity of Phaeobacter inhibens
- Author
-
Christine Ahn Dao, Murni Karim, Wenjing Zhao, David R. Nelson, David C. Rowley, and Marta Gomez-Chiarri
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,Vibrio anguillarum ,030106 microbiology ,ClpX ,Vibrio tubiashii ,Probiotic ,Microbiology ,Tropolone ,Phaeobacter inhibens ,03 medical and health sciences ,Tropodithietic acid ,Bacterial Proteins ,Vibrio Infections ,Animals ,Rhodobacteraceae ,Biofilm formation ,Pathogen ,Vibrio ,biology ,Oyster disease ,Probiotics ,Biofilm ,Marine pathogens ,biology.organism_classification ,Ostreidae ,ExoP ,Complementation ,030104 developmental biology ,Biofilms ,Bacteria ,Research Article - Abstract
Background The probiotic bacterium Phaeobacter inhibens strain S4Sm, isolated from the inner shell surface of a healthy oyster, secretes the antibiotic tropodithietic acid (TDA), is an excellent biofilm former, and increases oyster larvae survival when challenged with bacterial pathogens. In this study, we investigated the specific roles of TDA secretion and biofilm formation in the probiotic activity of S4Sm. Results Mutations in clpX (ATP-dependent ATPase) and exoP (an exopolysaccharide biosynthesis gene) were created by insertional mutagenesis using homologous recombination. Mutation of clpX resulted in the loss of TDA production, no decline in biofilm formation, and loss of the ability to inhibit the growth of Vibrio tubiashii and Vibrio anguillarum in co-colonization experiments. Mutation of exoP resulted in a ~60 % decline in biofilm formation, no decline in TDA production, and delayed inhibitory activity towards Vibrio pathogens in co-colonization experiments. Both clpX and exoP mutants exhibited reduced ability to protect oyster larvae from death when challenged by Vibrio tubiashii. Complementation of the clpX and exoP mutations restored the wild type phenotype. We also found that pre-colonization of surfaces by S4Sm was critical for this bacterium to inhibit pathogen colonization and growth. Conclusions Our observations demonstrate that probiotic activity by P. inhibens S4Sm involves contributions from both biofilm formation and the production of the antibiotic TDA. Further, probiotic activity also requires colonization of surfaces by S4Sm prior to the introduction of the pathogen. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-015-0617-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
- Published
- 2016
17. HERPES-LIKE VIRUS ASSOCIATED WITH ERODED GILLS OF THE PACIFIC OYSTER CRASSOSTREA GIGAS IN MEXICO.
- Author
-
Vásquez-Yeomans, Rebeca, Caceres-Martínez, Jorge, and Huerta, Antonio Figueras
- Abstract
Since 1997, high mortality episodes of cultured oysters have occurred in Bahfa Falsa, Mexico. Studies on the possible association of these mortalities with pathogens have showed some similar characteristics to those found in the Portuguese oyster Crassostrea angulata and the Japanese oyster Crassostrea gigas infected by an iridoviridae-like particles in the lately 1960s. This infection was named gill necroses virus infection (GNV). In a recent study, we could not find any virus using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in adult oysters with clinical and histologic signs similar to those described for GNV. However, new TEM images showed the presence of viral particles in eroded gills of oysters. Morphologic characteristics, such as thin-walled icosahedric shape, the presence of capsids in an extension of the nucleus or in a vacuole and size varying from 80 to 90 nm suggest that the viruses belong to the Herpes viridae family. This virus could be involved in the mortality episodes in the Bay and it is different to those described as causal agent of GNV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
18. Dual Analysis of Host and Pathogen Transcriptomes in Ostreid Herpesvirus 1 - Positive Crassostrea gigas
- Author
-
Rosani, U, Varotto, L., Domeneghetti, S., Arcangeli, G., Pallavicini, Alberto, Venier, P., Rosani, U, Varotto, L., Domeneghetti, S., Arcangeli, G., Pallavicini, Alberto, and Venier, P.
- Subjects
oyster ,Base Sequence ,Genes, Viral ,Ecology ,OsHV-1 ,Malacoviridae ,Sequence Analysis, RNA ,herpes virus ,oyster disease ,Microbiology ,Immunity, Innate ,aquaculture ,Host-Pathogen Interactions ,Crassostrea gigas ,Animals ,France ,transcriptome ,Crassostrea ,Herpesviridae - Abstract
Ostreid herpesvirus type 1 (OsHV-1) has become a problematic infective agent for the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. In particular, the OsHV-1 μVar subtype has been associated with severe mortality episodes in oyster spat and juvenile oysters in France and other regions of the world. Factors enhancing the infectivity of the virus and its interactions with susceptible and resistant bivalve hosts are still to be understood, and only few studies have explored the expression of oyster or viral genes during productive infections. In this work, we have performed a dual RNA sequencing analysis on an oyster sample with a high viral load. High sequence coverage allowed us to thoroughly explore the OsHV-1 transcriptome and identify the activated molecular pathways in C. gigas. The identification of several highly induced and defence-related oyster transcripts supports the crucial role played by the innate immune system against the virus and opportunistic microbes possibly contributing to subsequent spat mortality.
- Published
- 2015
19. Bonamia parasites: a rapidly changing perspective on a genus of important mollusc pathogens
- Author
-
Sharon A. Lynch, Marc Y. Engelsma, Isabelle Arzul, Ryan B. Carnegie, and Sarah C. Culloty
- Subjects
Oyster ,pacific oyster ,Bonamiosis ,Epidemiology ,Bioinformatica & Diermodellen ,Haplosporida ,tiostrea-chilensis ,Bonamia ostreae ,Zoology ,n. sp haplosporidia ,Aquatic Science ,Host-Parasite Interactions ,biology.animal ,mikrocytos-roughleyi ,Bio-informatics & Animal models ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,Animals ,Epidemiology, Bio-informatics & Animal models ,14. Life underwater ,Host-parasite interaction ,European union ,Diagnostics ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Phylogeny ,media_common ,new-zealand ,protozoan parasite ,Epidemiologie ,Geographical spread ,biology ,Host (biology) ,Ecology ,Oyster disease ,pcr assay ,Bonamia exitiosa ,oyster ostrea-edulis ,Pacific oyster ,biology.organism_classification ,Epizootiology ,Ostreidae ,Phylogenetics ,crassostrea-gigas mollusca ,Susceptible individual ,Epidemiologie, Bioinformatica & Diermodellen ,european flat oyster ,Bonamia - Abstract
Organisms of the genus Bonamia are intracellular protistan parasites of oysters. To date, 4 species have been described (B. ostreae, B. exitiosa, B. perspora and B. roughleyi), al though the status of B. roughleyi is controversial. Introduction especially of B. ostreae and B. exitiosa to naïve host populations has been shown to cause mass mortalities in the past and has had a dramatic impact on oyster production. Both B. ostreae and B. exitiosa are pathogens notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) and the European Union. Effective management of the disease caused by these pathogens is complicated by the extensive nature of the oyster production process and limited options for disease control of the cultured stocks in open water. This review focuses on the recent advances in research on genetic relationships between Bonamia isolates, geographical distribution, susceptible host species, diagnostics, epizootiology, host− parasite interactions, and disease resistance and control of this globally important genus of oyster pathogens.
- Published
- 2014
20. Bonamia parasites: a rapidly changing perspective on a genus of important mollusc pathogens
- Author
-
Engelsma, Marc, Culloty, Sarah C., Lynch, Sharon A., Arzul, Isabelle, Carnegie, Ryan B., Engelsma, Marc, Culloty, Sarah C., Lynch, Sharon A., Arzul, Isabelle, and Carnegie, Ryan B.
- Abstract
Organisms of the genus Bonamia are intracellular protistan parasites of oysters. To date, 4 species have been described (B. ostreae, B. exitiosa, B. perspora and B. roughleyi), al though the status of B. roughleyi is controversial. Introduction especially of B. ostreae and B. exitiosa to naïve host populations has been shown to cause mass mortalities in the past and has had a dramatic impact on oyster production. Both B. ostreae and B. exitiosa are pathogens notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) and the European Union. Effective management of the disease caused by these pathogens is complicated by the extensive nature of the oyster production process and limited options for disease control of the cultured stocks in open water. This review focuses on the recent advances in research on genetic relationships between Bonamia isolates, geographical distribution, susceptible host species, diagnostics, epizootiology, host− parasite interactions, and disease resistance and control of this globally important genus of oyster pathogens.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. The Probiotic Bacterium Phaeobacter inhibens Downregulates Virulence Factor Transcription in the Shellfish Pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus by N -Acyl Homoserine Lactone Production.
- Author
-
Zhao W, Yuan T, Piva C, Spinard EJ, Schuttert CW, Rowley DC, and Nelson DR
- Subjects
- Probiotics chemistry, Transcription, Genetic, Vibrio genetics, Vibrio metabolism, Virulence Factors metabolism, Acyl-Butyrolactones metabolism, Down-Regulation, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Rhodobacteraceae physiology, Vibrio drug effects, Virulence Factors genetics
- Abstract
Phaeobacter inhibens S4Sm acts as a probiotic bacterium against the oyster pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus Here, we report that P. inhibens S4Sm secretes three molecules that downregulate the transcription of major virulence factors, metalloprotease genes, in V. coralliilyticus cultures. The effects of the S4Sm culture supernatant on the transcription of three genes involved in protease activity, namely, vcpA , vcpB , and vcpR (encoding metalloproteases A and B and their transcriptional regulator, respectively), were examined by reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). The expression of vcpB and vcpR were reduced to 36% and 6.6%, respectively, compared to that in an untreated control. We constructed a V. coralliilyticus green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter strain to detect the activity of inhibitory compounds. Using a bioassay-guided approach, the molecules responsible for V. coralliilyticus protease inhibition activity were isolated from S4Sm supernatant and identified as three N -acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs). The three AHLs are N -(3-hydroxydecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone, N -(dodecanoyl-2,5-diene)-l-homoserine lactone, and N -(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-7-ene)-l-homoserine lactone, and their half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC
50 s) against V. coralliilyticus protease activity were 0.26 μM, 3.7 μM, and 2.9 μM, respectively. Our qRT-PCR data demonstrated that exposures to the individual AHLs reduced the transcription of vcpR and vcpB Combinations of the three AHLs (any two or all three AHLs) on V. coralliilyticus produced additive effects on protease inhibition activity. These AHL compounds may contribute to the host protective effects of S4Sm by disrupting the quorum sensing pathway that activates protease transcription of V. coralliilyticus IMPORTANCE Probiotics represent a promising alternative strategy to control infection and disease caused by marine pathogens of aquaculturally important species. Generally, the beneficial effects of probiotics include improved water quality, control of pathogenic bacteria and their virulence, stimulation of the immune system, and improved animal growth. Previously, we isolated a probiotic bacterium, Phaeobacter inhibens S4Sm, which protects oyster larvae from Vibrio coralliilyticus RE22Sm infection. We also demonstrated that both antibiotic secretion and biofilm formation play important roles in S4Sm probiotic activity. Here, we report that P. inhibens S4Sm, an alphaproteobacterium and member of the Roseobacter clade, also secretes secondary metabolites that hijack the quorum sensing ability of V. coralliilyticus RE22Sm, suppressing virulence gene expression. This finding demonstrates that probiotic bacteria can exert their host protection by using a multipronged array of behaviors that limit the ability of pathogens to become established and cause infection., (Copyright © 2019 American Society for Microbiology.)- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Contributions of tropodithietic acid and biofilm formation to the probiotic activity of Phaeobacter inhibens
- Author
-
Zhao, Wenjing, Dao, Christine, Karim, Murni, Gomez-Chiarri, Marta, Rowley, David, and Nelson, David R.
- Subjects
Tropodithietic acid ,Biofilm formation ,Probiotic ,Marine pathogens ,Oyster disease ,ClpX ,ExoP - Abstract
Background: The probiotic bacterium Phaeobacter inhibens strain S4Sm, isolated from the inner shell surface of a healthy oyster, secretes the antibiotic tropodithietic acid (TDA), is an excellent biofilm former, and increases oyster larvae survival when challenged with bacterial pathogens. In this study, we investigated the specific roles of TDA secretion and biofilm formation in the probiotic activity of S4Sm. Results: Mutations in clpX (ATP-dependent ATPase) and exoP (an exopolysaccharide biosynthesis gene) were created by insertional mutagenesis using homologous recombination. Mutation of clpX resulted in the loss of TDA production, no decline in biofilm formation, and loss of the ability to inhibit the growth of Vibrio tubiashii and Vibrio anguillarum in co-colonization experiments. Mutation of exoP resulted in a ~60 % decline in biofilm formation, no decline in TDA production, and delayed inhibitory activity towards Vibrio pathogens in co-colonization experiments. Both clpX and exoP mutants exhibited reduced ability to protect oyster larvae from death when challenged by Vibrio tubiashii. Complementation of the clpX and exoP mutations restored the wild type phenotype. We also found that pre-colonization of surfaces by S4Sm was critical for this bacterium to inhibit pathogen colonization and growth. Conclusions: Our observations demonstrate that probiotic activity by P. inhibens S4Sm involves contributions from both biofilm formation and the production of the antibiotic TDA. Further, probiotic activity also requires colonization of surfaces by S4Sm prior to the introduction of the pathogen. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-015-0617-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Oyster disease and climate change. Are yearly changes in Perkinsus marinus parasitism in oysters (Crassostrea virginica) by climatic cycles in the Gulf of Mexico?
- Author
-
Nelson, A., Fay, R. R., Powell, E. N., Wilson, E. A., Brooks, J. M., and Gauthier, J. D.
- Subjects
PARASITISM ,CLIMATE change - Published
- 1992
24. Races of Perkinsus marinus
- Author
-
Allen Jr., Standish K. and Bushek, David
- Published
- 1996
25. Range extension by the oyster parasite Perkinsus marinus into the northeastern United States: repsonse to climate change?
- Author
-
Ford, Susan E.
- Published
- 1996
26. On the prediction of Oyster seeding at inner Hiroshima Bay (oyster spawning and the prediction of oyster spatfalls)
- Author
-
Takeuchi, Takuzo, Kawanishi, Masae, and Ogami, Kunitake
- Subjects
oyster aquaculture ,Aquaculture ,oyster disease ,oyster spat - Abstract
U.S. Joint Publications Research Service Translation "Miscellaneous translations on oyster biology" dated 1965, pp.48-83
- Published
- 1960
27. Miscellaneous translations on oyster biology (contents page only - individual articles held as separate documents)
- Author
-
U.S. Joint Publications Research Service
- Subjects
Japan ,oyster aquaculture ,Aquaculture ,Hiroshima Bay ,oyster disease ,oyster spat - Abstract
This is a translation of selected articles from the Japanese language publication Hiroshimaken Suisan Shikenjo Hokoku (Report of Hirshima Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station), Hiroshima City, Japan, vol.22, no. 1, 1960, pages 1-76. Articles translated are:Haematological study of bacteria affected oysters,The distribution of oyster larvae and spatfalls in the Hiroshima City perimeter,On the investigation of the timing of spatfalls,On the prediction of oyster seeding at inner Hiroshima Bay,Oyster growth and its environment at the oyster farm in Hiroshima Bay
- Published
- 1965
28. The distribution of oyster larvae and spatfalls in the Hiroshima City perimeter
- Author
-
Kimura, Chihiro and Inoko, Yoshu
- Subjects
oyster aquaculture ,Aquaculture ,oyster disease ,oyster spat - Abstract
U.S. Joint Publications Research Service Translation "Miscellaneous translations on oyster biology" dated 1965, pp.11-28
- Published
- 1960
29. On the investigation of the timing of spatfalls
- Author
-
Kawanishi, Masae, Murakami, Kikutaro, and Masaaki, Hamai
- Subjects
oyster aquaculture ,Aquaculture ,oyster disease ,oyster spat - Abstract
U.S. Joint Publications Research Service Translation "Miscellaneous translations on oyster biology" dated 1965, pp. 29-47
- Published
- 1960
30. Oyster growth and its environment at the oyster farm in Hiroshima Bay
- Author
-
Matsubara, Takayuki, Kimura, Chihiro, Takemoto, Yoshiteru, Kitijima, Tsutomu, Fujita, Asao, and Ogami, Kunitake
- Subjects
oyster aquaculture ,Aquaculture ,oyster disease ,oyster spat - Abstract
U.S. Joint Publications Research Service Translation "Miscellaneous translations on oyster biology" dated 1965, pp.84-108
- Published
- 1960
31. Haematological study of bacteria affected oysters
- Author
-
Takeuchi, Takuzo, Takemoto, Yoshiteru, and Matsubara, Takayuki
- Subjects
oyster aquaculture ,Aquaculture ,oyster disease ,oyster spat - Abstract
U.S. Joint Publications Research Service Translation "Miscellaneous translations on oyster biology" dated 1965, pp.1-10
- Published
- 1960
32. Host Response when Perkinsus marinus Infection Intensities Increase in the Oyster Crassostrea corteziensis
- Author
-
Escobedo-Fregoso, Cristina, Ramirez-Salcedo, Jorge, and Vázquez-Juárez, Ricardo
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. THE BIOECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF CULTURING TRIPLOID CRASSOSTREA ARIAKENSIS IN NORTH CAROLINA
- Author
-
GRABOWSKI, JONATHAN H., PETERSON, CHARLES H., BISHOP, MELANIE J., and CONRAD, ROBERT
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Serological Affinities of the Oyster Pathogen Perkinsus marinus (Apicomplexa) with Some Dinoflagellates (Dinophyceae)
- Author
-
BUSHEK, DAVID, DUNGAN, CHRISTOPHER F., and LEWITUS, ALAN J.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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